Transverse flux gate generator

Abstract

The invention discloses a transverse flux gate generator. The door poles are in the shape of a door and in the shape of an n, a plurality of the door poles are arranged in even circles on the magnet yoke, the doorsill or the root of the left door frame and the root of the right door frame are integrated with the magnet yoke, the left door frames of the adjacent door poles are arranged in a left-right mode during arrangement, and each circle of the door pole is provided with an annular coil winding penetrating through the interior of the door. The gate pole, the magnet yoke and the coil winding are used as a rotor or a stator; the permanent magnets and the magnet yokes matched with the permanent magnets can be used as stators or rotors; the number of the permanent magnets is equal to that of each circle of gate poles and is an even number, and adjacent magnetic poles are opposite; a mechanical brush type commutator or an electronic commutator is used for switching and extraction work, the electronic commutator comprises a position sensor and is matched with a logic circuit, an operation control circuit, an amplifying circuit and an electronic switch to control the output voltage of a coil winding, and only the output voltage generated when induced magnetic flux on a gate pole is increased is extracted during operation. When the induced magnetic flux on the gate pole is increased, the loop of the induced magnetic flux and the loop of the arris secondary magnetic flux are not the same loop, and the arris secondary magnetic flux does not meet the induced magnetic flux in the air medium, so that the arris secondary magnetic flux does not generate resistance, and the efficiency of the generator is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a transverse flux gate type generator, belonging to the technical field of power generation with extremely low consumption of mechanical energy and other energies in new energy power generation technology. Background Art

[0002] For various types of current generators, in terms of the magnetic flux in the iron core around the coil winding, mostly the induced magnetic flux flowing into the iron core and the Lenz magnetic flux (i.e., the magnetic flux generated by the induced current, the same hereinafter) almost completely share the same magnetic path, resulting in the Lenz magnetic flux always meeting the induced magnetic flux at the air gap, thereby generating mechanical resistance. For the existing claw-pole type transverse flux disk generator, its claw pole has an L-shaped structure. Although when the induced magnetic flux flowing through the claw pole increases, a small part of the Lenz magnetic flux does not follow the common path, most of the Lenz magnetic flux still follows the common path, and the situation of consuming a large amount of mechanical energy has not changed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in terms of the magnetic flux in the iron core around the generator coil winding, the induced magnetic flux flowing into the iron core and the Lenz magnetic flux almost completely share the same magnetic path, resulting in the Lenz magnetic flux always meeting the induced magnetic flux at the air gap, thereby generating mechanical resistance. For the existing claw-pole type transverse flux disk generator, its claw pole has an L-shaped structure. When the induced magnetic flux flowing through the claw pole changes, most of the Lenz magnetic flux still follows the common path, consuming a large amount of mechanical energy and thus affecting the improvement of efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution provided by the present invention is: 1. Replace the "L" - shaped structure of the claw pole with the gate - shaped structure of the gate; 2. Replace the disk - type structure of a single - turn claw pole and a single - coil winding with the cylindrical structure of a multi - turn gate and multiple coil windings; 3. Use a control system composed of a position sensor, a logic circuit, an electronic switch, etc., to extract only the induced current when the induced magnetic flux increases, and block the induced current when the induced magnetic flux decreases.

[0005] Since the shape of this gate is not exactly the same as the gate - shaped and gate - character - shaped, for the convenience of description, this specification defines that the gate - shaped structure and the gate - character - shaped structure are interconnected, that is, the gate - shaped is allowed to have a notch, and the gate - character - shaped is allowed to have a lower threshold, which are collectively referred to as the gate.

[0006] The structure of the gate is as Figure 1 , and can be divided into a gate with a threshold (a), (b) and a gate without a threshold (c), (d). For each turn of the gate in the generator, the adjacent two gates are symmetric up and down (that is, along the direction of the annular coil winding, the left door frames of the gates show a left - right arrangement), that is Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) and Figure 1 (c) and Figure 1(d)is symmetric about the vertical axis. Since the palm and the back of the gate are exactly the same, the two adjacent symmetric gates have exactly the same shape. During use, it only needs to be turned over.

