Horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange equipment with cold charging and releasing balance

Abstract

The invention discloses a cold charge and release balanced horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device which comprises a middle barrel and end sockets located at the two ends of the middle barrel, each end socket is provided with a secondary refrigerant inlet and a secondary refrigerant outlet, a phase change cold storage module is arranged in the middle barrel and composed of a plurality of stacked cold storage plates, and the cold storage plates are arranged in the middle barrel. A cold storage pipe is arranged in a cavity between the phase change cold storage module and the middle barrel. The thickness and the plate spacing of the cold storage plate are uniquely designed, the plate body thickness of the cold storage plate is gradually reduced in the flowing direction of a secondary refrigerant, and meanwhile, the flow speed of the secondary refrigerant is consistent or the flow speed of the secondary refrigerant is higher, so that the time for completing cold filling can be consistent before and after, and the cold storage plate is prevented from completing phase change; the back cold storage plate has no phase change, so that the cold charging time of the whole heat exchanger is longer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cold storage equipment, and particularly to a horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange equipment with balanced cold charging and discharging. Background Art

[0002] To make full use of electric power resources, cold storage air conditioners are thus favored by people. Currently, water cold storage equipment and ice cold storage equipment have been developed in the market. Both of the above two types utilize the peak-valley electricity price difference to store cold / heat during the low electricity price period and use the stored cold / heat to provide air conditioning cold / heat during the peak electricity consumption period during the day. When the air conditioning usage time is synchronized with the non-air conditioning usage time and the power grid peak and valley, the air conditioning electricity consumption during the power grid peak time can be transferred to the low grid valley time for use.

[0003] Reference 1: Chinese patent document with publication number CN 218155687 U

[0004] Reference 1 describes a cold storage tank. Inside the cold storage tank, several cold storage units and flow deflectors are provided; the inside of the cold storage unit is hollow and can be filled with phase change materials; the flow deflectors are respectively arranged at the upstream end and the downstream end inside the cold storage tank; the several cold storage units are arranged in the space between the flow deflectors. This cold storage tank uses phase change heat storage materials as energy storage materials, with a large energy storage density, which can greatly save space and reduce space waste. The energy storage density of the cold storage tank of the present invention is more than 6 times that of water cold storage. Under the condition of the same energy storage capacity, the volume of this cold storage tank is one-sixth of that of water cold storage, having the advantages of small volume and small floor area.

[0005] However, when the cold storage units inside the horizontal cold storage tank adopt cold storage plates, the cold storage plates cannot be fully filled inside the tank body, and a short-circuit flow channel will be formed between the cold storage plates and the inner wall of the tank body. The short-circuit flow channel needs to be closed to prevent fluid from flowing in and causing heat exchange short-circuit. The closure of the short-circuit flow channel reduces the heat exchange area inside the tank body, with low space utilization rate, affecting the heat exchange efficiency, and at the same time resulting in low cold storage capacity per unit volume. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange equipment with balanced cold charging and discharging.

[0007] To address the deficiencies of the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling, comprising an intermediate cylinder body and end heads located at both ends of the intermediate cylinder body. The end heads are provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet. A phase change cold storage module is arranged inside the intermediate cylinder body. The phase change cold storage module includes multiple groups of cold storage components arranged along the flow direction of the coolant. Each group of cold storage components includes a plurality of stacked cold storage plates. There is a gap for the coolant to flow between adjacent upper and lower cold storage plates. The thickness of the cold storage plates in the same cold storage component and the spacing between adjacent upper and lower cold storage plates are the same. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the cold storage components follow the following rule: the thickness of the cold storage plates gradually decreases, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates and the spacing between adjacent upper and lower cold storage plates remains unchanged or gradually becomes smaller.

[0008] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling of the present invention: A cold storage tube is arranged in the cavity between the phase change cold storage module and the intermediate cylinder body.

[0009] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling of the present invention: A cold storage tube support plate is arranged in the cavity between the phase change cold storage module and the intermediate cylinder body. The cold storage tube support plate is provided with water permeable holes and mounting holes through which the cold storage tubes can pass.

