Intelligent experiment platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent experiment platform for simulating a hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module. The intelligent experiment platform comprises an external shielding simulation system, a fixed shielding simulation system, a sunlight simulation system, a photovoltaic power generation simulation system, a monitoring system and an intelligent terminal system. The external shielding simulation system can simulate an external shielding object of the photovoltaic module; the fixed shielding simulation system can simulate a shielding object fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module; the sunlight simulation system can simulate sunlight with different illumination intensities and incident angles; the photovoltaic power generation simulation system can simulate the working state of the photovoltaic module; the monitoring system can record the dynamic damage process, temperature data, electric signals and other parameters of the photovoltaic module under the hot spot effect in real time through the dual-spectrum camera and the circuit analysis module; the intelligent terminal system can realize intelligent construction of a multi-parameter coupling experiment working condition, and integrates experiment data to construct a multi-modal parameter association database. According to the invention, the influence of the hot spot effect on the photovoltaic module under different working conditions can be simulated, and reference is provided for photovoltaic fireproof design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module testing, and particularly to an intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules. Background Art

[0002] In order to accelerate the realization of the carbon neutrality goal and promote the green transformation of the energy structure in China, the photovoltaic power generation technology, which is characterized by clean, efficient and strong adaptability, has been widely applied on a large scale across the country. However, with the rapid popularization of photovoltaic power stations and rooftop photovoltaics, the potential safety hazards of photovoltaic modules during long-term operation in complex environments have gradually emerged. Among them, the local overheating caused by the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules has become a key issue threatening the safety of photovoltaic systems. When the light distribution on the surface of a photovoltaic module is uneven due to obstacles, the shaded battery cells will be in a reverse bias state, becoming loads and continuously consuming the electrical energy output by other normally illuminated units, resulting in a sudden rise in local temperature. The local high temperature caused by severe hot spot effects will not only cause structural damages such as the pyrolysis of the internal encapsulation materials of photovoltaic modules and the carbonization and ignition of the backplane, but may also ignite surrounding combustibles (such as cable insulation layers, building waterproof layers or vegetation, etc.), leading to the coupled combustion of photovoltaic modules and the surrounding environment, posing a serious threat to the safety of photovoltaic arrays and surrounding building facilities.

[0003] To solve the hot spot effect problem, Wang Jiakun et al. designed an intelligent evolution analysis method and system for operation faults in new energy power stations (authorized announcement number CN118378543B), which monitors the occlusion information and temperature distribution area of photovoltaic modules and predicts the risk of the glass on the surface of photovoltaic modules being heated and cracked under the hot spot effect according to the mechanical model of glass. Pu Yonghua et al. developed a detection method for the impact of the hot spot effect on photovoltaic modules (authorized announcement number CN119135085B). This patent analyzes the temperature fluctuations caused by the hot spot effect through the infrared images on the surface of photovoltaic modules, and identifies false hot spots based on the differences between ordinary hot spots and faulty hot spots, realizing accurate fault warning for the hot spot effect. In the thin-film photovoltaic module hot spot durability test device (application publication number CN119010792A), a fixed steady-state light source is erected above the thin-film photovoltaic module, and the maximum damage situation of the thin-film photovoltaic module caused by the hot spot effect is tested by changing the area of the shading curtain.

[0004] Through research and analysis of existing technologies, it can be concluded that: on the one hand, the detection and early warning methods for hot spot effects mainly identify and analyze hot spot effects by inputting temperature data into a pre-trained model or a preset algorithm, without clearly defining the damage characteristics and fire risks of photovoltaic modules under the influence of multi-condition hot spot effects, and the pre-trained model lacks experimental data support for different conditions; on the other hand, the test devices for hot spot effects mainly test the damage range of photovoltaic modules by changing the area of external obstacles, without considering the influence of different light incident angles and obstacle types on the test results. However, the application scenarios of photovoltaic systems are complex and the disaster-causing factors are diverse (such as the shading of trees, bird droppings on photovoltaic modules, snow, etc.). The existing inventions consider single parameters and are difficult to accurately reproduce the disaster-causing process of hot spot effects in the actual environment, nor can they clarify the characteristic parameters and fire risks of hot spot effects under different conditions. Therefore, an intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules is developed, which can simulate various types of disaster-causing factors of hot spot effects, accurately restore the characteristics of solar light changes and realize the reproduction of complex scenarios. At the same time, a multi-modal parameter correlation database is constructed using experimental data to clarify the influence of multi-dimensional parameters such as different obstacles, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, light intensity, and incident angle on the safe operation of the photovoltaic system under hot spot effects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, the present invention provides an intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules. The experimental platform can simulate the hot spot fault of the photovoltaic module under complex actual conditions of multi-parameter coupling, clarify the dynamic response law of multi-modal parameters of the photovoltaic module and the fire characteristics of the photovoltaic module under the hot spot effect, so as to construct a multi-modal parameter correlation database and provide technical support for the safe operation of the photovoltaic system and the safety test of components.

