A three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, its preparation method and application
A three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator was prepared by modifying cacti and sponges, optimizing the water transport path and light energy utilization, solving the problems of complex structure and light energy waste in existing systems, and achieving high-efficiency evaporation and salt resistance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUILIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
In existing solar interface evaporation systems, the water transport channel structure is complex, resulting in low evaporation efficiency and wasted light energy. The fact that the horizontal and vertical evaporation surface materials have the same hydrophilicity affects water transport and reduces evaporation efficiency.
Using cactus and sponge as base materials, Ppy/CTS@TP-Cactus and Ppy/CTS@TP-Sponge were prepared by modifying with tea polyphenols, coating with CTS solution and polymerizing with pyrrole. These materials were then intercalated to form a three-dimensional intercalated interface evaporator, optimizing the water transport path and light energy utilization.
It achieves comprehensive solar radiation energy acquisition, improves evaporation efficiency, with a water evaporation rate of 3.96 kg/m²/h, and has excellent salt resistance, making it easy to promote and apply.
Smart Images
Figure CN120039968B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of photothermal interface evaporation material preparation technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology
[0002] Seawater desalination, as an important way to increase freshwater sources, has seen significant progress in technologies such as reverse osmosis, multi-stage flash evaporation, and membrane distillation. However, challenges remain, including high costs, dependence on fossil fuels, and potential environmental problems. Solar energy, with its advantages of safety, environmental friendliness, renewability, sustainability, and low cost, has become an ideal choice for promoting seawater desalination. It can address the problem of freshwater scarcity while also contributing to environmental protection. In particular, interfacial evaporation technology utilizing solar energy, as a highly efficient, low-emission, and sustainable new method of water purification, has been widely applied in various fields such as seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, brine separation, and combined power generation and water production, playing a crucial role in addressing freshwater scarcity.
[0003] In the interfacial evaporation process of solar seawater desalination, the water transport from the bottom to the evaporation surface plays a crucial role. If the water supply rate is too low, insufficient water will result in a reduction in the water volume within the evaporator, thus decreasing evaporation efficiency. Conversely, if the water supply rate is too high, water will overflow onto the surface of the interfacial evaporation material, causing a drop in the evaporator surface temperature and further reducing the evaporation rate. Current solar interfacial evaporation systems typically employ complex structures to construct water transport channels. For example, they may use readily available three-dimensional porous materials such as sponges, wood, non-woven fabrics, or cotton cores as water transport media, or utilize 3D printing technology to create water channels. While these methods are effective, they increase system complexity, hindering large-scale deployment and application.
[0004] Among related technologies, the journal *Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering* discloses a PP-CS@ENR aerogel, which is achieved by controlling the one-sided deposition of polypyrrole (Ppy) through in-situ polymerization and then modifying it with hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS); the journal *Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects* discloses a polypyrrole aerogel, which is obtained by treating pyrrole monomers; Chinese invention patent application number 202411653876.6 discloses a three-dimensional polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel, which incorporates few-layer FLG and α-type Bi2O3 into the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and performs Ppy vapor deposition on the surface of the hydrogel to obtain a three-dimensional modified polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
[0005] In practical applications, PP-CS@ENR aerogel only has its top surface for receiving solar radiation, resulting in a single evaporation surface and wasted light energy. While polypyrrole aerogels also receive solar radiation from their sides in addition to the top surface, in practical applications, foam boards or EVA foam are often needed to fix them in the evaporation interface. However, foam boards do not have evaporation capabilities, leading to wasted light at the lateral evaporation interface. In polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels, although both the lateral and longitudinal interfaces can receive light, the evaporator is made entirely of a single material. This results in the lateral and longitudinal evaporation surfaces having the same hydrophilicity but different water transport distances, causing mutual interference between the water transport on the two surfaces and reducing evaporation efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by providing a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator with high evaporation efficiency and easy to promote.