[0007] From Figure 1 it can be seen that there is a notch or gap between the left doorframe and the upper doorframe of the gate. This gap should be larger than the diameter of a single-strand enameled wire, but should be smaller than the distance between the upper doorframes of two adjacent gates in the same turn (this distance can be seen from Figure 3 a). The difference between this gap and this distance is very important. It can ensure that the Lenz flux circulates within each same gate without meeting the induced flux in the air (without generating resistance).

[0008] The generator using only the gate can already reduce a lot of resistance, that is, improve the efficiency a lot. However, adding a control system can further reduce the resistance, that is, improve the efficiency even more. This is because when the induced flux flowing through the gate increases from 0 to the maximum (including the reverse maximum), the Lenz flux does not generate resistance. But when the induced flux decreases from the maximum to 0 (including the reverse maximum), the Lenz flux will follow the same path as the induced flux, causing almost all of the Lenz flux to generate resistance. The control system can cut off the output voltage when the resistance is generated.

[0009] The upper doorframe of the gate can also be trapezoidal as in Figure 1 (e)and (f)to output sinusoidal alternating current. However, the sine wave after adding the control system is a combination of multiple segments, and there will be instantaneous disturbances at the joints of the combination.

[0010] The above Figure 1 The upper doorframes of (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f)are slightly shorter than the lower doorsteps, mainly for the convenience of winding when multiple turns of gates are placed closely together (for example, the arrangement of Figure 1 (a), (b), (c), (d)in Figure 3 (a)), and for generating peaks and valleys when obtaining a sine wave in trapezoidal shape (for example, Figure 1 (e), (f)). However, for a structure that requires a square wave and has a gap between multiple turns of gates where winding can be done, or for a single-turn gate disc structure of a square wave, it is better for the upper doorframe and the lower doorstep to have the same length, as in Figure 2 . This is because the voltage of the peaks and valleys lags behind the current by a large amount (as long as the upper doorframe is slightly shorter, peaks and valleys will be generated on the basis of the square wave). When extracting the voltage at the time when the magnetic flux is 0, it will be relatively low (the instantaneous disturbance at the moment of connection can be temporarily ignored). Although it can be compensated by the higher voltage at the time when the magnetic flux is maximum, after all, the waveform of the square wave is slightly disrupted, which is not as convenient to use as a flat square wave.

[0011] The installation or combination of the gate and the cylindrical yoke can be achieved by casting (immersing the lower threshold or the roots of the left and right door frames into the casting mold of the yoke for pouring) or other methods. The installation position of the gate on the yoke must also be uniform and precise, including the precise staggering of half an angle as mentioned below.

[0012] Multiple gates are distributed in a circle on the outer side of the cylindrical yoke (the upper door frame facing outward), and the coil winding is at the center of the gate, which can form the stator of a disk-type gate-type transverse flux generator. Its rotor yoke can be basin-shaped, with permanent magnets distributed on the inner circular surface of the yoke. The magnetic field direction of the permanent magnets is radial, facing the upper door frame of the gate directly. The magnetic flux directions of adjacent magnetic poles are opposite, and the number of magnetic poles is the same as the number of gates, both being even. More details are the same as those of the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0013] Multiple gates can also be distributed in a circle on the inner side of the cylindrical yoke (the upper door frame facing inward), and the coil winding is at the center of the gate, which can also be regarded as the stator of a disk-type gate-type transverse flux generator. At this time, its rotor may not be basin-shaped, but a rotor with the same shape as that of a traditional salient-pole or slot-type cylindrical generator but with a shorter length. Its permanent magnets face outward, and the rest, such as the direction of adjacent permanent magnets, the number of magnetic poles, and the parity, are the same as those in the case of the above-mentioned outer distribution.

[0014] Regardless of whether the gates are distributed on the outer side or the inner side, when a control system is adopted or the resistance is very small, it is necessary to increase the single circle of gates to multiple circles (even circles) of gates to increase the power generation capacity. These multiple circles of gates generally need to stagger each gate in each circle by half of the angle it occupies, which is convenient for the control system to extract current. For the gates with a slightly shorter upper door frame, in the case of outer distribution, there are several situations: if the two half-gates with the staggered angle are close together, then they need to be separated into two sections of yokes, and each section of yoke fixes half of the gates respectively, which is for the convenience of winding, and then they are put together after winding; if the distance between the two half-gates with the staggered angle is large, then they also need to be separated into two sections of yokes, with a cylinder in the middle; if the distance between the two half-gates with the staggered angle is small and only allows winding, then an integrated yoke can be used. In the case of inner distribution, two circles of gates can share a cylindrical yoke because it is inconvenient to wind in the inner side. When installing, the gates on these cylindrical yokes still need to stagger each gate by half of the angle it occupies.

