Flexible quasi-solid reversible metal electro-deposition type intelligent window device beneficial to pavement and preparation method of flexible quasi-solid reversible metal electro-deposition type intelligent window device

Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible quasi-solid reversible metal electro-deposition type intelligent window device beneficial to pavement and a preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal regulation and control intelligent windows. The intelligent window device comprises a flexible and bendable transparent conductive electrode, a quasi-solid electrolyte prepared by an in-situ polymerization technology, edge sealing glue and a sandwich structure of the flexible transparent conductive electrode, the quasi-solid electrolyte and the flexible transparent conductive electrode. The device is simple in preparation method, low in cost and suitable for large-area and large-scale production; the device has extremely high stability and safety and excellent mechanical bending performance, and the problem that electrolyte is prone to leakage is solved; the device can regulate and control the light transmittance according to the needs of a user, privacy protection is achieved, and a driver in a vehicle or indoor personnel can keep comfortable feeling; the device can control heat transfer in a vehicle or between the interior and the outside, facilitates temperature control and improves energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photothermal regulation intelligent windows, and particularly relates to a flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type intelligent window device which is conducive to paving and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photothermal regulation intelligent window is an emerging technology that can effectively reduce the energy consumption of heating and cooling in buildings or vehicles. Traditional electrochromic intelligent windows are mainly based on electrochromic oxides or organic molecules, which have certain limitations in terms of color, contrast, and durability. In contrast, intelligent windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) have a wider range of visible light and solar radiation regulation. Reversible metal electrodeposition devices use the reversible electrodeposition method of repeatedly depositing and dissolving metals (such as Cu, Bi, Au, Ag, etc.) on the transparent conductive electrode of the working electrode for light modulation. Among them, the electrolyte inside the device dissolves almost colorless metal salts. When a cathodic potential is applied to the electrode, the metal cations inside the electrolyte are reduced to the metal form and adhere to the electrode surface, forming a metal film that effectively blocks light. When a reverse voltage is applied, the metal deposited on the electrode surface will be oxidized and dissolved back into the electrolyte again, making the device return to a transparent state.

[0003] Currently, intelligent windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) mainly use liquid or gel electrolytes. Although these two electrolytes have good ionic conductivity, they have inherent problems such as low chemical stability, flammability, and easy leakage. To solve this contradiction, researchers have been exploring new electrolyte materials, such as quasi-solid-state electrolytes, which have attracted much attention because they combine the advantages of liquid and solid electrolytes. In addition, when applied to buildings or vehicles with curved surfaces, such as modern building designs or increasingly popular panoramic sunroofs of cars, flexible and bendable dynamic intelligent windows become crucial.

[0004] Chinese patent application document CN118348715A discloses a preparation method of a quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition device. This method gelates an electrolyte salt and a hydroxyl-containing polymer matrix to obtain a quasi-solid-state gel polymer electrolyte. However, this process results in the degree of gelation being determined by the placement environment and time, making it difficult to accurately control the degree of gelation during production.

[0005] The Chinese patent application document CN119270552A discloses a flexible reversible metal electrodeposition device for the thermal management of curved transparent enclosures. This device still uses a gel electrolyte with a relatively high initial viscosity but with fluidity. However, the problem of directly using a gel electrolyte with a high viscosity is that during preparation, the poor fluidity of the electrolyte leads to difficult injection and extremely easy occurrence of bubbles, resulting in a poor contact interface. Eventually, it is difficult to enlarge the device area, and the industrial production cost is high and the process is complex. In addition, due to the still fluid electrolyte, the flexible device still cannot avoid the problem of electrolyte leakage, and it is not conducive to paving on a curved surface. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the problems of poor chemical stability, easy leakage, and difficult encapsulation of the electrolyte of the existing reversible metal electrodeposition device. The present invention provides a method for in-situ controllable preparation of a quasi-solid electrolyte without fluidity, and based on this, develops a flexible dimming and heat control intelligent window that can be easily paved on curved buildings or vehicle panoramic sunroofs.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a flexible quasi-solid reversible metal electrodeposition type intelligent window device that is conducive to paving. The device includes: a flexible and bendable transparent conductive electrode, a quasi-solid electrolyte containing metal salts, and a sealing edge glue. The device structure is a sandwich structure of a first transparent conductive electrode - quasi-solid electrolyte - second transparent conductive electrode composed of two flexible electrodes sandwiching the quasi-solid electrolyte.

[0009] Preferably, the flexible transparent conductive electrode is one of indium tin oxide - polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) or indium tin oxide - polyethylene naphthalate (ITO-PEN).

