Battery equalization management method and device based on port multiplexing

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a battery equalization management method and device based on port multiplexing. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a state-of-charge value of each single battery according to a sampling value of an electrical basic physical quantity; calculating a difference value between the state-of-charge value of each single battery and an average state-of-charge value of the battery pack to which the single battery belongs; determining the single batteries of which the difference values exceed a preset equalization threshold value as unbalanced batteries; and formulating an equalization sequence of the unbalanced batteries, and conducting the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the equalization sequence, so that the unbalanced batteries are connected with a primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy adjustment. According to the embodiment of the invention, the hardware complexity and the system cost are reduced by greatly reducing the usage amount of switch components. Meanwhile, the framework also improves the equalization efficiency and flexibility of the retired battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery management systems, and particularly to a battery equalization management method and device based on port multiplexing. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there is an increasing demand for efficient and reliable battery management technologies in fields such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and renewable energy storage. Existing battery management systems generally use independent DC-DC converters for equalization control of each battery module. This method has problems such as high hardware cost, large system complexity, and low efficiency.

[0003] Previously, traditional battery management systems achieved multi-module equalization through complex hardware structures, which not only increased the volume and weight of the equipment but also might lead to increased energy loss, thereby reducing the overall efficiency and reliability of the system. For example, a patent with the name "A Battery Pack Active Equalization System and Active Equalization Method" applied by Harbin University of Science and Technology on July 4, 2024, and with a publication number of CN118783587A proposed a brand-new design architecture. It uses n serially connected battery cells to form a battery pack and configures an equalization circuit for each battery cell respectively. In this way, this solution can effectively improve the battery equalization rate and better ensure the charging efficiency. However, for the equalization problem of long series battery packs, the prior art has not fully considered the hardware cost. This design requires a large number of components, increasing the complexity and cost of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a battery equalization management method and device based on port multiplexing, which significantly reduce the usage of switching components, lower the hardware complexity and system cost. At the same time, this architecture also improves the equalization efficiency and flexibility of retired battery packs.

[0005] In the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a battery equalization management method based on port multiplexing is provided, which is applied to an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes m serially connected battery packs, each of the battery packs includes n serially connected single cells. The positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch. Two adjacent single cells share a selection switch. The other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary side port of a multi-port converter. The positive electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the first single cell of the first battery pack, and the negative electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the nth single cell of the mth battery pack. Both m and n are integers greater than 0. The method includes: Calculating the state of charge value of each single cell according to the sampled values of basic electrical physical quantities; Calculate the difference between the state of charge value of each of the single cells and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; Determine the unbalanced cells whose difference exceeds a preset equalization threshold as unbalanced cells; Formulate the equalization sequence of the unbalanced cells, and turn on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch in accordance with the equalization sequence, so that the unbalanced cells are connected to the primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0006] Exemplarily, the multiplexing switch includes 4 selection switches. Among them, one end of the first selection switch and one end of the third selection switch are connected to the selection switches of each even-numbered single cell in the battery pack corresponding to the multiplexing switch, and one end of the second selection switch and one end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the selection switches of each odd-numbered single cell in the battery pack corresponding to the multiplexing switch. The other end of the first selection switch and the other end of the second selection switch are connected to the positive pole of the primary side port of the multi-port converter, and the other end of the third selection switch and the other end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the negative pole of the primary side port of the multi-port converter.

[0007] Exemplarily, the turning on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch in accordance with the equalization sequence includes: Determine the battery pack that needs to be equalized currently in accordance with the equalization sequence; If the unbalanced cells in the currently required equalized battery pack are odd-numbered cells, turn on the selection switches of the odd-numbered cells and the second selection switch and the third selection switch in the multiplexing switch corresponding to the currently required equalized battery pack; If the unbalanced cells in the currently required equalized battery pack are even-numbered cells, turn on the selection switches of the even-numbered cells and the first selection switch and the fourth selection switch in the multiplexing switch corresponding to the currently required equalized battery pack.

[0008] Exemplarily, the calculating the state of charge value of each of the single cells according to the sampled value of the basic electrical physical quantity includes: If the basic electrical physical quantity is voltage, calculate the state of charge value of each of the single cells according to one of the voltage method, the open circuit voltage method, the cumulative charge integration method and the sampled value of the voltage; or, If the basic electrical physical quantity is current and voltage, calculate the state of charge value of each of the single cells according to the Kalman filtering method and the sampled values of the current and the voltage.

