Fault type determination method and device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas geology, and particularly discloses a fault type determination method and device, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a three-dimensional seismic data volume of a target region; performing horizon interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume, and determining at least one fault of the target area and at least two sets of fault positions of each fault in the at least one fault; and determining fault types corresponding to the faults according to the coherence plane attribute graphs corresponding to the fault positions in the at least two sets of fault positions of the fault dislocations. In the scheme, the at least two sets of fault dislocation positions of the same group of fault dislocation are selected, and the fault type can be determined according to the coherent attribute value plane graphs of the at least two sets of fault dislocation positions, so that the fault type can be directly, accurately and quickly determined from a plane, deployment of oil-gas exploration and development drilling can be effectively guided, and the drilling success rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas geology, and particularly to a method and device for determining fault types. Background Art

[0002] Fault types (normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults) are important parameters for structural traps and fault-block traps in oil and gas exploration and development. In a normal fault structural area with tension or a reverse fault structural area with compression, due to multiple-stage deformation, strike-slip faults are usually superimposed, forming a combined classification pattern of normal faults and strike-slip faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults, which complicates fault classification. The usual manual judgment method is for the automatic discrimination of a single profile, and it is difficult to quickly and accurately classify and distinguish normal faults and strike-slip faults. Therefore, in the existing technology, the fault type cannot be directly and accurately determined from the plane, which leads to the non-implementation of fault-related traps during the structural mapping of the target layer in oil and gas exploration, resulting in the failure of oil and gas exploration and development. On the other hand, the planar change of fault classification has an important impact on the sealing property and gas-water relationship of both sides of the fault. Therefore, how to accurately determine the fault type has important significance and economic value for oil and gas exploration and development. However, how to determine the fault type and its planar change has always been a difficulty and focus in oil and gas exploration and development.

[0003] Although the existing technology involves the determination of faults in a profile, the problem of how to directly and accurately determine the planar change of the fault dip on the plane in the case of the superposition of two classified faults has not been solved. Therefore, the existing technology cannot quickly and accurately determine the planar change of the fault type.

[0004] The current methods and technologies do not accurately determine the underground fault classification (classification of normal faults and strike-slip faults; classification of reverse faults and strike-slip faults) based on seismic data, especially the planar change of the classification on the plane. In short, the key problem of how to accurately and reliably determine the underground fault classification is still in a blank stage.

[0005] In response to the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed yet. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of this specification provide a method and device for determining fault types to solve the problem in the existing technology that the underground fault type cannot be accurately and reliably determined.

[0007] The embodiments of this specification provide a method for determining fault types, including:

[0008] Obtain the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target area;

[0009] Perform horizon interpretation on the 3D seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault in the at least one fault.

[0010] Determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault includes:

[0012] Overlay the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault, and determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the overlay result.

[0013] In one embodiment, the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault include at least a first set of horizons, a second set of horizons, and a third set of horizons.

[0014] The first set of horizons is the uppermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault; the second set of horizons is the middle marker horizon faulted by each fault; the third set of horizons is the lowermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault.

[0015] In one embodiment, overlaying the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault includes:

[0016] Represent the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons, and the third set of horizons in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault with a first color, a second color, and a third color respectively.

[0017] Overlay the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons, and the third set of horizons represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color respectively according to the same plane coordinate system.

[0018] In one embodiment, determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the overlay result includes:

[0019] When the overlay result shows that the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault overlap, determine this fault as a strike-slip fault.

[0020] When the overlay result shows that the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, determine this fault as a normal fault or a reverse fault.

[0021] In one embodiment, when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault horizons offset by the same fault are separated, determining whether the fault is a normal fault or a reverse fault includes:

[0022] When the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault horizons offset by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a tensile area, then determine that the fault is a normal fault;

[0023] When the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault horizons offset by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a compressive area, then determine that the fault is a reverse fault.

