Multi-element charcoal-based fertilizer for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases and preparation method of multi-element charcoal-based fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases and a preparation method of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizers. The multi-element charcoal-based fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, a multi-element charcoal-based microbial agent and attapulgite powder. The multi-element biochar-based microbial agent is prepared from biochar and a multi-element microbial agent, the biochar is obtained by carbonizing beet molasses yeast waste residues; the strains for preparing the multi-element microbial agent comprise an azo pseudomonas strain, bacillus subtilis and a candida tropicalis strain; the effective viable count of the multi-element microbial agent is greater than or equal to 0.5 billion / mL. The prepared multi-element charcoal-based fertilizer has the effect of preventing and treating wheat soil-borne diseases, the prevention and treatment effects on wheat stem rot and wheat sharp eyespot both reach 80% or above, application of chemical pesticides can be reduced, money and labor are saved, and environmental pollution can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of biochar-based fertilizers, and more specifically relates to a multi-component biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is one of the main food crops. Maintaining stable and high yields of wheat is of great significance for the development of modern agriculture. The production of wheat is severely restricted by pests and diseases, and wheat soil-borne diseases are becoming increasingly serious, mainly wheat basal rot and sheath blight. This leads to a decrease in wheat yield and poor quality. Therefore, preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases has become the key to improving wheat yield and quality. The pathogens of wheat basal rot mainly include Fusarium pseudograminearum, F. graminearum, and F. culmorum. The pathogens of wheat sheath blight are Rhizotonia cerealis and Rhizotonia solani. These diseases have become important factors affecting the yield and quality of wheat in China. In particular, the incidence of wheat basal rot has been increasing year by year in recent years and has become the main disease affecting the safe production of wheat. At present, chemical pesticides are still the main method for preventing and controlling wheat basal rot and sheath blight. However, the use of chemical pesticides will cause certain pollution to the environment, and improper use will also harm people's physical health. Moreover, the long-term use of chemical pesticides will also make the pathogens develop drug resistance. Therefore, biological control of wheat basal rot and sheath blight has become one of the main methods.

[0003] At present, there are many single-strain wheat fungicides, and there is little research on multi-strain composite fungicides for the comprehensive prevention and control of wheat basal rot and sheath blight. The existing wheat fungicides have a short survival time in the soil, a short action period, and poor disease resistance effects. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a wheat fungicide that has a long survival time in the soil, a more lasting effect, can provide the necessary nutrient elements for crop growth, promote crop growth, and improve the disease resistance of crops themselves. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-component biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, and to prepare a wheat fungicide that has a long survival time in the soil, a more lasting effect, can provide the necessary nutrient elements for crop growth, promote crop growth, and improve the disease resistance of crops themselves, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases and increasing wheat yield.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention: Provide a multi-component biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases, comprising the following preparation raw materials in mass percentage:

[0007] Urea 27-40%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 15-25%, potassium sulfate 15-25%, multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant 18-30% and attapulgite powder 5-10%;

[0008] The multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant is prepared from biochar and a multi-component microbial inoculant;

[0009] The biochar is obtained by carbonizing beet molasses yeast waste residue;

[0010] The strains for preparing the multi-component microbial inoculant include Pseudomonas azotifigens strain, Bacillus subtilis strain and Candida tropicalis strain; the effective viable count of the multi-component microbial inoculant ≥ 500 million / mL.

[0011] Preferably, the preparation of the biochar comprises the following steps:

[0012] Sequentially drying and carbonizing the beet molasses yeast waste residue to obtain the biochar;

[0013] The temperature of the carbonization is 480-520 °C, further preferably 500 °C, and the time of carbonization is 4-6 h.

[0014] Preferably, the ratio of the colony forming unit numbers of the Pseudomonas azotifigens strain, Bacillus subtilis strain and Candida tropicalis strain is 0.1-1:0.1-1:0.1-1.

[0015] The present invention provides a green and environment-friendly multi-component biochar-based fertilizer that has both microbial activity, can release nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can also effectively prevent and control wheat soil-borne diseases. Among them, the cultivation of Pseudomonas azotifigens strain, Bacillus subtilis strain and Candida tropicalis strain has no special nutritional requirements, and there is no antagonism between the strains. The combined use can antagonize a variety of pathogenic bacteria at the same time, and also has the effect of promoting crop growth, significantly improving the control effect of the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer on wheat soil-borne diseases, especially wheat basal rot and wheat sheath blight; in addition, urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate can provide nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, promote crop growth, and improve the disease resistance of crops themselves.