[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, comprising the following steps:
[0008] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: After pretreating and softening the pulp of cactus and removing sugars and impurities, the pretreated cactus was immersed in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Cactus. Then, a photocatalytic solution CTS was prepared, and one end of TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus. Finally, the surface of CTS@TP-Cactus was coated with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus.
[0009] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, it is immersed in tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Sponge. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the surface of CTS@TP-Sponge and polymerization reaction is carried out in combination with oxidant solution to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge.
[0010] S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator.
[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, both cacti and sponges possess rich multi-scale porous structures and excellent water transport performance. Tea polyphenols are used as crosslinking agents to modify cacti and sponges, improving their thermal stability and mechanical properties. A CTS solution is coated onto the outer surface of both materials as a photocatalytic heat-insulating coating. Finally, polypyrrole is grown on the outer surface of both materials through chemical polymerization. Compared to the original direct carbonization, this avoids energy consumption and preserves the hydrophilicity of the materials, thereby improving their evaporation efficiency. The intercalation of the two materials results in different water transport distances on their lateral and longitudinal evaporation surfaces. This allows each material to be designed with a perfect water transport path based on its own hydrophilicity, without affecting each other. This provides a unique advantage in comprehensively acquiring solar radiation and environmental energy, maximizing energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the materials are readily available, the manufacturing method is simple, and it is easy to promote and apply.
[0012] Preferably, the preparation method includes the following steps:
[0013] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into pieces and put them into water. Heat and stir at 60-70℃. Wipe off the excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen, and freeze-dry it after cooling. Then immerse it in tea polyphenol solution for 2-3 hours. After immersion, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ to obtain TP-Cactus. Next, prepare photocatalytic solution CTS, immerse one end of TP-Cactus in CTS solution for 2-4 hours, and then take it out and dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ for 10-20 minutes to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus. Finally, coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with pyrrole solution. Then coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with 50-70mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus is obtained.
[0014] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, cut it into cylinders and immerse it in tea polyphenol solution for 2-3 hours. After immersion, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ to obtain TP-Sponge. Then, coat the surface of TP-Sponge with CTS solution and dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with pyrrole solution. Then, coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with 50-70mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.
[0015] S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into the mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 0-1cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 0.5-1.5cm.
[0016] Preferably, in the above preparation method, step S1 specifically comprises:
[0017] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus leaves and cut the pulp into 1cm*1cm*2cm pieces. Place the pieces in water and heat and stir at 65℃ and 600r / min for 36 hours, changing the water every four hours. After heating and stirring, wipe off excess water from the pulp and cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, place it in a freeze dryer for 20 hours of freeze drying. Then, immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2 hours. After immersion, remove it and dry it in a 60℃ oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, TP-Cactus is obtained. Then, prepare the photocatalytic solution CTS. One end of TP-Cactus was immersed in CTS solution for 2 hours to a depth of 1 cm. Then it was removed and dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes. It was then immersed in CTS solution again for 2 hours and dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution was coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus. Then, a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with added pyrrole. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained.
[0018] Preferably, in the above preparation method, the pyrrole solution coating in S1 is performed by using a pipette to uniformly coat the pyrrole solution onto the surface of the CTS layer of CTS@TP-Cactus, with a coating thickness of 1 cm. 2 Coat 40 μL.
[0019] Preferably, in the above preparation method, step S2 specifically comprises:
[0020] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, cut it into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. Immerse the sponge in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. After immersion, remove it and dry it in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hours. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge and dried in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hours. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge. Then, a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution is coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with added pyrrole. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.
[0021] Preferably, in the above preparation method, the coating method of the CTS solution in S2 is as follows: using a pipette to draw up the prepared CTS solution and uniformly coat it onto the surface of the TP-Sponge, with a coating thickness of 1 cm. 2 40 μL of pyrrole solution was applied; the pyrrole solution in S2 was applied by pipetting the solution evenly onto the surface of the CTS layer with added pyrrole, applying it every 1 cm. 2 Coat 40 μL.