[0024] In one embodiment, according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault horizon in at least two sets of fault horizons offset by each of the faults, determining the fault type corresponding to each of the faults further includes:

[0025] Analyzing the planar variation characteristics of the fault classification in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault horizon in at least two sets of fault horizons offset by each of the faults.

[0026] An embodiment of this specification also provides a fault type determination device, including:

[0027] An acquisition module, configured to acquire the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target area;

[0028] An interpretation module, configured to perform horizon interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of fault horizons offset by each fault in the at least one fault;

[0029] A determination module, configured to determine the fault type corresponding to each of the faults according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault horizon in at least two sets of fault horizons offset by each of the faults.

[0030] An embodiment of this specification also provides a computer device, including a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and when the processor executes the instructions, the steps of the fault type determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0031] An embodiment of this specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored, and when the instructions are executed, the steps of the fault type determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0032] In the embodiments of this specification, a method for determining fault types is provided. Three-dimensional seismic data volume of a target area can be obtained, horizon interpretation is performed on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault in the at least one fault, and according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault, the fault type corresponding to each fault is determined. In the above solution, at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same group of faults are selected, and the fault type can be determined according to the coherence attribute value plane maps of the at least two sets of faulted horizons, so that the fault type can be accurately and quickly determined directly from the plane, which can effectively guide the deployment of oil and gas exploration and development drilling and improve the drilling success rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of this specification, form a part of this specification, and do not limit this specification. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 The flowchart of the method for determining fault types in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 The flowchart of the method for determining fault types in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 The cross-sectional view of the reverse fault F1 in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 The cross-sectional view of the strike-slip fault F2 in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0038] Figure 5 The P1 coherence attribute plane map in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0039] Figure 6 The P3 coherence attribute plane map in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0040] Figure 7 The P2 coherence attribute plane map in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0041] Figure 8 The plane map after coherent superposition of P1, P2, and P3 in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0042] Figure 9 The schematic diagram for judging the fault type according to the superposition result in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0043] Figure 10 The schematic diagram of the device for determining fault types in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0044] Figure 11 Shows a schematic diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of this specification. Detailed implementation manners

[0045] The principles and spirit of this specification will be described below with reference to several exemplary implementation manners. It should be understood that these implementation manners are provided only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and then implement this specification, rather than limiting the scope of this specification in any way. On the contrary, these implementation manners are provided to make the disclosure of this specification more thorough and complete, and to be able to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0046] Those skilled in the art know that the implementation manners of this specification can be implemented as a system, a device, a method, or a computer program product. Therefore, the disclosure of this specification can be specifically implemented in the following forms, that is: completely hardware, completely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0047] An embodiment of this specification provides a method for determining a fault type. Figure 1 Shows a flowchart of the method for determining a fault type in an embodiment of this specification. Although this specification provides the method operation steps or device structures as shown in the following embodiments or drawings, based on routine or non-creative labor, more or fewer operation steps or module units may be included in the method or device. In steps or structures where there is no necessary causal relationship logically, the execution order of these steps or the module structure of the device is not limited to the execution order or module structure described in the embodiments of this specification and shown in the drawings. When the method or module structure is applied to an actual device or terminal product, it can be executed sequentially or in parallel according to the method or module structure connection shown in the embodiments or drawings (for example, in an environment of a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing, or even a distributed processing environment).

[0048] Specifically, as Figure 1 shown, the method for determining a fault type provided in an embodiment of this specification may include the following steps.

[0049] Step S101, obtain a three-dimensional seismic data volume of a target area.

[0050] Step S102, perform horizon interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two fault horizons offset by each fault in the at least one fault.

[0051] The three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target area can be obtained. The target area is the area to be studied. The three-dimensional seismic data volume can be interpreted in terms of horizons to obtain at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault in the at least one fault.

