Lanzhou lily field scale cuttage breeding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding methods, in particular to a Lanzhou lily field scale cutting breeding method which comprises the steps of breeding field preparation, seedball screening and processing, breeding scale stripping and selecting, scale processing, scale cutting, wheat straw disinfection processing, grass and film covering, moisture preserving and temperature increasing, hole opening and film uncovering, seedling stage management and seedball harvesting. According to the method, through the technologies of bulb and scale treatment optimization, grass and film double-covering temperature raising and moisturizing and the like, direct cuttage breeding of high-quality seedballs of Lanzhou lilies in a field in the cold and arid region is achieved. By means of the method, the bulblet occurrence rate can reach 95.0%-98.7%, the multiplication coefficient can reach 6.8-7.0, and the seedling emergence and growth conditions are equivalent to those of a greenhouse and a greenhouse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The technical field of plant propagation methods, specifically a method for field scale cutting propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor in Lanzhou. Background Technique

[0002] Since the reproduction of edible lilies mainly relies on asexual reproduction, after multiple generations of reproduction, virus infection and varietal degeneration occur, resulting in reduced yield and quality. At the same time, due to the lack of virus-free seed bulbs and purification and rejuvenation seed bulb breeding bases and practical technologies, and insufficient supply, currently, reproduction is still carried out using the stem mother seeds and divided bulbs after multiple generations of reproduction, which leads to a shortage of high-quality seed bulbs in the market. The formation of stem-borne small bulbs will have an adverse impact on commercial lilies, reducing their yield. Moreover, the number of stem-borne small bulbs generated by single-headed lilies and double-headed lilies with excellent quality is relatively small, while the number of stem-borne small bulbs of multi-headed and "thousand-headed" lilies is relatively high. Therefore, fewer excellent inverted ditch mother seeds are obtained. Generally, the harvested multi-headed lilies are divided and used as seed bulbs, which further reduces the yield and quality of lilies, and at the same time, the quality of the obtained stem-borne small bulbs is further reduced, resulting in a vicious cycle. Multiple factors are superimposed year by year, causing the overall degeneration of lily germplasm. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for field scale cutting propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor in Lanzhou to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A method for field scale cutting propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor in Lanzhou, which is carried out according to the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of the propagation land (1) Rotary tillage and fertilization: Select a plot with a previous crop other than the lily family. From the end of April to the beginning of May, when the soil humidity is 20%-30%, evenly spread 3000-3500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or 500-560 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate, 10-15 kg of diamine, 1-1.2 kg of bifenthrin • clothianidin, and 0.8-1.0 kg of carbendazim per mu, and deeply plow the soil by 25-30 cm; (2) Land preparation and ridging: Immediately ridge the soil after deep plowing. Do not step on the ridging position again. The ridge width is 90 cm, the ridge height is 10 cm. Immediately cover a plastic film with a thickness of 0.015-0.02 mm and a width of 1.2 m on the ridge surface to prevent water evaporation and loss. The interval between ridges is 40-50 cm; Step 2: Screening and treatment of seed bulbs Select disease-free and pest-free commercial Lanzhou lilies that have been treated at low temperature for 3 - 4 years 4 - 5 days before land preparation. If they are frozen lilies, they need to be slowly thawed under cool conditions at 10 - 15°C. If they are cellared lilies, they need to be air-dried indoors. After the commercial Lanzhou lilies are thawed or air-dried, they are completely immersed in a solution containing 0.5 - 0.65 g / L carbendazim, 0.4 - 0.5 g / L zhongshengmycin, 0.15 - 0.2 g / L thiamethoxam, 0.15 - 0.2 g / L pyraclostrobin, and 0.2 - 0.25 ml / L 24-epibrassinolide. After soaking for 30 - 40 minutes, they are fished