Earthquake rapid imaging method and system

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of resource exploration, and provides an earthquake rapid imaging method and system, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining seismic wave data which comprises transmission data, reflection data and wave velocity change, and carrying out the preprocessing of the seismic wave data; obtaining the type of seismic waves, obtaining an imaging mode, and if reflection data is determined, carrying out reflection imaging according to the reflection data, and obtaining a reflection imaging result; if the transmission data is determined, acquiring wave velocity change data, performing transmission imaging according to the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and acquiring a transmission imaging result; linkage implementation is carried out on a reflection imaging result and a transmission imaging result, and the linkage implementation comprises comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, linkage implementation result obtaining and linkage implementation result sending to a terminal. And meanwhile, different seismic waves cannot be subjected to linkage implementation and cannot be integrally displayed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of resource exploration, and in particular relates to a rapid seismic imaging method and system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of science and technology and the increasing demand for underground resource exploration, traditional geological exploration methods have gradually exposed their limitations in accuracy and efficiency. In order to obtain detailed information on underground structures more accurately, seismic exploration technology has gradually become an indispensable part of geological exploration. Seismic exploration technology can reveal geological features such as underground structures, mineral deposits, reservoirs, faults, etc. by analyzing the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in underground media, and is widely used in oil and gas exploration, mineral exploration, earthquake engineering and other fields.

[0003] In the process of seismic exploration, the propagation modes of seismic waves are usually divided into two types: reflection waves and transmission waves. Reflection waves obtain geological information through reflection at the interface of underground layers, and are mainly used to determine the interface structure of different underground strata and the physical properties between layers. Transmission waves pass through underground media and can provide information about the physical properties of underground media such as wave velocity and density, which is particularly suitable for inferring the depth, thickness, density distribution and other characteristics of underground media.

[0004] However, the existing seismic wave imaging process cannot organize the seismic waves in an all-round way, and different seismic waves cannot be linked together, so the problems cannot be displayed as a whole. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a rapid seismic imaging method, aiming to solve the problem raised in the third part of the background technology.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention is implemented as follows: a rapid seismic imaging method, the method comprising:

[0007] Acquire seismic wave data, wherein the seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data and wave velocity change, and pre-process the seismic wave data;

[0008] Obtaining the type of seismic waves and the imaging mode, wherein the imaging mode includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined to be reflection data, reflection imaging is performed according to the reflection data to obtain the reflection imaging result;

[0009] If it is determined to be transmission data, wave velocity change data is obtained, transmission imaging is performed based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and a transmission imaging result is obtained;

[0010] The reflection imaging results and the transmission imaging results are linked and implemented, and the linked implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, and the linked implementation results are obtained and sent to the terminal.

[0011] Preferably, for the steps of obtaining the type of seismic wave, obtaining the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging, and if it is determined as reflection data, performing reflection imaging based on the reflection data to obtain the reflection imaging result, specifically includes:

[0012] Obtain the type of seismic wave, where the type of seismic wave includes reflected wave and transmitted wave, obtain the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging;

[0013] Obtain seismic detector data, where the seismic detector is used to distinguish whether the seismic wave is a reflected wave or a transmitted wave;

[0014] If it is determined as reflection data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflection data, where the reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground, and obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0015] Preferably, for the steps of if it is determined as transmission data, obtaining wave velocity change data, performing transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and obtaining the transmission imaging result, specifically includes:

[0016] If it is determined as transmission data, obtain wave velocity change data, where the wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, and calculate the propagation time of the transmitted wave;

[0017] Obtain the propagation velocity of the transmitted wave in different media, and determine the propagation medium based on the propagation velocity;

[0018] Perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and obtain the transmission imaging result.

[0019] Preferably, for the steps of performing linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, where the linkage implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, obtaining the linkage implementation result, and sending the linkage implementation result to the terminal, specifically includes:

[0020] Perform linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, and calculate the wave velocity, density, and thickness of the underground through comprehensive data inversion;

[0021] Generate three-dimensional seismic imaging in combination with comprehensive data inversion, where the three-dimensional seismic imaging includes underground reservoir and fault characteristics;

[0022] Obtain the linkage implementation result, and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0023] Preferably, the preprocessing includes filtering, denoising, and alignment processing.

[0024] Another object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a seismic rapid imaging system, where the system includes:

[0025] Initial module, which acquires seismic wave data. The seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data, and wave velocity changes, and preprocesses the seismic wave data;

[0026] Reflection module, which acquires the type of seismic wave and the imaging method. The imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined as reflection data, reflection imaging is performed based on the reflection data to obtain a reflection imaging result;

[0027] Refraction module, if it is determined as transmission data, acquires wave velocity change data, and performs transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain a transmission imaging result;

[0028] Joint implementation module, which performs joint implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. The joint implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, obtains a joint implementation result, and sends the joint implementation result to the terminal.

[0029] Preferably, the reflection module includes:

[0030] Type unit, which acquires the type of seismic wave. The type of seismic wave includes reflected wave and transmitted wave, and acquires the imaging method. The imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging;

[0031] Discrimination unit, which acquires seismic geophone data. The seismic geophone is used to discriminate whether the seismic wave is a reflected wave or a transmitted wave;

[0032] Reflection unit, if it is determined as reflection data, performs reflection imaging based on the reflection data. The reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground, and obtains a reflection imaging result.

