Phagostimulant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth as well as preparation method and application of phagostimulant

Abstract

The invention discloses a phagostimulant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth as well as a preparation method and application of the phagostimulant. The phagostimulant is prepared from the following components: 3 to 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 7 to 9 parts of puffed corn flour, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of snail meat powder, 5 to 7 parts of trehalose and 0.5 to 1.5 parts of lycium barbarum polysaccharide. The phagostimulant can attract earthworms to gather to form a population with relatively high density by utilizing the preference of the earthworms on substances with specific odor, so that the growth of the earthworms is effectively promoted, and the activity of the earthworms is improved. The prepared phagostimulant has a rapid induction effect, use of a large amount of salt, sweetening agents and irritant additives is avoided, the problems of poor growth and activity reduction of earthworms cannot be caused after long-term use, and the phagostimulant is basically harmless to farmland soil. The feed has a good food calling effect on different types of earthworms, feed waste can be reduced, the harvesting cost is reduced, and earthworm population breeding and large-scale breeding are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a feeding attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important biological resource, earthworms exhibit their unique application value in multiple fields. Their life activities directly affect soil structure, material cycling, and nutrient availability, having a positive impact on plant growth. It is reported that earthworms make a significant contribution to global food production. Approximately 6.5% of the global cereal production and 2.3% of the legume production are related to earthworm activities, equivalent to more than 140 million tons of food per year. The protein content in earthworms is very rich. The average protein content in dry matter is 56.5%, and the highest can reach 71%. This makes earthworms an efficient and high-quality protein source. As feed for aquaculture animals, it can not only increase the yield of aquatic products but also enhance the resistance of fish. Bioactive substances such as antibacterial peptides, platelet-activating factor-like substances, and lumbricin extracted from earthworms can also enhance the immunity and disease resistance of livestock and poultry such as pigs, chickens, ducks, and cows. Therefore, earthworms are an animal protein feed with low cost, high efficiency, safety, and reliability. In addition, modern medical research has also found that some components in earthworms have the effects of antioxidation, liver protection, bacteriostasis, and promoting wound and nervous system repair. The lumbrokinase contained in earthworms has a good therapeutic effect on cardiovascular diseases. It can activate fibrinolysin to dissolve blood clots, reduce blood viscosity, inhibit platelet aggregation, anticoagulate, and promote smooth blood circulation. Therefore, earthworms play an irreplaceable role in soil health, food security, feed development, and the medical field. The multi-faceted application of their resources is of great significance for green development and ecological environment protection.

[0003] However, the accelerating urbanization process and the "mass extermination" electrocapture of wild earthworms have led to a sharp reduction in the number of earthworms, making it difficult to meet the market demand for livestock and poultry feed, fish bait, and medicinal materials. The scarcity of this biological resource highlights the dual importance of green earthworm farming and efficient collection. Currently, there are some defects in earthworm farming technology, including low technical level, low farming efficiency, low separation and harvesting efficiency, etc. The purpose of farming is mainly to treat agricultural waste to obtain earthworm manure for agricultural production. The earthworms farmed in this way grow slowly and have weak disease resistance, and are not suitable for developing food or pharmaceutical raw materials. Traditional earthworm collection methods are basically only applicable to collecting earthworms on the soil surface during large-scale farming and field collection, which is likely to damage the soil structure and cause physical damage to earthworms. Existing earthworm collection materials require a long time to collect a certain number of earthworms, are likely to have a toxic effect on earthworms and other soil organisms, and even pollute the environment.