[0010] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling of the present invention: A coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are respectively arranged on the two end heads. A cold storage ball is arranged inside the end head provided with the coolant outlet.

[0011] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling of the present invention: A distributor is arranged inside the end head provided with the coolant inlet. A distribution orifice plate is arranged at the connection between the intermediate cylinder body and the end head.

[0012] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling of the present invention: The inside of the intermediate cylinder body is divided into two upper and lower flow channels by a horizontal partition plate. The inside of the first end head is divided into two upper and lower chambers by a horizontal partition plate. The two flow channels are connected through the second end head. The coolant inlet corresponds to the lower chamber of the first end head, and the coolant outlet corresponds to the upper chamber of the first end head.

[0013] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging cooling of the present invention: The inside of the heat exchanger is divided into four flow channels by a cross-shaped partition plate. The four flow channels are connected in series through through holes provided on the cross-shaped partition plate. The coolant inlet is arranged on the end head corresponding to the starting end of the flow channel, and the coolant outlet is arranged on the end head corresponding to the terminal end of the flow channel.

[0014] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with charge-discharge cold balance of the present invention: the ratio of the thickness of the cold storage plates in the same group to the distance between adjacent cold storage plates is k, where 1 ≤ k ≤ 7, and the k values of different cold storage components are different. The change of the k value follows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, k gradually increases.

[0015] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with charge-discharge cold balance of the present invention: the phase change materials filled in the cold storage plates in the same group are the same, and the phase change materials filled in the cold storage plates of different cold storage components are different. The change of the phase change materials follows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials gradually increases.

[0016] As a further optimization of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with charge-discharge cold balance of the present invention: the cold storage plate includes a cold storage plate body, and the cold storage plate body has a phase change cold storage material storage cavity. A plurality of mutually parallel flow guiding grooves are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body. A plurality of V-shaped protrusions or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along the length direction of the surface of the cold storage plate body between adjacent two flow guiding grooves and between the outermost flow guiding groove and the side edge of the body.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] First, the present invention makes a unique design for the thickness and plate spacing of the cold storage plates. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the thickness of the plate body of the cold storage plate gradually becomes thinner, and at the same time, it is ensured that the flow rate of the coolant is the same or higher at the back, so that the time for completing the charging can be guaranteed to be the same before and after, avoiding the phase change of the front cold storage plate while the back cold storage plate does not change phase, resulting in a longer charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0019] Second, the present invention sets cold storage pipes in the cavity between the cold storage plate and the cylinder wall, realizing the efficient utilization of the space of the cold storage heat exchanger. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 1;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 1;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 1 (the cold storage plates are not shown);

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle cylinder of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 1;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle cylinder of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 1 (the cold storage plates are not shown);

[0025] Figure 6 is Figure 5 the partial enlarged schematic view at position A in

[0026] Figure 7 the internal structure schematic view of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 2 (the cold storage plate is not shown);

[0027] Figure 8 the internal structure schematic view of the phase change cold storage heat exchanger in Embodiment 3 (the cold storage plate is not shown);

[0028] Figure 9 the overall structure schematic view of the cold storage plate (Form 1);

[0029] Figure 10 the assembly state schematic view of the cold storage plate (Form 1);

[0030] Figure 11 the overall structure schematic view of the cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0031] Figure 12 the structure schematic view of the V-shaped protrusion and V-shaped groove of the cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0032] Figure 13 the assembly state schematic view of the cold storage plate (Form 2);

[0033] Figure 14 the overall structure schematic view of the cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0034] Figure 15 the structure schematic view of the first protrusion and the second protrusion of the cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0035] Figure 16 the assembly state schematic view of the cold storage plate (Form 3);

[0036] Markings in the figure:

[0037] 1. Cold storage plate;

[0038] 2. Flow guiding groove;

[0039] 3. V-shaped protrusion;

[0040] 4. V-shaped groove;

[0041] 5. First protrusion;

[0042] 6. Second protrusion;

[0043] 7. Avoidance groove;

[0044] 8. Intermediate cylinder;

[0045] 9. Head;

[0046] 10. Cold storage pipe;

[0047] 11. Cold storage pipe support plate;

[0048] 12. Installation hole;

