Method for promoting planting of ecological restoration plants based on combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust

Abstract

The invention provides a method for promoting planting of ecological restoration plants based on combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust, which comprises the following steps: mixing the mycorrhizal fungi, the biological soil crust, a nutrient medium, a growth regulating material and a water-retaining agent according to a certain proportion to obtain an ecological restoration plant planting base material; and mixing the ecological restoration plant planting base material with water and ecological restoration plant seeds to obtain a slurry-shaped spraying material, and spraying the slurry-shaped spraying material to an area to be ecologically restored. Mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust are combined for use, the potential function of ecological restoration of the mycorrhizal fungi and the biological soil crust is exerted, the planting speed of ecological restoration plants can be increased, the fungal infection rate of plant roots is increased, the stress resistance of plant growth is enhanced, and the survival rate and coverage degree of surface biological crust of an area to be ecologically restored are increased; further, the exposed area of the area to be ecologically restored can be obviously reduced, and the soil conservation effect and the ecological effect of surface water are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to ecological restoration engineering, and specifically to a method for promoting the establishment of ecological restoration plants by combining mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts. Background Art

[0002] The construction of infrastructure such as transportation, mines, hydropower projects, and urban construction has led to a large amount of mountain excavation. Currently, the demand for ecological restoration technologies for various soil-rock slopes, hardened slopes, and rock slopes is increasing continuously. With the popularization and application of various technologies in arid and semi-arid regions and the increase in the dry period brought about by extreme climates, at the initial stage of slope protection, due to the high and steep terrain of the slope, surface runoff is quickly formed in the base material and the evapotranspiration effect of the base material occurs. In addition, due to reasons such as the thin base material layer, low water storage capacity of the base material, and strong rock permeability, plants are extremely likely to be in an environment of drought stress. The water deficit caused by drought stress has become the main limiting factor for vegetation restoration and reconstruction (see Appendix Figure 2 , and drought leads to a decrease in the survival rate of slope plants). The seed limitation and microhabitat limitation faced by plants in the early stage of their life history affect population renewal and community construction, and thus affect the vegetation pattern and ecological function.

[0003] Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most representative plant symbiotic fungi and can form symbiotic systems with more than 70% of terrestrial plants. A large number of studies have shown that the AMF symbiotic system can enhance the adaptability of host plants to various stress conditions, regulate plant growth and physiological changes, and it can establish hyphal connections between the roots of different plants. Therefore, AMF plays an important ecological role in improving plant mineral nutrition, promoting plant growth and development, enhancing plant stress resistance, and regulating nutrient cycling.

[0004] Biological soil crusts (BSC) are very complex surface covers formed by cryptogams such as cyanobacteria, lichens, mosses, and microorganisms, as well as related other organisms through the cementation of soil surface particles by secretions, mycelia, and rhizoids. Some studies have shown that BSC can increase soil resource heterogeneity, affect the distribution of surface substances, the settlement of seed plant individuals, and thus affect the pattern and dynamics of surface material and energy, and have an important impact on ecosystem functions. The changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the surface during the growth and development of biological crusts affect the germination, emergence, and seedling establishment processes of the remaining seeds.

[0005] Some domestic and foreign studies have found that the presence of biological soil crusts significantly increases the N uptake of vascular plants, and also increases the uptake of some nutrient elements such as Mg, K, Cu, and Zn to varying degrees. At the same time, mycorrhizal fungi establish a huge mycorrhizal network system among vascular plants, biological soil crusts, and soil. Through the mycorrhizal network, the exchange of nutrient elements such as C, N, and P can be realized among biological soil crusts, plants, and soil, providing more available nutrients for plant growth. How to combine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts for ecological restoration plant establishment is the focus of research. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the current technical problems, the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combined use of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts. After mixing the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate with water and ecological restoration plant seeds, a slurry-like spraying material is obtained and sprayed onto the area to be ecologically restored. After maintenance, the germination rate of seeds can be significantly increased, the fungal infection rate of plant roots can be promoted, the stress resistance of plant growth can be enhanced, the survival rate and coverage of surface biological soil crusts in the area to be ecologically restored can be improved, and thus the bare area of the area to be ecologically restored can be significantly reduced, and the surface soil and water conservation effect and ecological effect can be increased.