[0004] The development of earthworm attractants is crucial for solving these problems. Firstly, a dedicated attractant can quickly induce the aggregation of earthworms, which not only improves the aggregation efficiency of earthworms, reduces the workload and time of manual collection of earthworms, but also enables the aggregation of earthworms in the target plot to form a relatively high-density population, and then conduct in-situ cultivation, thereby achieving the expansion of the earthworm population in the soil. Secondly, through a specific attractant formula, the growth of earthworms can be accelerated, shortening their growth cycle, thus improving the production efficiency of earthworm breeding. For example, the patent with the application number CN109430546A discloses a preparation method of an earthworm attractant using betaine, sweeteners, flavorants, mannanase, and vitamin C as raw materials. These components can improve the feeding rate and palatability of earthworms for indigestible feeds, and expand the scope of use of unconventional feed raw materials. However, the raw material components of this patent are complex, the production process is cumbersome, the cost is relatively high, and its components are mainly sweeteners, which have a certain degree of irritation to earthworm tissues and the impact on the environment is unknown. The attractant components disclosed in CN107211964A include rotten fruit and vegetable pulp, sodium selenite, molasses, microcrystalline cellulose, and orange peel powder. Although molasses can increase the feeding desire of earthworms and promote growth. However, molasses is prone to attracting mosquitoes and is very sticky after encountering water, which has a certain negative impact on the activities of earthworms. The attractant disclosed in CN113712124A is aspartame (aspartame) and hawthorn powder. Aspartame has an extremely high sweetness, 180 times that of sucrose, which produces irritation to earthworm tissues, resulting in abnormal quantity and weight of earthworm cocoons. Other artificial sweeteners, such as acesulfame potassium, seriously interfere with the normal metabolism of earthworms and have a negative impact on the activities of earthworms. To sum up, most of the existing attractants have an attracting effect, but are easily affected by other mosquitoes, have potential impacts on the environment, or produce irritation to earthworm tissues, thus affecting the earthworm population, and the sustainability of the attracting effect is poor.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of low-sweetness component earthworm attractant that is mild and sustainable to achieve the efficient collection and green breeding of earthworms, enhance the economic benefits of earthworm breeding, and promote the sustainable development of the earthworm industry, with dual environmental and economic values.

[0006] The present invention provides a new type of earthworm attractant, which can utilize the preference of earthworms for specific odor substances to attract earthworms to aggregate and form a relatively high-density population, thereby quickly expanding the earthworm population. In addition, the application of the attractant can effectively increase the average daily weight gain of earthworms, reduce the average feed-to-weight ratio, and ultimately increase the yield to meet the growing market demand. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the above-mentioned problems of earthworm attractants, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an attractant for quickly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, its preparation method, and application.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a feeding attractant for quickly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, which is composed of the following components by weight: 3-5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 7-9 parts of expanded corn flour, 0.5-1.5 parts of snail meat powder, 5-7 parts of trehalose, and 0.5-1.5 parts of wolfberry polysaccharide.

[0010] Preferably, the feeding attractant for quickly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth is composed of the following components by weight: 4 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8 parts of expanded corn flour, 1 part of snail meat powder, 6 parts of trehalose, and 1 part of wolfberry polysaccharide.

[0011] Furthermore, the preparation method of the expanded corn flour is as follows: The corn flour is added with water, expanded, ground and sieved, and then dried to make the water content less than 10%, thus obtaining the expanded corn flour.

[0012] As an example, the preparation method of the expanded corn flour is as follows: The corn flour is added with water to a water content of 40%, expanded, ground and sieved, and then dried to make the water content less than 10%, thus obtaining the expanded corn flour.

[0013] The preparation method of the snail meat powder is as follows: The live snails are cooked, shelled, and ground into a meat paste, then ultrasonically extracted and concentrated and dried to obtain the snail meat powder.

[0014] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a feeding attractant for quickly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, including: mixing microcrystalline cellulose, expanded corn flour, snail meat powder, trehalose, and wolfberry polysaccharide according to the component ratio, and then passing through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the feeding attractant.

[0015] The present invention also provides an earthworm feed, which contains a basic feed and the feeding attractant for quickly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth.

[0016] As an example, the preparation method of the basic feed is as follows: Animal feces and cellulose-rich agricultural residues in a weight ratio of (4-6):(1-3) are fully mixed, and aerobic preliminary fermentation is carried out at a fermentation temperature of 45-60°C for 40 days, with turning the pile every 7-10 days and turning the pile 2-3 times to obtain the basic feed.

[0017] As an example, the addition amount of the feeding attractant is 0.1-0.3 wt% of the earthworm breeding substrate, and the addition amount of the basic feed is 0.8-1.0 wt% of the earthworm breeding substrate; the earthworm breeding substrate is pollution-free garden soil with a water content of 30-40 wt%.