[0006] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an external occlusion simulation system for simulating external obstacles of the photovoltaic module; a fixed occlusion simulation system for simulating obstacles fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module; a sunlight simulation system that can accurately simulate the dynamic azimuth and light intensity of the sun at different geographical latitudes and times; a photovoltaic power generation simulation system that can make the photovoltaic module in a working state, so as to generate a hot spot effect due to the obstacle; a monitoring system for monitoring multi-modal data such as the dynamic damage process, temperature distribution, fire spread law, and volt-ampere curve characteristics of the photovoltaic module under the hot spot effect; an intelligent terminal system for intelligently building a multi-parameter coupling experimental environment and collecting dynamic response data such as images, temperatures, and electrical signals of the monitoring system to construct a multi-modal parameter correlation database.

[0007] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. The external occlusion simulation system mainly includes an occlusion module, a pitching and telescoping mechanism, and a moving module. The occlusion module is fixed on the pitching and telescoping mechanism and is made of an opaque material for simulating the external occluder of the photovoltaic module. The pitching and telescoping mechanism is connected to the intelligent terminal system and can be freely telescoped and pitched to adjust the angle and position of the occlusion module, and further adjust the position and size of the projection of the occlusion module on the photovoltaic module. The moving module is used for free movement to adjust the position of the external occlusion simulation system.

[0008] Optionally, the occlusion module can be replaced with different shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements, and the projection of the occlusion module can simulate irregular geometric shape shadows formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module due to occlusion by surrounding buildings, trees, and other components in the photovoltaic array.

[0009] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fixed occlusion simulation system mainly includes a colloid spraying module, a delivery hose, a colloid storage module, and a power pump. The colloid spraying module is used to spray opaque colloid on the surface of the photovoltaic module to simulate an occluder fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The delivery hose is used to connect the colloid spraying module, the power pump, and the colloid storage module in sequence. The colloid storage module is used to store colloid. The power pump is used to control the colloid supply intensity and provide spraying power.

[0010] Advantageously, the colloid sprayed by the fixed occlusion simulation system has the characteristics of being opaque, high viscosity, high melting point, and easy to cure, so as to simulate occluders such as dust, bird droppings with different distribution densities, and snow with different occlusion ratios fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module. The area, shape, thickness, and distribution density of the colloid spraying can be adjusted according to requirements.

[0011] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. The sunlight simulation system mainly includes a lighting array, a first slide rail, a first motion module, a pitching mechanism, a ground slide rail, and a ground motion module. The lighting array includes a plurality of lighting units for simulating sunlight with different light intensities. The first slide rail has a semi-circular structure and is vertically fixed to the ground motion module and connected to the first motion module to enable the first motion module to move freely along the first slide rail, so as to adjust the position of the lighting array. The pitching mechanism is used to adjust the light incident angle of the lighting array. The ground slide rail is circular and arranged on the ground. The ground motion module can move freely along the ground slide rail and is used to adjust the position of the first slide rail. The sunlight simulation system can simulate the positions of the sun at different latitudes and times through the coordinated movement of the first motion module and the ground motion module.

[0012] Advantageously, the sunlight simulation system can simulate the dynamic azimuth of the sun changing with time to clarify the influence of the dynamic shadow of an external obstacle generating a hot spot effect on the photovoltaic module. At the same time, the lighting array can change the light incident angle through the first motion module and the pitching mechanism to simulate the sun incident angles at different latitudes.