[0007] To achieve the above technical features, the object of the present invention is realized as follows: A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combined use of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts, including: mixing mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crusts with a nutrient matrix, a growth regulator, and a water retainer in a certain proportion to obtain an ecological restoration plant establishment substrate, mixing the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate with water and ecological restoration plant seeds to obtain a slurry-like spraying material, and spraying the spraying material onto the area to be ecologically restored.

[0008] Preferably, the mycorrhizal fungi include one or a mixture of Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices.

[0009] Preferably, the biological soil crusts include two or more of Plagiomnium acutum, Bryum argenteum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum plumaeforme, Conocephalum conicum, and cyanobacteria.

[0010] Preferably, the nutrient matrix is a mixture of planting soil, organic matter, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar.

[0011] Preferably, the growth regulator is a mixture of humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

[0012] Preferably, the water retainer is a high molecular weight water-absorbing resin.

[0013] Preferably, the specific ratio based on the planting soil in the nutrient matrix is as follows: the mass ratio of planting soil, organic material, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar is 100:6 - 12:9 - 15:15 - 20:2 - 4:2 - 6.

[0014] Preferably, the organic material includes one or more of garden litter, agricultural crop straws, sawdust, coconut coir, etc.

[0015] Preferably, the specific ratio of the growth regulator is as follows: the mass ratio of humic acid, compound amino acid, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 35 - 45:1 - 5:2 - 5:5 - 8.

[0016] Preferably, the water - retaining agent is a white granular high - molecular water - absorbing resin with a mesh size of 100 - 150.

[0017] Preferably, the specific ratio of the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate based on the nutrient matrix is as follows: the mass ratio of mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crust, nutrient matrix, growth regulator, and water - retaining agent is 1.2 - 2:8 - 15:100:2 - 6:6 - 10.

[0018] Preferably, the spraying material is composed of the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate, water, and ecological restoration plant seeds. The mass ratio of the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate to water is 2 - 3:1.

[0019] Preferably, the ecological restoration plant seeds are the commonly used grass, shrub, and vine seeds for slope ecological restoration, and the usage amount is set at 25 - 40 grams per square meter according to the spraying area; Preferably, the spraying thickness of the spraying material is 2 - 10 cm.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. After mixing the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate, water, and ecological restoration plant seeds, the present invention obtains a slurry - like spraying material, which is sprayed onto the area to be ecologically restored. After curing, it can greatly improve the germination rate of seeds, promote the fungal infection rate of plant roots, enhance the stress resistance of plant growth, improve the survival rate and coverage of the surface biological crust in the area to be ecologically restored, and thus can significantly reduce the bare area in the area to be ecologically restored, increasing the surface soil and water conservation effect and ecological effect.

[0021] 2. Through the combined action of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust, the present invention can have the following effects on ecological restoration plants: 1) improving the germination rate and colonization of seeds; 2) increasing the fungal infection rate of plant roots; 3) enhancing the stress resistance of plants; 4) effectively improving the coverage of the surface biological crust after slope ecological restoration and promoting plant growth; 5) effectively increasing the combination of slope ecological restoration processes. Therefore, the combined application of biological soil crust and mycorrhizal fungi provides a new idea for slope ecological restoration. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Figure 1 This is the flow chart of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This shows the plant growth situation of a certain ecological restoration slope investigated after the drought in the Yangtze River Basin caused by extreme climate in 2022 (after the drought, the plants withered and dropped, and the survival rate of surface plants was significantly reduced).

[0025] Figure 3 This is the soil biological crust cultivated by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This shows the survival situation of Cassia tora after germination under different treatment groups under drought conditions of the present invention (gray line: control group; orange line: group using only soil biological crust; blue line: combined group of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust).