[0018] The addition amount of the feeding attractant of the present invention can be reasonably adjusted according to the differences in the earthworm breeding substrate and the feed.

[0019] The earthworm species is one of Metaphire guillelmi and Eisenia fetida, and earthworms with clear clitellum and good activity are selected. Each Metaphire guillelmi weighs 1 - 3 g, and each Eisenia fetida weighs 0.3 - 0.7 g. They are subjected to 24 - hour intestinal cleansing before breeding. Water is sprayed on the surface of the earthworm breeding substrate every other day to maintain the water content of the substrate. Appropriate light - shielding treatment is carried out during the breeding process.

[0020] The protection scope of the present invention also includes:

[0021] The application of the above - mentioned attractant in inducing earthworm aggregation and accelerating earthworm growth.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Low - sweetness feature: The sweet component of the attractant of the present invention is mainly trehalose, and its sweetness is only 45% of that of sucrose. It avoids over - strong taste stimulation to earthworms, reduces the stress response of earthworms, and makes it a mild and sustainable attractant.

[0024] 2. Multi - component synergy: The attractant of the present invention stimulates earthworms from both olfactory and gustatory aspects of the mouth and the front part of the body, gives full play to the attractant effects of each component, makes up for each other's advantages, and achieves the best attractant effect. It improves the palatability and feeding rate of the feed, and quickly promotes the growth of earthworms. This attractant can utilize the preference of earthworms for specific odor substances, attract earthworms to gather to form a relatively high - density population, effectively promote the growth of earthworms and improve the activity of earthworms. It has a rapid induction effect, avoids the use of a large amount of salts, sweeteners, and irritating additives, will not cause problems such as poor growth and reduced activity of earthworms after long - term use, and is basically harmless to farmland soil.

[0025] 3. Simple process, economical and environmentally friendly: The preparation process of the attractant of the present invention is simple, mainly completed by physical mixing, without complex equipment. The raw materials have wide sources and flexible ratios, and are suitable for large - scale production. All components are natural or biodegradable substances, which have no toxic or side effects on earthworms and soil, and it is an economical, environmentally friendly and sustainable auxiliary product for earthworm breeding.

[0026] 4. Wide application: The attractant of the present invention has good attractant properties for different species of earthworms. By using low - sweetness sweeteners, it can improve the weight of earthworms while ensuring the attractant property. It has targeted attractant and growth - promoting effects on earthworms. It can reduce feed waste, lower the harvesting cost, and promote the breeding and large - scale farming of earthworm populations. The basic feed components can be adjusted according to the growth stage of earthworms and environmental conditions, and it is applicable to large - scale commercial farming, small - scale farming, ecological restoration projects, etc., and has wide application scenarios and practical values. Description of the Drawings

[0027] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the device used in the screening and testing process of earthworm attractants;

[0028] Figure 2 It shows the changes in the growth performance of earthworms in different treatment groups in Example 2;

[0029] Figure 3 It shows the changes in the nutrient components and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of earthworms in different treatment groups in Example 2. Specific Embodiments

[0030] To better understand the present invention, it is illustrated by the following examples, which belong to the protection scope of the present invention but do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1: Screening of Attractant Components

[0032] The applicant designed a simple earthworm attracting device for the screening and testing process of earthworm attractants. As Figure 1 shown, it is composed of four sides, a bottom surface and a movable baffle 2 to enclose two areas. The left area is the placement area of the breeding substrate for earthworms 1, which is the control area 5; the right area is the placement area of the breeding substrate added with the attractant 3, which is the induction area 4. Before the experiment, the control area 5 and the induction area 4 are separated by the movable baffle 2, and air holes 6 are opened on the side, and gauze is laid inside to prevent earthworms from escaping.

