Multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and discloses a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material and a preparation method of the multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material. 15-30 parts of hard alloy powder; 10 to 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder; 10 to 20 parts of composite ceramic powder; 5 to 10 parts of nickel powder; and 5-10 parts of copper powder. The hard alloy powder, the high-chromium cast iron powder and the composite ceramic powder are wrapped outside the steel plate, the hard alloy powder is melted to form a firm protective layer capable of improving hardness and wear resistance, and the high-chromium cast iron powder is melted to form a high-temperature-resistant protective layer capable of improving corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. A reinforced wear-resistant layer capable of improving thermal shock resistance and friction resistance can be formed by utilizing the composite ceramic powder, so that a multi-layer structure is formed, and the three layers are mixed with one another, so that the overall wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability of the composite material are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly to a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern manufacturing, the demand for wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and high-temperature stable materials is increasing. Especially in some extreme working conditions, such as high-temperature, friction, and corrosion environments, traditional materials can no longer meet the usage requirements. To improve the performance of materials under these extreme working conditions, researchers have been committed to developing high-performance wear-resistant materials. In the prior art, common solutions include using coatings, composite materials, and surface hardening technologies, etc., but these methods have certain limitations.

[0003] Coating technology is a relatively common means to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of materials. Common coating materials such as ceramic coatings, metal coatings, etc., by covering the surface of the substrate material, form a protective film to achieve the purpose of enhancing performance. However, the main problem of coating technology is that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate material is relatively low, and it is easy to have coating peeling or cracking, especially in high-temperature or high-pressure environments, which greatly reduces the protective effect of the coating. In addition, the coating thickness is generally relatively thin, and it is difficult to provide continuous protection. Especially under extreme wear conditions, the coating may wear quickly, resulting in the exposure of the substrate material, thereby affecting the performance of the entire material.

[0004] Therefore, although the coating protection, powder sintering, and composite material technologies in the prior art can improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of materials to a certain extent, they generally have defects such as insufficient bonding strength, poor durability, high cost, and poor adaptability to high-temperature and high-corrosion environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of insufficient coating bonding strength, poor durability, high cost, and poor adaptability to high-temperature and high-corrosion environments in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material, comprising the following components in parts by mass: Steel plate: 30 - 60 parts; The steel plate is the base material, providing structural support and certain toughness. The steel plate is the basic material, bearing external forces and working loads, and ensuring the stability and durability of the entire composite material system.

[0007] Cemented carbide powder: 15 - 30 parts; High-chromium cast iron powder: 10 - 20 parts; The high-chromium cast iron powder improves the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the composite material. It has antioxidant properties and can significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the composite material in harsh working environments, especially in high-temperature corrosive environments.

[0008] Composite ceramic powder: 10 - 20 parts; It is mainly used to provide high hardness, wear resistance and high-temperature resistance. Ceramic particles can effectively resist high-temperature wear and show excellent wear resistance especially under high-speed friction and extreme temperature conditions.

[0009] Nickel powder: 5 - 10 parts; Copper powder: 5 - 10 parts.

[0010] Among them, nickel powder and copper powder can not only improve the weldability and toughness of the composite material, but also enhance the thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance of the composite layer. Copper powder helps to enhance the thermal conductivity of the composite material to adapt to high-temperature operating environments; nickel powder provides better antioxidant properties and toughness, and enhances the connection strength of the composite layer. Preferably, the cemented carbide powder is composed of a mixture of tungsten alloy powder and molybdenum alloy powder, and the mixing ratio of the two is (7 - 9):(1 - 3), and the particle size of both is 5 - 20um.

[0011] The cemented carbide powder mainly provides high hardness and wear resistance in the composite material and can resist wear and impact in extreme working environments. Among them, tungsten alloy has high hardness and excellent high-temperature resistance and is suitable for high-intensity wear under high-temperature working conditions. Molybdenum alloy improves the high-temperature oxidation resistance and enhances the stability of the composite material in high-temperature environments.

[0012] Preferably, the high-chromium cast iron powder includes one of Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder or Cr30 high-chromium cast iron powder, and the particle size is 10 - 30um. The composite ceramic powder includes one or more of silicon carbide powder, silicon nitride powder or chromium carbide powder, and the particle size is 1 - 10um. The particle sizes of the nickel powder and copper powder are both 10 - 50um.

[0013] Preferably, the cemented carbide powder, high-chromium cast iron powder, composite ceramic powder, nickel powder and copper powder are mixed and used to wrap the outside of the steel plate to form a protective layer, and the thickness ratio of the protective layer to the thickness of the steel plate is (1 - 2):(1 - 3).

[0014] A preparation method of a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material includes the following steps: a. Pretreatment of the steel plate, used to remove impurities on the surface of the steel plate; b. Powder mixing, mixing copper powder, nickel powder, composite ceramic powder, high-chromium cast iron powder and cemented carbide powder; c. Powder compaction, compacting the powder and reserving a groove in the middle for placing the steel plate; d. Place the steel plate. After placing the steel plate into the groove, re - put the powder and compact it to form a protective layer that wraps the steel plate; e. Heat the protective layer to make it melt and bond with the steel plate; f. Heat treatment.