[0052] Specifically, the same stratum appears as a reflection event on the seismic section (vertical direction) and can be continuously correlated and traced horizontally. If the same stratum is faulted, there will be traces of discontinuity. The same set of faults will have an up-and-down extension range on the seismic section, and the strata within this range will all be faulted. The same stratum shows discontinuity at the faulted position. To determine the fault type, at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault can be determined.

[0053] In one embodiment, the at least two sets of faulted horizons can include at least two marker beds. A marker bed is a stratum with clear geological significance in this area, with strong lateral continuity of the reflection event and easy to correlate and trace, having clear geological significance and strong lateral continuity, and being easy to identify.

[0054] Step S103: Determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault.

[0055] After the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault in the at least one fault, the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault can be determined. The seismic fault attribute plan view refers to the seismic attribute plan view that can characterize the fault.

[0056] In one embodiment, the seismic fault attribute plan view can be a coherence attribute plan view or a curvature plane attribute view or other seismic attribute plan views that can characterize the fault.

[0057] The fault type corresponding to each fault can be determined according to the seismic fault attribute plan view corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault.

[0058] The fault types can include normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults. A normal fault refers to a fault where the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall. A reverse fault refers to a fault where the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall. A strike-slip fault refers to a fault where the hanging wall and the footwall move relative to each other along the strike of the fault plane without vertical movement up and down.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present specification, determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault may include: superimposing the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault, and determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the superimposition result. The seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to each fault position have a plane coordinate system, and the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault may be superimposed according to the plane coordinate system, and the fault type corresponding to each fault may be determined according to the superimposition result.

[0060] In the above embodiments, at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same group of faults are selected, and the fault type can be determined according to the coherence attribute value plan views of the at least two sets of fault positions, so that the fault type can be accurately and quickly determined directly from the plane, which can effectively guide the deployment of oil and gas exploration and development drilling and improve the drilling success rate.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present specification, the at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault at least include a first set of horizons, a second set of horizons, and a third set of horizons; the first set of horizons is the uppermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault; the second set of horizons is the middle marker horizon faulted by each fault; the third set of horizons is the lowermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault. If two sets of horizons are used, in the case of a large distance, it may be faulted by different faults and be misidentified as the same set of faults. In this embodiment, adding one more horizon control can reduce this error without significantly increasing the workload.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present specification, superimposing the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault may include: representing the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons, and the third set of horizons in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault with a first color, a second color, and a third color respectively; superimposing the seismic fault attribute plan views corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons, and the third set of horizons represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color respectively according to the same plane coordinate system. In this embodiment, using different colors to represent different seismic fault attribute plan views can facilitate the analysis of the superimposition result and determine the fault type.

[0063] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the fault types corresponding to the respective faults based on the stacking result may include: when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault in the stacking result overlap, determining this fault as a strike-slip fault; when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault in the stacking result are separated, determining this fault as a normal fault or a reverse fault. When the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault overlap, it indicates that there is no vertical displacement of this fault, that is, it is a strike-slip fault. When the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, it indicates that there is a vertical offset of this fault, which is a reverse fault or a normal fault.

[0064] In some embodiments of this specification, when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, determining this fault as a normal fault or a reverse fault may include: when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a tensile area, determining this fault as a normal fault; when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a compressive area, determining this fault as a reverse fault. Whether the target area is a tensile area or a compressive area can be determined by conducting geological surveys, prospecting for minerals, oil, and gas, etc. on each block. Combining with the stacking result, normal faults and reverse faults can be determined.

[0065] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the fault types corresponding to the respective faults based on the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each of the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the respective faults may further include: analyzing the planar variation characteristics of the fault classification in the target area based on the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each of the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the respective faults.

[0066] In this embodiment, by stacking the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each of the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the respective faults, variation characteristics such as the extension length, extension azimuth, and whether the fault type changes laterally of the fault in the plane can be obtained. The planar variation of the fault classification has an important impact on the sealing property and gas-water relationship of both sides of the fault. By analyzing the planar variation characteristics of the fault classification, it can guide oil and gas exploration and development.