[0022] Preferably, in the above preparation method, step S3 specifically comprises:
[0023] S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 0.5cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.
[0024] Preferably, in the above preparation method, the CTS solution in S1 and S2 is prepared as follows: 0.05g of nano-titanium dioxide particles, 0.25g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.07g of sodium dodecyl sulfate are added to 25ml of deionized water and magnetically stirred at 40°C for 1h with a stirrer speed of 600r / min.
[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the specific steps and condition parameters of the preparation method are optimized to improve the performance of the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator.
[0026] A second aspect of the present invention provides a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, which is obtained by any of the preparation methods described above.
[0027] A third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the above-described three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator in solar-driven interface evaporation and photothermal seawater desalination.
[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
[0029] 1. Both cacti and sponges possess abundant multi-scale porous structures and excellent water transport properties. Tea polyphenols were used as crosslinking agents to modify cacti and sponges, thereby improving their thermal stability and mechanical properties. CTS solution was coated onto the outer surface of both materials as a photocatalytic heat-insulating coating. Finally, polypyrrole was grown on the outer surface of both materials through chemical polymerization. Compared with the original direct carbonization, this method avoids energy consumption and retains the hydrophilicity of the materials, thus improving the evaporation efficiency of both materials.
[0030] 2. By using two materials in combination, the water transport distances of the horizontal and vertical evaporation surfaces are different, allowing each material to adaptively change the water transport path without affecting each other. This gives it a unique advantage in acquiring solar radiation and environmental energy from all directions, maximizing energy utilization efficiency.
[0031] 3. Under sunlight irradiation, the evaporator prepared according to this method achieved a water evaporation rate of 3.96 kg / m³. 2 / h, and the water evaporation rate in real seawater is still as high as 2.79 kg / m³. 2 / h, and also showed 1.77 kg / m in 25 wt% saline solution. 2 The water evaporation rate of / h demonstrates the excellent water evaporation effect and salt resistance of the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator.
[0032] 4. This invention creates a three-dimensional interfacial evaporator using modified sponge and modified cactus. The materials are readily available and the manufacturing method is simple. By combining two materials with different hydrophilicities, the water transport path and interfacial evaporation of the evaporator are perfectly balanced, and the solar radiation at the top is maximized. This provides a good strategy for the interfacial evaporation technology of solar seawater desalination to move from the laboratory to engineering applications, facilitating its promotion and application. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the water evaporation of the products prepared in Examples 1-3 of this application under sunlight;
[0034] Figure 2 The products prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 of this application are under sunlight (1000W / m²). 2 The evaporation rate curve of water in a beaker under irradiation over 1 hour.
[0035] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the rate of water evaporation of the product prepared in Example 2 of this application in the North Sea seawater and in sodium chloride aqueous solutions of 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, 20wt%, and 25wt%. Detailed Implementation
[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on their understanding of the technical solutions of this invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, should be covered within the protection scope of this invention.
[0037] The raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are as follows: The cactus was freshly purchased commercially; the sponge was cleaned using an old mop; tea polyphenols (CAS No.: 84650-60-2) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; nano-titanium dioxide particles (CAS No.: 13463-67-7, particle size 20nm) were provided by Maclean's; carbon nanotubes (CAS No.: 308068-56-7) were provided by Guilin Ruyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; sodium dodecyl sulfate (CAS: 151-21-3) was provided by Guilin Ruyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; ammonium persulfate (CAS: 7727-54-0) was provided by Guilin Ruyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and pyrrole solution (≥99%, abbreviated as py; CAS: 109-97-7) was provided by Guilin Ruyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
[0038] The information on the instruments and equipment is as follows: liquid nitrogen (liquid nitrogen) was provided by Guilin Xinhongyi Gas Co., Ltd., freeze dryer (LC-10N-60A) was provided by Lichen Technology Co., Ltd., oven (LC-101-3) was provided by Lichen Technology Co., Ltd., and magnetic stirrer (DF-101S) was provided by Lichen Technology Co., Ltd.