[0049] 13. Cold storage ball;

[0050] 14. Horizontal partition board;

[0051] 15. Cross-shaped partition board;

[0052] 16. Water permeable hole. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] In order to better understand the present invention, the content of the present invention will be further clarified below in conjunction with embodiments, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0054] <Example 1>

[0055] As Figure 1-6 shown: A horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchange device with balanced charging and discharging of cold, including an intermediate cylinder body 8 and end heads 9 located at both ends of the intermediate cylinder body 8. A coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are provided on the end heads 9. A phase change cold storage module is arranged in the intermediate cylinder body 8. The phase change cold storage module is composed of a plurality of stacked cold storage plates 1. A cold storage pipe 10 is arranged in the cavity between the phase change cold storage module and the intermediate cylinder body 8.

[0056] The phase change cold storage module includes a plurality of groups of cold storage components arranged along the flow direction of the coolant. Each group of cold storage components includes a plurality of horizontally stacked cold storage plates 1. There is a gap for the coolant to flow through between adjacent cold storage plates 1. In this embodiment, the flow direction of the coolant is the axial direction of the heat exchanger. The thickness of the cold storage plates 1 in the same cold storage component and the distance between adjacent cold storage plates 1 are the same. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the cold storage components show the following rule: the thickness of the cold storage plates 1 gradually decreases, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates 1 and the distance between adjacent cold storage plates 1 remains unchanged or gradually becomes smaller.

[0057] Since the intermediate cylinder body 8 is cylindrical, therefore, each group of cold storage components is provided with different numbers of cold storage plates 1 in each layer from top to bottom. For example, as shown in the figure, each layer in the lower part is provided with 2 cold storage plates 1 (a total of 8 layers), each layer above it is provided with 4 cold storage plates 1 (a total of 10 layers), each layer further above is provided with 6 cold storage plates 1 (a total of 16 layers), each layer further above is provided with 4 cold storage plates 1 (a total of 10 layers), and each layer in the upper part is provided with 2 cold storage plates 1 (a total of 8 layers).

[0058] Inside the middle cylinder 8, there is a support plate capable of supporting the cold storage plate 1, and at the same time, side plates for preventing the short-circuit of the coolant are provided. Therefore, the support plate and the side plates are connected in series to form a cylinder shape with multiple flanges, and this cylinder can be defined as the cold storage plate installation cylinder.

[0059] The specifications of all the cold storage plates 1 in each cold storage component are the same, and the phase change materials filled inside are also the same. It can be predicted that since the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the coolant, then along the flow direction of the coolant, the number of cold storage plates 1 in the cold storage component also has an increasing trend.

[0060] The ratio of the thickness of the cold storage plate 1 in the same group to the distance between adjacent cold storage plates 1 is k, where 1 ≤ k ≤ 7. The k values of different cold storage components are different, and the change of the k value follows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, k gradually increases.

[0061] The phase change materials filled in the cold storage plates 1 in the same group are the same, and the phase change materials filled in the cold storage plates 1 of different cold storage components are different. The change of the phase change materials follows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, the thermal conductivity of the phase change materials gradually increases.

[0062] Along the flow direction of the coolant, the thickness of the plate body of the cold storage plate 1 gradually becomes thinner, and at the same time, the plate distance remains unchanged or becomes smaller, so that along the flow direction of the coolant, the flow velocities of the coolant before and after are consistent or the flow velocity at the back is higher. In this way, the time for completing the charging can be ensured to be consistent before and after, avoiding the phase change of the front cold storage plate 1 while the back cold storage plate 1 does not undergo phase change, resulting in a longer charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0063] Water can be used as the coolant. Water has a high specific heat capacity and can absorb or release a large amount of heat while its own temperature changes relatively little. This enables it to effectively store and transfer cold during the cold storage and cold release processes. Moreover, the chemical properties of water are stable and it will not undergo chemical reactions under general cold storage and cold release conditions, and will not cause adverse effects such as corrosion to the cold storage equipment and the object to be cooled.