[0067] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other, and the key points of each embodiment are the differences from other embodiments. Specifically, reference can be made to the description of the relevant processing-related embodiments above, and details will not be repeated here.

[0068] The above describes specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve the desired result. Additionally, the processes depicted in the figures do not necessarily require the particular order or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0069] The above method will be described below in conjunction with a specific embodiment. However, it should be noted that this specific embodiment is only for better illustrating this specification and does not constitute an improper limitation to this specification.

[0070] In this specific embodiment, a method for determining fault types is provided. Fault types can include normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults. Fault types are important parameters for structural traps and fault blocks in oil and gas exploration and development. In a tensile normal fault structural area or a compressive reverse fault structural area, due to the relationship of multi-stage deformation, strike-slip faults are usually superimposed, forming a combined classification mode of normal faults and strike-slip faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults, which complicates fault classification. In this specific embodiment, first, three sets of related layers offset by the same set of faults are selected, and the coherent attribute values of the related layers are directly superimposed on the plane. If the three sets of faults are superimposed together, it is determined as a strike-slip fault; if the three sets of faults are separated, it is determined as a normal fault in the tensile area and a reverse fault in the compressive area. Through this method, in the deep structural deformation area, the change of fault types can be accurately determined based on the laws of structural geometry, and it can be determined which type of fault offsets the target layer, so as to judge the scale of the trap. The scale of the fault block trap formed by being offset by a strike-slip fault is generally smaller than that of the fault block trap (faulted anticline) formed by being offset by a reverse fault or a normal fault. The specific method also needs to comprehensively judge the fault and the structural trap line, etc., which is not involved in the content of this patent.), which can effectively guide the deployment of oil and gas exploration and development drilling and improve the drilling success rate.

[0071] Vertically, a fault can offset multiple strata from top to bottom. Generally, the related layers are determined as clear marker beds in this area, and such marker beds can be easily compared and traced in the seismic profile, and it is easy and accurate to determine the lateral distribution. The data obtained from this stratum analysis is more reliable. This is mainly because the amplitude energy of the stratum in the seismic data is strong, which can be easily compared and traced with high accuracy.

[0072] The three coherent layers in the study area are characterized by strong seismic reflection amplitude energy and are easy to trace laterally. They are all offset by the same fault. The fault plane of a strike-slip fault generally has a nearly vertical feature vertically, while the fault planes of normal faults and reverse faults generally have an oblique or shovel-shaped feature vertically. Therefore, if the planar coherence attribute maps of the three layers are superimposed, in the case of a strike-slip fault, the breakpoints where the three layers are offset by the fault are nearly consistent vertically; in the case of normal faults and reverse faults, due to the oblique fault plane, the points where different layers are offset by the fault will be offset vertically, and thus it is easy to distinguish between strike-slip faults and normal faults and reverse faults.

[0073] In a tensile normal fault tectonic area or a compressive reverse fault tectonic area, due to the relationship of multi-stage deformation, strike-slip faults are usually superimposed, forming a combined classification mode of normal faults and strike-slip faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults, which makes fault classification complicated. Generally, the tectonic background of the study area is basically clear. For example, whether it is mainly a compressive structure or a tensile structure. Reverse faults mainly develop in the compressive area, and normal faults mainly develop in the tensile area. This solution can study the attributes of specific individual faults on a small scale under this tectonic background and can judge quickly and accurately.

[0074] The existing methods for judging fault hydrocarbon accumulation usually directly determine which horizons are offset by a fault from a single seismic profile to clarify the hydrocarbon accumulation effect of the fault. However, the lateral planar distribution of the fault is not clear and relies on manual determination, with low accuracy. The method in this solution can make a more efficient and accurate determination. The classification of underground faults can only be predicted and judged through seismic data, but the judgment of a single profile cannot accurately determine the change in fault classification. Therefore, it is necessary to constrain the seismic data based on the laws of structural geometry to more accurately and reliably determine the fault classification.