[0033] The screened attractants include:

[0034] 1) Carbohydrate attractant components - Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, trehalose, microcrystalline cellulose, brown sugar;

[0035] 2) Animal raw materials and extracts: snail meat powder, pig blood powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, fish meal, fine shrimp powder, squid powder, chicken liver powder;

[0036] 3) Plant raw materials and extracts: apple peel, banana peel, sugarcane bagasse, rapeseed cake, orange peel powder, expanded corn flour;

[0037] 4) Methyl donor attractant components - betaine, choline, methionine;

[0038] 5) Fermented attractant components - corn distillers grains, decomposed peanut bran;

[0039] Among them, the preparation method of the expanded corn flour is: add water to corn flour to a water content of 40%, extrude, grind and sieve, and then perform a drying treatment to make the water content less than 10% to obtain the expanded corn flour. The preparation method of the snail meat powder is: cook the fresh snails, remove the shells, beat them into a meat paste, perform ultrasonic extraction, and concentrate and dry to obtain the snail meat powder. The preparation methods of other animal raw materials and extracts are similar to that of the snail meat powder.

[0040] The experimental method is as follows:

[0041] Preparation of breeding substrate: The earthworm breeding substrate is unpolluted garden soil with uniform soil texture, no gravel or stones, the particle size should not be too fine, the water content is 30-40%, and the breeding temperature is 18-22℃.

[0042] Preparation of basic feed: Mix cow dung and rice husk in a mass ratio of 4:1, conduct aerobic preliminary fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 45-60℃ for about 40 days, turn the pile every 7-10 days, turn the pile 2-3 times, and initially dehydrate and pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the basic feed for earthworm farming.

[0043] 2kg of earthworm culture substrate and 20g of basic feed were placed in both the control area and the induction area. Different types of attractants were mixed in the basic feed of the induction area (the amount of attractant added was 0.2% of the earthworm culture substrate). 20 William's cavity earthworms with clear annulus and body weight of 1-3g that had been pre-cultured in the same culture substrate for 7 days were selected and placed on the side of the control area without attractant. The weight and number of earthworms were recorded. After the experiment started, the movable baffle was removed to allow the earthworms to choose their own living area. The number of earthworms in the induction area and the control area was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 9th days to analyze the attractant effect of different attractant components on earthworms. Then, different components with good attractant effects were combined to form attractants containing different components. The above operation was repeated to observe its attractant effect on earthworms.

[0044] After many tests, the materials with relatively ideal effects were ranked according to the attractant effect: trehalose, microcrystalline cellulose, brown sugar, wolfberry polysaccharide, snail meat powder, and puffed corn flour. On the contrary, the methyl donor attractant components (betaine, choline, methionine) in the screening materials and the animal raw materials and extracts other than snail meat powder all had a negative effect on the induction effect of earthworms. Brown sugar is easy to attract pests such as flies and insects during actual use, leading to the breeding of pathogens. Therefore, the present invention selects trehalose, microcrystalline cellulose, wolfberry polysaccharide, snail meat powder, and puffed corn flour as attractant components.

[0045] Embodiment 2:

[0046] A food attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, comprising the following raw materials by weight: 4 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 1 part of snail meat powder, 6 parts of trehalose, and 1 part of wolfberry polysaccharide. Hereinafter referred to as food attractant A.

[0047] The preparation of the breeding substrate and the basic feed was the same as in Example 1. Preparation of attractant A: Corn flour was added with water to a water content of 40%, extruded, ground and sieved, and then dried to a water content of less than 10% to obtain extruded corn flour. Fresh snails were cooked, shelled, and ground into a meat paste, ultrasonic extraction was carried out, and then concentrated and dried to obtain snail meat powder. Trehalose, wolfberry polysaccharide, and microcrystalline cellulose are all common natural food additives. Microcrystalline cellulose, extruded corn flour, snail meat powder, trehalose, and wolfberry polysaccharide were mixed in a mass ratio of 4:8:1:6:1 and sieved through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain attractant A.

[0048] Preparation of earthworms for the experiment: Select Eisenia fetida with clear clitellum and good activity for the experiment. Each Eisenia fetida weighed 1-3 g. Before breeding, they were subjected to a 24-hour intestinal cleansing treatment. Water was sprayed on the surface of the earthworm breeding substrate every other day to maintain the water content of the substrate. During the breeding process, appropriate light-shielding treatment was carried out.