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the first transparent conductive electrode is 0.1 mm to 1 mm, the thickness of the electrolyte layer is 10 μm to 1000 μm, and the thickness of the second transparent conductive electrode is equal to that of the first transparent conductive electrode.

[0011] Preferably, the sealing edge glue can be selected from 3M double-sided tape (3m4905), UV curable glue, silicone sealant, or thermoplastic resin, etc.

[0012] The preparation method of the device specifically includes the following steps:

[0013] I. Electrode pretreatment:

[0014] Ultrasonically clean the transparent conductive electrodes with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water for 15 minutes respectively, then dry the surface with nitrogen, and use oxygen plasma for cleaning;

[0015] II. Preparation of Quasi-Solid-State Electrolyte Precursor Solution:

[0016] Dissolve metal salts and related additives in a solvent, then add polymer monomers and initiator materials, and use a magnetic stirrer to mix and stir for 12 hours under light-shielded conditions. The two can be further fused by ultrasonic oscillation to form a homogeneous system and obtain a precursor solution;

[0017] III. Assembly of Devices and In-Situ Polymerization of Electrolytes:

[0018] Separate the two ITO-PEN flexible transparent conductive electrodes of the same size with a 500-micron-thick polytetrafluoroethylene gasket to achieve precise control of the thickness;

[0019] Use the edge-sealing glue to encapsulate the four sides, leaving only a liquid injection port 3 - 5 mm wide to prepare a flexible device cavity shell, and then extract the polytetrafluoroethylene gasket;

[0020] Inject the precursor electrolyte solution into the flexible device cavity shell;

[0021] Subsequently, use the technology of ultraviolet light initiation or thermal initiation in-situ polymerization to completely realize in-situ polymerization of the precursor solution, that is, convert the electrolyte from a liquid state to a non-flowable quasi-solid state, and the liquid injection port does not need to be encapsulated.

[0022] Preferably, the solvent includes at least one of propylene carbonate, N-methylpyrrolidone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0023] Preferably, the polymer monomer includes at least one of acrylic acid derivatives such as methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.

[0024] Principle of the in-situ polymerization technology:

[0025] The initiator will generate free radicals under the excitation of ultraviolet light or high temperature. The free radicals will break the unstable double bonds of the polymer monomers, causing the monomers to crosslink with each other, and finally produce a network polymer structure. The polymer skeleton effectively captures the liquid solvent to form a non-flowable quasi-solid-state electrolyte.

[0026] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type intelligent window device based on in-situ polymerization technology, which successfully solves the problems of easy leakage, poor stability, and low safety factor of liquid electrolytes in reversible metal electrodeposition type intelligent window devices, and makes the device a flexible device that can be bent at any large angle, facilitating paving on curved surfaces and meeting the flexible needs of application scenarios such as automotive panoramic sunroofs and curved curtain walls. The preparation process of the quasi-solid electrolyte disclosed in the present invention is simple, low-cost, and suitable for large-scale production; the intelligent window device provided by the present invention can adjust the light transmittance according to the needs of users. Users can choose different states of transparency, dark shading, and specular reflection according to their needs to achieve privacy protection and keep drivers or indoor personnel comfortable. Moreover, the intelligent window device can control the heat transfer between the inside and outside of the vehicle or room, helping to control the temperature, reducing the cooling energy consumption of air conditioners in hot summers, improving energy efficiency, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions caused by heating and environmental pollution in cold winters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on the provided drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure and working principle of the flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type intelligent window device in Embodiment 1;

[0029] Figure 2 Transmittance spectra of the device in Embodiment 1 in the transparent state and the specular reflection state;

[0030] Figure 3 Reflectance spectra of the device in Embodiment 1 in the transparent state and the specular reflection state;

[0031] Figure 4 Cyclic service life diagram of the device in Embodiment 1;

[0032] Figure 5 Photos of the device in Embodiments 1 to 4 in the transparent state and the specular reflection state, including optical photos of the device being bent inside and outside. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] Step 1, Electrode pretreatment:

[0036] The transparent conductive electrodes are ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water for 15 minutes respectively, then the surfaces are dried with nitrogen, and oxygen plasma cleaning is used.