[0075] This solution is based on the idea of comprehensive seismic geology research and determines the fault type based on the laws of structural geometry to solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately judge fault classification. Please refer to Figure 2 , which shows the flow chart of the fault type determination method in this specific embodiment. As Figure 2 shown, the method in this embodiment may include the following steps.

[0076] S1: Determine the lower layer, middle layer, and upper layer. Three horizons offset by the same set of faults can be determined; the criterion is that the upper horizon is the uppermost marker horizon offset by the fault, the middle one is the middle marker horizon offset by the fault, and the lower horizon is the lowermost marker horizon offset by the fault correspondingly.

[0077] Based on the horizon interpretation of seismic data, the same stratum shows that the isophase axis can be continuously compared and traced horizontally on the seismic profile (vertically). If the same stratum is offset by a fault, there will be traces of discontinuity. The same set of faults will have an up-and-down extension range on the seismic profile, and the strata within this range will all be offset. The same stratum shows discontinuity at the fault offset.

[0078] The basis for the three sets of horizons is the marker beds offset by faults. Marker beds are generally defined as strata in this area with clear geological significance, strong horizontal continuity of the isophase axis, and easy to compare and trace. For example, the marker beds in the case study area are P1P2P3. These three sets of marker beds have clear geological significance and strong horizontal continuity, and are easy to identify.

[0079] Three sets are the optimal number in terms of efficiency. For two sets of horizons, in the case of a large distance, it is possible that they are offset by different faults and are misidentified as the same set of faults. Adding one more horizon control can reduce this error without significantly increasing the workload.

[0080] S2: Extract the coherence attribute plane maps of the upper, middle, and lower layers and overlay them. The coherence plane map attributes of the three sets of horizons are set as black, dark gray, and gray from top to bottom respectively, and overlaid according to the coordinate system;

[0081] S3: Identify the faults where the three-layer phase lines overlap in S2 and determine them as strike-slip faults. The three sets of fault planes are overlaid together, and the faults are determined as strike-slip faults. The faults in the target layer are defined as black.

[0082] S4: Identify the faults where the three-layer phase lines are separated in S2 and determine them as normal faults (tensile areas) or reverse faults (compressive areas). The faults in the target layer can be defined as gray.

[0083] Whether the actual area is a tensile area or a compressive area is determined, because due to geological surveys, prospecting for minerals, oil and gas, etc. in each block, the basic geological research has been comprehensively covered. What is most difficult to distinguish in actual work is that the actual area is often accompanied by the occurrence of strike-slip faults. In the past, each seismic profile needed to be analyzed one by one, which consumed a lot of time and had a large error. Through this embodiment, strike-slip faults can be quickly and efficiently identified.

[0084] S5: Classify the fault colors and directly determine the fault attributes and dips in the profile. Project the classification of the unified faults, which are divided into black and gray, onto the fault in the target layer on the plane, and the fault types in the target layer and their planar distributions can be obtained.

[0085] The types of strike-slip faults, reverse faults, and normal faults directly control the offset and docking relationship of the reservoir layers on both sides of the fault. The offset and docking relationship plays a key role in judging the size of the trap and analyzing the gas reservoir accumulation conditions.

[0086] The method in this embodiment can accurately determine the fault classification and its planar changes, realizing the discrimination from qualitative to quantitative, and improving the success rate of hydrocarbon exploration well locations.

[0087] The following is a further illustration with a specific embodiment. In this specific embodiment, a certain area is under a compressive background, with reverse faults ( Figure 3 section, Fault F1) and strike-slip faults ( Figure 4 section, Fault F2) developed. However, on the coherence map of the target layer P1, they are all linearly distributed (as Figure 5 shown), and the fault types cannot be directly distinguished. Therefore, the method in this specific embodiment needs to be adopted.

[0088] First step, determine three sets of fault offsets of P3, P2, and P1 (as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown). P3 is the uppermost set of layers that are faulted, P2 is the middle layer that is faulted, and P1 is the lower layer, which is the lowermost set of layers that are faulted.