[0016] The present invention prepares biochar from molasses yeast waste residue, which can promote the effective utilization of the waste residue and reduce the environmental pollution caused by the waste residue. In addition, preparing biochar from molasses yeast waste residue can enrich the pore structure of the obtained biochar and increase the content of surface active groups in the biochar; the characteristics of the obtained biochar with a rich pore structure and a large number of active groups on the surface ensure that its microecological environment is rich and has the activity of fermentable substances, providing a stable habitat for the multi-component microbial inoculant, protecting the microorganisms from the adverse soil environment, and being beneficial to the survival and reproduction of the loaded multi-component microbial inoculant. Therefore, it is ensured that the disease-resistant composite microbial flora applied to the soil has high activity, a large number, and a long disease-resistant duration, significantly extending the effective time of the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer.

[0017] The second technical solution of the present invention: provides a preparation method of the above multi-component biochar-based fertilizer, including the following steps:

[0018] Preparation of the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant: Mix the Pseudomonas azotifigens strain, Bacillus subtilis strain, Candida tropicalis strain and molasses aqueous solution and conduct the first cultivation to obtain the multi-component microbial inoculant; place the multi-component microbial inoculant and biochar in a microbial inoculant culture solution for the second cultivation to obtain the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant;

[0019] Preparation of the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer: Coating urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate and the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant, adding attapulgite powder during the coating, and spraying a polyvinyl alcohol solution to obtain the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer.

[0020] Preferably, the mass ratio of molasses to water in the molasses aqueous solution is 1-2:90-100, and the molasses includes beet molasses; the total mass of the Pseudomonas azotifigens strain, Bacillus subtilis strain and Candida tropicalis strain and the mass of molasses in the molasses aqueous solution are in a ratio of 1:1-2; the temperature of the first cultivation is 20-30 °C, and the time of the first cultivation is 8-12 d.

[0021] Preferably, the microbial inoculant culture solution is a sugar aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3.5-4.5, and the sugar in the sugar aqueous solution is beet white sugar; the mass ratio of the multi-component microbial inoculant to biochar is 1:1-5; the temperature of the second cultivation is 20-30 °C, and the time of the second cultivation is 12-36 h.

[0022] Further, the second cultivation is a constant-temperature shaker oscillation cultivation, and the rotation speed is 180-220 r / min.

[0023] Preferably, the particle size of the biochar < 2 mm; the moisture content of the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant < 8 wt%.

[0024] Further, the mass concentration of the polyvinyl alcohol solution is 3-5%.

[0025] The present invention has no special limitation on the dosage of the polyvinyl alcohol solution, as long as the film coating is completed.

[0026] Further, the rotation speed of the film coating is 60-70 r / min, and the film coating time is 20-40 min.

[0027] The third technical solution of the present invention: Provide the application of the above-mentioned multi-component biochar-based fertilizer in the field of wheat cultivation.

[0028] The fourth technical solution of the present invention: Provide a method for preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases, including the following steps: applying the above-mentioned multi-component biochar-based fertilizer during wheat cultivation;

[0029] The application amount of the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer is 40-50 kg / mu.

[0030] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0031] 1. The multi-component biochar-based fertilizer prepared by the present invention has the function of preventing and controlling wheat soil-borne diseases, can reduce the application of chemical pesticides, save money and labor, and can reduce environmental pollution;

[0032] 2. The multi-component biochar-based fertilizer prepared by the present invention has the function of preventing and controlling both wheat stem base rot and wheat sheath blight, and the prevention and control effect reaches more than 80%;

[0033] 3. The present invention uses beet molasses yeast waste residue to prepare biochar. The obtained biochar has a rich pore structure and a large number of active groups on the surface, making its micro-ecological environment rich and having the activity of fermented substances, providing a stable habitat for the multi-component microbial agent, protecting the microorganisms from the adverse soil environment, being beneficial to the survival and reproduction of the loaded multi-component microbial agent, thereby ensuring that the disease-resistant composite microbial flora applied to the soil has high activity, a large number, and a long disease-resistant duration, and significantly extending the time limit for the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer to play a role. Specific Embodiments

[0034] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0035] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are merely for describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0037] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and variations can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0038] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0039] The molasses yeast residue involved in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention is the substance obtained by drying the residue liquid after the production of yeast from molasses.