[0037] Step 2, Preparation of precursor solution:

[0038] Dissolve 50 mM AgNO 3 (Silver nitrate), 10 mM CuCl 2 (Copper chloride), and 250 mM TBABr (tetrabutylammonium bromide) in the organic solvent NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), and mix and stir with a magnetic stirrer for 12 hours under light-shielded conditions. Then, ultrasonic treatment is used to make them fully mixed, thereby forming a homogeneous system. Add 20 wt% of EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) as a crosslinking monomer and 1 wt% of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator, and continue to mix and stir with a magnetic stirrer for 5 hours under light-shielded conditions to obtain the precursor solution for photoinitiated in-situ crosslinking. At this time, the viscosity of this solution is very low and is basically the same as that of ordinary liquid electrolytes.

[0039] Step 3, Device assembly and in-situ polymerization of electrolyte:

[0040] Use a 500-micron-thick polytetrafluoroethylene gasket between two ITO-PEN flexible transparent conductive electrodes, and use 0.5-mm-thick 3M double-sided tape to encapsulate the four sides, leaving only a 5-mm-wide liquid injection port to prepare a flexible electrochromic device cavity shell. Inject the prepared precursor electrolyte solution into the flexible electrochromic device cavity shell, and let it stand for 10 minutes to fully fill the cavity shell with the electrolyte and discharge all the bubbles.

[0041] Then, irradiate it with an ultraviolet light source (Haoyun Optoelectronics) with a central wavelength of 365 nm and a light power of 3 W for 5 min to completely realize in-situ polymerization of the precursor solution, that is, to convert the electrolyte in the cavity shell from a liquid state to a non-flowable quasi-solid state. The liquid injection port does not need to be encapsulated, and there is no risk of electrolyte leakage, or hot-melt adhesive can be selected for sealing.

[0042] Finally, the flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type intelligent window device is obtained. As Figure 1 shown, the device has a sandwich structure of flexible transparent conductive electrode - quasi-solid-state electrolyte - flexible transparent conductive electrode. The working principle of the device is that when an appropriate potential is applied to one side electrode, the metal Ag ions inside the electrolyte are reduced to the metal form and adhere to the electrode surface, forming a metal Ag film that effectively blocks and reflects light. At this time, the device is in a specular reflection state. When an appropriate reverse voltage is applied, the metal Ag deposited on the electrode surface will be oxidized and dissolved in the electrolyte again, making the device return to the transparent state. As Figure 5 shown, the device can switch between the transparent state and the specular reflection state, and the device can be bent bidirectionally in the working state.

[0043] The electrical and optical properties of the device are tested:

[0044] The electrochemical measurement is carried out on an electrochemical workstation (CHI660E, Chenhua, Shanghai). The ion conductivity is tested using the electrochemical workstation. The cyclic life of the device is tested by the multi-potential step method, and the test parameters are: applying a coloring voltage of -2.7V and a fading voltage of +0.8V to the working electrode of the device, and cycling 1000 times. The transmittance and reflectance (300 - 2500nm) of the device are tested using a UV3600Plus UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer (Shimadzu Corporation) with an ISR-603 integrating sphere accessory. The test results show that the ion conductivity of the quasi-solid-state electrolyte is 0.4mS / cm. As Figure 4 shown, the cyclic life of the device can reach more than 1000 times. As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the weighted average solar transmittance of the device in the transparent state is 83.2%, and the weighted average solar reflectance is 6.4%; the weighted average solar transmittance of the device in the specular reflection state is 0.1%, and the weighted average solar reflectance is 87.4%. The modulation range of the device for sunlight reaches 83.1%.

[0045] The heat insulation ability of the device is tested:

[0046] The outdoor experiment was conducted under clear weather conditions in Changchun, China during summer. A square acrylic box with a side length of 12 cm was used as the housing model, surrounded by 30-mm thick insulating foam on all sides. Aluminum foil was pasted on the four sides and the bottom of the box, and the top of the box was covered with samples to be tested (ordinary glass (Liaoning Kaitou New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.), devices in a specular reflection state). A T-type thermocouple was placed inside each box and connected to a dat 2 acquisition module DAM-4501 (Xunyan Electronics). The total solar radiation emitter VMS-300AL-RA-N01 (VEMSEE) was used to measure solar radiation, and a thermocouple exposed to the air environment was used to measure the real-time temperature. The test results showed that: under a solar radiation intensity of 160 W / m 2 After 120 minutes, the temperature inside the model house equipped with the device in the specular reflection state was 12.3 degrees Celsius lower than that inside the model house equipped with ordinary glass. It can be seen that compared with ordinary glass, the device effectively blocked the entry of heat and achieved the effect of temperature control.

[0047] The device was tested for its bending ability:

[0048] The flexible device was cyclically bent with a fixed bending radius of 0.125 cm, and the transmittance of the transparent state and the specular reflection state of the device was measured. The results showed that after 1000 bending cycles, the transmittance of the specular reflection state increased from 0.2% to 8.5%, only increasing by about 8.3%. This indicates that the device has relatively excellent mechanical properties and is suitable for paving on curved surfaces.