[0013] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention. The photovoltaic power generation simulation system is composed of an energy storage module, the photovoltaic module, and an adjustable bracket. The energy storage module is used to provide an electric potential difference to make the photovoltaic module in a working state. The photovoltaic module is used to receive light and generate a hot spot effect under the influence of an obstacle. The adjustable bracket is arranged below the photovoltaic module to support the photovoltaic module and can adjust the inclination angle and the height from the ground of the photovoltaic module.

[0014] Optionally, the photovoltaic module can be a thin film module, a double glass module, a flexible module, etc., so as to clarify the influence of different types of modules on the hot spot effect and the fault characteristics.

[0015] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring system includes a dual-spectral camera, a second slide rail, a second motion module, a circuit analysis module, and a radiation measurement module; the dual-spectral camera can simultaneously capture images in the visible light band and the infrared band, and is used to photograph the dynamic damage process and temperature distribution of the photovoltaic module after the hot spot effect caused by different obstacles, and can record the fire spread process of the photovoltaic module from local hot spots to open flames and the burn damage degree of the photovoltaic module; the second slide rail has a semicircular structure and is vertically fixed to the ground; the second motion module is controlled by the intelligent terminal system and is arranged on the second slide rail for adjusting the position of the dual-spectral camera to photograph the surface or backplane of the photovoltaic module; the circuit analysis module can identify and record the changes in the current, voltage, and power parameters of the photovoltaic module to clarify the characteristics of the electrical signal fluctuations caused by the hot spot effect of different obstacles; the circuit analysis module can also monitor and mark the critical electrical signal parameters that cause damage to the photovoltaic module due to the hot spot effect; the radiation measurement module is arranged on the top of the photovoltaic module for measuring the radiation reception amount of the photovoltaic module at different tilts.

[0016] Advantageously, the dual-spectral camera can move freely along the second slide rail through the second motion module, reducing the shooting angle error and avoiding the influence of the external occlusion simulation system on the shooting picture.

[0017] Advantageously, when the dual-spectral camera photographs the front of the photovoltaic module, it can record the shadow image of the external obstacle on the photovoltaic module or the image of the fixed obstacle; when the dual-spectral camera photographs the back of the photovoltaic module, it can also record the dynamic damage process and damage characteristics of the backplane of the photovoltaic module under the hot spot effect.

[0018] An intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention. The intelligent terminal system controls the pitching and telescoping mechanism and the moving module in the external occlusion simulation system to realize the free movement of the occlusion module. The intelligent terminal system can also control the opening and closing of the power pump to adjust the colloid supply. The intelligent terminal system can also, based on the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle, three-dimensionally dynamically simulate the solar incident light at different geographical latitudes and different times by controlling the first motion module, the pitching mechanism, and the ground motion module in the sunlight simulation system in real time. The intelligent terminal system can also collect and analyze data such as damage characteristics, temperature rise rate, electrical signal fluctuations, and flame behavior during the dynamic damage process of the photovoltaic module under different working conditions through the monitoring system, and integrate the setting parameters and experimental data of different working conditions to construct a multi-modal parameter correlation database, so as to clarify the influence of multi-dimensional parameters such as different occluders, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module, light intensity, and incident angle on the safe operation of the photovoltaic system under the hot spot effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic diagram of some important structures during the process of simulating an external occluder by an intelligent experimental platform for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In this application, all the drawings are schematic drawings, only used to illustrate the principle of the present invention and not drawn to actual scale.

[0022] Description of the reference numerals: An intelligent experimental platform 1000 for simulating the hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules, External occlusion simulation system 100, occlusion module 110, pitching and telescoping mechanism 120, moving module 130, Fixed occlusion simulation system 200, colloid spraying module 210, delivery hose 220, colloid storage module 230, power pump 240, Sunlight simulation system 300, light array 310, first slide rail 320, first motion module 330, pitching mechanism 340, ground slide rail 350, ground motion module 360, Photovoltaic power generation simulation system 400, energy storage module 410, photovoltaic module 420, adjustable bracket 430, Monitoring system 500, dual-spectrum camera 510, second slide rail 520, second motion module 530, circuit analysis module 540, radiation measurement module 550, Intelligent terminal system 600. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0025] An intelligent experimental platform 1000 for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification.

[0026] An intelligent experimental platform 1000 for simulating the hot spot effect of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, includes: an external occlusion simulation system 100, a fixed occlusion simulation system 200, a sunlight simulation system 300, a photovoltaic power generation simulation system 400, a monitoring system 500, and an intelligent terminal system 600.