[0039] The abbreviations and corresponding Chinese terms in this application are as follows: Cactus, Tea Polyphenols (TP), Tea Polyphenols-Cactus (TP-Cactus), Catalytic Solution (CTS solution), Tea Polyphenols-Cactus Coated with Photocatalytic Thermal Solution (CTS@TP-Cactus), Polypyrrole (Ppy), Polypyrrole / Tea Polyphenols-Cactus Coated with Photocatalytic Thermal Solution (Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge), Sponge, Tea Polyphenols-Sponge (TP-Sponge), Tea Polyphenols-Sponge Coated with Photocatalytic Thermal Solution (CTS@TP-Sponge), Polypyrrole / Tea Polyphenols-Sponge Coated with Photocatalytic Thermal Solution (Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge).
[0040] For any other specific conditions not specified, follow the standard conditions or the manufacturer's recommendations. For reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all commercially available products.
[0041] I. Preparation Example
[0042] CTS solution preparation
[0043] Add 0.05g of nano-titanium dioxide particles, 0.25g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.07g of sodium dodecyl sulfate to 25ml of deionized water, place the mixture on a magnetic stirrer, and adjust the parameters as follows: stirrer speed 600r / min, temperature 40℃, and stir magnetically for 1h to obtain CTS solution. Prepare and use immediately.
[0044] II. Implementation Examples
[0045] Example 1
[0046] A method for preparing a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator includes the following steps:
[0047] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: After pretreating and softening the cactus pulp and removing sugars and impurities, the pretreated cactus was immersed in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Cactus. Then, a photocatalytic solution CTS was prepared, and one end of TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus. Finally, the surface of CTS@TP-Cactus was coated with a pyrrole solution and an oxidant solution to carry out a polymerization reaction to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus.
[0048] Specifically, peel a cactus leaf, cut the pulp into 1cm*1cm*2cm pieces, and place them in water. Heat and stir at 60℃ and 600r / min for 36 hours, changing the water every four hours. After heating and stirring, wipe off excess water from the pulp, cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5 minutes, and then freeze-dry it in a freeze dryer for 20 hours. Next, immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2 hours, and then dry it in a 50℃ oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. The final drying yields TP-C. Next, following the preparation example, a photocatalytic solution (CTS) was prepared. One end of the TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution for 1 hour to a depth of 1 cm. Then, it was removed and dried in a 50°C oven for 10 minutes. This process was repeated, immersing the TP-Cactus in the CTS solution for another 1 hour, followed by another 10-minute drying at 50°C. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution was applied to the CTS layer surface of the CTS@TP-Cactus using a pipette, applying it in 1 cm increments. 2 40 μL of the coating was applied, followed by coating the surface of the CTS layer containing pyrrole-added CTS@TP-Cactus with a 50 mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization for 1 h, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained.
[0049] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning, the sponge is immersed in a tea polyphenol solution to obtain TP-Sponge. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the surface of CTS@TP-Sponge and polymerization reaction is carried out in combination with oxidant solution to obtain Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge.
[0050] Specifically, after cleaning, the sponge was cut into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. These cylinders were then immersed in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. After immersion, they were removed and dried in a 70°C oven for 1 hour. This process was repeated twice. After the final drying, TP-Sponge was obtained. Then, CTS solution was coated onto the surface of the TP-Sponge using a pipette, applying it in 1 cm increments. 2 40 μL of the solution was coated and dried in a 50 °C oven for 1.5 h to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, pyrrole solution was coated onto the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge using a pipette, with each layer spaced 1 cm apart. 2 40 μL of the coating was applied, followed by coating the surface of the CTS layer containing pyrrole-added CTS@TP-Sponge with a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization for 1 h, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge was obtained.
[0051] S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator.