[0064] The cold storage plate 1 includes a cold storage plate body. The cold storage plate body has a phase change cold storage material storage cavity. One end of the cold storage plate body is provided with a loading port. A plurality of mutually parallel flow guide grooves 2 are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body. A plurality of V-shaped protrusions 3 or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along the length direction of the surface of the cold storage plate body between adjacent two flow guide grooves 2 and between the outermost flow guide groove 2 and the side of the body.

[0065] The loading port of the cold storage plate body is provided with a loading nozzle and a cap, mainly for facilitating the filling of the phase change material into the cold storage plate 1. There are at least two ways to set the loading nozzle:

[0066] The loading port of the cold storage plate body is located within the notch, and the loading nozzle is just hidden within this notch. The shape of the entire cold storage plate body is relatively regular. However, this type of loading nozzle cannot completely fill the interior of the cold storage plate body. Some organic phase change materials are liquid at room temperature and solidify into a solid state when the temperature drops below the melting point. The volume of the organic phase change material shrinks during the solidification process because its molecules are arranged relatively loosely in the liquid state and more closely in the solid state. Even if the material is filled completely, it will not cause deformation of the cold storage plate 1 during the phase change process.

[0067] The phase change material filled in the cold storage plate can be a hydrated salt phase change material. The hydrated salt phase change material mainly realizes cold storage through its solid-liquid phase change at a specific temperature. During the cold storage process, when the ambient temperature is lower than the phase change temperature of the hydrated salt, the hydrated salt changes from a liquid state to a solid state, releasing the latent heat of phase change, thereby achieving cold storage. During the heat release process, when the ambient temperature is higher than the phase change temperature of the hydrated salt, the hydrated salt changes from a solid state to a liquid state, absorbing the surrounding heat to achieve heat release.

[0068] Another form is that the loading port of the cold storage plate body is provided with a threaded loading nozzle, and a cap is screwed on the loading nozzle. One end of the cold storage plate body opposite to the loading nozzle is provided with an avoidance groove suitable for the shape of the loading nozzle. The avoidance groove is for the loading nozzles of adjacent cold storage plates 1 to be placed in it when multiple cold storage plates 1 are docked.

[0069] There are the following three specific forms of the cold storage plate body:

[0070] Form 1: As Figure 9-10 shown, the material of the cold storage plate body can usually be selected as plastic materials, such as HDPE and PE. Plastic materials are widely used in the manufacture of cold storage plates 1 due to their good plasticity, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Plastic materials such as HDPE (high-density polyethylene) and PE (polyethylene) are not only safe and non-toxic but also have good cold storage performance and reusability.

[0071] Multiple mutually parallel flow guide grooves 2 are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body, and the cross-section of the flow guide groove 2 is trapezoidal in reverse. A plurality of V-shaped protrusions 3 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the surface of the cold storage plate body between adjacent two flow guide grooves 2 and between the outermost flow guide groove 2 and the side of the body.

[0072] The openings of the protrusions on the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body face in opposite directions. End grooves are also provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body, and the cross-section of the end groove is V-shaped. One end of the end groove communicates with the end face of the cold storage plate body, and the other end extends into the interval of the flow guide groove 2.

[0073] Through the above unique surface structure design, the turbulence degree of the heat transfer medium on the surface of the cold storage plate body can be increased, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency. Moreover, the cold storage plate 1 has strong external pressure resistance and the sealing port does not leak.

[0074] Form 2: As Figure 11-13 shown, the overall structure of this form is the same as that of <Form 1>. The difference lies in that: a V-shaped groove 4 is provided between two adjacent protrusions in the same column, and the orientation of the V-shaped groove 4 or the arc-shaped groove is the same as that of the V-shaped protrusion 3.

[0075] Form 3: As Figure 14-16 shown, the overall structure of this form is the same as that of <Form 1>. The difference lies in that: the heights of the protrusions in the same column are not consistent.

[0076] The protrusions in the same column include a first protrusion 5 with a height of h1 and a second protrusion 6 with a height of h2, where h1 > h2. Multiple protrusions in the same column are arranged in the pattern of "first protrusion 5, second protrusion 6, second protrusion 6, first protrusion 5, second protrusion 6, second protrusion 6, first protrusion 5...".