[0015] For each of the upper door frames of one of the two halves of the staggered angle mentioned above, a slot needs to be opened according to the shape and size of the Hall element, so that the Hall element faces the magnetic pole directly, just like the slot opening at the pole top of a brushless motor.

[0016] When installing each section of the yoke and the gate together, keys and keyways or other methods can be used to control the angle between the yoke and the inner lining, or the concave and convex structure on the yoke can be used to control the angle.

[0017] Regardless of whether the gate is distributed on the outer side or the inner side, when the two semi-cylindrical yokes and the gate are separated by a large distance, the matching permanent magnet should also be in two sections and separated by a distance. In this case, the two halves of the gate do not need to be staggered in angle. Instead, the two separated sections of the permanent magnet can be staggered by the same angle (usually the permanent magnet is not staggered in angle).

[0018] For example Figure 3 Figure (a) shows the case where the gate is on the outer side of the cylindrical yoke. It is a structure where two sections of the yoke are closely adjacent to each other. It consists of two sections of cylindrical yokes 1, 4 turns of the gate 2, and 4 coil windings 3 (in order to clearly see the gate structure, the coil winding on the topmost turn of the gate is temporarily hidden, and the eight gates are also temporarily hidden). Among the 4 coil windings, each winding is composed of multiple strands of enameled wire. There is a dovetail groove 7 on the upper door frames of one gate on the topmost turn and one gate on the bottommost turn respectively, which is used to install Hall elements. Their data lines are led to the same side through the wire grooves in the inner lining between the yoke and the main shaft, and then connected to the control system. In this figure, the upper two turns of the gate are staggered from the lower two turns of the gate by half of the angle occupied by each gate. In this figure, after the two sections of the yoke 1 are closely adjacent to each other, there is a demarcation line 4 in the middle. When installing, a key and a keyway are needed to cooperate with the inner lining to maintain its angle unchanged.

[0019] For example Figure 3 Figure (b) shows the permanent magnet 6 and the yoke 5 that match it. The permanent magnet is strip-shaped, the magnetic field direction is radial, the magnetic flux directions of adjacent magnetic poles are opposite, and the number of magnetic poles is the same as the number of gates in each turn, which is an even number.

[0020] When multiple turns of the gate are distributed on the inner side of the cylindrical yoke, it serves as the stator; and the corresponding permanent magnet and yoke as the rotor (the permanent magnet is on the outer side of the permanent magnet yoke). The magnetic field direction of the permanent magnet is radial, the magnetic field directions of adjacent magnetic poles are opposite, and the number of permanent magnets is the same as the number of gates in each turn, which is an even number. For example Figure 4 Figure shows a schematic diagram of multiple turns of the gate 2 distributed on the inner side of the yoke 1 as the stator and the permanent magnet 5 fixed on the yoke 4 as the rotor. For the convenience of expression, the gates on the other half of the staggered angle are temporarily hidden. It can be seen that the structure of this generator is very similar to the mechanical structure of traditional salient-pole or slot-type cylindrical generators, so the mechanical technologies are interlinked. Just put a housing on the stator, install a bearing seat on the housing, and install a rotating shaft on the bearing.

[0021] Although this situation of inner distribution has a simple and convenient mechanical structure, the distance between the adjacent upper door frames of each turn of the gate is prone to be close, the magnetic flux on the yoke surrounding the coil is sparser, or more yoke material is used. From the perspective of energy density, it is slightly inferior.

[0022] When multiple turns of the gate are distributed on the outer side of the cylindrical yoke, it can serve as either the stator or the rotor.