[0052] Reference Figure 1 Specifically, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 is used as the transverse photothermal material. Several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are drilled in Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 1cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.
[0053] Example 2
[0054] A method for preparing a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator includes the following steps:
[0055] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus leaves and cut the pulp into 1cm*1cm*2cm pieces. Place the pieces in water and heat and stir at 65℃ and 600r / min for 36 hours, changing the water every four hours. After heating and stirring, wipe off excess water from the pulp and cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, place it in a freeze dryer for 20 hours of freeze drying. Then, immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2 hours. After immersion, remove it and dry it in a 60℃ oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. After the first drying, TP-Cactus was obtained. Then, a photocatalytic solution CTS was prepared according to the preparation example. One end of the TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution for 2 hours, to a depth of 1 cm. It was then removed and dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes. This process was repeated, followed by a second immersion in the CTS solution for 2 hours, and then another 10 minutes of drying in a 60°C oven. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, a pyrrole solution was coated onto the CTS layer surface of the CTS@TP-Cactus using a pipette, with each 1 cm layer... 2 40 μL was coated; then a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated onto the surface of the CTS layer containing pyrrole-added CTS@TP-Cactus. After polymerization for 1 h, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained.
[0056] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, cut it into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. Immerse the sponge in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. After immersion, remove it and dry it in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hours. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge and dried in a 60°C oven for 0.5 hours. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge. Then, a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution is coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with added pyrrole. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.
[0057] S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 0.5cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.
[0058] Example 3
[0059] A method for preparing a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator includes the following steps:
[0060] S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus leaves and cut the pulp into 1cm*1cm*2cm pieces. Place the pieces in water and heat and stir at 70℃ and 600r / min for 36 hours, changing the water every four hours. After heating and stirring, wipe off excess water from the pulp and cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5 minutes. After cooling, place it in a freeze dryer for 20 hours of freeze drying. Then, immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. After immersion, remove it and dry it in a 70℃ oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. After drying, TP-Cactus was obtained. Then, a photocatalytic solution CTS was prepared according to the preparation example. One end of the TP-Cactus was immersed in the CTS solution for 2 hours, to a depth of 1 cm. It was then removed and dried in a 70°C oven for 10 minutes. This process was repeated, followed by a second immersion in the CTS solution for 1 hour, and then dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, a pyrrole solution was coated onto the CTS layer surface of the CTS@TP-Cactus using a pipette, with each 1 cm layer... 240 μL was coated; then a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated onto the surface of the CTS layer containing pyrrole-added CTS@TP-Cactus. After polymerization for 1 h, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained.
[0061] S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, cut it into cylinders with a height of 1 cm. Immerse the cylinders in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1 hour. After immersion, remove them and dry them in a 50°C oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of the TP-Sponge, and it is placed in a 70°C oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, use a pipette to coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with pyrrole solution, 1 cm apart. 2 40 μL of the coating was applied, followed by coating the surface of the CTS layer containing pyrrole-added CTS@TP-Sponge with a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization for 1 h, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge was obtained.
[0062] S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 0cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.
[0063] III. Comparative Examples
[0064] Comparative Example 1
[0065] The difference from Example 1 is that the height of the longitudinal photothermal material protruding on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 1 cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1.5 cm.
[0066] Comparative Example 2
[0067] The difference from Example 1 is that the height of the longitudinal photothermal material protruding on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 1 cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 0.5 cm.
[0068] IV. Performance Testing Experiment
[0069] 1. Water Evaporation Rate Detection Experiment
[0070] The three-dimensional interlocking interfacial evaporators prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were placed in beakers containing 100 mL of water and irradiated with simulated sunlight using a xenon lamp (Cel-S500) equipped with an AM1.5 filter; simultaneously, a solar energy meter (SM206-Solar) was used to calibrate and maintain the sunlight intensity at a level of 1000 W / m². 2 The interfacial evaporation capacity of the sample was measured by recording the mass loss of water in the beaker using an electronic balance (AX224ZH / E).