[0015] Preferably, in step a, the pre - treatment of the steel plate includes the following steps: Mechanical cleaning: Use a steel brush, sandpaper, grinding wheel or sandblaster to remove oxides, rust and slight dirt on the surface of the steel plate. Among them, the sandblasting pressure is controlled at 4 - 7 bar, and the spraying angle is 45° - 90°; Chemical cleaning: Use a degreasing agent to clean the steel plate to remove surface oil and dirt; High - pressure water rinsing: After chemical cleaning, use a water gun to rinse the surface of the steel plate under the condition of a pressure of 100 - 300 bar to remove water - soluble dirt, residual cleaning agent and oil; Surface roughening: Treat the surface of the steel plate with an acidic phosphating solution for 15 - 25 min, or use a sandblaster or shot peening machine to roughen the surface of the steel plate so that the surface roughness of the steel plate reaches an Ra value of 1 - 5 μm.

[0016] Among them, mechanical cleaning: Remove loose oxides and dirt on the surface of the steel plate through physical action to ensure a clean substrate, which helps to enhance the adhesion of the powder material.

[0017] Chemical cleaning: The chemical cleaning step removes oil and dirt to ensure that the surface is free of impurities. The degreasing agent dissolves grease and other dirt on the surface of the steel plate. Chemical cleaning helps to improve the adhesion of the subsequent coated powder.

[0018] High - pressure water rinsing: High - pressure water flow can thoroughly clean surface residues, especially water - soluble impurities and residual chemical cleaning agents, to ensure a clean surface.

[0019] Surface roughening: Through methods such as acidic phosphating solution treatment or sandblasting and shot peening, make the surface of the steel plate have an appropriate roughness (Ra value of 1 - 5 μm), increase the mechanical adhesion of the subsequent powder material, and ensure that the composite layer can be firmly bonded.

[0020] Preferably, in step b, a planetary ball mill is used for powder mixing, and the operating parameters are: rotation speed 200 - 500 rpm, time 0.5 - 1.5 h.

[0021] Among them, using a planetary ball mill to fully mix different powders to ensure that each powder particle is evenly distributed. The ball mill ensures the uniform mixing of powders through the high - frequency collision and friction between the grinding balls and the powders, avoiding layering. By controlling the rotation speed and time, the mixing effect is optimized to ensure that each powder is evenly distributed.

[0022] Preferably, in the steps c and d, the pressure for powder compaction is 200 - 300 MPa, and the time is 1 - 2 min.

[0023] Among them, during the powder compaction process, by applying high pressure, the powder particles are closely combined, voids are removed, and the density and strength of the composite layer are increased. The compaction time is controlled within a short period to avoid difficulties in subsequent heating and melting due to over-compaction of the powder. After placing the steel plate in the pre-reserved groove, the powder is compacted to ensure that the powder evenly covers the surface of the steel plate, forming a stable protective layer. Under high pressure, the powder material adheres tightly to the surface of the steel plate, ensuring that the protective layer can be smoothly combined with the steel plate during subsequent heating. At this time, the protective layer is in a state of wrapping the steel plate, so the material is arranged in a zigzag structure, enabling the protective layer to play a better protective role for the steel plate.

[0024] Preferably, in the step e, an induction heating furnace is used to heat the protective layer at a temperature of 900 - 1200 °C for 5 - 10 min, and then it is naturally cooled.

[0025] Among them, through the induction heating technology, the protective layer is quickly heated to a high temperature, causing the powder material to melt and tightly combine with the surface of the steel plate. Inductive heating can quickly raise the temperature, avoiding over-melting of the material or thermal damage caused by over-long heating. After heating is completed, the natural cooling process is used to control the temperature change, avoiding stress or cracks caused by too fast cooling.

[0026] Preferably, in the step f, the heat treatment steps include: Preheating: The material is heated to 300 - 500 °C and then kept warm for 0.5 - 1 h; Heating: The material is heated to 800 - 1100 °C and then maintained for 1 - 3 h; Cooling: The material is cooled to room temperature, and the cooling rate is controlled at 10 - 50 °C / min.

[0027] Among them, heat treatment optimizes the hardness, toughness, and wear resistance of the material by controlling the heating temperature and cooling rate. The preheating stage removes residual stress, the heating stage improves the bonding strength and hardness of the composite layer, and the cooling stage avoids thermal cracks or internal stress problems by slowly reducing the temperature.

[0028] The present invention provides a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material and its preparation method. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, cemented carbide powder, high-chromium cast iron powder, and composite ceramic powder are wrapped outside a steel plate. The melting of the cemented carbide powder can form a firm protective layer that improves hardness and wear resistance. The melting of the high-chromium cast iron powder can form a high-temperature protective layer that enhances corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. The composite ceramic powder can form a reinforced wear-resistant layer that improves thermal shock resistance and friction resistance, thereby forming a multi-layer structure, and the three are mixed with each other, thus enhancing the overall wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability of the composite material.

[0029] 2. By adopting the method of wrapping the steel plate with powder in the present invention, the powder material can be evenly covered and combined with the steel plate, which not only enhances the overall stability of the material but also ensures the overall protection of the steel plate by different powders, improving properties such as high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. Compared with the single protection method of only coating treatment in the prior art, the wrapping structure of the present invention improves the bonding strength, making the protective layer more firm and not easily falling off.

[0030] 3. By adding nickel powder and copper powder to the protective layer in the present invention, the corrosion resistance and toughness of the composite material can be enhanced. Among them, nickel powder provides higher oxidation resistance, while copper powder improves the thermal conductivity and welding performance of the material. Compared with the composite layer that only uses wear-resistant materials in the prior art, the design of adding nickel powder and copper powder not only improves the adaptability of the material in high-temperature, high-humidity, and corrosive environments but also enhances its reliability and stability in complex working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the preparation method of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the specification of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] To better understand the present invention, the above content will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0034] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 : Example 1

[0035] Steps: Pretreatment of the steel plate: First, physically clean the surface of the steel plate with a steel brush to remove surface oxides and rust. Then, chemically clean the steel plate with a degreaser to remove oil stains and attached impurities. Finally, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the surface of the steel plate, with the pressure set at 250 bar to ensure the surface is clean.