[0049] Similar to Example 1, the earthworm attractant device Figure 1 shown was used for the experiment to expand the attractant system. On both sides of the movable baffle, 9 kg of earthworm breeding substrate (pollution-free garden soil) was placed, with a depth of about 30 cm. Three treatments were set in the induction area: CK group: no other components were added; L group: basic feed was added; LY group: basic feed + attractant A was added. Each treatment had three replicates. The addition amount of the basic feed was 1.0% of the earthworm breeding substrate, and the addition amount of the attractant was 0.2% of the earthworm breeding substrate. The basic feed, attractant, and breeding substrate were fully mixed. 50 Eisenia fetida per group were placed on one side of the control area without attractant, and the weight and number of earthworms were recorded. After the experiment started, the movable baffle was removed to allow the earthworms to freely choose the living area. The number of Eisenia fetida in the induction area and the control area was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th days. The weight of Eisenia fetida was recorded before and after the experiment to evaluate the attractant effect of attractant A on Eisenia fetida. The changes in the nutritional components and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of earthworms were measured, and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

[0050] Among them,

[0051]

[0052] Among them, n 0 is the number of added earthworms, that is, the total number of earthworms initially invested; n 1 is the total number of earthworms in the induction area on the 9th day; n 2 is the total number of finally surviving earthworms, that is, the total number of earthworms in the induction area and the control area on the 9th day; W 0 is the total initial weight of the initially invested earthworms; W 1 is the total final weight of all earthworms in the induction area on the 9th day; ln 0 is the initial individual weight, ln 0 =W 0 / n 0 ; ln 1 is the final individual weight, ln 1 = W 1 / n 1 ; d is the number of feeding days.

[0053] Results and Analysis:

[0054] Table 1 Results of the feeding experiment of Eisenia foetida

[0055]

[0056] From Table 1 and Figure 2 it can be seen that the application of the attractant can effectively induce the aggregation of earthworms, significantly improve the weight growth rate, survival rate and induction rate of earthworms (P<0.05). Figure 3 The results show that the application of the attractant causes a slight decrease in the moisture and ash content of earthworms, no significant change in the crude protein content, and a significant increase in the crude lipid content (P<0.05). Figure 3 It can be seen that the lipase activity of earthworms decreases, while the cellulase and amylase activities increase slightly. Therefore, overall, in this attractant formula, microcrystalline cellulose and expanded corn flour, as the main carriers, provide good physical structure and palatability, and can effectively attract the aggregation of earthworms. The snail meat powder is rich in protein and amino acids, further enhancing the attractant effect and promoting the feeding of earthworms. Trehalose and wolfberry polysaccharide reduce the stimulation to earthworms through low sweetness and natural active ingredients, while improving their immunity and growth efficiency. The synergistic effect of each component makes this attractant have significant attractant and growth-promoting effects.

[0057] Example 3:

[0058] An attractant for rapidly inducing the aggregation and growth promotion of earthworms, by weight, consists of the following raw materials: 5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 7 parts of expanded corn flour, 1.5 parts of snail meat powder, 5 parts of trehalose, and 1.5 parts of wolfberry polysaccharide. Hereinafter, it is simply referred to as attractant B.

[0059] The test steps are basically the same as those in Example 2, the differences being the different component ratios of the attractant and the use of 100 Eisenia foetida per group in the test. In this example, attractant B is used, and the preparation method: mix microcrystalline cellulose, expanded corn flour, snail meat powder, trehalose, and wolfberry polysaccharide in a mass ratio of 5:7:1.5:5:1.5 and then pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain attractant B.

[0060] The preparation of earthworms for the experiment was the same as that in Example 2 for the earthworm attractant device, and the attractant system was further expanded. On both sides of the movable baffle, 12 kg of earthworm breeding substrate (pollution-free garden soil) was placed, with a depth of about 35 cm. The grouping treatment method in the induction area was the same as that in Example 2. 100 earthworms of Eisenia foetida per group were placed on one side of the control area without attractant, and the weight and number of earthworms were recorded. After the experiment started, the movable baffle was removed to allow the earthworms to freely choose the living area, and the number of Eisenia foetida in the induction area and the control area was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th days. The weight of Eisenia foetida was recorded before and after the experiment to evaluate the attractant effect of Attractant B on Eisenia foetida.