[0049] Example 2:

[0050] The only difference between this example and Example 1 is that the material of the precursor solution described in Step 2 was replaced. Specifically, 50 mM AgNO 3 (silver nitrate), 10 mM CuCl 2 (copper chloride), and 250 mM BrLi (lithium bromide) were dissolved in the organic solvent DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and mixed and stirred for 12 hours using a magnetic stirrer under light-shielded conditions. It was ultrasonically treated to ensure thorough mixing, thereby forming a homogeneous system. 20 wt% of EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) was added as a crosslinking monomer and 1 wt% of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone was added as a photoinitiator;

[0051] The electrical and optical properties of the device were tested: The test method was the same as in Case 1. The test results showed that the ionic conductivity of the quasi-solid electrolyte was 0.5 mS / cm, and the cycle life of the device could reach 1400 times. The average solar transmittance of the device in the transparent state was 85.3%, and the average solar reflectance was 6.1%; the average solar transmittance of the device in the specular reflection state was 0.3%, and the average solar reflectance was 88.4%. The modulation range of the device for sunlight reached 85%.

[0052] The heat insulation ability of the device was tested: The test method was the same as in Case 1. The test results showed that: under the solar radiation intensity of 160 W / m 2 , after 120 minutes, the temperature inside the model room equipped with the device in the specular reflection state was 11.2 degrees Celsius lower than that inside the model room equipped with ordinary glass.

[0053] The bending ability of the device was tested: The test method was the same as in Case 1. The results showed that: after 1000 bending cycles, the transmittance of the specular reflection state increased from 1.2% to 9.7%, only increasing by about 8.5%.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] The only difference between this example and Example 2 is that: the polymer monomer was changed from one kind to a system of copolymerization of two monomers. The specific steps are as follows:

[0056] Step 2. Preparation of precursor solution materials: Dissolve 50 mM AgNO 3 (silver nitrate), 10 mM CuCl 2 (copper chloride), and 250 mM BrLi (lithium bromide) in the organic solvent DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). Use a magnetic stirrer to mix and stir for 12 hours under light-shielded conditions, and make it fully mixed by ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous system. Add 20 wt% of EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and 10 wt% of MMA (methyl methacrylate) as crosslinking monomers and 1 wt% of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone as a photoinitiator, and continue to use a magnetic stirrer to mix and stir for 5 hours under light-shielded conditions to obtain the precursor solution for photoinitiated in-situ crosslinking. At this time, the viscosity of this solution is very low and is basically the same as that of ordinary liquid electrolytes;

[0057] Perform electrical and optical performance tests on the device: The test method is the same as in Case 1. The test results show that the ionic conductivity of the quasi-solid electrolyte is 0.2 mS / cm, and the cycle life of the device can reach 1500 times. The average solar transmittance of the device in the transparent state is 86.2%, and the average solar reflectance is 7.5%; the average solar transmittance of the device in the specular reflection state is 0.1%, and the average solar reflectance is 86.6%. The modulation range of the device for sunlight reaches 86.1%.

[0058] Perform heat insulation capacity tests on the device: The test method is the same as in Case 1. The test results show that: under the solar radiation intensity of 160 W / m 2 , after 120 minutes, the temperature inside the model room equipped with the device in the specular reflection state is 13.2 degrees Celsius lower than that inside the model room equipped with ordinary glass.

[0059] Perform bending ability tests on the device: The test method is the same as in Case 1. The results show that: after 1000 bending cycles, the transmittance of the specular reflection state increases from 0.3% to 8.4%, only increasing by about 8.1%.

[0060] Example 4:

[0061] The difference between this example and Example 3 is that the ultraviolet-induced in-situ polymerization method is replaced by the thermal-induced in-situ polymerization method. The specific steps are as follows:

[0062] Step 1. Electrode pretreatment:

[0063] Ultrasonically clean the transparent conductive electrodes with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water for 15 minutes respectively, then dry the surface with nitrogen and clean it with oxygen plasma;

[0064] Step 2. Preparation of precursor solution materials: Dissolve 50 mM AgNO 3 (silver nitrate), 10 mM CuCl 2 (copper chloride), and 250 mM BrLi (lithium bromide) in the organic solvent DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and use a magnetic stirrer to mix and stir for 12 hours under light-shielded conditions. Make it fully mixed by ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous system. Add 20 wt% of EGDMA (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and 10 wt% of MMA (methyl methacrylate) as cross-linking monomers and 1 wt% of benzoyl peroxide as a thermal initiator, and continue to use a magnetic stirrer to mix and stir for 5 hours under light-shielded conditions to obtain the precursor solution for thermal-induced in-situ cross-linking. At this time, the viscosity of this solution is very low and is basically the same as that of ordinary liquid electrolytes;