[0071] Water evaporation tests were conducted on the products obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, respectively. The changes in the mass of water in the beakers of different samples under sunlight irradiation time are shown in the following results. Figure 2 As shown.
[0072] The evaporation rate is derived from formula (1):
[0073]
[0074] Where Δm (kg) represents the mass change of the evaporation system, t (h) represents the evaporation time, and S (m 2 () represents the effective evaporation area of the evaporator.
[0075] Under sunlight irradiation, the evaporation rate of water in the beaker and different samples changed continuously with increasing irradiation time. As shown in the figure, the evaporation rate of each evaporator increased with increasing time. Among them, the water evaporation rate of the product obtained in Example 2 reached 3.96 kg / m³. 2 / h, which is higher than that of Examples 1, 3 and Comparative Examples 1-2, therefore Example 2 is the optimal embodiment of this method, thus proving that the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator of the present invention has excellent water evaporation effect.
[0076] 2. Salt tolerance test
[0077] Since Example 2 is the optimal embodiment of this method, the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator prepared in Example 2 was used for testing in this experiment. In order to study the effect of aqueous solutions with different salt concentrations on the evaporation performance of the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, sodium chloride aqueous solutions with mass fractions of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, and 25 wt% were prepared with deionized water and sodium chloride, respectively, and water evaporation experiments were conducted with the product prepared in Example 2. In addition, seawater from Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was also collected and water evaporation experiments were conducted with the product prepared in Example 2. The average salinity of the seawater was about 3.5 wt%.
[0078] The water evaporation rates of the evaporator prepared by this method under different salt concentrations are as follows: Figure 3As shown in the figure, the product obtained in Example 2 still exhibits a water evaporation rate as high as 2.79 kg / m³ in real seawater. 2 / h, and also showed 1.77 kg / m in 25 wt% saline solution. 2 The water evaporation rate of / h demonstrates the excellent salt resistance of the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator prepared by this method.
[0079] 3. Performance Comparison
[0080] Furthermore, comparing the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator prepared in Example 2 of this method with the water evaporation rate of other disclosed interface evaporation materials, it was found that the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator prepared by this method exhibits excellent performance in both water evaporation rate and salt tolerance, achieving a water evaporation rate of 3.96 kg / m³ in tap water. 2 The water evaporation rate per hour and the water evaporation rate in salt water of different concentrations exceed those of many photothermal materials reported in this field (see Table 1).
[0081] Table 1. Comparison of evaporation rates of materials in Example 2 with those in existing reports.
[0082]
[0083]
[0084] In summary, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional interfacial evaporator prepared by this method reaches 3.96 kg / m³ in pure water. 2 The evaporation rate is also excellent in brine, which proves that the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator prepared by this method has application prospects in the fields of solar-driven interface evaporation and photothermal seawater desalination.