[0027] Figure 5 This shows the growth change of Cassia tora over time under different treatment groups of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This shows the effect of AMF on the root infection rate of Festuca arundinacea in vegetation concrete under different treatments of the present invention (Note: CK: non-inoculated control group; Ri: group inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices alone; Fm: group inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae alone; FR: group inoculated with a mixture of two mycorrhizal fungi; C: vegetation concrete group; C0: group without added cement; SD: severe drought group; MD: moderate drought group; WW: normal water group).

[0029] Figure 7 This shows the effect of AMF on the soluble sugar content of Festuca arundinacea in vegetation concrete under different treatments of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is the experimental photo of the growth situation of Festuca arundinacea under combined treatment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is the microscopic photo of the mycorrhizal fungi infection situation in the roots of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This shows the colonization situation of surface vegetation and bryophyte biological crust of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0034] Example 1: The present invention provides a method for promoting the establishment of ecological restoration plants by combining mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts, including: mixing the mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crusts, nutrient matrix, growth regulator, and water-retaining agent in a certain proportion to obtain a substrate for establishing ecological restoration plants; the mycorrhizal fungi include Funneliformis mosseae ( Funneliformis mosseae ), and Rhizophagus intraradices ( Rhizophagus intraradices ), and the types of the biological soil crusts include Plagiomnium acutum ( Plagiomnium cuspidatum ), Bryum argenteum ( Bryum argenteum ), Thuidium cymbifolium ( Thuidium cymbifolium ), Funaria hygrometrica ( Funaria hygrometrica ), Hypnum plumaeforme ( Hypnum plumaeforme ), Conocephalum conicum ( Conocephalum conicum ), and cyanobacteria; the components of the nutrient matrix include planting soil, organic matter, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar; the growth regulator includes humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the water-retaining agent includes a high molecular weight water-absorbing resin.

[0035] In this embodiment, preferably, the substrate for establishing ecological restoration plants is mixed with water and seeds of ecological restoration plants to obtain a slurry-like spraying material, and the spraying material is sprayed on the area to be ecologically restored by a spraying machine. The mass ratio of the substrate for establishing ecological restoration plants to water is preferably 2-3:1; the seeds of ecological restoration plants are seeds such as grasses, shrubs, and vines commonly used for slope ecological restoration. The spraying machine is a commonly used spraying machine in the field of slope ecological restoration, ensuring that the spraying material can adhere to the slope surface evenly and with a certain strength.

[0036] In this embodiment, the mycorrhizal fungi include Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices. The present invention has no special limitation on the source of the mycorrhizal fungi, which can be obtained by collecting and propagating from ecological restoration sample plots or purchased commercially. At the same time, when the two are used in combination, there is no special limitation on the mixing quality of the two mycorrhizal fungi, and any quality mixing is acceptable.

[0037] In this embodiment, the types of the biological soil crusts include Plagiomnium acutum, Bryum argenteum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum plumaeforme, Conocephalum conicum, and cyanobacteria. The present invention has no special limitation on the sources of Plagiomnium acutum, Bryum argenteum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum plumaeforme, Conocephalum conicum, and cyanobacteria, which can be collected from the wild, obtained after artificial cultivation, or purchased commercially. At the same time, when two or more of the above types are used in combination, there is no special limitation on the mixing quality of Plagiomnium acutum, Bryum argenteum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum plumaeforme, Conocephalum conicum, and cyanobacteria, and any quality mixing is acceptable.

[0038] Preferably, the sources of Plagiomnium acutum, Bryum argenteum, Thuidium cymbifolium, Funaria hygrometrica, Hypnum plumaeforme, and Conocephalum conicum in the present invention are artificial cultivation, including: after collecting the seed sources from the wild or purchasing the commercial seed sources, artificially cultivating various biological soil crusts in the cultivation trays (attachedFigure 3 ), wait for the growth length of various types of biological soil crusts to be 0.5 - 3 cm. After harvesting, place them in a cool and ventilated cabinet to air-dry to obtain air-dried biological soil crusts.