[0036] Powder mixing: Use a planetary ball mill to mix 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 15 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), 5 parts of nickel powder, and 5 parts of copper powder. Set the ball mill rotation speed at 400 rpm and the mixing time at 1 hour. Ensure that all powders are evenly distributed to prevent material stratification.

[0037] Powder compaction: Pour the mixed powder into a mold and compact it under a pressure of 300 MPa. Set the compaction time at 1 minute. Leave a groove in the middle of the compacted powder for placing the steel plate. The purpose of this is to ensure that the outer layer of the steel plate is evenly wrapped with a protective layer.

[0038] Placing the steel plate: Put the steel plate into the powder groove, add the remaining powder again, and perform secondary compaction to ensure that the powder adheres tightly to the surface of the steel plate, forming a uniform protective layer.

[0039] Heating process: Use an induction heating furnace to heat the protective layer to 1000 °C for 8 minutes. After heating, the protective layer is tightly combined with the surface of the steel plate, and the powder material gradually melts and fuses with the steel plate.

[0040] Heat treatment: In the preheating stage, heat the composite material to 350 °C and keep it warm for 30 minutes. Then, heat it to 950 °C and hold for 2 hours. Finally, use natural cooling to slowly cool the material, with the cooling rate controlled at 15 °C / min to ensure no thermal cracks occur.

[0041] Example 2 Steps: Steel plate pretreatment: Use a sandblaster for steel plate surface treatment. Set the sandblasting pressure at 6 bar, the spraying angle at 75°, and the treatment time controlled within 5 minutes to remove surface rust and oxide layers. Then, thoroughly clean the surface of the steel plate with a degreaser and wash it with a water gun to ensure there are no impurities on the surface.

[0042] Powder mixing: Put 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 10 parts of nickel powder and 10 parts of copper powder into a planetary ball mill in proportion. Set the rotation speed to 300 rpm and the mixing time to 1.5 hours to ensure that the powder is evenly mixed and no stratification occurs.

[0043] Powder compaction: Pour the mixed powder into a mold and apply a pressure of 250 MPa for compaction. The compaction time is set to 1 minute to ensure that the powder layer tightly and evenly wraps around the outside of the steel plate, forming a dense protective layer.

[0044] Place the steel plate: After powder compaction, place the steel plate in the groove and cover it with powder again for secondary compaction. After the second compaction, ensure that a protective layer is formed on the surface of the steel plate.

[0045] Heating: Put the composite material into an induction heating furnace, set the heating temperature to 950 °C and the heating time to 6 minutes. Through the efficient heating method of induction heating, the protective layer and the surface of the steel plate are quickly combined, avoiding excessive melting and thermal damage of the material caused by overheating for too long.

[0046] Heat treatment: Perform heat treatment on the heated composite material. First, heat the material to 400 °C and keep it warm for 1 hour. Then raise the temperature to 1000 °C and keep it warm for 2 hours. Finally, cool it naturally, and control the cooling rate at 20 °C / min to ensure a stable temperature change and prevent cracks from occurring.

[0047] Example 3 Steps: Steel plate pretreatment: First, use a steel brush to remove oxides and dirt on the surface of the steel plate. Then, chemically clean the surface of the steel plate with a degreaser to remove oil stains. Finally, wash it with a high-pressure water gun, and set the pressure to 200 bar to ensure that the surface of the steel plate is clean and free of oil stains.

[0048] Powder mixing: Put 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 10 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of nickel powder, and 10 parts of copper powder into a planetary ball mill for mixing. Set the ball mill speed at 400 rpm and the mixing time at 1 hour to ensure uniform distribution and thorough mixing of the powders.

[0049] Powder Compaction: Pour the mixed powder into a mold and apply a pressure of 350 MPa for compaction. The compaction time is 1 minute to ensure the denseness of the protective layer, and there is a groove in the middle for placing the steel plate later.

[0050] Placing the Steel Plate: Put the steel plate into the pre-reserved groove, add powder again and compact it. Through this step, ensure that the powder evenly covers the steel plate to form a protective layer, enhancing the strength and stability of the overall material.

[0051] Heating: Put the composite material into an induction heating furnace, set the heating temperature at 1050 °C, and the heating time at 7 minutes to ensure sufficient bonding between the protective layer and the steel plate surface.

[0052] Heat Treatment: In the preheating stage, heat the material to 350 °C and hold for 0.5 hour. Then raise the temperature to 900 °C and hold for 2 hours. Finally, conduct natural cooling at a cooling rate of 15 °C / min to ensure that no excessive stress is generated during the cooling process of the material.

[0053] Example 4 Steps: Steel Plate Pretreatment: Conduct preliminary cleaning with sandpaper, then perform sandblasting with a sandblasting machine. Set the sandblasting pressure at 5 bar and the spraying angle at 60°. After sandblasting, chemically clean the steel plate with a degreaser to remove surface oil stains. Finally, clean it with a high-pressure water gun at a pressure of 250 bar to remove all residual impurities.