[0023] When it is used as a rotor, such as Figure 5 , its gate 1 is fixed and distributed on the cylindrical yoke 2, connected to the rotating shaft 11 through the inner liner 7, and a bearing 12 is installed on each side of the rotating shaft 11; the bearing 12 is installed in the bearing housing 10; the permanent magnet 3 and the yoke 4 serve as the stator; the strip ribs 6 on the outer shell 5 are pressed into the grooves on the stator yoke 4, and the two ends of the cylindrical outer shell 5 are pressed into the circular grooves on the bearing housing and installed together with the bearing housing 10 (fastened with long screws 8 and nuts 9); it can be seen that the mechanical structures of its main stator and rotor are similar to those of traditional salient-pole or slot-type cylindrical generators in terms of technology. The difference is that for its output circuit of the coil winding, or after adding a control system (the control system circuit board can be inserted into the hole in the inner liner 7, and its power supply can be provided by a battery or self-provided after step-down at the output end), and then paralleled into two output lines, buried in the groove on the shaft, passed through the bearing and connected to the two-way slip ring 16 outside the bearing, and the electric energy is output through the brush 14 fixed on the bearing housing or on the base; or directly buried in the groove without adding a control system temporarily and then connected to the four-way slip ring outside the bearing. In addition, four position signal lines (two power supply lines are shared and two signal output lines) are buried in the groove on the shaft, passed through the bearing, connected to the four-way small slip ring outside the bearing, the position signals are connected to the control system through four small brushes, and then the output lines of the two side coils are led out through four large brushes for the layout of the main circuit, and the electronic switch on the main circuit is connected to the control system. Figure 5 The figure shows the structure where the control system circuit board is inserted into the hole in the inner liner 7, so there are only two slip rings and brushes outside the bearing. In addition, Figure 5 This type with the gate facing outward as the rotor is also more suitable for using a mechanical brush-type commutator, which can replace the electronic switch and logic circuit. The existing technology of the mechanical commutator is already very mature and will not be elaborated here.

[0024] When it is used as a stator, such as Figure 6It also fixes and distributes the gate pole 1 on the cylindrical yoke 2, connects to the main shaft 11 (will not rotate) through the lining 7, and installs a bearing 12 on each side of the main shaft 11; the bearing 12 is also installed in the bearing seat 10; the permanent magnet 3 and the yoke 4 are used as the rotor; the strip ribs 6 on the shell 5 are pressed into the grooves on the rotor yoke 4, and the two ends of the cylindrical shell 5 are pressed into the circular grooves on the bearing seat and installed together with the bearing seat 10 (tightened with long screws 8 and nuts 9); the bearing seat on its left side extends a longer platform as a transmission wheel 13, which It can be processed into gear type, chain type, pulley type, etc. according to different transmission methods; the left transmission wheel 13 and the bearing seat 10 and the right bearing seat 10 are not necessarily the best size ratio in the figure, and they should be strictly calculated and tested in practice to achieve the best dynamic balance; two bow strings are cut off at each end of its main shaft 11 to make it a wedge with the small head facing down, which is stuck in the wedge groove of the bracket 14; it also does not require slip rings and brushes, and directly buries the output wires and signal wires into the wire grooves of the main shaft 11 to lead out the bearing 12 for series, parallel and rectifier connection and control.

[0025] When it is used as a stator, it can also be installed vertically, that is, the main shaft is vertically placed on the base and fixed, and the two bearings are thrust bearings at the bottom and radial thrust ball bearings at the top. If the non-concentric and non-coaxial transmission is adopted, the transmission wheel can be arranged at the bottom, and the upper end of the main shaft can be fixed with a bracket; if the concentric and non-coaxial transmission is adopted, the upper end of the main shaft can be fixed without a bracket, and the transmission wheel is arranged at the top, and the transmission wheel directly engages with another transmission wheel of the power machinery.

[0026] The control system controls the control switch on the output line of the control coil, thereby extracting the output voltage when the induced magnetic flux increases. The mechanical control switch is the brush and commutator, and the electronic control switch is the electronic switch. The coil windings on both sides of the dividing line are actually staggered by 90 degrees in terms of cycle because the gates are staggered by half the gate angle. Therefore, the control system extracts two output voltages of 90 degrees in the forward direction and 180 degrees in total, and two output voltages of 90 degrees in the reverse direction and 180 degrees in total.

[0027] There are two ways to connect the coil output line to the control switch. The first way is as follows: Figure 7 (a), first pass the output lines of the two half coil windings 1 with staggered angles through the rectifier bridge 4 respectively, and after rectification, connect the DC electronic switch 2 in series respectively, and then connect the load 3 together, and connect them in parallel to the other end of the rectifier bridge. The electronic switch 2 can be a MOS tube or an IGBT. The load 3 is a DC load.