[0039] Preferably, after drying and crushing the above two or more kinds of biological soil crusts, soil biological crust materials are obtained. In the present invention, the air-drying treatment ensures that the soil biological crusts are in a dormant stage, maintaining good metabolic functions, and can quickly restore their proliferation ability in later applications, improving the growth rate of soil biological crusts.

[0040] In this embodiment, the nutrient matrix is a mixture of planting soil, organic material, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar; preferably, the mass ratio of the planting soil, organic material, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar (based on the planting soil) is: 100:6 - 12:9 - 15:15 - 20:2 - 4:2 - 6. Preferably, the organic material includes one or several of garden litter, agricultural crop straws, sawdust, coconut coir, etc.; when the several organic materials are preferably any two or more, they can be mixed in any mass ratio. Agricultural crop straws such as corn straws, rice straws, rice husks, etc.; the organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar are not specifically limited and can be commercially available qualified products.

[0041] In this embodiment, the growth regulator is preferably a mixture of humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose; preferably, the mass ratio of humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose is 35 - 45:1 - 5:2 - 5:5 - 8. The humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose are not specifically limited and can be commercially available qualified products. The humic acid and compound amino acids in this embodiment have a biological stimulation effect, promoting plant cell division and proliferation, and promoting the growth of soil biological crusts and plant roots; the calcium acetate has an anti-corruption effect and inhibits pathogenic bacteria; after mixing, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is easy to exhibit a cementing property when encountering water, promoting the formation of a good structure of the base material.

[0042] In this embodiment, the water-retaining agent is preferably a high-molecular water-absorbing resin. It is preferably white particles with a diameter of 100 - 150 mesh, and the source is not specifically limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used.

[0043] In this embodiment, the spraying material includes mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crusts, nutrient matrix, growth regulator, and water-retaining agent. Preferably, the mixing mass ratio is (based on the nutrient matrix): 1.2 - 2:8 - 15:100:2 - 6:6 - 10.

[0044] In this embodiment, it is also preferably included to mix the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate with water and ecological restoration plant seeds. The mass ratio of the ecological restoration plant establishment substrate to water is preferably 2-3:1 to obtain a slurry-like spraying material. Preferably, the thickness of the sprayed material is 2-10 cm, more preferably 4-6 cm.

[0045] In this embodiment, the ecological restoration plant seeds are seeds such as grasses, shrubs, and vines commonly used for slope ecological restoration, and their sources are not specifically limited, and commercially available qualified products can be used. The ecological restoration plant seeds in this embodiment preferably include Cassia tora, Festuca arundinacea, Indigofera amblyantha, Sophora xanthantha, Cynodon dactylon, etc., and one or several of them are mixed when used. In this embodiment, the seed dosage is 10-25 g per square meter. In this embodiment, the ecological restoration plant seeds have a colonization survival rate of more than 65% after implementation, their roots form a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi, and form a composite surface plant cover layer with soil biological crusts, promoting the rapid and continuous establishment of plants near the surface of the slope.

[0046] The ecological restoration plant establishment method provided by the present invention is preferably suitable for the ecological restoration of various rocky, soil, rock-soil mixed slopes, and artificial lining slopes, and is also suitable for the ecological restoration of slopes or bald patches where surface plant degradation has occurred due to various reasons in slopes where ecological restoration has already been carried out (such as Figure 2 ).

[0047] After spraying the spraying material on the area to be ecologically restored, the present invention also preferably includes the need to carry out maintenance management, covering the slope surface with non-woven fabric or straw curtain for maintenance, and the maintenance period is 30-60 d. During the maintenance period, the sprayed substrate is kept sufficiently moist to promote the growth and establishment of soil biological crusts and plant seeds.