[0054] Powder Mixing: According to the ratio, put 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), 5 parts of copper powder, and 5 parts of nickel powder into a planetary ball mill for mixing. The mixing speed is 300 rpm and the time is 1 hour.

[0055] Powder Compaction: Put the mixed powder into the mold and apply a pressure of 250 MPa for compaction. The compaction time is set to 2 minutes. By compacting the powder, ensure its firm bonding with the steel plate surface and prevent powder shedding.

[0056] Placing the Steel Plate: Put the steel plate into the groove, add powder again for compaction, and ensure that the powder layer evenly covers the outside of the steel plate.

[0057] Heating: Place the composite material in an induction heating furnace, heat it to 950 °C, and the heating time is 6 minutes to ensure that the powder is fully melted and bonded with the steel plate surface.

[0058] Heat Treatment: Preheat the composite material to 400 °C and keep it warm for 0.5 hours, then heat it to 1050 °C and hold for 2 hours, and finally cool it naturally. The cooling rate is controlled at 10 °C / min to prevent cracks in the material.

[0059] Comparative Example 1 Steel Plate Pretreatment: Physically clean the steel plate surface with a steel brush to remove oxides, rust, and minor dirt. Then, chemically clean it with a degreaser to remove surface oil. Finally, wash the steel plate with a high-pressure water gun with a pressure set at 250 bar to ensure that there are no impurities on the steel plate surface.

[0060] Powder Mixing: Use a planetary ball mill to mix 10 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 15 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6 um), 5 parts of nickel powder, and 5 parts of copper powder. The ball mill rotation speed is set at 400 rpm, and the mixing time is 1 hour. Ensure that all powders are evenly distributed and prevent material stratification.

[0061] Powder Compaction: Pour the mixed powder into the mold and compact it with a pressure of 250 MPa. The compaction time is set to 1 minute to ensure that the powder layer tightly bonds with the steel plate surface.

[0062] Placing the Steel Plate: Put the steel plate into the powder groove, add the remaining powder again for the second compaction. Ensure that the powder evenly covers the steel plate surface to form a stable protective layer.

[0063] Heating Process: Use an induction heating furnace to heat the protective layer to 1000°C for 8 minutes to ensure that the powder material is completely melted and tightly bonded to the steel plate surface.

[0064] Heat treatment: In the preheating stage, heat the composite material to 350°C and hold for 30 minutes. Then, heat it to 950°C and hold for 2 hours. Finally, let the material cool slowly by natural cooling, with the cooling rate controlled at 15°C / min to ensure no stress concentration inside the material.

[0065] Comparative Example 2 Steel plate pretreatment: Use a steel brush to remove oxides, rust, and slight dirt on the steel plate surface. Then, perform chemical cleaning with a degreaser to remove surface oil stains. Next, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the steel plate to ensure no oil stains or chemical cleaning agent residues on the surface.

[0066] Powder mixing: Mix 20 parts of hard alloy powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 3 parts of nickel powder, and 3 parts of copper powder. Mix all the powders evenly using a planetary ball mill with a rotation speed of 300 rpm for 1 hour to ensure uniform distribution of powder particles.

[0067] Powder compaction: Pour the mixed powder into a mold and compact it under a pressure of 200 MPa for 2 minutes. Ensure that the powder layer evenly wraps the steel plate surface to form a protective layer.

[0068] Place the steel plate: Put the steel plate into the powder groove, add powder again and compact it. Ensure that the steel plate surface is evenly wrapped with powder and a protective layer is formed.

[0069] Heating process: Put the composite material into an induction heating furnace, set the heating temperature to 950°C, and heat for 7 minutes to ensure that the powder is completely melted and firmly bonded to the steel plate surface.

[0070] Heat treatment: In the preheating stage, heat the composite material to 350°C and hold for 30 minutes. Then, raise the heating temperature to 950°C and hold for 2 hours, and finally cool naturally with the cooling rate controlled at 15°C / min.

[0071] Comparative Example 3 Steel plate pretreatment: Use a steel brush to remove the oxide on the steel plate surface, then conduct chemical cleaning with a degreasing agent, and finally use a high-pressure water gun for cleaning to ensure that there is no oil stain or impurity on the surface.

[0072] Powder mixing: Mix 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 10 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), and 10 parts of copper powder. Use a planetary ball mill with a rotation speed of 400 rpm and set the mixing time to 1 hour.

[0073] Powder compaction: Pour the mixed powder into a mold, apply a pressure of 250 MPa for compaction, and the compaction time is 1 minute. Through this process, the powder layer evenly covers the steel plate surface to form a relatively thick protective layer.

[0074] Place the steel plate: Put the steel plate into the reserved groove, then add the remaining powder and conduct secondary compaction. Through high-pressure compaction, ensure that the powder evenly covers the steel plate surface to form a stable thick protective layer.

[0075] Heating process: Use an induction heating furnace to heat to 1000 °C, and the heating time is 8 minutes to ensure that the powder completely melts and firmly binds to the steel plate surface.

[0076] Heat treatment: The heat treatment process includes preheating to 350 °C and holding for 30 minutes; heating to 950 °C and holding for 2 hours; finally, natural cooling with a cooling rate of 15 °C / min.

[0077] Comparative example 4 Steel plate pretreatment: Same as the previous comparative example, use a steel brush, degreasing agent, and high-pressure water gun to clean the steel plate surface to ensure the surface is clean.

[0078] Powder mixing: Mix 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), and 5 parts of nickel powder according to the ratio, and use a planetary ball mill for mixing with a rotation speed of 400 rpm and a time of 1 hour.