[0028] The second method is Figure 7 (b) Connect the output lines of the two half coil windings 1 with different angles directly in series with the AC control switch 2, and then connect them in parallel, and then connect them to the load 3. The AC control switch 2 is like this for the electronic type.Figure 8 The electronic switch, that is, the gates of two MOS transistors are connected to each other, and the sources are connected to each other. A zener diode and a resistor are added between the gate and the source, and a current-limiting resistor is added to the gate; for the AC control switch 2, in the case of a mechanical one, it is a brush and a commutator, and the existing technology of the brush and the commutator is already very mature and will not be elaborated here; for the load 3, for the gate of the trapezoidal upper door frame, it is a sine-wave alternating current, and for the gate of the rectangular upper door frame, it is a non-sine-wave AC load. The non-sine-wave alternating current can be used for lighting, can be rectified and filtered to use direct current, or can be inverted into a sine-wave alternating current for use as mains electricity.

[0029] The control system circuit board is as Figure 9 , which has a single-chip microcomputer 6 on the circuit board 3. The single-chip microcomputer 6 is connected to a small terminal 4 on the left side through an adaptation circuit 5, to a row header 7 on the lower side, and to an electronic switch 2 on the right side; the adaptation circuit 5 includes an interface circuit, a logic circuit, an arithmetic control circuit, an amplification circuit, an isolation circuit, etc.; the small terminal 4 on the left side is used to connect to a small DC power supply; the row header 7 on the lower side is used to transmit the level signals of the Hall elements to the single-chip microcomputer 6 through a wire harness and pin headers. Two power pins and one signal pin of each of the two Hall elements are inserted into six pin holes respectively. However, if the power pins are connected in parallel in pairs before insertion, then two of the row headers 7 can be left unused and only four pin holes of the row headers 7 can be used; the electronic switch 2 connected on the right side is Figure 7 the electronic switch 2 in Figure 7 . The dotted line therein indicates that if it is a single MOS transistor or a single IGBT in DC, its source or emitter is directly connected to the adaptation circuit, indicating that the dotted line is used to replace the connection line on the same side of the electronic switch 2 and the adaptation circuit (the other side is the gate), that is, there are only three connection lines; when it is an AC electronic switch, there can be 4 connection lines and there is no dotted line; the electronic switch 2 is externally connected to two terminals of a terminal block 1 (when it is a single transistor, one is the drain or collector and the other is the source or emitter, and when it is a dual-transistor, both are drains), mainly for convenient wiring and can be directly connected to

[0030] The position sensor, that is, the Hall element, uses a linear Hall element, which can display the level height according to the amount of magnetic flux, so as to judge the relative position between the gate and the permanent magnet. When the magnetic flux is 0, the level is also 0. When one of the two Hall elements is 0, the other must be the maximum. Then this can be used as the basis for driving the electronic switch to make opening and closing actions, that is, when one is 0, turn on its own electronic switch and turn off the other; the other also makes the same action. This program is relatively simple.

[0031] A more complex program is that when the magnetic flux is 0, the connection action is still executed; but near the maximum value of the magnetic flux, the output level of the Hall element needs to be sampled at a high frequency, and it is judged whether it is rising or falling. At the turning point of rising and falling, the disconnection action is executed. Advantageous Effects

[0032] The advantageous effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: 1. Since the Lenz magnetic flux does not generate resistance, the efficiency of the generator is greatly improved. Due to the improvement of energy efficiency, the energy input during the power generation operation is greatly reduced, saving energy consumption. 2. For wind or hydro generators, the generator capacity can be increased under the same wind energy or water energy conditions. For other generators, the fuel purchase volume can be greatly reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 (a) and Figure 1 (b) are schematic diagrams of the gate shape with a lower threshold, where 1 is the lower threshold, 2 is the left doorframe, and 3 is the upper doorframe.

[0034] Figure 1 (c) and Figure 1 (d) are schematic diagrams of the gate shape without a lower threshold, where 1 is the lower threshold, 2 is the left doorframe, and 3 is the upper doorframe.

[0035] Figure 1 (e) and Figure 1 (f) are schematic diagrams of the gate shape with a trapezoidal upper doorframe, where (e) is the gate with a lower threshold and (f) is the gate without a lower threshold.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a gate where the lengths of the upper doorframe and the lower threshold are equal. Where 1 is the lower threshold, 2 is the left doorframe, and 3 is the upper doorframe.