[0048] Example 2: To verify the application effect of a method for promoting the establishment of ecological restoration plants based on the combined use of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts proposed by the present invention, especially the germination effect of plants, a pot experiment was adopted. Selecting Funneliformis mosseae ( Funneliformis mosseae , Fm) as the source of mycorrhizal fungi, selecting Plagiomnium acutum ( Plagiomnium cuspidatum ), Bryum argenteum ( Bryum argenteum ), Hypnum plumaeforme ( Hypnum plumaeformeIt is the source of biological soil crust. The moss has a length of about 1.5 cm. After drying and crushing it, it is mixed to form biological soil crust. According to the mass ratio of 100:6:10:16:2:4, select planting soil, organic material, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar and mix them to form a nutrient matrix. Among them, the organic material is a mixture of crushed corn straw and sawdust. According to the mass ratio of 45:3:2:8, select humic acid, compound amino acid, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and mix them to form a growth regulator. The water-retaining agent is a 100-mesh high-molecular water-absorbing resin. Based on the nutrient matrix, according to the mass ratio of 1.2:15:100:6:10, evenly mix the above-mentioned mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crust with the nutrient matrix, growth regulator, and water-retaining agent to form an ecological restoration plant establishment substrate. Then, according to the mass ratio of 2:1 with water, select Cassia obtusifolia as the test plant and add it (designing 50 seeds per pot), and mix to obtain a slurry-like spraying material.

[0049] The pot experiment was designed with three groups: a control group, a group using only biological soil crust, and a combined group of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust, with several pots in each group. Pre-install about 2.0 kg of planting soil in the pot as the base, and then spray the slurry-like spraying material on it with a thickness of 4 cm to complete the potting process. Then cover the sprayed surface with non-woven fabric and start the subsequent maintenance management process. During this period, keep the water supply sufficient to ensure the needs of seed germination. After three days of maintenance, start monitoring the seed germination situation and make statistical records for calculating the germination rate.

[0050] After 20 days of seed germination monitoring experiment, the germination rate of Cassia obtusifolia in the combined group of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust can reach 54%, and the group using only biological soil crust reaches 42%, which is much higher than 28% of the control group. (Appendix Figure 4 、 5 ).

[0051] Implementation 3: To verify the application effect of a method for promoting the establishment of ecological restoration plants based on the combined use of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust proposed by the present invention, with a focus on mycorrhizal infection and stress resistance of ecological restoration plants, etc., a pot experiment was adopted. Select Funneliformis mosseae ( Funneliformis mosseae , Fm) and Rhizophagus intraradices ( Rhizophagus intraradices , Ri) as the sources of mycorrhizal fungi, and select Plagiomnium acutum ( Plagiomnium cuspidatum ), Thuidium cymbifolium ( Thuidium cymbifolium ), Funaria hygrometrica ( Funaria hygrometrica ), Hypnum plumaeforme ( Hypnum plumaeforme ), Conocephalum conicum ( Conocephalum conicum)( ) and cyanobacteria are the sources of biological soil crusts. The moss length is about 1.5 cm. After drying and crushing, they are mixed to form biological soil crusts. According to the mass ratio of 100:12:9:20:4:2, select planting soil, organic materials, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar and mix them to form a nutrient matrix. Among them, the organic materials are selected as the mixture of crushed corn straw, sawdust, and coconut coir. According to the mass ratio of 35:5:5:6, select humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and mix them to form a growth regulator. The water-retaining agent is a high-molecular water-absorbing resin with a mesh size of 120. Based on the nutrient matrix, according to the mass ratio of 2:8:100:4:6, evenly mix the above mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crusts with the nutrient matrix, growth regulator, and water-retaining agent to form an ecological restoration plant establishment substrate. Then, according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1 with water, select tall fescue as the test plant and add it. The application rate is calculated as 25 g / m² according to the spraying area. Mix to obtain a slurry-like spraying material.