[0033] Preferably, the refraction module includes:

[0034] Transmission unit, if it is determined as transmission data, acquires wave velocity change data. The wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, and calculates the propagation time of the transmitted wave;

[0035] Propagation speed unit, which acquires the propagation speed of the transmitted wave in different media, and determines the propagation medium based on the propagation speed;

[0036] Transmission imaging unit, which performs transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain a transmission imaging result.

[0037] Preferably, the joint implementation module includes:

[0038] Joint implementation unit, which performs joint implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, and calculates the wave velocity, density, and thickness of the underground through comprehensive data inversion;

[0039] A three-dimensional imaging unit, which combines comprehensive data inversion to generate three-dimensional seismic imaging, and the three-dimensional seismic imaging includes underground reservoir and fault features;

[0040] An implementation result unit, which obtains the linkage implementation result and sends the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0041] Preferably, the preprocessing includes filtering, denoising and alignment processing.

[0042] A seismic rapid imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes obtaining seismic wave data, preprocessing the seismic wave data, obtaining the types of seismic waves, obtaining the imaging method, obtaining geophone data, where the geophone is used to distinguish whether the seismic wave is a reflected wave or a transmitted wave. If it is determined to be reflected data, reflection imaging is performed based on the reflected data, and the reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground, obtaining the reflection imaging result. If it is determined to be transmitted data, wave velocity change data is obtained, where the wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, calculating the propagation time of the transmitted wave, obtaining the propagation velocity of the transmitted wave in different media, determining the propagation medium based on the propagation velocity, performing transmission imaging based on the transmitted data and the wave velocity change data, obtaining the transmission imaging result, performing linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, inferring the wave velocity, density and thickness of the underground through comprehensive data inversion, generating three-dimensional seismic imaging by combining comprehensive data inversion, where the three-dimensional seismic imaging includes underground reservoir and fault features, obtaining the linkage implementation result, and sending the linkage implementation result to the terminal, which solves the problem that in the existing seismic wave imaging process, the seismic waves cannot be sorted in multiple directions, and at the same time, the different seismic waves cannot be linked and implemented, and the overall situation cannot be displayed. Description of the Drawings

[0043] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a seismic rapid imaging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the steps of obtaining the types of seismic waves, obtaining the imaging method, and obtaining the reflection imaging result provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of the steps of obtaining wave velocity change data and obtaining the transmission imaging result if it is determined to be transmitted data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the steps of performing linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result and obtaining the linkage implementation result provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 It is an architecture diagram of a seismic rapid imaging system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 6 It is the architecture diagram of the reflection module provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 It is the architecture diagram of the refraction module provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 8 It is the architecture diagram of the combined implementation module provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0052] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but unless otherwise specified, these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish a first element from another element. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, the first xx script may be referred to as the second xx script, and similarly, the second xx script may be referred to as the first xx script.

[0053] As Figure 1 shown, it is a seismic rapid imaging method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and the method includes:

[0054] S100. Obtain seismic wave data, where the seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data, and wave velocity changes, and preprocess the seismic wave data.

[0055] In this step, seismic wave data is obtained. Usually, seismic waves are excited by a seismic source, and receivers arranged on the ground or underground are used to record the propagation of the waves, such as geophones. The collected data includes transmitted waves, reflected waves, and wave velocity information;

[0056] The reflected wave data is the wave emitted by the seismic source that is reflected when it encounters the interface of different underground media, and these reflected waves will be recorded by the receiver. The reflected waves are mainly used to analyze the shallow and middle underground structures; the transmitted wave data refers to the wave that the seismic wave passes through the underground media layer and reaches the receiver after passing through different media. The transmitted waves can reveal the structural information of the deep underground;

[0057] The main purpose of preprocessing is to improve the data quality, reduce noise, compensate for the errors of seismic instruments and the influence of environmental factors on the data, and provide accurate data support for subsequent inversion and imaging. The preprocessing includes filtering, denoising, and alignment processing, which can effectively enhance the credibility and accuracy of the data, and thus achieve accurate imaging of the underground structure.

[0058] S200, obtain the type of seismic wave and the imaging method. The imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined as reflection data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflection data to obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0059] In this step, obtain the type of seismic wave. Seismic waves mainly include body waves and surface waves. Different types of seismic waves provide different information and can be applied to different imaging techniques. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal waves and S-waves are transverse waves. P-waves and S-waves are the most commonly used data sources for reflection imaging and transmission imaging.

[0060] Obtain the imaging method. The imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined as reflection data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflection data. Reflection imaging mainly focuses on the phenomenon of seismic wave reflection at different underground medium interfaces. By measuring the reflection time and amplitude change of the wave, the distribution and characteristics of the underground medium can be obtained to obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0061] S300, if it is determined as transmission data, obtain the wave velocity change data, perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain the transmission imaging result.

[0062] In this step, if it is determined as transmission data, obtain the wave velocity change data. By analyzing the travel time data and wave velocity change of the transmitted wave, establish the wave velocity model of the underground medium, and use the wave velocity model to invert the wave velocity distribution of each underground layer, and then infer the underground structure and physical characteristics.