[0027] Among them, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the external occlusion simulation system 100 mainly includes an occlusion module 110, a pitch and telescopic mechanism 120, and a moving module 130; the occlusion module 110 is fixed on the pitch and telescopic mechanism 120 and is made of an opaque material for simulating an external occluder of the photovoltaic module 420; the pitch and telescopic mechanism 120 is connected to the intelligent terminal system 600 and can be freely telescoped and pitched to adjust the angle and position of the occlusion module 110, and further adjust the position and size of the projection of the occlusion module 110 on the photovoltaic module 420; the moving module 130 is used for free movement to further adjust the position of the external occlusion simulation system 100.

[0028] Optionally, the occlusion module 110 can be replaced with different shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements. The projection of the occlusion module 110 can simulate the irregular geometric shape shadows formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module 420 by the occlusion of surrounding buildings, trees, and other components in the photovoltaic array.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, the fixed occlusion simulation system 200 mainly includes a colloid spraying module 210, a delivery hose 220, a colloid storage module 230, and a power pump 240. The colloid spraying module 210 is used to spray opaque colloid on the surface of the photovoltaic module 420 to simulate the occluder fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module 420. The delivery hose 220 is used to connect the colloid spraying module 210, the power pump 240, and the colloid storage module 230 in sequence. The colloid storage module 230 is used to store the colloid. The power pump 240 is used to control the colloid supply intensity and provide spraying power.

[0030] Advantageously, the colloid sprayed by the fixed occlusion simulation system 200 has the characteristics of being opaque, having high viscosity, high melting point, and being easy to solidify, so as to simulate the occluders fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module 420, such as dust, bird droppings with different distribution densities, and snow with different occlusion ratios. The spraying area, shape, thickness, and distribution density of the colloid can be adjusted according to experimental requirements.

[0031] Continuing to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the sunlight simulation system 300 mainly includes a lighting array 310, a first slide rail 320, a first motion module 330, a pitching mechanism 340, a ground slide rail 350, and a ground motion module 360. The lighting array 310 includes multiple lighting units and is used to simulate sunlight with different illumination intensities. The first slide rail 320 has a semi-circular structure, is vertically fixed to the ground motion module 360, and is connected to the first motion module 330 to enable the first motion module 330 to move freely along the first slide rail 320, so as to adjust the position of the lighting array 310. The pitching mechanism 340 is used to adjust the light incident angle of the lighting array 310. The ground slide rail 350 is circular and arranged on the ground. The ground motion module 360 can move freely along the ground slide rail 350 and is used to adjust the position of the first slide rail 320. The sunlight simulation system 300 can simulate the sun positions at different latitudes and times through the coordinated movement of the first motion module 330 and the ground motion module 360.

[0032] Advantageously, the sunlight simulation system 300 can simulate the dynamic azimuth of the sun changing with time, so as to clarify the influence of the dynamic shadow of external occluders generating hot spot effects on the photovoltaic module 420. At the same time, the lighting array 310 can change the light incident angle through the first motion module 330 and the pitching mechanism 340, so as to simulate the sun incident angles at different latitudes.

[0033] Continuing to refer toFigure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2 , the photovoltaic power generation simulation system 400 is composed of an energy storage module 410, a photovoltaic module 420, and an adjustable bracket 430. The energy storage module 410 is used to provide a potential difference to keep the photovoltaic module 420 in a working state. The photovoltaic module 420 is used to receive light and generate a hot spot effect under the influence of an occluder. The adjustable bracket 430 is arranged below the photovoltaic module 420 to support the photovoltaic module 420 and adjust the inclination angle and the height from the ground of the photovoltaic module 420.

[0034] Optionally, the photovoltaic module 420 can be a thin-film module, a double-glass module, a flexible module, etc., so as to clarify the influence of different types of modules on the hot spot effect and the fault characteristics.