[0065] Step 3. Assembly of the device and in-situ polymerization of the electrolyte:

[0066] A 500-micron-thick polytetrafluoroethylene gasket was placed between two ITO-PEN flexible transparent conductive electrodes, and the four sides were encapsulated with 0.5-mm-thick 3M double-sided tape, leaving only a 5-mm-wide liquid injection port to prepare a flexible electrochromic device cavity shell. The prepared precursor electrolyte solution was injected into the flexible electrochromic device cavity shell, and it was left standing for 10 minutes to fully fill the cavity shell with the electrolyte and expel all the air bubbles.

[0067] Subsequently, the device was placed in an incubator at 75 °C and waited for 20 minutes to fully achieve in-situ polymerization of the precursor solution. The electrolyte in the cavity shell was transformed from a liquid state to a non-flowable quasi-solid state. The liquid injection port did not need to be encapsulated as there was no risk of electrolyte leakage, or hot melt adhesive could be selected for sealing.

[0068] The electrical and optical properties of the device were tested: The testing method was the same as that in Case 1. The test results showed that the ionic conductivity of the quasi-solid electrolyte was 0.2 mS / cm, and the cycle life of the device could reach 1900 times. The average solar transmittance of the device in the transparent state was 81.3%, and the average solar reflectance was 7.1%; the average solar transmittance of the device in the specular reflection state was 0.2%, and the average solar reflectance was 84.2%. The modulation range of the device for sunlight reached 81.2%.

[0069] The heat insulation ability of the device was tested: The testing method was the same as that in Case 1. The test results showed that under a solar radiation intensity of 160 W / m2, after 120 minutes, the temperature inside the model room equipped with the device in the specular reflection state was 10.1 °C lower than that inside the model room equipped with ordinary glass.

[0070] The bending ability of the device was tested: The testing method was the same as that in Case 1. The results showed that after 1000 bending cycles, the transmittance in the specular reflection state increased from 1.3% to 8.7%, only increasing by about 7.4%.

[0071] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description in the method section.

[0072] The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to practice or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install, characterized in that: The device comprises a flexible and bendable transparent conductive electrode, a quasi-solid electrolyte containing a metal salt, and an edge-sealing adhesive. The device structure is a sandwich structure of a flexible transparent conductive electrode-quasi-solid electrolyte-flexible transparent conductive electrode.

2. The flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quasi-solid electrolyte containing metal salt is prepared by in-situ polymerization technology, and the in-situ polymerization method includes ultraviolet light initiation in-situ polymerization or heat initiation in-situ polymerization.

3. The flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible and bendable transparent conductive electrode is one of indium tin oxide-polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) or indium tin oxide-polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PEN).

4. The flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal in the quasi-solid electrolyte containing metal salt is at least one of gold, silver, copper, zinc and bismuth.

5. The flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer monomer in the quasi-solid electrolyte containing metal salt is at least one of methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate or other acrylate derivatives.

6. The flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initiator in the quasi-solid electrolyte containing metal salt is 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone or dibenzoyl peroxide.

7. A method for preparing a flexible quasi-solid-state reversible metal electrodeposition type smart window device that is easy to install, characterized in that: include: The flexible transparent conductive electrode was ultrasonically cleaned with acetone, ethanol, and deionized water for 15 minutes, then the surface was blown dry with nitrogen and cleaned with oxygen plasma; Dissolve the metal salt and related additives in a solvent, then add the polymer monomer and initiator material; use a magnetic stirrer to mix and stir for 12 hours under light-proof conditions, and further fuse the two by ultrasonic vibration to form a homogeneous system to obtain a precursor solution; Separating the two flexible transparent conductive electrodes of the same size with a 500-micron-thick polytetrafluoroethylene spacer to achieve precise thickness control; The edge sealing adhesive is used to seal the periphery, leaving only a 3-5 mm wide injection port, to prepare a flexible device cavity shell, and the polytetrafluoroethylene gasket is removed; Injecting the precursor solution into the flexible device cavity shell; The precursor solution is completely polymerized in situ using ultraviolet light-induced or thermally-induced polymerization, which converts the electrolyte from a liquid state to a non-flowable quasi-solid state.

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