[0063] Transmission imaging depends on the change in the propagation speed of the transmitted wave in the underground medium to reveal information about the deep underground. Through the analysis of the transmitted wave and the wave velocity change, transmission imaging can provide a more comprehensive underground view for exploration work, especially suitable for identifying deep underground structures to obtain the transmission imaging result.

[0064] S400, perform joint implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. The joint implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging to obtain the joint implementation result and send the joint implementation result to the terminal.

[0065] In this step, perform joint implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. In seismic exploration, reflection imaging and transmission imaging each have unique advantages. The joint implementation of the two can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of underground structure analysis. Reflection imaging mainly relies on the reflection signal when the seismic wave encounters different medium interfaces, while transmission imaging is based on the propagation process of the seismic wave, especially the wave velocity change through different media to construct the underground medium model.

[0066] Through linkage implementation, that is, by comprehensively analyzing the data of reflection imaging and transmission imaging, a more comprehensive and accurate underground structure image can be provided. Obtain the linkage implementation result and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0067] As Figure 2 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of obtaining the type of seismic wave, obtaining the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging, and if it is determined to be reflection data, performing reflection imaging based on the reflection data and obtaining the reflection imaging result specifically include:

[0068] S201, obtain the type of seismic wave, where the type of seismic wave includes reflected waves and transmitted waves, and obtain the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging.

[0069] In this step, when obtaining the type of seismic wave, seismic waves mainly include body waves and surface waves. Different types of seismic waves provide different information and can be applied to different imaging techniques. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal waves and S-waves are transverse waves. P-waves and S-waves are the most commonly used data sources for reflection imaging and transmission imaging;

[0070] Obtain the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. A reflected wave is a wave that, when a seismic wave encounters an interface of different underground media, such as rock layers and ore layers, part of the wave energy is reflected back to the surface and captured by a seismic receiver. A transmitted wave is a wave that penetrates the underground medium and continues to propagate to the receiver;

[0071] Reflection imaging is an imaging method based on the propagation characteristics of reflected waves. It mainly constructs an image of the underground structure by analyzing the travel time, amplitude, frequency, etc. of the reflected waves. A transmitted wave is a wave that penetrates the underground medium. When a seismic wave passes through different media, there will be a change in wave velocity. By analyzing the propagation time, attenuation, and wave velocity distribution of the transmitted waves, the properties of the underground structure can be inferred.

[0072] S202, obtain seismic geophone data, where the seismic geophone is used to distinguish whether the seismic wave is a reflected wave or a transmitted wave.

[0073] In this step, when obtaining seismic geophone data, a seismic geophone is an important device for recording seismic wave data in seismic exploration. It can sense ground or underground vibrations and convert them into electrical signals, thereby realizing the detection and analysis of seismic waves. Reflected waves and transmitted waves have different propagation characteristics during the propagation of seismic waves. A seismic geophone can distinguish these two types of waves from the following aspects;

[0074] The reflected wave usually shows rapid energy changes, presenting a jumpy change on the time axis, accompanied by large amplitude changes. By analyzing the waveform of the acquired data, the arrival time of the reflected wave is usually shorter than that of the transmitted wave, so it can be distinguished by the difference in arrival time;

[0075] The arrival time of the transmitted wave is longer, the waveform is relatively gentle, without obvious jump changes, the amplitude change of the transmitted wave is small, and its frequency characteristics also show relatively stable fluctuations.

[0076] S203, if it is determined to be reflected data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflected data. The reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground and obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0077] In this step, if it is determined to be reflected data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflected data. The difference in the arrival time of the reflected wave reflects the depth and structure of each layer underground. By analyzing the arrival time of the reflected wave, the depth and shape of different underground media can be inferred. The amplitude and propagation time of the reflected wave can be used to invert physical parameters such as underground wave velocity and density, and establish an underground velocity model;

[0078] Conventional wavefront inversion can be used. By inverting the wavefront propagation information of the reflected wave, the medium characteristics of each underground layer can be calculated, thereby realizing imaging and obtaining the reflection imaging result. For example, in oil and gas exploration, by analyzing the arrival time of the reflected wave, the depth and distribution of underground oil and gas layers are inferred. Using the travel time and amplitude information of the reflected wave, the underground velocity model is inverted through reflection tomography technology, and then a reflection profile is generated. According to the reflection profile, the location, size and shape of potential oil and gas reservoirs can be identified.

[0079] As Figure 3 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of, if it is determined to be transmitted data, obtaining wave velocity change data, performing transmission imaging based on the transmitted data and the wave velocity change data, and obtaining the transmission imaging result specifically includes:

[0080] S301, if it is determined to be transmitted data, obtain wave velocity change data. The wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, and calculate the propagation time of the transmitted wave.