[0035] Continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1 , the monitoring system 500 includes a dual-spectrum camera 510, a second slide rail 520, a second motion module 530, a circuit analysis module 540, and a radiation measurement module 550. The dual-spectrum camera 510 can simultaneously capture images in the visible light band and the infrared band, and is used to photograph the dynamic damage process and temperature distribution of the photovoltaic module 420 after the hot spot effect caused by different occluders, and can record the fire spread process from local hot spots to open flames of the photovoltaic module 420 and the burn damage degree of the photovoltaic module 420. The second slide rail 520 has a semi-circular structure and is vertically fixed to the ground. The second motion module 530 is controlled by the intelligent terminal system 600 and is arranged on the second slide rail 520 to adjust the position of the dual-spectrum camera 510 to photograph the front or back of the photovoltaic module 420. The circuit analysis module 540 can identify and record the changes in the current, voltage, and power parameters of the photovoltaic module 420 to clarify the characteristics of the electrical signal fluctuations caused by the hot spot effect of different occluders. The circuit analysis module 540 can also monitor and mark the critical electrical signal parameters that cause damage to the photovoltaic module 420 due to the hot spot effect. The radiation measurement module 550 is arranged on the top of the photovoltaic module to measure the radiation reception amount of the photovoltaic module 420 at different inclination angles.

[0036] Advantageously, the dual-spectrum camera 510 can move freely along the second slide rail 520 through the second motion module 530, reducing the shooting angle error and avoiding the influence of the external occlusion simulation system 100 on the shooting picture.

[0037] Advantageously, when the dual-spectrum camera 510 photographs the front of the photovoltaic module 420, it can record the shadow image of the external occluder on the photovoltaic module 420 or the image of the fixed occluder. When the dual-spectrum camera 510 photographs the back of the photovoltaic module 420, it can also record the dynamic damage process and damage characteristics of the back of the photovoltaic module 420 under the hot spot effect.

[0038] Continue to refer to Figure 1As shown, the intelligent terminal system 600 controls the pitching and telescoping mechanism 120 and the moving module 130 in the external occlusion simulation system 100 to achieve the free movement of the occlusion module 110; the intelligent terminal system 600 can also control the opening and closing of the power pump 240 to adjust the colloid supply; the intelligent terminal system 600 can also, by means of real-time control of the first motion module 330, the pitching mechanism 340 and the ground motion module 360 in the sunlight simulation system 300, based on the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle, three-dimensionally and dynamically simulate the solar incident light at different geographical latitudes and different times; the intelligent terminal system 600 can also, through the monitoring system 500, collect and analyze in real time data such as damage characteristics, temperature rise rate, electrical signal fluctuations and flame behavior during the dynamic damage process of the photovoltaic module 420 under different working conditions, and integrate the setting parameters and experimental data of different working conditions to construct a multi-modal parameter correlation database, so as to clarify the influence of multi-dimensional parameters such as different occluders, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module 420, light intensity and incident angle on the safe operation of the photovoltaic system under the hot spot effect.

[0039] It should be noted that the remote control algorithm and the image processing algorithm involved in this embodiment are both implemented by conventional technical means in the art, and their specific algorithm processes belong to the scope of the prior art. The core innovation of the present invention lies in simulating the hot spot effect fault law of photovoltaic modules under complex actual working conditions with multi-parameter coupling, clarifying the catastrophic critical thresholds of multi-modal parameters of photovoltaic modules and the fire characteristics of photovoltaic modules under the hot spot effect, and establishing a multi-modal parameter correlation database through the experimental data of this experimental platform.