[0052] The pot experiment design is as follows: CK: non-inoculated control group; Ri: single inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices group; Fm: single inoculation with Funneliformis mosseae group; FR: mixed inoculation with two mycorrhizal fungi group, C: vegetation concrete group; C0: group without adding cement, SD: severe drought group; MD: moderate drought group; WW: normal water group, with several pots in each group. Preload about 2.0 kg of planting soil in the pot as the base, and then spray the slurry-like spraying material on it with a thickness of 6 cm to complete the potting process. Then cover the sprayed surface with non-woven fabric and start the subsequent maintenance management process. During this period, maintain three water supply states to verify the mycorrhizal infection and stress resistance characteristics of tall fescue. 60 days after the start of drought stress, measure the mycorrhizal infection rate of the roots of tall fescue and the content of soluble sugar in the leaves.

[0053] The results show that the mycorrhizal infection rate in the severe drought (SD) group is the lowest, and the mycorrhizal infection rate in the moderate drought (MD) group is the highest. Under the condition of not adding cement, compared with severe drought (SD), the mycorrhizal infection rates of single inoculation with Ri, Fm, and double inoculation with FR in moderate drought (MD) are significantly increased. Comparing different inoculation methods, generally speaking, the mycorrhizal infection rate in the single inoculation with Fm group is significantly higher than that in the single inoculation with Ri group and the mixed inoculation (FR) group. The mycorrhizal infection rate in the single inoculation with Ri group is the lowest. Only under severe drought conditions, the mycorrhizal infection rate in the mixed inoculation with FR group is higher than that in the single inoculation with Fm. The content of soluble sugar shows a significant decrease under moderate drought and normal water conditions, while under severe drought conditions, the content in the concrete (C) group is significantly higher than that in the group without adding cement (C0). Under the non-inoculated control group, the content of soluble sugar is higher under severe drought, moderate drought, and normal water conditions. Under medium and low drought conditions, alkalinity can alleviate the impact caused by drought, and the soluble content decreases. However, under severe drought, the content of soluble sugar increases rapidly to alleviate the damage caused by stress to plants (Appendix Figure 6, 7 , 8). The infection rate of AMF on plants decreases with the intensification of soil drought degree. However, the infection rate in the roots of the moderately drought group is higher than that under normal water conditions, which also indicates that moderate drought can promote the growth and reproduction of mycorrhiza and its infection of plant roots. Plants rely on mycorrhizal symbiosis to improve water absorption under drought conditions and enhance the stress resistance of plant roots. At the same time, soluble sugars in plants are osmotic adjustment substances, which can reduce the damage of environmental stress to cells by increasing the intracellular solute concentration and preventing excessive cell dehydration. With the intensification of drought degree, the content of soluble sugars increases significantly, indicating that drought and alkaline environmental stress cause oxidative damage to the cell membrane structure, and then initiate the osmotic adjustment mechanism. The increase in the content of soluble sugars maintains the turgor pressure of cells under stress and alleviates the damage of drought to the cell membrane.