[0081] In this step, if it is determined to be transmitted data, the longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity formula:

[0082] ,

[0083] Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity, K is the bulk modulus of the medium, G is the shear modulus of the medium, and ρ is the density of the medium;

[0084] The transverse wave (S-wave) velocity formula:

[0085] ,

[0086] Vs is the shear wave velocity, G is the shear modulus, and ρ is the density;

[0087] When the transmitted wave passes through different media, due to the different physical properties such as elastic modulus and density of different media, the propagation speed of the transmitted wave will also change. The change in wave speed reflects the different characteristics of the underground media, and these changes can be used to infer the physical properties of the underground by calculating the propagation time of the transmitted wave;

[0088] Calculating the propagation time of the transmitted wave:

[0089] T = ,

[0090] di is the thickness or propagation path length of the i-th layer, and Vi is the wave speed of the i-th layer. By calculating the propagation time of the transmitted wave, the wave speed distribution of the underground media can be inversely deduced, so as to perform wave speed inversion and construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional imaging image of the underground.

[0091] S302. Obtain the propagation speed of the transmitted wave in different media, and determine the propagation medium according to the propagation speed.

[0092] In this step, obtain the propagation speed of the transmitted wave in different media. The elastic modulus and density of rocks are relatively large, so the wave speed is usually relatively high. For example, the longitudinal wave speed of granite is about 5500 m / s, and the shear wave speed is about 3000 m / s.

[0093] The elastic modulus and density of soil are relatively small, so its wave speed is relatively low. For example, the longitudinal wave speed of loose soil is approximately between 800 - 1500 m / s.

[0094] The density of water is much greater than that of the atmosphere, but since the shear modulus of the liquid is close to zero, shear waves cannot propagate, and only longitudinal waves can propagate. The longitudinal wave speed in water is approximately 1500 m / s.

[0095] Through the wave speed data obtained by measurement, it can be compared with the wave speeds of known typical media to infer the type of underground media. For example:

[0096] Low wave speed (about 500 - 1500 m / s): It may be soft soil, mudstone or sedimentary rock with relatively high porosity.

[0097] Medium wave speed (about 2000 - 4000 m / s): It may be sandstone, shale or relatively compact sedimentary rock.

[0098] High wave speed (greater than 5000 m / s): Usually hard rocks such as granite, basalt, etc.

[0099] S303. Perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain the transmission imaging result.

[0100] In this step, perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data. The core idea of transmission imaging is to use data such as the propagation time and propagation velocity change of seismic waves when propagating in different media to inversely deduce the structure of the underground medium. By measuring and analyzing the propagation characteristics of the transmitted waves and combining the wave velocity changes, the wave velocity distribution underground can be estimated, and thus an imaging map of the underground can be constructed.

[0101] Based on the time delay data of seismic wave propagation, use an inversion algorithm to calculate the wave velocity of the underground medium. By minimizing the error between the predicted propagation time and the actually measured time, gradually adjust the wave velocity distribution of the underground medium. After obtaining the wave velocity distribution of the underground medium through calculation, the results can be displayed in two-dimensional or three-dimensional form. Two-dimensional transmission imaging maps are often used to display the underground medium distribution at a certain depth or on a certain cross-section; three-dimensional imaging maps can display the three-dimensional distribution of the underground structure.

[0102] As Figure 4 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the linkage implementation of the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result includes the steps of comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging to obtain the linkage implementation result and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal, specifically including:

[0103] S401. Perform linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, and inversely calculate the wave velocity, density, and thickness of the underground through comprehensive data inversion.

[0104] In this step, perform linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. In seismic exploration, through joint inversion of comprehensive reflection imaging and transmission imaging data, the wave velocity, density, and thickness of the underground medium can be inversely calculated.

[0105] The wave velocity reflects the propagation characteristics of the underground medium and can help judge the type and physical properties of the medium. The density reflects the mass and compactness of the underground medium and is crucial for the exploration of oil and gas resources and mineral resources. The thickness is calculated through the time difference of the reflected waves at the interface to calculate the thickness of each stratum, so as to accurately depict the underground structure.

[0106] Suppose in an area with a known oil and gas bearing layer, conduct joint exploration of reflected waves and transmitted waves:

[0107] Reflected wave data: The reflected wave data shows that there is an obvious reflection interface 1000 meters below the ground surface, and the amplitude of the reflected wave is relatively large, indicating that this may be the interface between an oil and gas layer and the surrounding rock formation.

[0108] Transmission wave data: The transmission wave data shows that the wave velocity of this layer is relatively low, indicating that it may be a layer rich in pores or liquids.

[0109] Comprehensive inversion: By jointly inverting the reflection wave and transmission wave data, the wave velocity of this layer is obtained as 2000 m / s, the density is 2.4 g / cm³, and the thickness is 150 meters.

[0110] S402. Generate three-dimensional seismic imaging by combining comprehensive data inversion. The three-dimensional seismic imaging includes underground reservoir and fault features.

[0111] In this step, generate three-dimensional seismic imaging by combining comprehensive data inversion. Based on the parameters such as wave velocity, density, and thickness obtained from the inversion, use numerical simulation methods to construct a three-dimensional seismic image of the subsurface. Through the visualization of the three-dimensional seismic imaging results, geological engineers can intuitively view the distribution of the subsurface structure, identify the location, shape, and possible fault features of the reservoir.

[0112] Underground reservoirs, especially oil and gas reservoirs or mineral deposits, are the main targets of seismic exploration. Through three-dimensional seismic imaging, the morphology, thickness, depth, and distribution of underground reservoirs can be accurately depicted. Faults are important features in the subsurface structure, which can affect the distribution of underground reservoirs, the migration of oil and gas, etc.