[0040] The Pseudomonas azotoformans strain HPS-211 involved in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention was provided by the Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and has been disclosed in the literature "CN117844703A". It was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on January 10, 2023, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 2023059; the Bacillus subtilis strain QK-1 was provided by the Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and has been disclosed in the literature "CN113881599A". It was deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection on August 6, 2021, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 2021996; the Candida tropicalis strain, with the deposit number CCTCC AY92045, was purchased from Hubei Qiming Bioengineering Co., Ltd. and has been disclosed in the literature "CN102838389A"; the implementation of the technical solution of the present invention does not solely rely on the Pseudomonas azotoformans strain, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida tropicalis strain with the above specific purchase channels, sources, and specific strain numbers to be completed. Pseudomonas azotoformans strains, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida tropicalis strains from other purchase channels and sources can also achieve the present invention.

[0041] The common compound fertilizer involved in the experimental examples of the present invention was purchased from Huaqiang Chemical Group Co., Ltd., and the contents of N, 2 O 5 、K 2 O are 18 wt%, 7 wt%, and 11 wt% respectively.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This example provides the preparation of a multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) Preparation of activated biochar: The residue liquid after producing yeast using beet molasses is spray-dried to obtain beet molasses yeast waste residue, which is placed in a biochar preparation furnace and carbonized at 500 °C for 4 h to obtain biochar. The biochar is crushed and then sieved through a 2 mm sieve to obtain the undersize for standby (the performance parameters of the obtained biochar are shown in Table 1);

[0045] (2) Preparation of the multi-component microbial inoculant: The Pseudomonas azotoformans strain, Bacillus subtilis strain, and Candida tropicalis strain are mixed with beet molasses and deionized water according to the colony-forming unit (CFU) number ratio of 1:1:1, and cultured in a sealed manner at 25 °C for 12 d to obtain a multi-component microbial inoculant with an effective viable count of 500 million / mL;

[0046] (3) Preparation of the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant: The biochar prepared in step (1) and the multi-component microbial inoculant prepared in step (2) are added to the inoculant culture solution (i.e., 4 wt% sugar water: 4 g of beet sugar dissolved in 96 g of deionized water) at a mass ratio of 2:1, and then placed in a constant-temperature shaker at 25 °C. The rotation speed is set at 200 r / min, and after shaking for 24 h, it is taken out, and then made into a multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant with a moisture content of 6 wt% through vacuum spray drying.

[0047] Table 1 Performance Parameters of Biochar

[0048]

[0049] Example 2

[0050] This example provides the preparation of a multi-component biochar-based fertilizer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0051] Weigh urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, and the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant prepared in Example 1 at a mass ratio of 4:2:2:2, and put them into a BY-300 small-scale coating machine. Then add attapulgite powder accounting for 8% of the total mass of the raw materials (except the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution) as a regulator, set the rotation speed of the coating machine at 65 r / min and stir for 30 min. After the materials are fully mixed, evenly spray a 4 wt% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (binder) to make the materials granulate, and thus obtain the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer.

[0052] The biochar content of the fertilizer prepared above is ≥9%, the effective viable count is ≥100 million / g, and the contents of N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O are 19 wt%, 9 wt%, and 7 wt% respectively, the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ≥35%, the moisture content is ≤5 wt%, and other indicators all meet the national standard of biochar-based fertilizer: NY / T 3041-2016.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This example provides the preparation of a multi-component biochar-based fertilizer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0055] Weigh urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate, and the multi-component biochar-based microbial inoculant prepared in Example 1 at a mass ratio of 3:2:2:3, and put them into a BY-300 small-scale coating machine. Then add attapulgite powder accounting for 8% of the total mass of the raw materials (except the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution) as a regulator, set the rotation speed of the coating machine at 65 r / min and stir for 30 min. After the materials are fully mixed, evenly spray a 4 wt% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution (binder) to make the materials granulate, and thus obtain the multi-component biochar-based fertilizer.

[0056] The fertilizer produced above has a biochar content of ≥9%, an effective viable bacteria count of ≥120 million / g, and the contents of N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 The contents of O are 17wt%, 8wt%, and 10wt% respectively. The total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is ≥35%, the moisture content is ≤5wt%, and other indicators all meet the national standard for biochar-based fertilizers: NY / T 3041-2016.

[0057] Field application effect test example 1

[0058] In the main wheat-producing area of Lishan Town, Suixian County, Hubei Province (113°22′18″E, 31°43′21″N), in the main wheat-producing area, 6 plots with uniform soil properties and medium soil fertility were selected and grouped into experimental fields A, B, C, D, E and a control field. The wheat planted in the 6 experimental fields was treated as follows. Except for different fertilization measures, other tillage, rotary tillage, sowing, weeding, pest and disease control, and mechanical harvesting methods were the same.