[0061] Results and analysis:

[0062] Table 2 Results of the feeding experiment of Eisenia foetida

[0063]

[0064] In Table 2, the calculation formulas for the initial individual weight, final individual weight, induction rate, weight growth rate, and survival rate were the same as those in Example 2. Attractant B reduced the proportions of expanded corn flour and trehalose, and increased the proportions of microcrystalline cellulose, snail meat powder, and wolfberry polysaccharide. As can be seen from Table 2, compared with Example 2, this attractant also had a good induction effect on Eisenia foetida, but the increase in the weight growth rate decreased. The differences in the data of the L group / CK group in Table 1 and Table 2 may be due to the change in the local microenvironment (such as the decrease in dissolved oxygen, the accumulation of metabolites, and spatial competition) caused by the difference in earthworm density, which directly affected the metabolic efficiency and survival rate.

[0065] Example 4:

[0066] An attractant for quickly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, by weight, consists of the following raw materials: 3 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 9 parts of expanded corn flour, 0.5 part of snail meat powder, 7 parts of trehalose, and 0.5 part of wolfberry polysaccharide. Hereinafter, it is simply referred to as Attractant C.

[0067] The experimental steps were basically the same as those in Example 2, except that the component ratio of the attractant was different, and the earthworm species used in the experiment was Eisenia fetida, with 100 earthworms per group. In this example, Attractant C was used, and the preparation method was as follows: Microcrystalline cellulose, expanded corn flour, snail meat powder, trehalose, and wolfberry polysaccharide were mixed in a mass ratio of 3:9:0.5:7:0.5 and then passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain Attractant C.

[0068] Preparation of earthworms for the experiment: Eisenia fetida with clear clitellum and good activity was selected for the experiment. Each earthworm weighed 0.3 - 0.7 g and was subjected to a 24-hour intestinal cleansing treatment before breeding. Water was sprayed on the surface of the earthworm breeding substrate every other day to maintain the water content of the substrate, and appropriate light-shielding treatment was carried out during the breeding process.

[0069] Similar to Example 1, usingFigure 1 The feeding-inducing device shown was tested. On both sides of the movable baffle, 2 kg of earthworm breeding substrate (pollution-free garden soil) was placed, with a depth of about 15 cm. The grouping treatment method in the induction area was the same as that in Example 2. 100 Eisenia fetida per group were placed on one side of the control area without the feeding inducer, and the weight and number of earthworms were recorded. After the test started, the movable baffle was removed to allow the earthworms to freely choose the living area, and the number of Eisenia fetida in the induction area and the control area was recorded on the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th days. The weight of Eisenia fetida was recorded before and after the test to evaluate the feeding-inducing effect of feeding inducer C on Eisenia fetida. Results and analysis:

[0070] Table 3 Results of the Eisenia fetida feeding experiment

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] In Table 3, the calculation formulas for the initial individual weight, final individual weight, induction rate, weight growth rate, and survival rate were the same as those in Example 2. It can be seen from Table 3 that this feeding inducer has a good inducing effect on Eisenia fetida, and the growth-promoting effect of the LY group is better than that of the L group without the feeding inducer.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] The test steps were basically the same as those in Example 2, except that the components of the feeding inducer were different. In this comparative example, feeding inducer D was used. Feeding inducer D was composed of the following raw materials by weight: 4 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8 parts of expanded corn flour, 1 part of snail meat powder, and 7 parts of molasses. The number and weight of Metaphire guillelmi in the induction area and the control area were recorded on the 1st and 9th days to evaluate the feeding-inducing effect of feeding inducer D on Metaphire guillelmi. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0076] Comparative Example 2

[0077] The test steps were basically the same as those in Example 2, except that the components of the feeding inducer were different. In this comparative example, feeding inducer E was used. Feeding inducer E was composed of the following raw materials by weight: 4 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8 parts of expanded corn flour, 1 part of snail meat powder, and 7 parts of stevia sugar. The number and weight of Metaphire guillelmi in the induction area and the control area were recorded on the 1st and 9th days to evaluate the feeding-inducing effect of feeding inducer E on Metaphire guillelmi. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0078] Comparative Example 3