[0113] S403. Obtain the linkage implementation result and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0114] In this step, obtain the linkage implementation result. In the seismic exploration and imaging system, the linkage implementation result refers to the three-dimensional structure image of the subsurface medium and related geological parameters obtained through the joint analysis of reflection imaging and transmission imaging, such as wave velocity, density, thickness, reservoir features, and fault features.

[0115] Sending these results from the exploration and calculation system to the terminal device can help geological engineers, exploration personnel, or other decision-makers obtain relevant information about the subsurface in real time and make further exploration, exploitation, and resource evaluation decisions based on this.

[0116] As Figure 5 shown, a seismic rapid imaging system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0117] Initial module 100, used to obtain seismic wave data. The seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data, and wave velocity changes, and preprocess the seismic wave data.

[0118] In this system, the initial module 100 acquires seismic wave data. The acquisition of seismic wave data usually involves exciting seismic waves by a seismic source and using receivers arranged on the ground or underground to record the propagation of waves, such as geophones. The collected data includes transmitted waves, reflected waves, and wave velocity information;

[0119] Reflected wave data is the wave emitted by the seismic source that is reflected when it encounters the interface of different underground media, and these reflected waves will be recorded by the receivers. Reflected waves are mainly used to analyze shallow and middle underground structures; Transmitted wave data refers to the waves that the seismic waves pass through underground media layers and are transmitted to the receivers after passing through different media. Transmitted waves can reveal the structural information of deep underground;

[0120] The main purpose of preprocessing is to improve data quality, reduce noise, compensate for the errors of seismic instruments and the influence of environmental factors on data, and provide accurate data support for subsequent inversion and imaging. Preprocessing includes filtering, denoising, and alignment processing, which can effectively enhance the credibility and accuracy of data, and then achieve accurate imaging of underground structures.

[0121] The reflection module 200 is used to acquire the types of seismic waves and the imaging methods. The imaging methods include reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined to be reflected data, reflection imaging is performed based on the reflected data to obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0122] In this system, the reflection module 200 acquires the types of seismic waves. Seismic waves mainly include body waves and surface waves. Different types of seismic waves provide different information and can be applied to different imaging techniques. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal waves and S-waves are transverse waves. P-waves and S-waves are the most commonly used data sources for reflection imaging and transmission imaging;

[0123] Acquire the imaging methods. The imaging methods include reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined to be reflected data, reflection imaging is performed based on the reflected data. Reflection imaging mainly focuses on the phenomenon of seismic waves being reflected at the interfaces of different underground media. By measuring the reflection time and amplitude change of the waves, the distribution and characteristics of underground media can be obtained to obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0124] The refraction module 300 is used to, if it is determined to be transmitted data, acquire the wave velocity change data, and perform transmission imaging based on the transmitted data and the wave velocity change data to obtain the transmission imaging result.

[0125] In this system, if the refraction module 300 determines that it is transmitted data, it acquires the wave velocity change data. By analyzing the travel time data and wave velocity change of the transmitted waves, a wave velocity model of underground media is established, and the wave velocity distribution of each underground layer is inversely calculated using the wave velocity model, and then the underground structure and physical characteristics are inferred;

[0126] Transmission imaging relies on the change in the propagation speed of transmitted waves in the subsurface medium to reveal information about deep subsurface layers. By analyzing the transmitted waves and the changes in wave speed, transmission imaging can provide a more comprehensive subsurface view for exploration work, especially suitable for identifying deep subsurface structures and obtaining transmission imaging results.

[0127] The combined implementation module 400 is used to perform a linked implementation on the reflection imaging results and the transmission imaging results. The linked implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging to obtain the results of the linked implementation and send the results of the linked implementation to the terminal.

[0128] In this system, the combined implementation module 400 performs a linked implementation on the reflection imaging results and the transmission imaging results. In seismic exploration, reflection imaging and transmission imaging each have unique advantages, and the linked implementation of the two can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of subsurface structure analysis. Reflection imaging mainly relies on the reflection signals when seismic waves encounter interfaces of different media, while transmission imaging is based on the propagation process of seismic waves, especially the change in wave speed through different media to construct a subsurface medium model;

[0129] Through the linked implementation, that is, by comprehensively analyzing the data of reflection imaging and transmission imaging, a more comprehensive and accurate subsurface structure image can be provided, obtaining the results of the linked implementation and sending the results of the linked implementation to the terminal.

[0130] Such as Figure 6 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the type unit 200 includes:

[0131] The type unit 201 is used to obtain the types of seismic waves, where the types of seismic waves include reflected waves and transmitted waves, and obtain the imaging methods, where the imaging methods include reflection imaging and transmission imaging.