[0037] Figure 3 They are the yokes with the gates distributed outward and the gates, and the yokes with the permanent magnets distributed inward and the permanent magnets. Where 1 is the cylindrical yoke for fixing the gate, 2 is the gate, 3 is the coil winding, 4 is the boundary line between the upper and lower sections of the yoke, 5 is the cylindrical yoke for fixing the permanent magnet, 6 is the permanent magnet, and 7 is the dovetail groove for placing the Hall element.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a gate stator with multi-turn gates distributed inward and a permanent magnet rotor, where 1 is the annular yoke for fixing the gate, 2 is the gate, 3 is the coil winding, 4 is the cylindrical yoke for fixing the permanent magnet, 5 is the permanent magnet, 6 is the lining between the yoke and the rotating shaft, and 7 is the rotating shaft.

[0039] Figure 5Schematic diagram of a generator when the multi-turn gate is distributed on the outer side of the cylindrical yoke as the rotor, where 1 is the four-turn gate, 2 is the cylindrical yoke for fixing the gate, 3 is the strip-shaped permanent magnet, 4 is the permanent magnet yoke, 5 is the outer shell, 6 is the strip-shaped rib inside the outer shell, 7 is the lining between the rotating shaft and the yoke, 8 is the long screw, 9 is the nut, 10 is the bearing seat, 11 is the rotating shaft, 12 is the bearing, 13 is the shaft sleeve, 14 is the bracket and brush, 15 is the insulating rod, 16 is the slip ring, 17 is the large nut.

[0040] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a generator when the multi-turn gate is distributed on the outer side of the cylindrical yoke as the stator, where 1 is the four-turn gate, 2 is the cylindrical yoke for fixing the gate, 3 is the strip-shaped permanent magnet, 4 is the permanent magnet yoke, 5 is the outer shell, 6 is the strip-shaped rib inside the outer shell, 7 is the lining between the main shaft and the yoke, 8 is the long screw, 9 is the nut, 10 is the bearing seat, 11 is the stationary main shaft, 12 is the bearing, 13 is the transmission wheel, 14 is the main shaft bracket, 15 is the base.

[0041] Figure 7 (a) Main circuit diagram of a generator that outputs DC and has a DC control switch, where 1 is the coil, 2 is the DC electronic switch, 3 is the output terminal connecting the load, 4 is the rectifier bridge.

[0042] Figure 7 (b) Main circuit diagram of a generator that outputs AC and has an AC control switch, where 1 is the coil, 2 is the AC control switch, 3 is the output terminal connecting the load.

[0043] Figure 8 Main circuit diagram of the AC electronic switch.

[0044] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the control system circuit board for controlling the opening and closing of the electronic switch, where 1 is the two-way wiring terminal, 2 is the electronic switch, 3 is the circuit board, 4 is the small wiring terminal, 5 is the adaptation circuit, 6 is the single-chip microcomputer, 7 is the row header. Specific implementation mode

[0045] It should be understood that the specific implementation mode described here is only used to explain the present invention and is not used to limit the present invention.

[0046] Comparing the above several schemes, what the inventor recommends as the preferred method is that the preferred method of the gate is that the gate with a slightly shorter upper door frame ( Figure 1 a, Figure 1 b, Figure 1 c, Figure 1 d) and the gate with the same length of the upper door frame and the lower door sill ( Figure 2 ) are both preferred methods, and the upper door frame is trapezoidal ( Figure 1 e, Figure 1f) is also the preferred method; for the preferred method of the mechanical structure, there is an appropriate distance between the two half gate electrodes and the yoke is integrated (the yoke is not divided into two halves). The gate electrode faces outward and the yoke is inside as the stator, and the permanent magnet faces inward and the yoke is outside as the rotor, with a structure with a transmission wheel (such as Figure 6 ); for the preferred method of the control system, the method of using a DC electronic switch ( Figure 7 a) and the method of using an AC electronic switch ( Figure 7 b) can both be used as the preferred method.

[0047] Focusing on the overall structural compactness, a gate electrode with a slightly shorter upper door frame should be used, that is, the gate electrode such as Figure 1 . It can make each turn of the gate electrode (at least those within half) close together, just like Figure 3 a, making the gate electrode, yoke, permanent magnet, etc. very compact, which is slightly beneficial to the energy density.