[0009] In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a battery equalization management device based on port multiplexing is provided, which is applied to an energy storage system. The energy storage system includes m battery packs connected in series, each battery pack includes n single cells connected in series, the positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch, two adjacent single cells share a selection switch, the other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary side port of a multi-port converter, the positive electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the first single cell of the first battery pack, the negative electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the nth single cell of the mth battery pack, and both m and n are integers greater than 0. The device includes: A state of charge calculation unit, configured to calculate the state of charge value of each single cell according to the sampled values of basic electrical physical quantities; A charge difference calculation unit, configured to calculate the difference between the state of charge value of each single cell and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; An unbalanced battery determination unit, configured to determine the single cells with the difference exceeding a preset equalization threshold as unbalanced batteries; A charge equalization unit, configured to formulate the equalization sequence of the unbalanced batteries, and turn on the selection switches and the multiplexing switches according to the equalization sequence, so that the unbalanced batteries are connected to the primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0010] In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing is provided. The battery equalization management system includes an energy storage system, a switch array, a multiplexing switch, a multi-port converter, and a controller; The energy storage system includes m battery packs connected in series, each battery pack includes n single cells connected in series, the positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch, two adjacent single cells share a selection switch, the other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary side port of a multi-port converter, the positive electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the positive electrode of the first single cell of the first battery pack, the negative electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the negative electrode of the nth single cell of the mth battery pack, and both m and n are integers greater than 0. The switch array is composed of m(n + 1) selection switches; The controller calculates the state of charge value of each single battery based on the sampled values of basic electrical physical quantities; calculates the difference between the state of charge value of each single battery and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single battery belongs; determines the unbalanced batteries whose differences exceed a preset equalization threshold; formulates the equalization order of the unbalanced batteries, and turns on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the equalization order, so that the unbalanced batteries are connected to the primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0011] Exemplarily, the multiplexing switch includes 4 selection switches. Among them, one end of the first selection switch and one end of the third selection switch are connected to the selection switches of each even single battery in the battery pack corresponding to the multiplexing switch, one end of the second selection switch and one end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the selection switches of each odd single battery in the battery pack corresponding to the multiplexing switch, the other end of the first selection switch and the other end of the second selection switch are connected to the positive pole of the primary side port of the multi-port converter, and the other end of the third selection switch and the other end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the negative pole of the primary side port of the multi-port converter.

[0012] Exemplarily, if the basic electrical physical quantity is voltage, the battery equalization management system further includes a voltage monitoring circuit, and the controller obtains the voltage sampled value through the voltage monitoring circuit; or, if the basic electrical physical quantity is current, the battery equalization management system further includes a current monitoring circuit, and the controller obtains the current sampled value through the current monitoring circuit; or, if the basic electrical physical quantity is current and voltage, the battery equalization management system further includes a current monitoring circuit and a voltage monitoring circuit, and the controller obtains the current sampled value through the current monitoring circuit and obtains the voltage sampled value through the voltage monitoring circuit.

[0013] A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory; The processor is connected to the memory. Among them, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call the computer program to execute the method in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application.

[0014] A fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a processor, the method in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application is executed.

[0015] In this application, the positive and negative electrodes of each single battery in the energy storage system are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single battery belongs through a selection switch. Two adjacent single batteries share a selection switch. The other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary side port of the multi-port converter. The positive electrode of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter is connected to the first single battery of the first battery pack, and the negative electrode of the secondary side port is connected to the nth single battery of the mth battery pack. Thus, the position of the unbalanced battery can be determined through the state of charge of the battery, and then the balancing sequence can be formulated, and the selection switch and the multiplexing switch are turned on according to the balancing sequence, so that the unbalanced battery is connected to the primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0016] Compared with a design architecture proposed in a patent with the name "A Battery Pack Active Balancing System and Active Balancing Method" and the publication number CN118783587A, which uses n series-connected battery monomers to form a battery pack and configures an equalization circuit for each battery monomer. If there are m battery packs, mn multiplexing switches are required. In this application, each battery pack is equipped with one multiplexing switch, and only m multiplexing switches are needed for m battery packs, greatly reducing the usage of switching components and lowering the hardware complexity and system cost. At the same time, this architecture also improves the equalization efficiency and flexibility of retired battery packs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0018] Figure 1 FIG. shows a schematic diagram of a battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 FIG. shows a schematic flow diagram of a battery equalization management method based on port multiplexing provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 FIG. shows a working schematic diagram of the equalization process of the first group of unbalanced batteries with an odd number of cells provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 FIG. shows a working schematic diagram of the equalization process of the first group of unbalanced batteries with an even number of cells provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 FIG. shows a working schematic diagram of the equalization process of the second group of unbalanced batteries with an odd number of cells provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6Shows a schematic diagram of the operation of the second group of even-section unbalanced battery equalization process provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0019] Figure 7 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery equalization management device based on port multiplexing provided by an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 Shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 , which shows a schematic diagram of a battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing provided by an embodiment of the present application. The battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing may include: an energy storage system 10, a switch array 20, a multiplexing switch 30, a multi-port converter 40, and a controller 50.