out and inverted to dry in a cool place to make the scales soft. Step Three: Propagation Scale Stripping and Selection Remove the scales with poor quality or dry scales on the surface of the bulb of the commercial Lanzhou lilies treated in Step Two. Start stripping from the second layer of scales, and prevent damage to the scale surface during stripping. Each scale is taken with a part of the basal tissue. Stop stripping when the diameter of the remaining bulb core is close to 3 cm so that the remaining bulb core can be used for bulb core propagation. During the stripping process, the 2 - 4 layers of scales (outer layer), 5 - 7 layers of scales (middle layer), and other inner scales are placed and classified separately. Step Four: Scale Treatment Spread out the scales in Step Three evenly in a cool place, and spray a 2.0 - 2.5 g / L rooting powder solution evenly once with an electric sprayer. Wait until there is no liquid on the surface of the scales and collect them into a plastic basket. Step Five: Scale Cuttage Uncover the plastic film on one side of the well-prepared seedbed. Open 16 - 18 cm transverse grooves on the seedbed according to a furrow distance of 15 cm, with a groove depth of 7 - 8 cm. Loosen the soil at the bottom of the groove. Place the scales treated in Step Four into the grooves according to a row spacing of 7 - 8 cm. Four rows are placed in each groove, and the spacing between scales in each row is 3.5 - 4.0 cm. When placing the scales, the base is facing down and the tip is facing up, and they are inserted straight into the soil in the groove. Avoid damaging and breaking the scales during insertion. After planting, cover with fine, soft, and loose soil. During the cutting process, uncover the film as you plant, and do not uncover too much at once. Step Six: Wheat Straw Disinfection Treatment In the evening one day before planting, spread out the prepared wheat straw at the edge of the field, spray a 0.5 - 0.65 g / L carbendazim solution with a sprayer, turn over the wheat straw, and spray again to disinfect all the wheat straw. Step 7: Covering with Straw and Film to Keep Moist and Increase Temperature After cutting and covering the soil, cover the seedbed with 3 - 4 cm thick wheat straw that has been disinfected in Step Six, and then cover the seedbed with the plastic film again. The covered straw should be tidied up flat to prevent damage to the plastic film. Ensure that the plastic film is intact in the early stage and there should be no damage. The intact plastic film can effectively keep moisture and increase temperature. Small bulbs the size of rice grains will appear on the scales 14 - 17 days after cutting, roots will grow out 25 - 30 days later, and the seedlings will emerge from the soil 50 - 55 days later. Step Eight: Opening Holes and Uncovering the Film After 50 - 55 days of cutting, new small bulbs emerge one after another. As the temperature rises, the soil temperature inside the film also increases. When the soil temperature inside the film exceeds 32°C, make spaced holes on the plastic film with a hole spacing of 1.5 m; add some holes every 2 - 3 days; when the top of the first batch of seedlings penetrates the wheat straw and is about to touch the plastic film, gradually uncover the plastic film in the evening within 2 - 3 days; the wheat straw covering can be removed or retained according to the weather conditions of the current year in the later stage. Removing it is convenient for later topdressing, and retaining it is beneficial for the growth of seedlings in case of extremely dry weather in the later stage; Step Nine: Seedling Stage Management After emergence, weeds should be removed in a timely manner. Deep tillage for weed control is not advisable. Spray foliar fertilizer once a month after uncovering the film. Spray anti - senescence fertilizer in mid - July, including potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 1.0 - 1.2 g / L and urea at 2.0 - 2.2 g / L once. In the spring of the second year, open furrows for topdressing between the horizontal furrows of the cuttings in the seedbed. Apply 2500 - 3000 kg of farmyard manure or 350 - 4000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12 - 16 kg of urea, 60 - 65 kg of superphosphate, and 25 - 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. Subsequent management is the same as in the first year; Step Ten: Bulb Harvesting Dig and grade the bulbs in mid - to late October of the second year or late March of the third year. Bulbs above 20 g are used for commercial lily planting, and bulbs below 20 g are planted in the mother seed field.