[0079] Powder compaction: Pour the mixed powder into the mold, apply a pressure of 300 MPa for compaction, and the compaction time is 1 minute.

[0080] Place the steel plate: Put the steel plate into the powder groove, add powder again and compact it to ensure that the powder evenly covers the surface of the steel plate.

[0081] Heating process: Use an induction heating furnace to heat to 1000 °C, and the heating time is 8 minutes to ensure full bonding between the powder and the steel plate surface.

[0082] Heat treatment: Preheat to 350 °C, hold for 30 minutes, heat to 950 °C, hold for 2 hours, and finally cool naturally.

[0083] Comparative Example 5 Steel plate pretreatment: Use a steel brush to remove oxides, rust and slight dirt on the steel plate surface. Then, chemically clean the steel plate with a degreaser to remove surface oil. Next, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the steel plate to ensure that there is no oil or chemical cleaning agent residue on the surface.

[0084] Powder mixing: Mix 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), and 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6 um) using a planetary ball mill, set the rotation speed to 300 rpm, and set the mixing time to 1 hour to ensure uniform distribution of powder particles.

[0085] Powder compaction: Pour the mixed powder into the mold, apply a pressure of 250 MPa for compaction, and the compaction time is 1 minute.

[0086] Place the steel plate: Put the steel plate into the reserved groove, add the remaining powder and perform secondary compaction. Ensure that the powder layer evenly covers the surface of the steel plate to form a uniform protective layer.

[0087] Heating process: Put the composite material into an induction heating furnace, heat to 1000 °C, and set the heating time to 8 minutes to ensure that the powder completely melts and firmly bonds to the steel plate surface.

[0088] Heat treatment: In the preheating stage, the composite material is heated to 350 °C and maintained for 30 minutes. Then, the heating temperature is raised to 950 °C and maintained for 2 hours. Finally, natural cooling is carried out, and the cooling rate is controlled at 15 °C / min.

[0089] Comparative experiment: Experiment 1: Abrasion resistance test Purpose of the experiment The purpose of this experiment is to compare the abrasion resistance of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, and to verify the superiority of the multi-layer composite structure in terms of abrasion resistance. Through friction and wear tests, the mass loss, surface wear depth and hardness change of different materials under friction conditions are evaluated, so as to further understand the wear resistance of the composite material of the present invention.

[0090] Experimental procedure Material preparation Example 1: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 15 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), 5 parts of nickel powder and 5 parts of copper powder.

[0091] Comparative Example 1: 10 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 15 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), 5 parts of nickel powder and 5 parts of copper powder.

[0092] Test equipment A rotary abrasion resistance testing machine (such as a Taber type friction and wear machine) is used to conduct friction and wear tests on the samples. The friction material is a steel ball, and standard sandpaper is used for wear.

[0093] Experimental process Each sample is fixed on the wear testing machine, and the rotation speed is set at 50 rpm, and the test time is 1000 times of wear.

[0094] After each friction, record the mass change of the worn sample to evaluate the abrasion resistance.

[0095] Use a precision balance to measure the mass loss (g) of each sample, and record its scratch depth and surface flatness.

[0096] Data recording After each experiment, record the mass loss, wear depth, scratch depth and surface flatness of the sample.

[0097] Experimental data Table 1: Abrasion Resistance Test Data

[0098] Experiment Summary From the data in the table, it can be seen that Example 1 shows a lower mass loss (0.008 - 0.012 g), compared with Comparative Example 1 (mass loss of 0.022 - 0.030 g). In addition, the surface flatness of Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1, with smaller wear depth and scratch depth, indicating stronger abrasion resistance.

[0099] From a mechanistic perspective, the composite material of Example 1 has a multi-layer structure, in which the cemented carbide powder and the composite ceramic powder jointly form a strong anti-wear surface layer. This multi-layer structure not only increases the hardness of the material but also disperses the frictional force at multiple levels, thus effectively reducing wear concentration and excessive wear. The addition of nickel powder and copper powder improves the toughness of the material and provides better thermal conductivity in a high-temperature friction environment, which helps to maintain the stability of the material surface temperature and reduces wear caused by overheating.

[0100] The structure in Comparative Example 1 is relatively simple, and the ratio of cemented carbide powder to high-chromium cast iron powder is evenly distributed, lacking the multi-layer composite protection structure like that in Example 1. This single structure results in a lack of effective stress dispersion ability on the surface under high-friction conditions, easily causing deeper wear in local areas and ultimately leading to a higher mass loss.

[0101] In addition, the addition of ceramic powder in Example 1 not only provides anti-wear ability but also effectively disperses the heat generated by friction, thereby improving its stability in a high-temperature environment.

[0102] Experiment 2: Corrosion Resistance Test Experiment Purpose The main purpose of this experiment is to compare the corrosion resistance of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 in a corrosive environment and verify the durability of the composite material in a harsh environment. Through salt spray corrosion testing, the performance of the material surface after continuous exposure to a corrosive medium (such as salt spray) can be evaluated, and then the anti-corrosion effect of the multi-layer composite structure can be confirmed.

[0103] Experiment Steps Experiment Material Preparation Example 2: Cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 10 parts of nickel powder, and 10 parts of copper powder.

[0104] Comparative Example 2: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 15 parts of high chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 3 parts of nickel powder, and 3 parts of copper powder.

[0105] Corrosion test equipment The experiment was carried out using a salt spray corrosion test chamber. The concentration of sodium chloride solution in the chamber was 5%, the temperature was controlled at 35°C, and the salt spray pressure was set at 1.5 bar, meeting the ASTM-B117-19 standard.