[0022] The energy storage system 10 includes m series-connected battery packs, and each battery pack includes n series-connected single cells , where the value range of i is 1 to m, and the value range of j is 1 to n. For example, the battery pack includes n single cells , the battery pack includes n single cells , ···, the battery pack includes n single cells , and both m and n are integers greater than 0.

[0023] The positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of the multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch, and two adjacent single cells share a selection switch. For example, the positive electrode of the single cell is connected to one end of the multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single cell belongs (i.e., the i-th multiplexing switch) through a selection switch , and the negative electrode of the single cell and the positive electrode of the single cell are both connected to one end of a selection switch is connected to one end of the multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single cell belongs (i.e., the i-th multiplexing switch). Each battery pack can share a primary side port or not, which is not limited here. Figure 1 Shows the case where each battery pack can share a primary side port.

[0024] The secondary side port of the multi-port converter 40 whose positive pole is connected to the first single cell of the first battery pack The negative pole of the secondary side port of the multi-port converter 40 is connected to the n-th single cell of the m-th battery pack whose negative pole is connected.

[0025] The switch array 20 consists of m(n + 1) selection switches ( , ··· , , ··· , ······, , ··· ).

[0026] The multiplexing switch 30 includes 4 selection switches. Among them, one end of the first selection switch and one end of the third selection switch are connected to the selection switches of each even single cell in the battery pack corresponding to the multiplexing switch, one end of the second selection switch and one end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the selection switches of each odd single cell in the battery pack corresponding to the multiplexing switch, the other end of the first selection switch and the other end of the second selection switch are connected to the positive pole of the primary side port of the multi-port converter, and the other end of the third selection switch and the other end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the negative pole of the primary side port of the multi-port converter.

[0027] The controller 50 is a device for controlling and managing the operation of a system or device. It can receive input signals, process them according to preset rules and algorithms, and output control signals to adjust the working state of the system or device. In this application, the controller 50 calculates the state of charge value of each single cell through the sampling value of the basic electrical physical quantity; calculates the difference between the state of charge value of each single cell and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; determines the unbalanced cells whose differences exceed the preset equalization threshold; formulates the equalization order of the unbalanced cells, and turns on the selection switches and the multiplexing switches according to the equalization order so that the unbalanced cells are connected to the primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0028] Exemplarily, if the basic electrical physical quantity is voltage, the battery equalization management system further includes a voltage monitoring circuit 70, and the controller 50 obtains voltage sampling values through the voltage monitoring circuit 70; or, If the basic electrical physical quantity is current, the battery equalization management system further includes a current monitoring circuit 70, and the controller obtains current sampling values through the current monitoring circuit 80; or, If the basic electrical physical quantity is current and voltage, the battery equalization management system further includes a current monitoring circuit 80 and a voltage monitoring circuit 70. The controller obtains current sampling values through the current monitoring circuit 80 and obtains voltage sampling values through the voltage monitoring circuit 70.

[0029] Further, the voltage monitoring circuit 70 and the current monitoring circuit 80 can communicate with the controller 50 through a network. The voltage monitoring circuit 70 and the current monitoring circuit 80 can be directly or indirectly connected to the controller 50 through wired or wireless communication methods, so that the voltage values sampled by the voltage monitoring circuit 70 and / or the current values sampled by the current monitoring circuit 80 are transmitted to the controller 50. This application does not make any limitations here.

[0030] Further, the battery equalization management system further includes a drive circuit 60 connected to the controller 50. The controller 50 can close or open the selection switch through the drive signal generated by the drive circuit 60. The controller 50 can also set the working state of the multi-port converter 40 through the drive signal generated by the drive circuit 60.