[0089] Second step, respectively extract the coherence attribute plane maps of the three layers of P3, P2, and P1 (the coherence attribute plane map of the P3 layer is Figure 6 , the coherence attribute plane map of the P2 layer is Figure 7 , the coherence attribute plane map of the P1 layer is Figure 5 ). P3 is black, P2 is dark gray, and P1 is light gray. Based on the coordinate system, they are superimposed on the same coordinate system to obtain Figure 8 .

[0090] Third step, in Figure 8 , where the same fault of the three layers of P3, P2, and P1 overlaps each other, in the coherence attribute plane map of P1 ( Figure 9 ), it is determined to be black and is a vertical strike-slip fault.

[0091] Fourth step, in Figure 8 , where the same fault of the three layers of P3, P2, and P1 is separated from each other (this fault does not fault P3 but only faults P1 and P2), in the coherence attribute plane map of P1 ( Figure 9 ), it is determined to be gray and is a reverse fault.

[0092] Fifth step, Figure 9 in, the fault plane map can be directly distinguished as black and gray for faults with different attributes.

[0093] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of this specification also provides a fault type determination device, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the fault type determination device for solving problems is similar to that of the fault type determination method, the implementation of the fault type determination device can refer to the implementation of the fault type determination method, and the repeated parts will not be elaborated here. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and / or hardware that can achieve a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of the fault type determination device according to an embodiment of this specification, as Figure 10 shown, including: an acquisition module 1001, an interpretation module 1002, and a determination module 1003. The following is an explanation of this structure.

[0094] The acquisition module 1001 is configured to acquire a three-dimensional seismic data volume of a target area.

[0095] The interpretation module 1002 is configured to perform horizon interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault in the at least one fault.

[0096] The determination module 1003 is configured to determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the faulted horizons in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault.

[0097] In some embodiments of this specification, the determination module may specifically be configured to: superimpose the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the faulted horizons in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault, and determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the superimposition result.

[0098] In some embodiments of this specification, the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault at least include a first set of horizons, a second set of horizons, and a third set of horizons; the first set of horizons is the uppermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault; the second set of horizons is the middle marker horizon faulted by each fault; the third set of horizons is the lowermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault.

[0099] In some embodiments of this specification, superimposing the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault includes: representing the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons, and the third set of horizons in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault with a first color, a second color, and a third color respectively; and superimposing the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons, and the third set of horizons represented by the first color, the second color, and the third color respectively according to the same planar coordinate system.

[0100] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the superimposing result includes: when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same fault overlap in the superimposing result, determining that this fault is a strike-slip fault; and when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same fault are separated in the superimposing result, determining that this fault is a normal fault or a reverse fault.

[0101] In some embodiments of this specification, when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same fault are separated, determining that this fault is a normal fault or a reverse fault includes: when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a tensile area, determining that this fault is a normal fault; and when the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a compression area, determining that this fault is a reverse fault.

[0102] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault further includes: analyzing the planar change characteristics of the fault classification in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault.

[0103] From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of this specification achieve the following technical effects: selecting at least two sets of fault positions faulted by the same group of faults, and the fault type can be determined according to the coherence attribute value plane maps of at least two sets of fault positions, so that the fault type can be accurately and quickly determined directly from the plane, which can effectively guide the deployment of oil and gas exploration and development drilling and improve the drilling success rate.