[0132] In this module, the type unit 201 obtains the types of seismic waves. Seismic waves mainly include body waves and surface waves. Different types of seismic waves provide different information and can be applied to different imaging techniques. Body waves include P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal waves and S-waves are transverse waves. P-waves and S-waves are the most commonly used data sources for reflection imaging and transmission imaging;

[0133] Obtain the imaging methods, where the imaging methods include reflection imaging and transmission imaging. Reflected waves are the waves that when seismic waves encounter interfaces of different subsurface media, such as rock layers and ore layers, etc., part of the wave energy is reflected back to the surface and captured by seismic receivers. Transmitted waves are the waves that seismic waves penetrate the subsurface medium and continue to propagate to the receivers;

[0134] Reflection imaging is an imaging method based on the propagation characteristics of reflected waves. It mainly constructs an image of the subsurface structure by analyzing the travel time, amplitude, frequency and other characteristics of the reflected waves. Transmitted waves are waves that penetrate the subsurface medium. When seismic waves pass through different media, the wave velocity changes. By analyzing the propagation time, attenuation and wave velocity distribution of the transmitted waves, the properties of the subsurface structure can be inferred.

[0135] A discrimination unit 202 is used to obtain geophone data, and the geophone is used to distinguish seismic waves as reflected waves or transmitted waves.

[0136] In this module, the discrimination unit 202 obtains geophone data. Geophones are important devices used to record seismic wave data in seismic exploration. It can sense ground or subsurface vibrations and convert them into electrical signals, thereby realizing the detection and analysis of seismic waves. Reflected waves and transmitted waves have different propagation characteristics during the propagation of seismic waves. Geophones can distinguish these two types of waves in the following aspects;

[0137] Reflected waves usually exhibit rapid energy changes, showing jumpy changes on the time axis, accompanied by large amplitude changes. By analyzing the waveform of the acquired data, the arrival time of reflected waves is usually shorter than that of transmitted waves, so they can be distinguished by the difference in arrival time;

[0138] The arrival time of transmitted waves is longer, the waveform is relatively flat, without obvious jump changes, the amplitude change of transmitted waves is smaller, and its frequency characteristics also show relatively stable fluctuations.

[0139] A reflection unit 203 is used to perform reflection imaging based on the reflection data if it is determined to be reflection data. The reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the subsurface and obtain the reflection imaging result.

[0140] In this module, if the reflection unit 203 determines that it is reflection data, it performs reflection imaging based on the reflection data. The difference in the arrival time of reflected waves reflects the depth and structure of each layer in the subsurface. By analyzing the arrival time of reflected waves, the depth and shape of different media in the subsurface can be inferred. The amplitude and propagation time of reflected waves can be used to invert physical parameters such as subsurface wave velocity and density, and establish a velocity model of the subsurface;

[0141] Conventional wavefront inversion can be used. By inverting the wavefront propagation information of reflected waves, the medium characteristics of each layer in the subsurface can be deduced, thereby realizing imaging and obtaining the reflection imaging result. For example, in oil and gas exploration, by analyzing the arrival time of reflected waves, the depth and distribution of underground oil and gas layers are inferred. Using the travel time and amplitude information of reflected waves, the velocity model of the subsurface is inverted through reflection tomography technology, and then a reflection profile is generated. According to the reflection profile, the location, size and shape of potential oil and gas reservoirs can be identified.

[0142] As shown Figure 7 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refraction module 300 includes:

[0143] A transmission unit 301, configured to obtain wave velocity change data if it is determined as transmission data. The wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, and calculate the propagation time of the transmitted wave.

[0144] In this module, if the transmission unit 301 determines it as transmission data, the longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity formula:

[0145] ,

[0146] Vp is the longitudinal wave velocity, K is the bulk modulus of the medium, G is the shear modulus of the medium, and ρ is the density of the medium;

[0147] The transverse wave (S-wave) velocity formula:

[0148] ,

[0149] Vs is the transverse wave velocity, G is the shear modulus, and ρ is the density;

[0150] When the transmitted wave passes through different media, due to the different physical properties such as elastic modulus and density of different media, the propagation velocity of the transmitted wave will also change. The wave velocity change reflects the different characteristics of the underground media, and these changes can be used to infer the physical properties of the underground by calculating the propagation time of the transmitted wave;

[0151] Calculate the propagation time of the transmitted wave:

[0152] T = ,

[0153] di is the thickness or propagation path length of the i-th layer, and Vi is the wave velocity of the i-th layer. By calculating the propagation time of the transmitted wave, the wave velocity distribution of the underground media can be inversely deduced, so as to perform wave velocity inversion and construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional imaging image of the underground.

[0154] A propagation velocity unit 302, configured to obtain the propagation velocity of the transmitted wave in different media and determine the propagation medium according to the propagation velocity.

[0155] In this module, the propagation velocity unit 302 obtains the propagation velocity of the transmitted wave in different media. The elastic modulus and density of rocks are relatively large, so the wave velocity is usually relatively high. For example, the longitudinal wave velocity of granite is about 5500 m / s, and the transverse wave velocity is about 3000 m / s.

[0156] The elastic modulus and density of soil are relatively small, so its wave velocity is relatively low. For example, the longitudinal wave velocity of loose soil is approximately between 800 - 1500 m / s.

[0157] The density of water is much greater than that of the atmosphere. However, since the shear modulus of a liquid is close to zero, transverse waves cannot propagate, and only longitudinal waves can propagate. The velocity of longitudinal waves in water is approximately 1500 m / s.

[0158] By comparing the wave velocity data obtained through measurement with the known wave velocities of typical media, the type of underground medium can be inferred. For example:

[0159] Low wave velocity (about 500–1500 m / s): It may be soft soil, mudstone, or sedimentary rock with high porosity.