[0040] In the description of this specification, the descriptions with reference to the terms "embodiment", "example", etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: The experimental platform is mainly composed of an external shading simulation system, a fixed shading simulation system, a sunlight simulation system, a photovoltaic power generation simulation system, a monitoring system and an intelligent terminal system; The external shielding simulation system mainly includes a shielding module, a pitch telescopic mechanism and a moving module; the shielding module is fixed on the pitch telescopic mechanism, made of opaque material, and is used to simulate the external shielding of the photovoltaic module; the pitch telescopic mechanism is connected to the intelligent terminal system, and can realize free telescopic and pitching, and is used to adjust the angle and position of the shielding module, and then adjust the position and size of the projection of the shielding module on the photovoltaic module; the moving module is used to move freely, and then adjust the position of the external shielding simulation system; The fixed shielding simulation system mainly includes a colloid spraying module, a delivery hose, a colloid storage module and a power pump; the colloid spraying module is used to spray opaque colloid on the surface of the photovoltaic module to simulate the shielding object fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module; the delivery hose is used to connect the colloid spraying module, the power pump and the colloid storage module in sequence; the colloid storage module is used to store colloid; the power pump is used to control the colloid supply intensity and provide spraying power; The sunlight simulation system mainly includes a lighting array, a first slide rail, a first motion module, a pitch mechanism, a ground slide rail and a ground motion module; the lighting array includes a plurality of lighting units for simulating sunlight with different light intensities; the first slide rail is in a semicircular structure, vertically fixed to the ground motion module, and connected to the first motion module, so as to enable the first motion module to move freely along the first slide rail to adjust the position of the lighting array; the pitch mechanism is used to adjust the incident angle of light of the lighting array; the ground slide rail is in a circular ring shape and is arranged on the ground; the ground motion module can move freely along the ground slide rail to adjust the position of the first slide rail; the sunlight simulation system can simulate the sun's position at different latitudes and times through the coordinated movement of the first motion module and the ground motion module; The photovoltaic power generation simulation system can simulate the operating state of the photovoltaic module, and is composed of an energy storage module, the photovoltaic module and an adjustable bracket; the energy storage module is used to provide a potential difference to keep the photovoltaic module in a working state; the monitoring system includes a dual-spectrum camera, a second slide rail, a second motion module, a circuit analysis module and a radiation measurement module, which can record the dynamic damage process, temperature data, electrical signals and other parameters of the photovoltaic module under the hot spot effect in real time; The intelligent terminal system is connected to other systems to control the working status of other systems, and can collect and analyze data such as damage characteristics, temperature rise rate, electrical signal fluctuations and flame behavior during the dynamic damage process of the photovoltaic components under different working conditions in real time, and then integrate the setting parameters and experimental data of different working conditions to build a multi-modal parameter association database.

2. According to claim 1, an intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules is characterized in that The shielding module can be replaced with different shapes and sizes according to experimental requirements. The projection of the shielding module can simulate the shadows formed on the surface of the photovoltaic component due to the shielding of surrounding buildings, trees and other components in the photovoltaic array.

3. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The colloid sprayed by the fixed shading simulation system has the characteristics of opacity, high viscosity, high melting point and easy solidification, so as to simulate obstructions fixed on the surface of the photovoltaic module, such as dust, bird droppings with different distribution densities and snow with different shading ratios; the area, shape, thickness and distribution density of the colloid spraying can be adjusted according to the requirements of different experimental working conditions.

4. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The dual-spectrum camera can capture images in the visible light band and the infrared band at the same time, and is used to shoot the dynamic damage process and temperature distribution of the photovoltaic module after the hot spot effect caused by different obstructions, and can record the fire spread process of the photovoltaic module from a local hot spot to an open flame and the degree of burning of the photovoltaic module.

5. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The second slide rail has a semicircular structure and is fixed vertically to the ground; the second motion module is arranged on the second slide rail and is used to adjust the position of the dual-spectrum camera so as to capture the dynamic damage process and temperature distribution of the front or back panel of the photovoltaic module.

6. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The circuit analysis module can record the dynamic changes of the current, voltage and power parameters of the photovoltaic module in real time, so as to clarify the characteristics of the electrical signal fluctuations caused by the hot spot effect caused by different obstructions; the circuit analysis module can also monitor the critical electrical signal parameters that mark the damage of the photovoltaic module caused by the hot spot effect.

7. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The radiation measurement module is arranged on the top of the photovoltaic module and is used for real-time measurement of the solar radiation received by the surface of the photovoltaic module under different working conditions.

8. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The intelligent terminal system realizes the free movement of the shielding module by controlling the pitch and telescopic mechanism and the mobile module in the external shielding simulation system; the intelligent terminal system can also control the opening and closing of the power pump to adjust the colloid injection amount; the intelligent terminal system can also realize three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the solar incident light at different geographical latitudes and different times by real-time control of the first motion module, the pitch mechanism and the ground motion module in the sunlight simulation system based on the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of the solar altitude angle and the azimuth angle.

9. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The adjustable bracket is arranged below the photovoltaic assembly, and is used to support the photovoltaic assembly, and can adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly and the height from the ground.

10. The intelligent experimental platform for simulating hot spot effect of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that The photovoltaic modules may be thin-film modules, double-glass modules, flexible modules, etc., so as to clarify the impact of hot spot effects and failure characteristics of different types of modules.

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