[0104] The embodiments of this specification also provide a computer device, which can be specifically referred to Figure 11Schematic diagram of the composition structure of a computer device based on the tomogram type determination method provided in the embodiments of this specification. Specifically, the computer device may include an input device 111, a processor 112, and a memory 113. Among them, the memory 113 is used to store instructions executable by the processor. When the processor 112 executes the instructions, the steps of the tomogram type determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0105] In this embodiment, the input device may specifically be one of the main devices for information exchange between a user and a computer system. The input device may include a keyboard, a mouse, a camera, a scanner, a light pen, a handwriting input board, a voice input device, etc.; the input device is used to input raw data and programs for processing these data into the computer. The input device may also acquire and receive data transmitted from other modules, units, and devices. The processor may be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or a processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (such as software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic controller, and a form of an embedded microcontroller, etc. The memory may specifically be a memory device used to store information in modern information technology. The memory may include multiple levels. In a digital system, as long as it can store binary data, it can be a memory; in an integrated circuit, a circuit with a storage function without a physical form is also called a memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc.; in a system, a storage device with a physical form is also called a memory, such as a memory stick, a TF card, etc.

[0106] In this embodiment, the functions and effects specifically implemented by this computer device may be explained in comparison with other embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0107] In the embodiments of this specification, a computer storage medium based on the tomogram type determination method is also provided. The computer storage medium stores computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed, the steps of the tomogram type determination method described in any of the above embodiments are implemented.

[0108] In this embodiment, the above storage medium includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), Cache, Hard Disk Drive (HDD), or Memory Card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be set according to the standards specified by the communication protocol and is used for the interface of network connection communication.

[0109] In this embodiment, the functions and effects specifically implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained by comparison with other embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0110] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the above-mentioned modules or steps of the embodiments of this specification can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device. They can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed on a network composed of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented by program codes executable by the computing device. Thus, they can be stored in the storage device and executed by the computing device. And in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order from here, or they can be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple of them can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module for implementation. In this way, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0111] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. By reading the above description, many embodiments and many applications other than the provided examples will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of this specification should not be determined with reference to the above description, but should be determined with reference to the full scope of the foregoing claims and the equivalents thereof.

[0112] The above are only the preferred embodiments of this specification and are not used to limit this specification. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of this specification can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of this specification shall be included within the protection scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for determining fault types, characterized in that, it includes: Obtain the three-dimensional seismic data volume of the target area; Perform horizon interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault in the at least one fault; Determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault.

2. The method for determining fault types according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault includes: Overlay the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault; Determine the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the overlay result.

3. The method for determining fault types according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault include at least a first set of horizons, a second set of horizons and a third set of horizons; the first set of horizons is the uppermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault; the second set of horizons is the middle marker horizon faulted by each fault; the third set of horizons is the lowermost set of marker horizons faulted by each fault.

4. The method for determining fault types according to claim 3, characterized in that, Overlaying the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each faulted horizon in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault includes: Represent the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons and the third set of horizons in the at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by each fault with a first color, a second color and a third color respectively; Overlay the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to the first set of horizons, the second set of horizons and the third set of horizons represented by the first color, the second color and the third color respectively according to the same plane coordinate system.

5. The method for determining fault types according to claim 4, characterized in that, Determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the overlay result includes: In the case where the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault overlap in the overlay result, determine this fault as a strike-slip fault; In the case where the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated in the overlay result, determine this fault as a normal fault or a reverse fault.

6. The method for determining fault types according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the case where the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, determining this fault as a normal fault or a reverse fault includes: In the case where the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a tensile area, determine this fault as a normal fault; In the case where the phase lines corresponding to at least two sets of faulted horizons faulted by the same fault are separated, if the corresponding area is a compressive area, determine this fault as a reverse fault.

7. The method for determining fault types according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the fault type corresponding to each fault further includes: according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault Analyzing the planar change characteristics of the fault classification in the target area according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault 8. A fault type determination device Characterized in that It includes An acquisition module for acquiring a three-dimensional seismic data volume of a target area An interpretation module for performing horizon interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume to determine at least one fault in the target area and at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault in the at least one fault A determination module for determining the fault type corresponding to each fault according to the seismic fault attribute plane maps corresponding to each fault position in at least two sets of fault positions faulted by each fault 9. A computer device Characterized in that It includes a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, and when the processor executes the instructions, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which computer instructions are stored Characterized in that When the instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented

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