[0031] Exemplarily, the multi-port converter can include at least one of the following: a full-bridge topology multi-port converter, an LLC resonant multi-port converter, a CLLC resonant multi-port converter, a flyback multi-port converter, and a forward multi-port converter.

[0032] Exemplarily, the selection switch can be a mechanical switch, a relay switch, an electronic switch, a switching tube, or other types of switches. In an embodiment of this application, the selection switch of this application is a relay switch. In this way, compared with the switching tubes in the prior art, the relay switch of this application has a lower cost.

[0033] It can be seen that in the battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing provided by the present application, the positive and negative electrodes of each single battery in the energy storage system are respectively connected to one end of the multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery pack to which the single battery belongs through a selection switch. Two adjacent single batteries share one selection switch. The other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary port of the multi-port converter. The positive electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the first single battery of the first battery pack, and the negative electrode of the secondary port is connected to the nth single battery of the mth battery pack. Thus, the position of the unbalanced battery can be determined by the state of charge of the battery, and then the equalization sequence can be formulated, and the selection switch and the multiplexing switch are turned on according to the equalization sequence, so that the unbalanced battery is connected to the primary port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0034] Compared with a design architecture proposed in the patent with the name "A Battery Pack Active Equalization System and Active Equalization Method" and the publication number CN118783587A, which uses n series-connected battery cells to form a battery pack and configures an equalization circuit for each battery cell. If there are m battery packs, mn multiplexing switches are required. In the present application, each battery pack is equipped with one multiplexing switch, and only m multiplexing switches are needed for m battery packs, greatly reducing the usage of switching components and lowering the hardware complexity and system cost. At the same time, this architecture also improves the equalization efficiency and flexibility of retired battery packs.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 2 , which shows a schematic flow diagram of the battery equalization management method based on port multiplexing provided by an embodiment of the present application. This method can be applied to Figure 1 the battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing shown in Figure 1 . The execution entity of each step can be Step 201: Calculate the state of charge value of each single battery according to the sampling values of basic electrical physical quantities.

[0036] Among them, the state of charge (SOC) is used to reflect the remaining power of the battery and is generally expressed as a percentage.

[0037] Specifically, the calculating the state of charge value of each single battery according to the sampling values of basic electrical physical quantities includes: If the basic electrical physical quantity is voltage, calculate the state of charge value of each single battery according to one of the voltage method, open circuit voltage method, and cumulative charge integration method and the sampling value of voltage; or, If the basic electrical physical quantity is current and voltage, calculate the state of charge value of each single battery according to the Kalman filtering method and the sampling values of current and voltage.

[0038] Among them, for the voltage method, the SOC is determined according to the following formula: SOC = (sampling value of the current voltage - lowest voltage value) / (highest voltage value - lowest voltage value), and the highest voltage value and the lowest voltage value are set according to the actual situation of the battery.

[0039] Among them, for the open-circuit voltage method, the SOC is calculated according to the relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the SOC. The relationship between the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the SOC is a special function, which specifically needs to be determined according to the type of the battery.

[0040] Among them, for the cumulative charge integration method, first obtain the actual voltage value of the battery and the rated voltage value of the battery obtained by sampling, then calculate the current charge of the battery according to the actual voltage value of the battery, calculate the rated charge of the battery according to the rated voltage value of the battery, and determine the SOC according to the ratio of the current charge of the battery to the rated charge of the battery.

[0041] Among them, the Kalman filtering method is a method for calculating the SOC based on the battery current, voltage and other information. It uses state estimation and Kalman filtering techniques. The specific implementation process is relatively complex and requires the aid of mathematical models and computer algorithms.

[0042] Step 202: Calculate the difference between the state of charge value of each single battery and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single battery belongs.

[0043] The average state of charge value of the battery pack can be determined by summing the state of charge values of all single batteries included in the battery pack and then dividing by the number of single batteries included therein. For example, any one of the single batteries belongs to the battery pack , and the average state of charge value for comparison is also the average state of charge value of the battery pack . The average state of charge value of the battery pack can be determined by summing the state of charge values of the single battery and then dividing by n.

[0044] Step 203: Determine the single battery with the difference exceeding the preset equalization threshold as the unbalanced battery.