[0059] The test was set up as follows:

[0060] Experimental field A (1 mu): Apply 50 kg of the biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in Example 2 per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0061] Experimental field B (1 mu): Apply 50 kg of the biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in Example 3 per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0062] Experimental field C (1 mu): Apply 10 kg of the biochar prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0063] Experimental field D (1 mu): Apply 10 kg of the compound microbial inoculant prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0064] Experimental field E (1 mu): Apply 10 kg of the biochar-based compound microbial inoculant prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0065] Control field (1 mu): Apply 50 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat.

[0066] For each experimental plot, the ten-point sampling method was used, with 10 plants sampled at each point. The wheat basal rot and sheath blight were investigated, and the incidence rate and control rate were recorded and statistically analyzed. The calculation methods are as follows:

[0067] Incidence rate (%) = (Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants investigated) × 100%;

[0068] Control rate (%) = ((Incidence rate in the control plot - Incidence rate in the experimental plot)) / Incidence rate in the control plot × 100%.

[0069] After the wheat was harvested, the experimental plots were harvested separately, and the wheat grain yield in the wheat fields was recorded, and the yield increase rate was calculated. The calculation method is as follows:

[0070] Yield increase rate (%) = ((Wheat grain yield in the experimental plot - Wheat grain yield in the control plot) / Wheat grain yield in the control plot) × 100%.

[0071] The test results are shown in Tables 2, 3 and 4.

[0072] Table 2 Effects of fertilizers in the examples and comparative examples on controlling wheat basal rot

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Table 3 Effects of fertilizers in the examples and comparative examples on controlling wheat sheath blight

[0076] Group Number of investigated plants Sheath blight incidence (%) Control rate (%) Test field A 100 3 92.68 Test field B 100 5 87.80 Test field C 100 21 48.78 Test field D 100 18 56.10 Test field E 100 11 73.17 Control field 100 41 -

[0077] Table 4 Effects of fertilizers in the examples and comparative examples on wheat yield

[0078] Treatment Field area Wheat grain yield (kg / mu) Yield increase rate (%) Test field A 1 mu 397.06 34.08 Test field B 1 mu 389.50 31.53 Test field C 1 mu 321.75 8.65 Test field D 1 mu 350.55 18.37 Test field E 1 mu 367.35 24.05 Control field 1 mu 296.14 -

[0079] From the test results in Tables 2, 3 and 4, it can be seen that when the test was carried out in the main wheat production area of Xingqi Community, Lishen Town, Sui County, Hubei Province (113°22′18″E, 31°43′21″N), the biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve the control effect of basal rot, and the control rate can reach up to 90.48% at most; it can significantly improve the control effect of wheat sheath blight, and the control rate can reach up to 92.68% at most. After the wheat was harvested, the highest yield in the experimental plot can reach 397.06 kg / mu, and the highest yield increase rate can reach 34.08%. Compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer of the prior art, it has significant technological progress.

[0080] Field application effect test example 2

[0081] In the main wheat production area of Huanglin Village, Huantan Town, Suixian County, Hubei Province (113°5′30″E, 31°46′20″N), six plots of land with uniform soil properties and medium soil fertility were selected and grouped into experimental fields A, B, C, D, E and a control field. The wheat planted in the six experimental fields was treated as follows. Except for different fertilization measures, other tillage, rotary tillage, sowing, weeding, pest and disease control, and mechanical harvesting methods were the same.

[0082] The experiments were set up as follows:

[0083] Experimental field A (1 mu): Apply 50 kg of the biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in Example 2 per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0084] Experimental field B (1 mu): Apply 50 kg of the biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer prepared in Example 3 per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0085] Experimental field C (1 mu): Apply 10 kg of the biochar prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0086] Experimental field D (1 mu): Apply 10 kg of the compound microbial inoculant prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0087] Experimental field E (1 mu): Apply 10 kg of the biochar-based compound microbial inoculant prepared in Example 1 + 40.0 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat;

[0088] Control field (1 mu): Apply 50 kg of ordinary compound fertilizer (commercially available) per mu at the time of wheat sowing, and top-dress 5 kg of urea at the jointing stage of wheat.

[0089] For each experimental field, the ten-point sampling method was used, with 10 plants sampled at each point. The wheat basal rot and sheath blight were investigated, and the incidence rate and control rate were recorded and statistically analyzed. The calculation methods are as follows:

[0090] Incidence rate (%) = (number of diseased plants / total number of investigated plants) × 100%;

[0091] Control rate (%) = ((incidence rate of the control field - incidence rate of the experimental field)) / incidence rate of the control field × 100%.