[0048] Focusing on a flatter square wave and more induced magnetic flux output by the permanent magnet, a gate electrode with the same length of the upper door frame and the lower door threshold should be used, that is, the gate electrode Figure 2 . It can almost completely suck the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet into the gate electrode and circulate along the periphery of the coil. However, when it is installed, there are two types: one is that each turn of the gate electrode and the yoke are independent, and the boundary of the yoke is the same as that of the gate electrode (just like Figure 3 a, cut off the protruding part at the top of the yoke to make it as flat as the gate electrode), so that the compact effect can also be achieved after combining each turn. However, the strength of the yoke with the same boundary may be insufficient; the other is that there must be a wide enough gap between adjacent turns for winding. Although some yoke materials and other materials are wasted in this way, the permanent magnet can be cut into several sections, and the length of each section is the same as that of the gate electrode. In this way, the permanent magnet distribution can make each magnetic pole opposite to the surrounding magnetic poles.

[0049] Focusing on outputting a sine wave, a gate electrode with a trapezoidal upper door frame should be used. If a control system is added, although the sine wave is a combination of multiple segments and there is an instantaneous disturbance at the combination point, the proportion of the disturbance point in the whole cycle is not large. When it can be tolerated or repaired, it is more direct than the rectification and inversion of the square wave. Moreover, when the upper door frame is trapezoidal, it must be a structure with a slightly shorter upper door frame, which is more beneficial to the overall structural compactness. If you are too concerned about the perfection of the waveform, the control system can also not be added.

[0050] The integration of the yoke of the gate electrode without being divided into two halves can avoid the angular error during installation; the gate electrode faces outward and the yoke is used as the stator, and the permanent magnet faces inward and the yoke is used as the rotor, which can omit the slip ring and brush. Moreover, the permanent magnet and the yoke are relatively light, which is more labor-saving as a rotating part. And the transmission of the transmission wheel with different axes and non-concentricity is not more complex than the concentric transmission.

[0051] The control system uses a DC electronic switch. Both MOS transistors and IGBTs can be used, but rectification is required first, resulting in some additional rectification components. Using an AC electronic switch such as Figure 8 can only use MOS transistors. Although it is more direct, it limits the types of components. It can be said that each has its own advantages.

[0052] For the control system, when the gate-induced magnetic flux is 0, the rate of change of the induced magnetic flux is the largest, that is, the induced current is the largest and the resistance is the largest. Therefore, during the debugging of the control system, the response speeds of Hall elements, microcontrollers, MOS transistors, and IGBTs are all at the nanosecond level. As long as their delays are within a reasonable range, generally no program is used to correct these response delays. There are three situations where correction is needed: First, the response speed of the selected components is too slow and exceeds the reasonable range; second, although it is reasonable, one wants to achieve perfection; third, there is indeed data showing that the average zero magnetic flux of all or half of the gates lags behind the zero magnetic flux of the gate where the Hall element is located, resulting in the premature turn-on of the electronic switch. However, this situation where the average zero magnetic flux lags behind the sampled zero magnetic flux already belongs to defective products, and this correction is a remedial measure for defective products. Although the advantage of the microcontroller is that it can correct through programs, one still needs to comprehensively consider the workload, complexity, and benefit-cost ratio before deciding whether correction is needed.

[0053] Parts not covered by the present invention are all in line with the prior art or implemented using the prior art.

Claims

1. A transverse flux gate generator, characterized in that: The shape of the gate electrode resembles both the shape of a door and the character "门". Many such gate electrodes are arranged in even circles on the yoke. When arranging, the left doorframes of adjacent gate electrodes in each circle are arranged in an alternating left-right pattern. Each circle of gate electrodes has a circular coil winding passing through the inside of the door. Using such gate electrodes, yoke, and coil winding as the rotor or stator, the matching permanent magnet and yoke can be used as the stator or rotor. The number of permanent magnets is equal to the number of gate electrodes in each circle, which is an even number, and adjacent magnetic poles are opposite. A mechanical brush commutator or an electronic commutator is used for switching and extraction work. The electronic commutator includes a position sensor, which cooperates with a logic circuit, an arithmetic control circuit, an amplification circuit, and an electronic switch to control the output voltage of the coil winding. During operation, only the output voltage when the induced magnetic flux on the gate electrode increases is extracted. Utilizing the characteristic that the Lenz magnetic flux circulates inside a single gate electrode when the induced magnetic flux increases without generating resistance, the generator efficiency is greatly improved.

2. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: There is a notch or gap between the left doorframe and the upper doorframe of the gate electrode. This gap is larger than the diameter of a single enameled wire and smaller than the distance between the upper doorframes of adjacent gate electrodes in each circle. After the gate electrode is installed on the yoke, the lower threshold or the roots of the left and right doorframes are buried in the yoke and cannot be seen. After the gate electrode is installed on the yoke, the circular coil winding in each circle passes through each gate electrode.

3. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper doorframe being slightly shorter is also a structural feature of one type of this gate electrode. The upper doorframe having the same length as the lower threshold is also a structural feature of one type of this gate electrode. The upper doorframe being trapezoidal is also a structural feature of one type of this gate electrode.

4. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnets corresponding to the gate electrodes are installed on the yoke. The number of permanent magnets in each circle is the same as the number of gate electrodes in each circle, which is an even number. When the adjacent circles of gate electrodes are closely adjacent to each other, the corresponding permanent magnets are strip-shaped. When there is an appropriate distance between the adjacent circles of gate electrodes, the corresponding permanent magnets can be divided into several segments, and the number of segments is equal to the number of circles. The polarity of each permanent magnet is opposite to the polarity of the surrounding permanent magnets.

5. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the gate electrodes are installed on the yoke, between the adjacent circles (even circles) of gate electrodes, there is a compact structure where they are closely adjacent, and a structure with an appropriate distance隔开. Regardless of which structure, if a control system needs to be installed, all the gate electrodes need to be staggered by half the angle occupied by a single gate electrode in each circle, that is, both installing and not installing the control system are within the scope of patent protection.

6. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gate electrode, yoke, and coil winding are used as the stator and installed on the main shaft through an inner lining. Bearings are installed on both sides of the main shaft, and the bearings are installed in bearing seats. The bearing seats are installed together with the housing. The housing installs the rotor through the internal strip-shaped ribs. The rotor is a permanent magnet and a yoke. One of the bearing seats is integrated with the transmission wheel. At both ends of the main shaft, two bow-shaped chords are cut off at each end to make it a wedge with the small head downward, which is clamped into the wedge-shaped groove of the bracket. The bracket is fixed on the base. The output wires of the coil winding and the Hall signal wires pass through the bearings from the wire grooves of the main shaft, and then the output wires show a series-parallel or rectified series-parallel and connected to the electronic switch structure feature. The signal wires and the electronic switch are connected to the control system, and finally connected to the load.

7. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two half gates with staggered angles correspond to the two half coil windings passing through the gates. The output lines of the two half coil windings are respectively connected to the rectifier bridge, and then connected to the DC electronic switch respectively, and then connected in parallel, and then connected to the load. The DC electronic switch can be a MOS tube or an IGBT.

8. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two half gates at staggered angles correspond to the two half coil windings passing through the gates. The output lines of the two half coil windings are respectively connected to the AC control switches, then connected in parallel, and then connected to the load. The AC control switch for mechanical types is a brush and a commutator, and for electronic types is an AC electronic switch formed by merging two MOS tubes, that is, it is applicable to both mechanical and electronic types.

9. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The AC electronic switch is formed by merging two MOS tubes, with the gate connected to the gate, the source connected to the source, a voltage-stabilizing diode and a resistor connected between the gate and the source, and the gate connected to a current-limiting resistor.

10. The transverse flux gate generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thin wires of the Hall element of the position sensor are connected to the female header on the circuit board through the pin header. The circuit board also has a single-chip microcomputer, an adaptation circuit, an electronic switch and wiring terminals. The adaptation circuit includes an interface circuit, a logic circuit, an amplification circuit, an isolation circuit, etc. The electronic switch can be installed with a MOS tube or an IGBT as a DC electronic switch according to the design type, or an AC electronic switch formed by combining two MOS tubes can be installed. The small wiring terminal is connected to an external small DC power supply, and the large wiring terminal is used to connect the electronic switch to the output line of the two half coil windings.

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