[0079] The test procedure is basically the same as that of Example 2, except that the composition of the attractant is different. In this comparative example, attractant F is used. Attractant F is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 4 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8 parts of expanded corn flour, 1 part of snail meat powder, and 7 parts of acesulfame potassium. On the 1st and 9th days, the number and weight of Eisenia fetida in the induction area and the control area were recorded to evaluate the attractant effect of attractant F on Eisenia fetida. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0080] Table 4 Results of the Eisenia fetida feeding test

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] In Table 4, the calculation formulas for the initial individual weight, final individual weight, induction rate, weight growth rate, and survival rate are the same as those in Example 2. As can be seen from Table 4, attractants E and F in the comparative examples have weak induction on Eisenia fetida, and the survival rate of earthworms is relatively low. Although attractant D has a certain attractant effect, the molasses in it is likely to attract mosquitoes, having a defect similar to that of brown sugar. Although stevioside and molasses are both natural sugars, they become very viscous after encountering water, having a negative impact on the activities of earthworms. Acesulfame potassium is an artificial sweetener, but its sweetness is too high. It was observed that the earthworms reacted violently in stevioside and acesulfame potassium, their bodies quickly became rigid, and a large amount of mucus was secreted on the body surface, indicating that high-sweetness sweeteners are likely to have a negative impact on earthworms. In contrast, trehalose has a mild odor and appropriate sweetness, and the tropism of earthworms is very obvious, making it an ideal attractant material.

[0084] Conclusion: The earthworm attractant prepared by the method of the present invention has the characteristics of low sweetness and mild composition. The synergistic effect of its multiple components can effectively stimulate the smell and taste of earthworms, thereby improving the palatability and feeding rate of the feed, further promoting the growth and development of earthworms, and increasing their survival rate. The preparation process of this attractant is simple, using natural and environmentally friendly raw materials, suitable for large-scale production, and applicable to various earthworms, especially having a significant weight gain effect on Eisenia fetida. In summary, this attractant is not only economical and environmentally friendly but also has good sustainability, being an ideal auxiliary product for earthworm breeding.

Claims

1. A food attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components by weight: 3-5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 7-9 parts of puffed corn flour, 0.5-1.5 parts of snail meat powder, 5-7 parts of trehalose and 0.5-1.5 parts of wolfberry polysaccharide.

2. The attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth according to claim 1, which is composed of the following components by weight: 4 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 1 part of snail meat powder, 6 parts of trehalose, and 1 part of wolfberry polysaccharide.

3. The attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the puffed corn flour is as follows: the corn flour is puffed by adding water, then ground and sieved, and then dried to make the water content less than 10%, so as to obtain the puffed corn flour.

4. The attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation method of the puffed corn flour is as follows: water is added to the corn flour to make the water content 40%, the corn flour is puffed, ground and sieved, and then dried to make the water content less than 10%, so as to obtain the puffed corn flour.

5. The attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the snail meat powder comprises the following steps: cooking fresh snails, removing the shells, and then beating the snails into meat paste, ultrasonically extracting the meat, and concentrating and drying the meat.

6. A method for preparing the attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: Microcrystalline cellulose, puffed corn flour, snail meat powder, trehalose and wolfberry polysaccharide are mixed according to the component distribution ratio, and then passed through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the attractant.

7. An earthworm feed, characterized in that: The invention comprises a basic feed and the attractant for rapidly inducing earthworm aggregation and promoting growth as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. The earthworm feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The preparation method of the basic feed is as follows: animal manure and agricultural residues rich in cellulose are fully mixed in a weight ratio of (4-6): (1-3), and aerobic preliminary fermentation is carried out at a fermentation temperature of 45-60° C. for 40 days, and the pile is turned every 7-10 days, and the pile is turned 2-3 times to obtain the basic feed.

9. The earthworm feed according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The addition amount of the attractant is 0.1-0.3wt% of the earthworm culture matrix, and the addition amount of the basic feed is 0.8-1.0wt% of the earthworm culture matrix; the earthworm culture matrix is ​​pollution-free garden soil, and its water content is 30-40wt%.

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