[0092] After the wheat was harvested, the experimental fields were harvested separately, and the wheat grain yield of the wheat fields was recorded, and the yield increase rate was calculated. The calculation method is as follows:

[0093] Yield increase rate (%) = ((Grain yield of wheat in the experimental field - Grain yield of wheat in the control field) / Grain yield of wheat in the control field) × 100%.

[0094] The test results are shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7.

[0095] Table 5 Effects of fertilizers in examples and comparative examples on controlling wheat basal rot

[0096] Group Number of investigated plants Basal rot incidence (%) Control rate (%) Test field A 100 2 93.75 Test field B 100 3 90.63 Test field C 100 16 50.00 Test field D 100 13 59.38 Test field E 100 9 71.88 Control field 100 32 -

[0097] Table 6 Effects of fertilizers in examples and comparative examples on controlling wheat sheath blight

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Table 7 Effects of fertilizers in examples and comparative examples on wheat yield

[0101] Treatment Field area Wheat grain yield (kg / mu) Yield increase rate (%) Test field A 1 mu 372.17 32.79 Test field B 1 mu 365.61 30.45 Test field C 1 mu 305.69 9.07 Test field D 1 mu 329.26 17.48 Test field E 1 mu 345.72 23.35 Control field 1 mu 280.27 -

[0102] It can be seen from the test results in Tables 5, 6 and 7 that when the test was carried out in the main wheat production area of Huanglin Village, Huantan Town, Suixian County (113°5′30″E, 31°46′20″N), the main wheat production area in Hubei Province, the biochar-based compound microbial fertilizer of the present invention can significantly improve the control effect of wheat basal rot, and the control rate can reach up to 93.75%; it can significantly improve the control effect of wheat sheath blight, and the control rate can reach up to 92.31%. After wheat harvest, the highest yield in the experimental field can reach 372.17 kg / mu, and the highest yield increase rate can reach 32.79%. Compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer of the prior art, it has significant technological progress.

[0103] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is to illustrate the differences from other embodiments. For the same and similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0104] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-element biochar-based fertilizer for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of wheat, characterized in that: The preparation comprises the following raw materials in mass percentage: Urea 27-40%, diammonium phosphate 15-25%, potassium sulfate 15-25%, multi-biochar-based microbial agent 18-30% and attapulgite powder 5-10%; The multi-biochar-based microbial agent is prepared from biochar and multi-microbial agents; The biochar is obtained by carbonizing sugar beet molasses yeast waste; The strains used to prepare the polymicrobial agent include azo pseudomonas strains, subtilis strains and tropical candida strains; the effective live bacteria count of the polymicrobial agent is ≥500 million / mL.

2. The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation of the biochar comprises the following steps: The beet molasses yeast waste residue is dried and carbonized in sequence to obtain the biochar; And / or, the carbonization temperature is 480-520° C., and the carbonization time is 4-6 hours.

3. The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the colony forming units of the azopseudomonas strain, the subtilis strain and the tropical candida strain is 0.1-1:0.1-1:0.1-1.

4. The method for preparing the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Preparation of multi-component biochar-based microbial agent: Pseudomonas azobacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Candida tropicalis and molasses aqueous solution are mixed and cultured for the first time to obtain the multi-component microbial agent; the multi-component microbial agent and biochar are placed in a microbial agent culture solution for a second culture to obtain the multi-component biochar-based microbial agent; Preparation of multi-biochar-based fertilizer: urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate and the multi-biochar-based microbial agent are mixed and coated, attapulgite powder is added during the coating process, and polyvinyl alcohol solution is sprayed to obtain the multi-biochar-based fertilizer.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of molasses to water in the molasses aqueous solution is 1-2:90-100, and the molasses includes beet molasses; and / or, the mass ratio of the total mass of the Pseudomonas azogenes, the Bacillus subtilis and the Candida tropicalis strain to the molasses in the molasses aqueous solution is 1:1-2; and / or, the temperature of the first culture is 20-30°C, and the time of the first culture is 8-12 days.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inoculum culture solution is a sugar aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 3.5 to 4.5, and the sugar in the sugar aqueous solution is beet sugar; and / or, the mass ratio of the polymicrobial inoculum to biochar is 1:1 to 5; and / or, the temperature of the second culture is 20 to 30°C, and the time of the second culture is 12 to 36 hours.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the biochar is less than 2 mm; and / or the moisture content of the multi-component biochar-based microbial agent is less than 8 wt %.

8. Use of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the field of wheat planting.

9. A method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of wheat, characterized in that: The steps include: The multi-element biochar-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is applied during wheat planting.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The application amount of the multi-element biochar-based fertilizer is 40 to 50 kg / mu.

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