[0160] Medium wave velocity (about 2000–4000 m / s): It may be sandstone, shale, or relatively compact sedimentary rock.

[0161] High wave velocity (greater than 5000 m / s): Usually hard rock such as granite, basalt, etc.

[0162] The transmission imaging unit 303 is used to perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and obtain the transmission imaging result.

[0163] In this module, the transmission imaging unit 303 performs transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data. The core idea of transmission imaging is to use data such as the propagation time and propagation velocity change of seismic waves when propagating in different media to inversely deduce the structure of the underground medium. By measuring and analyzing the propagation characteristics of transmitted waves and combining with the wave velocity change, the wave velocity distribution underground can be estimated, thereby constructing an underground imaging map;

[0164] Based on the time delay data of seismic wave propagation, an inversion algorithm is used to calculate the wave velocity of the underground medium. By minimizing the error between the predicted propagation time and the actual measured time, the wave velocity distribution of the underground medium is gradually adjusted. After obtaining the wave velocity distribution of the underground medium through calculation, the results can be displayed in two-dimensional or three-dimensional form. Two-dimensional transmission imaging maps are often used to display the underground medium distribution at a certain depth or on a certain cross-section; three-dimensional imaging maps can display the three-dimensional distribution of the underground structure.

[0165] As Figure 8 shown, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the combined implementation module 400 includes:

[0166] The linkage implementation unit 401 is used to perform linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, and inversely calculate the wave velocity, density, and thickness of the underground through comprehensive data inversion.

[0167] In this module, the linkage implementation unit 401 performs linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. In seismic exploration, through joint inversion of comprehensive reflection imaging and transmission imaging data, the wave velocity, density, and thickness of the underground medium can be calculated;

[0168] The wave velocity reflects the propagation characteristics of the underground medium, which can help to judge the type and physical properties of the medium. The density reflects the mass and compactness of the underground medium, which is crucial for the exploration of oil and gas resources and mineral resources. The thickness is deduced through the time difference of the reflected waves at the interface to calculate the thickness of each stratum, so as to accurately depict the underground structure;

[0169] Suppose in an area with a known oil and gas bearing layer, a combined exploration of reflected waves and transmitted waves is carried out:

[0170] Reflected wave data: The reflected wave data shows that there is an obvious reflection interface 1000 meters below the ground surface. The amplitude of the reflected wave is relatively large, indicating that this may be the interface between an oil and gas layer and the surrounding rock strata.

[0171] Transmitted wave data: The transmitted wave data shows that the wave velocity of this layer is relatively low, indicating that it may be a layer rich in pores or liquids.

[0172] Comprehensive inversion: By jointly inverting the reflected wave and transmitted wave data, the wave velocity of this layer is obtained as 2000 m / s, the density is 2.4 g / cm³, and the thickness is 150 meters.

[0173] The three-dimensional imaging unit 402 is used to generate a three-dimensional seismic imaging by combining the comprehensive data inversion. The three-dimensional seismic imaging includes the underground reservoir and fault characteristics.

[0174] In this module, the three-dimensional imaging unit 402 combines the comprehensive data inversion to generate a three-dimensional seismic imaging. Based on the parameters such as wave velocity, density, and thickness obtained from the inversion, a three-dimensional seismic image of the underground is constructed using the numerical simulation method. Through the visualization of the three-dimensional seismic imaging results, geological engineers can intuitively view the distribution of the underground structure, identify the location, shape, and possible fault characteristics of the reservoir;

[0175] Underground reservoirs, especially oil and gas reservoirs or mineral deposits, are the main targets of seismic exploration. Through three-dimensional seismic imaging, the morphology, thickness, depth, and distribution of underground reservoirs can be accurately depicted. Faults are important features in underground structures, which can affect the distribution of underground reservoirs, the migration of oil and gas, etc.

[0176] The implementation result unit 403 is used to obtain the linkage implementation result and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0177] In this module, the implementation result unit 403 obtains the linkage implementation result. In the seismic exploration and imaging system, the linkage implementation result refers to the three-dimensional structure image of the underground medium and related geological parameters obtained through the combined analysis of reflected imaging and transmitted imaging, such as wave velocity, density, thickness, reservoir characteristics, and fault characteristics.

[0178] Sending these results from the exploration and calculation system to the terminal device can help geological engineers, explorers, or other decision-makers obtain relevant underground information in real time and make further exploration, mining, and resource assessment decisions based on it.

[0179] In one embodiment, a computer device is proposed. The computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the following steps are implemented:

[0180] Obtain seismic wave data, where the seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data, and wave velocity changes, and preprocess the seismic wave data;

[0181] Obtain the type of seismic wave, obtain the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined to be reflection data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflection data to obtain a reflection imaging result;

[0182] If it is determined to be transmission data, obtain wave velocity change data, and perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain a transmission imaging result;

[0183] Perform a linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. The linkage implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, obtain a linkage implementation result, and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0184] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. A computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor is caused to execute the following steps:

[0185] Obtain seismic wave data, where the seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data, and wave velocity changes, and preprocess the seismic wave data;

[0186] Obtain the type of seismic wave, obtain the imaging method, where the imaging method includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined to be reflection data, perform reflection imaging based on the reflection data to obtain a reflection imaging result;