[0106] Experimental procedure: Each sample was exposed to the salt spray environment for 48 hours.

[0107] During this period, the surface changes of each sample were observed regularly, especially whether there were signs of oxidation, rust, or other corrosion.

[0108] Measure and record the mass loss (g) and corrosion area (%) of each sample.

[0109] Data recording: Record the surface state after corrosion (oxidation, rust, etc.), and measure the mass change of the sample.

[0110] Record the surface damage after corrosion, and calculate the proportion of the corrosion area to the surface area of the sample.

[0111] Experimental data Table 2: Corrosion resistance test data

[0112] Experimental summary From the data in the table, it can be seen that the mass loss of Example 2 is generally low, and the corrosion area is significantly smaller than that of Comparative Example 2. Specifically, the mass loss of Example 2 is between 0.01 and 0.014 g, the corrosion area is generally low, and there is almost no significant rust on the surface. While the mass loss of Comparative Example 2 is higher, ranging from 0.018 to 0.023 g, and the corrosion area is larger, with obvious signs of rust. This indicates that the composite material of Example 2 exhibits more excellent corrosion resistance in the corrosion environment.

[0113] The nickel powder and copper powder in Example 2 form a multi-layer protective layer, and this hierarchical structure prevents the corrosive medium from quickly penetrating the material surface. The nickel powder and copper powder have extremely strong corrosion resistance and can effectively protect the material from the influence of the external environment. Especially in a high-temperature and humid salt spray environment, these high-hardness materials effectively disperse the external corrosion pressure and reduce the erosion of the material by corrosion. At the same time, tungsten and molybdenum in the cemented carbide powder have strong oxidation resistance and can further prevent oxidation.

[0114] In Comparative Example 2, due to the use of a lower content of nickel powder and copper powder, in the salt spray environment, the low content of nickel powder and copper powder fails to sufficiently enhance the corrosion resistance of the composite material. Instead, some rust spots are formed on the surface. The copper powder has strong conductivity, but it is prone to electrochemical corrosion under long-term corrosion conditions, thus accelerating the corrosion of the material.

[0115] Therefore, through mechanism analysis, it can be concluded that the combination of nickel powder and copper powder effectively improves the stability of the composite material in a corrosive environment. By forming a multi-layer protection structure, the material in Example 2 shows excellent corrosion resistance in the corrosion test. While the surface of Comparative Example 2 is vulnerable to corrosion, resulting in a higher mass loss and a larger corrosion area.

[0116] Experiment 3: High-temperature performance test Purpose of the experiment The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the performance differences between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 in a high-temperature environment, especially the heat resistance, hardness change and deformation under high temperature. By exposing the material to a high-temperature environment, its stability under thermal stress, the maintenance of hardness and the performance of deformation are tested to verify the reliability of the material of the present invention under high temperature.

[0117] Experimental procedure Preparation of experimental materials Example 3: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 10 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of nickel powder, and 10 parts of copper powder.

[0118] Comparative Example 3: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon carbide powder, particle size 6um), 10 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of copper powder.

[0119] High-temperature test equipment Use a high-temperature furnace to conduct a high-temperature tolerance test. Set the temperature to 900 °C and conduct a 5-hour high-temperature test. The temperature remains stable within 5 hours, and the samples are tested.

[0120] Experimental procedure: Place the samples into the high-temperature furnace and heat them to 900 °C. Set the heating time to 5 hours.

[0121] During the test, check the deformation of the samples once per hour and record the change in hardness of the samples. Use a Vickers hardness tester to measure the hardness at different positions on the surface of each sample.

[0122] After the test, measure and record the deformation of the samples. The deformation mainly includes changes in length, width, and thickness.

[0123] Data recording: Record the change in hardness (HV) of each sample during the test and measure the deformation of the samples (mm). The deformation includes changes in length, width, and thickness.

[0124] Experimental data Table 3: High-temperature performance test data

[0125] Experimental summary From the experimental data, it can be seen that the change in hardness of Example 3 under high-temperature conditions is generally small, with the hardness change range being -6 to -8 HV, indicating that it maintains good hardness stability in a high-temperature environment. In contrast, the hardness change range of Comparative Example 3 is larger, from -13 to -16 HV, showing that its hardness change is more significant at high temperatures, demonstrating weaker high-temperature stability.

[0126] At the same time, in terms of deformation, the deformation of the samples in Example 3 at high temperatures is small, with the deformation range being 0.01 to 0.02 mm, while the deformation of Comparative Example 3 is larger, with the deformation range being 0.04 to 0.06 mm. These data indicate that Example 3 exhibits good dimensional stability in a high-temperature environment. In contrast, the composite structure of Comparative Example 3 is more prone to deformation at high temperatures.

[0127] The composite material of Example 3 shows small hardness changes and deformations, mainly due to its multi-layer composite structure. The high hardness characteristics of the cemented carbide powder and the composite ceramic powder enable the surface to effectively resist deformation caused by thermal expansion and thermal stress under high-temperature conditions. The addition of nickel powder not only provides toughness but also plays a role in relieving thermal stress at high temperatures, further improving the high-temperature stability of the material.

[0128] The composite material of Comparative Example 3 is mainly composed of cemented carbide powder and high-chromium cast iron powder. This single structure relatively lacks the high-temperature resistance and hardness of ceramic powder, resulting in its susceptibility to thermal stress in a high-temperature environment and significant deformation. At the same time, it fails to effectively disperse thermal stress and avoid thermal expansion, thus leading to significant hardness loss and obvious deformation.