[0045] Among them, the preset equalization threshold is determined in advance. For example, the preset equalization threshold can be ±1%, ±2%, ±5% of the average state of charge value of the battery pack, or other values, which are not limited herein. For example, if the average state of charge value of the battery pack is 80%, when the preset equalization threshold is ±1%, the single batteries lower than 79.2% or higher than 80.8% are determined as unbalanced batteries; when the preset equalization threshold is ±2%, the single batteries lower than 78.4% or higher than 81.6% are determined as unbalanced batteries.

[0046] Step 204: Formulate a balancing sequence for the unbalanced battery, and turn on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the balancing sequence, so that the unbalanced battery is connected to the primary port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0047] The balancing order of the battery pack where the unbalanced battery is located can be from large to small according to the corresponding numbers, or from small to large, which is not limited here. The balancing order of the unbalanced batteries in the battery pack can also be from large to small according to the corresponding numbers, or from small to large, or can be determined according to odd numbers and even numbers, for example, the unbalanced batteries with odd numbers are balanced at the same time, and the unbalanced batteries with even numbers are balanced at the same time, which is not limited here.

[0048] Each single cell Corresponding to two selector switches and , which can be to turn on the corresponding selection switch , or it can be to turn on the corresponding selection switch , or it can turn on the corresponding selection switch and , no limitation is made here.

[0049] The multiplexing switch includes four selection switches, one end of the first selection switch and one end of the third selection switch are connected to the selection switch of each even-numbered single cell in the battery group corresponding to the multiplexing switch, one end of the second selection switch and one end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the selection switch of each odd-numbered single cell in the battery group corresponding to the multiplexing switch, the other end of the first selection switch and the other end of the second selection switch are connected to the positive electrode of the primary port of the multi-port converter, and the other end of the third selection switch and the other end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the negative electrode of the primary port of the multi-port converter.

[0050] The working state of the multi-port converter can be a discharge state or a charge state. If the difference is greater than 0, the working state of the multi-port converter is set to the discharge state as unbalanced battery discharge; if the difference is less than 0, the working state of the multi-port converter is set to the charge state as unbalanced battery charge.

[0051] It can be seen that in the battery balancing management method based on port multiplexing provided in the present application, the unbalanced battery in the battery pack is judged by comparing the charge state value of the single cell with the average charge state value of the group to which it belongs, so as to turn on its corresponding selection switch and multiplexing switch to connect to the multi-port converter to form a loop for energy regulation, thereby achieving the balance of the internal charge of the battery pack, which is beneficial to improving the overall performance of the battery pack and improving the safety and service life of the system.

[0052] Meanwhile, compared with a design architecture proposed in a patent with the name "An Active Equalization System and Method for a Battery Pack" and the publication number CN118783587A, which uses n battery cells connected in series to form a battery pack and configures an equalization circuit for each battery cell, if there are m battery packs, then mn multiplexing switches are required. In this application, each battery pack is equipped with one multiplexing switch, and only m multiplexing switches are needed for m battery packs, significantly reducing the usage of switching components and lowering the hardware complexity and system cost. At the same time, this architecture also improves the equalization efficiency and flexibility of retired battery packs.

[0053] In a specific embodiment provided by this application, the step of turning on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the equalization sequence includes: Determining the battery pack that needs to be equalized currently according to the equalization sequence; If the unbalanced battery cells in the currently needed equalized battery pack are odd-numbered battery cells, then turn on the selection switches of the odd-numbered battery cells and the second and third selection switches in the multiplexing switch corresponding to the currently needed equalized battery pack; If the unbalanced battery cells in the currently needed equalized battery pack are even-numbered battery cells, then turn on the selection switches of the even-numbered battery cells and the first and fourth selection switches in the multiplexing switch corresponding to the currently needed equalized battery pack.

[0054] For example, assume that there are only two battery packs, and there are unbalanced battery cells in each battery pack. Among these unbalanced battery cells, there are those with odd numbers and those with even numbers. The formulated equalization sequence is to equalize the first group of batteries first, then the second group of batteries, and to equalize the odd-numbered unbalanced battery cells first, and then the even-numbered unbalanced battery cells. As Figures 3 - 6 shown, the working schematic diagrams of the equalization process of the first group of odd-numbered unbalanced battery cells, the equalization process of the first group of even-numbered unbalanced battery cells, the equalization process of the second group of odd-numbered unbalanced battery cells, and the equalization process of the second group of even-numbered unbalanced battery cells provided by an embodiment of this application are respectively shown. For simplicity of illustration, some components are omitted in the figure. Of course, the equalization sequence can also be to equalize the second group of batteries first, then the first group of batteries, and to equalize the even-numbered unbalanced battery cells first, and then the odd-numbered unbalanced battery cells. The principle can be referred to Figures 3 - 6 , and no further examples will be given here.