[0077] A cold storage tube support plate 11 is provided in the cavity between the installation cylinder of the cold storage plate 1 and the middle cylinder 8. The cold storage tube support plate 11 is provided with water-permeable holes 16 and installation holes 12 through which the cold storage tubes 10 can pass. It should be noted that multiple cold storage tube support plates 11 are provided, and the cold storage tube support plates 11 are arranged axially. Its main function is to support the cold storage tubes 10 so that there is a gap between adjacent cold storage tubes 10.

[0078] A coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are respectively provided on the two end caps 9. A cold storage ball 13 is provided in the end cap 9 provided with the coolant outlet. A distributor is provided in the end cap 9 provided with the coolant inlet, and a distribution orifice plate is provided at the connection between the middle cylinder 8 and the end cap 9.

[0079] The distribution orifice plate can be directly welded and fixed at the connection between the middle cylinder 8 and the end cap 9, or can be placed at the connection between the middle cylinder 8 and the end cap 9. If it is not fixed, support bars need to be provided on the end face of the distribution orifice plate facing the cold storage plate 1. Multiple support bars can be provided, vertically fixed on the distribution orifice plate, and the support bars are parallel to each other. In order to improve the distribution effect, water passing holes can also be provided on the support bars.

[0080] <Example 2>

[0081] As Figure 7As shown, the overall structure of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchanger in this embodiment is the same as that in <Embodiment 1>. The difference lies in that: the middle cylinder 8 is divided into upper and lower two flow channels by the horizontal partition 14, the first head is divided into upper and lower two chambers by the horizontal partition 14, the two flow channels are connected through the second head, the coolant inlet corresponds to the lower chamber of the first head, and the coolant outlet corresponds to the upper chamber of the first head.

[0082] That is to say, the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchanger in this embodiment is a two-pass cold storage heat exchanger. The coolant enters the lower flow channel in the first head, then flows into the upper channel in the second head, and finally flows out from the first head.

[0083] <Embodiment 3>

[0084] As Figure 8 shown, the overall structure of the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchanger in this embodiment is the same as that in <Embodiment 1>. The difference lies in that: the inside of the heat exchanger is divided into four flow channels by the cross-shaped partition 15, and the four flow channels are connected in series through the through holes provided on the cross-shaped partition 15. The coolant inlet is arranged on the head 9 corresponding to the starting end of the flow channel, and the coolant outlet is arranged on the head 9 corresponding to the terminal end of the flow channel.

[0085] That is to say, the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchanger in this embodiment is a four-pass cold storage heat exchanger. The coolant enters the lower left flow channel in the first head, then flows into the lower right channel in the second head, then flows into the upper right channel in the first head, then flows into the upper left channel in the second head, and finally flows out from the first head.

[0086] On the one hand, the horizontal phase change cold storage heat exchanger of the present invention is provided with cold storage tubes in the cavity between the cold storage plate and the cylinder wall, realizing the efficient utilization of the space of the cold storage heat exchanger.

[0087] On the other hand, the phase change cold storage module of the present invention has a unique design for the thickness and plate spacing of the cold storage plates. Along the flow direction of the coolant, the thickness of the plate body of the cold storage plate gradually becomes thinner. At the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates 1 and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates 1 remains unchanged or gradually becomes smaller. Such a design can ensure that in the flow direction of the coolant, the flow velocity of the coolant before and after is the same or the flow velocity behind is higher. In this way, the time for completing the charging can be ensured to be the same before and after, avoiding the phase change of the front cold storage plate and the non-phase change of the rear cold storage plate, resulting in a longer charging time for the entire heat exchanger.

[0088] The cold storage plate uses its special design and the phase change material filled inside to effectively capture the cold carried by the cooling water generated by the chiller. These phase change materials have specific thermodynamic properties and can undergo phase changes in a low-temperature environment, such as changing from a liquid state to a solid state or from one crystalline state to another crystalline state. During this process, a large amount of latent heat is absorbed, thereby realizing the storage of cold.

[0089] When the day breaks, the peak electricity consumption period occurs. At this time, the phase change cold storage tank begins to release cold energy. Through a reasonably arranged heat exchange system, an inverse phase change process occurs in the cold storage tank, and the stored cold energy is transferred to the refrigerant. Then, the refrigerant evenly distributes the cold energy to each area of the data room through a precisely designed pipeline network, thereby effectively reducing the temperature of the computer room and meeting the cooling requirements of the computer room.