[0129] Therefore, the multi-layer composite structure in Example 3 effectively improves the performance of the material in a high-temperature environment by strengthening the surface hardness and enhancing toughness. In contrast, the structure of Comparative Example 3 lacks sufficient high-temperature stability and deformation resistance, resulting in poor high-temperature performance.

[0130] Experiment 4: Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Experiment Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to comprehensively evaluate the performance of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, mainly focusing on the comprehensive performance of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. By combining the tests of these three performances, the performances of the two composite materials under complex working conditions are comprehensively compared.

[0131] Experiment Steps Material Preparation Example 4: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), 5 parts of copper powder, and 5 parts of nickel powder.

[0132] Comparative Example 4: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), and 5 parts of nickel powder.

[0133] Wear Resistance Test Using a rotary wear testing machine (such as a Taber type friction and wear machine), the samples are subjected to friction and wear tests with standard steel balls. The rotation speed is set at 50 rpm, and the friction continues for 1000 times. Record the mass loss and surface wear of each sample.

[0134] Corrosion Resistance Test Using a salt spray corrosion test chamber, each sample is subjected to an accelerated corrosion test according to the ASTM-B117-19 standard. The concentration of sodium chloride solution in the chamber is 5%, the temperature is set at 35°C, the salt spray pressure is 1.5 bar, and each sample is exposed to the salt spray environment for 48 hours. Record the corrosion area and mass loss.

[0135] High-temperature performance test Put each sample into a high-temperature furnace, set the heating temperature to 900 °C, and the test time to 5 hours. After the experiment, use a Vickers hardness tester to measure the hardness change of each sample and observe its deformation situation.

[0136] Data recording Wear resistance: Record the mass loss (g) and wear depth (mm) of each sample.

[0137] Corrosion resistance: Record the corrosion area (%) and mass loss (g) of each sample.

[0138] High-temperature performance: Record the hardness change (HV) and sample deformation (mm).

[0139] Experimental data Table 4: Comprehensive performance evaluation data

[0140] Experimental summary It can be seen from the data in the table that Example 4 is superior to Comparative Example 4 in terms of various performances. The mass loss of Example 4 is generally smaller, the wear depth is shallower, and the surface wear is also lighter. Especially in the wear resistance test, the mass loss of Example 4 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 4, indicating that it has stronger wear resistance. In addition, the corrosion area of Example 4 is also smaller, and the hardness change is less, and the deformation is smaller, showing strong corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability.

[0141] Comparative Example 4 has a larger mass loss and a deeper wear depth, indicating that its anti-wear performance is poor. The corrosion area is larger and the degree of rust is higher, indicating that its corrosion resistance is weak. Although its hardness change is not large, due to the insufficient overall protection performance, its deformation is relatively large, showing poor high-temperature stability.

[0142] The multi-layer composite structure design of Example 4 enables different layers of the material to effectively disperse pressure during the friction process, reduce local wear, and thus significantly improve the wear resistance. The combination of cemented carbide powder and composite ceramic powder provides high hardness while also having strong antioxidant and corrosion resistance capabilities. Copper powder and nickel powder improve the toughness and thermal conductivity of the material in a high-temperature environment, avoiding material embrittlement caused by excessive temperature, which is crucial for improving high-temperature performance.

[0143] In Comparative Example 4, due to the lack of the auxiliary effect of copper powder, the heat distribution during the friction process of the material is uneven, and high-temperature points are likely to form on the surface, thus accelerating wear. Although high-chromium cast iron powder and cemented carbide powder are used, the corrosion resistance of the material is still limited. Especially in a corrosive environment, the oxide layer formed on the material surface fails to effectively protect the inner-layer metal, resulting in a large corrosion area. The absence of the multi-layer composite structure also makes the deformation of the material more obvious at high temperatures.

[0144] From these experimental results and mechanism analyses, it can be clearly seen that Example 4 is superior to Comparative Example 4 in terms of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature stability, etc., demonstrating the key role of the multi-layer composite structure in improving the comprehensive performance of the material.

[0145] Experiment 5: Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Experiment Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive performance of Example 4 and Comparative Example 5, including wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. Through the combination of these three tests, the influence of removing nickel powder and copper powder on the performance of the composite material is further verified, especially its performance under complex working conditions.

[0146] Experimental Procedures Material Preparation Example 4: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um), 5 parts of copper powder, and 5 parts of nickel powder.

[0147] Comparative Example 5: 20 parts of cemented carbide powder (W-Co type tungsten alloy powder (W 90%, Co 10%): Mo-Fe type molybdenum alloy powder (Mo 87%, Fe 13%) = 8:2), 20 parts of high-chromium cast iron powder (Cr25 high-chromium cast iron powder), 10 parts of composite ceramic powder (silicon nitride powder, particle size 6um).

[0148] Wear Resistance Test The test is carried out using a rotary wear testing machine, and the friction materials are standard steel balls and sandpaper. The samples are fixed on the testing machine, the rotation speed is set at 50 rpm, and continuous wear is carried out for 1000 times. Record the mass loss (g), wear depth (mm), and surface wear condition of each sample.

[0149] Corrosion Resistance Test Accelerated corrosion tests were conducted using a salt spray corrosion test chamber. The concentration of sodium chloride solution in the chamber was set at 5%, the temperature was controlled at 35 °C, the salt spray pressure was 1.5 bar, and each sample was exposed to the salt spray environment for 48 hours. After the test, indicators such as the corrosion area and mass loss were recorded.