[0055] Figure 7 shows the structural schematic diagram of a battery equalization management device based on port multiplexing provided by an embodiment of this application. This device can be applied to Figure 1 the battery equalization management system based on port multiplexing shown in The state-of-charge calculation unit 701 is configured to calculate the state-of-charge value of each of the single cells according to the sampled values of the basic electrical physical quantities; The charge difference calculation unit 702 is configured to calculate the difference between the state-of-charge value of each of the single cells and the average state-of-charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; The unbalanced battery determination unit 703 is configured to determine the single cells with the difference exceeding a preset equalization threshold as unbalanced batteries; The charge equalization unit 704 is configured to formulate the equalization order of the unbalanced batteries, and turn on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the equalization order, so that the unbalanced batteries are connected to the primary side port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

[0056] Figure 8 The schematic structural diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the processor executes the computer program, the functions of the computer system for implementing the battery equalization management method based on port multiplexing in any of the above embodiments are realized.

[0057] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by the computer, the functions of the computer system for implementing the battery equalization management method based on port multiplexing in any of the above embodiments are realized.

[0058] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by the computer, the functions of the computer system for implementing the battery equalization management method based on port multiplexing in any of the above embodiments are realized.

[0059] It can be understood that the specific examples in the present application are only to help those skilled in the art better understand the embodiments of the present application, rather than limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0060] It can be understood that in various embodiments of the present application, the magnitudes of the serial numbers of the processes do not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined according to its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0061] It can be understood that the various embodiments described in the present application can be implemented alone or in combination, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0062] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field of this application. The terms used in this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" used in this application includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items. The singular forms "a", "above-mentioned", and "the" used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0063] It can be understood that the controller 40 in the embodiments of this application can be an integrated circuit chip with the ability to process signals. In the implementation process, each step of the above method embodiments can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the processor or the instructions in the form of software. The above-mentioned processor can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the various methods, steps and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of this application can be directly embodied as being executed and completed by the hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by the combination of the hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the art such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, register, etc. This storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines its hardware to complete the steps of the above method.

[0064] It can be understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or can include both volatile and non-volatile memories. Among them, the non-volatile memory can be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0065] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed in a hardware or software manner depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of this application.

[0066] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments and will not be elaborated herein.

[0067] In several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed couplings or direct couplings or communication connections to each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections of devices or units can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0068] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they can be located in one place, or they can be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0069] In addition, the functional units in each embodiment of this application can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0070] If a function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods in various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes such as USB flash drives, mobile hard disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical discs.

[0071] The above is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered by the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery balancing management method based on port multiplexing, characterized in that: Applied to an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprises m battery groups connected in series, each of the battery groups comprises n single cells connected in series, the positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery group to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch, two adjacent single cells share a selection switch, the other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary port of a multi-port converter, the positive electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the first single cell of the first battery group, the negative electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the nth single cell of the mth battery group, and both m and n are integers greater than 0; the method comprises: Calculating the state of charge value of each of the single cells according to the sampled values ​​of the electrical basic physical quantities; Calculating the difference between the state of charge value of each of the single cells and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; Determine the single battery whose difference exceeds the preset balancing threshold as an unbalanced battery; A balancing sequence of the unbalanced battery is formulated, and the selection switch and the multiplexing switch are turned on according to the balancing sequence, so that the unbalanced battery is connected to the primary port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The multiplexing switch includes four selection switches, wherein one end of the first selection switch and one end of the third selection switch are connected to the selection switch of each even-numbered single cell in the battery group corresponding to the multiplexing switch, one end of the second selection switch and one end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the selection switch of each odd-numbered single cell in the battery group corresponding to the multiplexing switch, the other end of the first selection switch and the other end of the second selection switch are connected to the positive electrode of the primary port of the multi-port converter, and the other end of the third selection switch and the other end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the negative electrode of the primary port of the multi-port converter.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of turning on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the balancing sequence includes: Determine the battery group that currently needs to be balanced according to the balancing order; If the unbalanced battery in the battery group that currently needs to be balanced is an odd-numbered battery, turning on the selection switch of the odd-numbered battery and the second selection switch and the third selection switch in the multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery group that currently needs to be balanced; If the unbalanced cells in the battery group currently requiring balancing are even-numbered cells, the selection switches of the even-numbered cells and the first and fourth selection switches in the multiplexing switches corresponding to the battery group currently requiring balancing are turned on.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The step of calculating the state of charge value of each of the single cells according to the sampled value of the basic electrical physical quantity comprises: If the electrical basic physical quantity is voltage, the state of charge value of each of the single cells is calculated according to one of the voltage method, the open circuit voltage method, and the cumulative power integration method and the sampled value of the voltage; or, If the basic electrical physical quantities are current and voltage, the state of charge value of each of the single cells is calculated according to the Kalman filter method and the sampled values ​​of the current and the voltage.