[0090] This working mode effectively realizes the "peak shaving and valley filling" of electricity. During the peak electricity consumption period, by using the cold energy released from the phase change cold storage tank to cool the data room, the electricity consumption for cooling obtained by the data room from the power grid is significantly reduced, alleviating the power supply pressure on the power grid during the peak period. At the same time, during the low electricity period, the process of the chiller storing cold energy in the cold storage tank increases the electricity load during the low period, improving the power utilization rate of the power system during the low period, making the power resources more reasonably distributed and utilized in the time dimension, and is of great significance for optimizing the operation efficiency and economy of the power system.

[0091] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation manners, and those skilled in the art can make various deformations or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing, comprising an intermediate cylinder (8) and seals (9) located at both ends of the intermediate cylinder (8), wherein the seals (9) are provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, and characterized in that: A phase-change cold storage module is arranged in the intermediate cylinder (8), and the phase-change cold storage module comprises a plurality of groups of cold storage components arranged along the flow direction of the coolant, each group of cold storage components comprises a plurality of cold storage plates (1) stacked horizontally, and gaps are provided between upper and lower adjacent cold storage plates (1) for the coolant to flow, the thickness of the cold storage plates (1) in the same cold storage component and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates (1) are the same, and along the flow direction of the coolant, the cold storage component presents the following rule: the thickness of the cold storage plates (1) gradually decreases, and at the same time, the product of the number of cold storage plates (1) and the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates (1) remains unchanged or gradually decreases.

2. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A cold storage tube (10) is arranged in the cavity between the phase-change cold storage module and the intermediate cylinder (8).

3. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A cold storage tube support plate (11) is arranged in the cavity between the phase-change cold storage module and the intermediate cylinder (8), and a water-permeable hole (16) and a mounting hole (12) through which the cold storage tube (10) can pass are arranged on the cold storage tube support plate (11).

4. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The two sealing heads (9) are respectively provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, and a cold storage ball (13) is arranged in the sealing head (9) provided with the coolant outlet.

5. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A distributor is arranged in the sealing head (9) provided with a coolant inlet, and a distribution orifice plate is arranged at the connection between the intermediate cylinder (8) and the sealing head (9).

6. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the intermediate cylinder (8) is divided into two upper and lower flow channels by a horizontal partition (14), and the interior of the first end cap is divided into two upper and lower chambers by a horizontal partition (14). The two flow channels are connected through the second end cap, and the coolant inlet corresponds to the lower chamber of the first end cap, and the coolant outlet corresponds to the upper chamber of the first end cap.

7. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The interior of the heat exchanger is divided into four flow channels by a cross-shaped partition (15); the four flow channels are connected in series through through holes provided on the cross-shaped partition (15); a coolant inlet is provided on a seal head (9) at the beginning of the corresponding flow channel; and a coolant outlet is provided on a seal head (9) at the end of the corresponding flow channel.

8. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the thickness of the cold storage plate (1) to the spacing between adjacent cold storage plates (1) in the same group is k, 1≤k≤7, and the k values ​​of different cold storage components are different. The change of the k value shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, k gradually increases.

9. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change material filled in the cold storage plates (1) in the same group is the same, and the phase change material filled in the cold storage plates (1) of different groups of cold storage components is different. The change of the phase change material shows the following rule: along the flow direction of the coolant, the thermal conductivity of the phase change material gradually increases.

10. A horizontal phase-change cold storage and heat exchange device with balanced cold charging and releasing as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The cold storage plate (1) comprises a cold storage plate body, the cold storage plate body having a phase change cold storage material storage cavity, the upper and lower surfaces of the cold storage plate body are both provided with a plurality of mutually parallel guide grooves (2), and the surface of the cold storage plate body is located between two adjacent guide grooves (2) and between the outermost guide groove (2) and the side edge of the body, and a plurality of V-shaped protrusions (3) or arc-shaped protrusions are evenly distributed along the length direction thereof.

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