[0085] This invention is the first to propose a three-dimensional interlocking solar interface evaporator composed of a transverse photothermal sponge and a longitudinal carbon-based photothermal material. It differs significantly from traditional interface evaporators, which currently struggle to maximize solar radiation and balance water transport with interface evaporation. This invention creates a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator using modified sponge and modified cactus. By interlocking two materials with different hydrophilicities—the transverse modified sponge and the longitudinal modified cactus—and adjusting the protrusion height and spacing of the longitudinal carbon-based photothermal material, the water transport distances on the transverse and longitudinal evaporation surfaces differ. This allows each material to adaptively change its water transport path without interfering with the others, thus providing a unique advantage in comprehensively acquiring solar radiation and environmental energy, maximizing energy utilization efficiency. This offers a promising strategy for the application of solar seawater desalination interface evaporation technology from the laboratory to practical engineering applications.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into pieces and put them into water. Heat and stir at 60-70℃. Wipe off the excess water from the pulp after heating and stirring, cool it with liquid nitrogen, and freeze-dry it after cooling. Then immerse it in tea polyphenol solution for 2-3 hours. After immersion, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ to obtain TP-Cactus. Next, prepare photocatalytic solution CTS, immerse one end of TP-Cactus in CTS solution for 2-4 hours, and then take it out and dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ for 10-20 minutes to obtain CTS@TP-Cactus. Finally, coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with pyrrole solution. Then coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with 50-70mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus is obtained. S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, cut it into cylinders and immerse it in tea polyphenol solution for 2-3 hours. After immersion, dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ to obtain TP-Sponge. Then, coat the surface of TP-Sponge with CTS solution and dry it in an oven at 50-70℃ for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain CTS@TP-Sponge. Finally, coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with pyrrole solution. Then, coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with 50-70mM ammonium persulfate solution. After polymerization, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into the mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 0-1cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 0.5-1.5cm.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S1. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus: Peel the cactus, cut the pulp of the leaves into 1cm*1cm*2cm pieces, and place them in water. Heat and stir at 65℃ and 600r / min for 36 hours, changing the water every four hours. After heating and stirring, wipe off the excess water from the pulp, cool it with liquid nitrogen for 3-5 minutes, and then freeze-dry it in a freeze dryer for 20 hours. Next, immerse it in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 2 hours, and then dry it in a 60℃ oven for 1 hour. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, TP-Cactus is obtained. Then, prepare the photocatalytic solution CTS. One end of TP-Cactus was immersed in CTS solution for 2 hours to a depth of 1 cm. Then it was removed and dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes. It was then immersed in CTS solution again for 2 hours and dried in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes. After drying, CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution was coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus. Then, a 60 mM ammonium persulfate solution was coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with added pyrrole. After polymerization for 1 hour, Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus was obtained.
3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pyrrole solution in S1 is applied by using a pipette to uniformly coat the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Cactus with a pyrrole solution applied every 1 cm. 2 Coat 40 μL.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2. Preparation of Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge: After cleaning the sponge, cut it into cylinders with a height of 1cm. Immerse the sponge in a 5% tea polyphenol solution for 1h. After immersion, remove it and dry it in a 60℃ oven for 0.5h. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, TP-Sponge is obtained. Then, CTS solution is coated on the surface of TP-Sponge and dried in a 60℃ oven for 0.5h. Repeat this process three times. After the last drying, CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained. Finally, pyrrole solution is coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge. Then, a 60mM ammonium persulfate solution is coated on the CTS layer surface of CTS@TP-Sponge with added pyrrole. After polymerization for 1h, Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge is obtained.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The CTS solution in S2 is applied as follows: A pipette is used to apply the prepared CTS solution evenly to the surface of the TP-Sponge, with a spacing of 1 cm. 2 40 μL of pyrrole solution was applied; the pyrrole solution in S2 was applied by pipetting the solution evenly onto the surface of the CTS layer with added pyrrole, applying it every 1 cm. 2 Coat 40 μL.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3, Embedding: Using the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge prepared in S2 as the transverse photothermal material, several 1cm*1cm*1cm mounting holes are drilled in the Ppy / CTS@TP-Sponge. The Ppy / CTS@TP-Cactus prepared in S1 is used as the longitudinal photothermal material and is embedded into several mounting holes one by one to obtain a three-dimensional embedded interface evaporator. The protrusion height of the longitudinal photothermal material on the upper surface of the transverse photothermal material is 0.5cm, and the spacing between each longitudinal photothermal material is 1cm.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CTS solutions in S1 and S2 are prepared as follows: 0.05g of nano-titanium dioxide particles, 0.25g of carbon nanotubes, and 0.07g of sodium dodecyl sulfate are added to 25 ml of deionized water and magnetically stirred at 40°C for 1 h with a stir bar speed of 600 r / min.
8. A three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator, characterized in that: It is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-7.
9. The application of the three-dimensional interlocking interface evaporator according to claim 8 in solar-driven interface evaporation and photothermal seawater desalination.