[0150] High-temperature performance test Each sample was placed in a high-temperature furnace, the set temperature was 900 °C, and the test time was 5 hours. After the test, a Vickers hardness tester was used to measure the hardness change of the sample and check for deformation.

[0151] Data recording Wear resistance: Record data such as the mass loss (g) and wear depth (mm) of each sample.

[0152] Corrosion resistance: Record the corrosion area (%) and mass loss (g) of each sample.

[0153] High-temperature performance: Record the hardness change (HV) and deformation (mm) data.

[0154] Experimental data Table 5: Comprehensive performance evaluation data

[0155] Experimental summary From the data in the table, it can be clearly seen that Example 4 performed better than Comparative Example 5 in all performance tests. The mass loss of Example 4 was generally lower, the wear depth was shallower, and the surface wear was less. In addition, Example 4 had a smaller corrosion area, a lower degree of rust, a smaller hardness change, and a smaller deformation, indicating that it showed better stability in a high-temperature environment.

[0156] In contrast, Comparative Example 5 had a larger mass loss, a deeper wear depth, and a larger corrosion area, with a higher degree of rust, indicating that it performed poorly in terms of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. After removing nickel powder and copper powder, the overall performance of the material was greatly affected, especially in terms of wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the performance was more unsatisfactory.

[0157] Due to the lack of the auxiliary effect of nickel powder and copper powder in Comparative Example 5, the wear resistance of the material was poor, and heat accumulation was likely to occur during the friction process, resulting in increased wear. Although the combination of cemented carbide and high-chromium cast iron powder provided a certain anti-wear ability, due to the lack of protection on the surface layer of the material, corrosive media in the salt spray environment easily penetrated into the inner layer, leading to an increase in the corrosion area and surface damage.

[0158] Therefore, it can be concluded from experimental data and mechanism analysis that the multi-layer composite structure of Example 4 can provide superior comprehensive performance in terms of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance, while the design of removing nickel powder and copper powder results in a significant decline in the performance of the material of Comparative Example 5 in these aspects.

[0159] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material, characterized in that: It includes the following components in proportion by weight: Steel plate: 30-60 parts; Cemented carbide powder: 15-30 parts; High chromium cast iron powder: 10-20 parts; Composite ceramic powder: 10-20 parts; Nickel powder: 5-10 parts; Copper powder: 5 to 10 parts.

2. A multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cemented carbide powder includes a mixture of tungsten alloy powder and molybdenum alloy powder, and the mixing ratio of the two is (7-9): (1-3), and the particle size is 5-20um.

3. A multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high chromium cast iron powder includes one of Cr25 high chromium cast iron powder and Cr30 high chromium cast iron powder, and the particle size is 10 to 30 um. The composite ceramic powder includes one or more of silicon carbide powder, silicon nitride powder or chromium carbide powder, and the particle size is 1 to 10 um. The particle sizes of the nickel powder and the copper powder are both 10 to 50 um.

4. The multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cemented carbide powder, high chromium cast iron powder, composite ceramic powder, nickel powder and copper powder are mixed and used to wrap the outside of the steel plate to form a protective layer, and the ratio of the thickness of the protective layer to the thickness of the steel plate is (1-2): (1-3).

5. A method for preparing a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material, based on the multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Steel plate pretreatment, used to remove impurities on the steel plate surface; b. Powder mixing, mixing copper powder, nickel powder, composite ceramic powder, high chromium cast iron powder and cemented carbide powder; c. Powder compaction: compact the powder and reserve a groove in the middle for placing the steel plate; d. Place the steel plate, put the steel plate into the groove, then re-put the powder and compact it to form a protective layer that wraps the steel plate; e. Heat the protective layer to melt it and combine it with the steel plate; f. Heat treatment.

6. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step a, the steel plate pretreatment comprises the following steps: Mechanical cleaning: Use steel brushes, sandpaper, grinding wheels or sandblasting machines to remove oxides, rust and light dirt on the surface of the steel plate. The sandblasting pressure is controlled at 4 to 7 bar and the spray angle is 45° to 90°. Chemical cleaning: Use degreasing agent to clean the steel plate to remove surface oil and dirt; High-pressure water washing: After chemical cleaning, use a water gun to wash the surface of the steel plate at a pressure of 100 to 300 bar to remove water-soluble dirt, residual detergent and oil stains; Surface roughening: Use acidic phosphating solution to treat the surface of the steel plate, the immersion time is 15 to 25 minutes, or use a sandblasting machine or shot blasting machine to roughen the surface of the steel plate so that the surface roughness of the steel plate reaches an Ra value of 1 to 5μm.

7. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step b, a planetary ball mill is used for powder mixing, and the operating parameters are: rotation speed 200-500 rpm, time 0.5-1.5 h.

8. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step c and step d, the powder is compacted at a pressure of 200 to 300 MPa for a time of 1 to 2 minutes.

9. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step e, the protective layer is heated by using an induction heating furnace at a temperature of 900 to 1200° C. for 5 to 10 minutes, and then cooled naturally.

10. The method for preparing a multi-layer composite metal wear-resistant material according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step f, the heat treatment step comprises; Preheating: Heat the material to 300-500℃ and keep it warm for 0.5-1h; Heating: Heat the material to 800-1100°C and keep it for 1-3 hours; Cooling: Cool the material at room temperature, and the cooling rate is controlled at 10-50℃ / min.

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