5. A battery balancing management device based on port multiplexing, characterized in that: Applied to an energy storage system, the energy storage system comprises m battery groups connected in series, each of the battery groups comprises n single cells connected in series, the positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery group to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch, two adjacent single cells share a selection switch, the other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary port of a multi-port converter, the positive electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the first single cell of the first battery group, the negative electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the nth single cell of the mth battery group, and both m and n are integers greater than 0; the device comprises: A state of charge calculation unit, used to calculate the state of charge value of each of the single cells according to the sampled values ​​of the electrical basic physical quantities; A charge difference calculation unit, used for calculating the difference between the state of charge value of each of the single cells and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; An unbalanced battery determination unit, configured to determine a single battery whose difference exceeds a preset equalization threshold as an unbalanced battery; The power balancing unit is used to formulate a balancing sequence of the unbalanced battery and turn on the selection switch and the multiplexing switch according to the balancing sequence, so that the unbalanced battery is connected to the primary port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

6. A battery balancing management system based on port multiplexing, characterized in that: The battery balancing management system includes an energy storage system, a switch array, a multiplexing switch, a multi-port converter and a controller; The energy storage system comprises m battery groups connected in series, each of which comprises n single cells connected in series, the positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are respectively connected to one end of a multiplexing switch corresponding to the battery group to which the single cell belongs through a selection switch, two adjacent single cells share a selection switch, the other end of the multiplexing switch is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the primary port of the multi-port converter, the positive electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the positive electrode of the first single cell of the first battery group, the negative electrode of the secondary port of the multi-port converter is connected to the negative electrode of the nth single cell of the mth battery group, and both m and n are integers greater than 0; the switch array is composed of m (n + 1) selection switches; The controller calculates the state of charge value of each of the single cells through the sampling value of the electrical basic physical quantity; Calculating the difference between the state of charge value of each of the single cells and the average state of charge value of the battery pack to which the single cell belongs; Determine the single battery whose difference exceeds the preset balancing threshold as an unbalanced battery; A balancing sequence of the unbalanced battery is formulated, and the selection switch and the multiplexing switch are turned on according to the balancing sequence, so that the unbalanced battery is connected to the primary port of the multi-port converter for energy regulation.

7. The battery balancing management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multiplexing switch includes four selection switches, wherein one end of the first selection switch and one end of the third selection switch are connected to the selection switch of each even-numbered single cell in the battery group corresponding to the multiplexing switch, one end of the second selection switch and one end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the selection switch of each odd-numbered single cell in the battery group corresponding to the multiplexing switch, the other end of the first selection switch and the other end of the second selection switch are connected to the positive electrode of the primary port of the multi-port converter, and the other end of the third selection switch and the other end of the fourth selection switch are connected to the negative electrode of the primary port of the multi-port converter.

8. The battery equalization management system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: If the electrical basic physical quantity is voltage, the battery balancing management system further includes a voltage monitoring circuit, and the controller obtains the voltage sampling value through the voltage monitoring circuit; or, If the electrical basic physical quantity is current, the battery balancing management system further includes a current monitoring circuit, and the controller obtains the current sampling value through the current monitoring circuit; or, If the basic electrical physical quantities are current and voltage, the battery balancing management system further includes a current monitoring circuit and a voltage monitoring circuit, and the controller obtains the current sampling value through the current monitoring circuit and obtains the voltage sampling value through the voltage monitoring circuit.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: Processor and memory; The processor is connected to a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call the computer program to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is executed.

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