[0187] If it is determined to be transmission data, obtain wave velocity change data, and perform transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain a transmission imaging result;

[0188] Perform a linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result. The linkage implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, obtain a linkage implementation result, and send the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

[0189] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments of the present invention are shown in sequence according to the indications of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear indication in this article, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in each embodiment may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed alternately or in turn with at least a part of other steps or sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0190] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes of implementing the methods in the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Among them, any reference to a memory, storage, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in the present application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memories. Non-volatile memories can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memories can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0191] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0192] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the patent for the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

[0193] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid seismic imaging method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquire seismic wave data, wherein the seismic wave data includes transmission data, reflection data and wave velocity change, and pre-process the seismic wave data; Obtaining the type of seismic waves and the imaging mode, wherein the imaging mode includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If it is determined to be reflection data, reflection imaging is performed according to the reflection data to obtain the reflection imaging result; If it is determined to be transmission data, wave velocity change data is obtained, transmission imaging is performed based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and a transmission imaging result is obtained; The reflection imaging results and the transmission imaging results are linked and implemented, and the linked implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, and the linked implementation results are obtained and sent to the terminal.

2. A rapid seismic imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the type of seismic wave and the imaging mode, wherein the imaging mode includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging, and if it is determined to be reflection data, performing reflection imaging according to the reflection data, and obtaining the reflection imaging result specifically includes: Acquire the type of seismic waves, which include reflected waves and transmitted waves, and acquire imaging methods, which include reflected imaging and transmitted imaging; Acquiring seismic detector data, wherein the seismic detector is used to distinguish seismic waves as reflected waves or transmitted waves; If it is determined to be reflection data, reflection imaging is performed based on the reflection data, and the reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground to obtain a reflection imaging result.

3. A rapid seismic imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: If it is determined to be transmission data, the wave velocity change data is obtained, and transmission imaging is performed according to the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain the transmission imaging result. Specifically, the steps include: If it is determined to be transmission data, wave velocity change data is obtained, where the wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, and the propagation time of the transmission wave is calculated; Obtain the propagation speed of the transmission wave of different media, and determine the propagation medium according to the propagation speed; Transmission imaging is performed based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain the transmission imaging result.

4. A rapid seismic imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of performing linkage implementation on the reflection imaging result and the transmission imaging result, wherein the linkage implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, obtaining linkage implementation results, and sending the linkage implementation results to the terminal specifically includes: The reflection imaging results and transmission imaging results are linked and implemented, and the wave velocity, density and thickness of the underground are inferred through comprehensive data inversion; Inverting the combined data to generate three-dimensional seismic imaging, the three-dimensional seismic imaging including subsurface reservoir and fault features; Get the linkage implementation results and send the linkage implementation results to the terminal.

5. A rapid seismic imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preprocessing includes filtering, denoising and alignment processing.

6. A rapid seismic imaging system, characterized in that: The system comprises: An initial module, which acquires seismic wave data, including transmission data, reflection data and wave velocity changes, and pre-processes the seismic wave data; A reflection module obtains the type of seismic waves and the imaging mode, wherein the imaging mode includes reflection imaging and transmission imaging. If the data is determined to be reflection data, reflection imaging is performed based on the reflection data to obtain the reflection imaging result. The refraction module, if it is determined to be transmission data, obtains the wave velocity change data, performs transmission imaging based on the transmission data and the wave velocity change data, and obtains the transmission imaging result; The joint implementation module performs linkage implementation on the reflection imaging results and the transmission imaging results, wherein the linkage implementation includes comprehensive data inversion and three-dimensional seismic imaging, obtains linkage implementation results, and sends the linkage implementation results to the terminal.

7. A rapid seismic imaging system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reflection module comprises: A type unit, which obtains the type of seismic waves, including reflection waves and transmission waves, and obtains imaging modes, including reflection imaging and transmission imaging; a distinguishing unit, which acquires data from a seismic detector, wherein the seismic detector is used to distinguish whether a seismic wave is a reflected wave or a transmitted wave; The reflection unit, if determined to be reflection data, performs reflection imaging according to the reflection data, wherein the reflection imaging is used to construct a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image of the underground and obtain a reflection imaging result.

8. A rapid seismic imaging system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The refraction module comprises: The transmission unit, if it is determined to be transmission data, obtains wave velocity change data, wherein the wave velocity change is caused by passing through different media, and calculates the propagation time of the transmission wave; A propagation velocity unit is used to obtain the propagation velocity of the transmission wave of different media and determine the propagation medium according to the propagation velocity; The transmission imaging unit performs transmission imaging according to the transmission data and the wave velocity change data to obtain the transmission imaging result.

9. A seismic rapid imaging system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The joint implementation module includes: The linkage implementation unit implements the reflection imaging results and the transmission imaging results in a linkage manner, and infers the wave velocity, density and thickness of the underground through comprehensive data inversion; A three-dimensional imaging unit, combining the comprehensive data with inversion to generate three-dimensional seismic imaging, wherein the three-dimensional seismic imaging includes underground reservoir and fault features; The implementation result unit obtains the linkage implementation result and sends the linkage implementation result to the terminal.

10. A seismic rapid imaging system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preprocessing includes filtering, denoising and alignment processing.

Images