[0054] Example 4: To verify the application effect of a method for promoting the establishment of ecological restoration plants based on the combined use of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crusts proposed by the present invention, with a focus on the field ecological restoration effect and the success of plant establishment, a field slope simulation experiment was carried out. Select Glomus mosseae ( Funneliformis mosseae , Fm) and Rhizophagus intraradices ( Rhizophagus intraradices , Ri) as the sources of mycorrhizal fungi, and select Plagiomnium acutum ( Plagiomnium cuspidatum ), Bryum argenteum ( Bryum argenteum ), Thuidium cymbifolium ( Thuidium cymbifolium ), Funaria hygrometrica ( Funaria hygrometrica ), Hypnum plumaeforme ( Hypnum plumaeforme ), Conocephalum conicum ( Conocephalum conicum) and cyanobacteria are the sources of biological soil crusts. The moss length is about 2.5 cm. After drying and crushing, they are mixed to form biological soil crusts. According to the mass ratio of 100:10:12:20:3:4, select planting soil, organic materials, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar and mix them to form a nutrient matrix. Among them, the organic materials are selected as a mixture of rice husks, sawdust, and coconut coir. According to the mass ratio of 40:3:5:5, select humic acid, compound amino acids, calcium acetate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and mix them to form a growth regulator. The water-retaining agent is a high-molecular water-absorbing resin with a mesh size of 150. Based on the nutrient matrix, mix the above mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crusts with the nutrient matrix, growth regulator, and water-retaining agent evenly according to the mass ratio of 2:15:100:6:8 to form an ecological restoration plant establishment substrate. Then, according to the mass ratio of 2.5:1 with water, select seeds of common grass, shrubs, vines, etc. for slope ecological restoration, add them into it, and the dosage is calculated as 40 grams per square meter according to the spraying area. Mix to obtain a slurry-like spraying material. Select a small highway slope in Yichang City, which is a highly weathered rocky gentle slope. After slope surface pretreatment, install a mesh according to the conventional slope ecological restoration procedure. Then spray the above slurry-like spraying material onto the slope surface with a spray seeder in multiple times, and the thickness is 10 cm. Carry out maintenance management, cover the slope surface with non-woven fabric or straw curtain for maintenance, and the maintenance period is 60 days. During the maintenance period, keep the sprayed substrate fully moist to promote the growth and establishment of soil biological crusts and plant seeds.

[0055] One year after the project construction, monitor the mycorrhizal infection situation of underground roots, surface moss crusts, vegetation coverage, etc. It shows that the mycorrhizal infection situation in the roots of ecological restoration plants is good, and a good symbiotic relationship has been established between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. At the same time, the coverage of surface moss plants is greater than 70%, and the overall coverage of ecological restoration plants is greater than 80%.

[0056] The above-described implementation cases are only the preferred implementation modes of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and adjustments can still be made, and these improvements and adjustments should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust, characterized in that: include: Mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crust, nutrient matrix, growth regulator and water retaining agent are mixed in a certain proportion to obtain an ecological restoration plant planting substrate. The ecological restoration plant planting substrate is mixed with water and ecological restoration plant seeds to obtain a muddy injection material, and the injection material is sprayed onto the area to be ecologically restored.

2. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mycorrhizal fungi include one of Psoralea mosseae and Rhizocystis endoradiata or a mixture of the two.

3. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 2, characterized in that: The biological soil crust includes two or more of creeping lantern moss, true moss, large feather moss, gourd moss, large gray moss, snake moss and blue algae.

4. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nutrient matrix is ​​a mixture of planting soil, organic material, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement and biochar.

5. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 4, characterized in that: The growth regulator is a mixture of humic acid, compound amino acid, calcium acetate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

6. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water retaining agent is a high molecular weight water absorbing resin.

7. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific ratio of the nutrient matrix based on planting soil is: the mass ratio of planting soil, organic material, vermiculite, organic fertilizer, cement, and biochar is 100:6-12:9-15:15-20:2-4:2-6; The organic materials include one or more of garden litter, agricultural crop straw, sawdust, coconut bran and the like.

8. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific ratio of the growth regulator is: the mass ratio of humic acid, compound amino acid, calcium acetate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 35-45:1-5:2-5:5-8; The water retaining agent is a white granular polymer water-absorbing resin with a mesh size of 100 to 150.

9. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific ratio of the ecological restoration plant planting substrate based on the nutrient matrix is: the mass ratio of mycorrhizal fungi, biological soil crust and nutrient matrix, growth regulator and water retaining agent is 1.2-2:8-15:100:2-6:6-10.

10. A method for promoting ecological restoration plant establishment based on the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and biological soil crust according to claim 9, characterized in that: The injection material is formed by mixing the ecological restoration plant construction base material with water and ecological restoration plant seeds, and the mass ratio of the ecological restoration plant construction base material to water is 2 to 3:1; The ecological restoration plant seeds are grass, shrub and vine seeds commonly used in slope ecological restoration, and the usage amount is set at 25-40 grams per square meter according to the spraying area; The spraying thickness of the spraying material is 2 to 10 cm.

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