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention is aimed at the problems in the Lanzhou cold and arid area, such as low temperature, water shortage, easy rotting of field - scale cuttings of Lilium davidii var. unicolor and low multiplication coefficient, as well as high input costs and large labor requirements in greenhouses and warm sheds. It is a method for field - scale cutting of Lilium davidii var. unicolor scales suitable for the cold and arid area. Through technologies such as optimizing bulb and scale treatment, and double - covering with grass and film for temperature increase and moisture retention, high - quality bulbs are directly cut and propagated in the field for Lilium davidii var. unicolor in the cold and arid area. This method can make the incidence rate of small bulbs reach 95.0% - 98.7%, and the multiplication coefficient reach 6.8 - 7.0. The emergence and growth conditions are equivalent to those in greenhouses and warm sheds. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] The following further explains the present invention with reference to the drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 It is the effect diagram of scale cutting for 20 days using this method; Figure 2 It is the effect diagram of scale cutting in greenhouse substrate for 20 days. Detailed Embodiment

[0007] The following details the present invention, and clearly and completely describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for field - scale cutting and propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor scales, which is carried out according to the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of Breeding Ground (1) Rotary tillage and fertilization: Select a plot with a previous crop other than Liliaceae. From the end of April to the beginning of May, when the soil humidity is 20%-30%, evenly spread 3000-3500 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure or 500-560 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate, 10-15 kg of diamine, 1-1.2 kg of bifenthrin•clothianidin, and 0.8-1.0 kg of carbendazim per mu, and deeply plow the soil by 25-30 cm; (2) Land preparation and ridging: Immediately ridge the soil after deep plowing. Do not step on the ridging area again. The ridge width is 90 cm, the ridge height is 10 cm. Immediately cover a plastic film with a thickness of 0.015-0.02 mm and a width of 1.2 m on the leveled ridge surface to prevent water evaporation and loss. The interval between ridges is 40-50 cm; Step 2: Bulb Screening and Treatment Select disease-free and pest-free commercial Lanzhou lilies that have grown for 3-4 years and have been treated at low temperature 4-5 days before land preparation. If they are frozen lilies, they need to be slowly thawed under cool conditions at 10-15°C; if they are cellared lilies, they need to be air-dried indoors. After the commercial Lanzhou lilies are thawed or air-dried, completely immerse them in a solution containing 0.5-0.65 g / L of carbendazim, 0.4-0.5 g / L of zhongshengmycin, 0.15-0.2 g / L of thiamethoxam, 0.15-0.2 g / L of pyraclostrobin, and 0.2-0.25 ml / L of 24-epibrassinolide. After soaking for 30-40 minutes, take them out and invert them in a cool place to dry, making the scales soft; Step 3: Scaling and Selection for Propagation Remove the scales with poor quality or dry scales on the surface of the bulb of the commercial Lanzhou lily processed in Step 2. Start scaling from the second layer of scales, and prevent damage to the scale surface during scaling. Each scale should carry a part of the basal tissue. Stop scaling when the diameter of the remaining bulb core is close to 3 cm, so that the remaining bulb core can be used for bulb core propagation. During the scaling process, place and classify the 2-4 layers of scales (outer layer), 5-7 layers of scales (middle layer), and other internal scales (inner layer) separately; Step 4: Scale Treatment Evenly spread out the scales in Step 3 in a cool place, and evenly spray a 2.0-2.5 g / L rooting powder solution once with an electric sprayer, and wait until there is no liquid on the scale surface before collecting them into a plastic basket; Step 5: Scale Cuttage Uncover the plastic film on the well-prepared seedbed from one side. On the seedbed, make 16 - 18 cm transverse grooves with a groove distance of 15 cm, the groove depth is 7 - 8 cm, loosen the soil at the bottom of the groove, and place the scales after the treatment in step four along the row spacing of 7 - 8 cm. Place 4 rows in each groove, and the scale spacing within each row is 3.5 - 4.0 cm. When placing the scales, the base should face down and the tip should face up, and insert them straight into the soil in the groove. Avoid damaging and breaking the scales during insertion. After planting, cover with fine, soft and loose soil. During the cutting process, uncover the film as you plant, and do not uncover too much at once; Step Six: Disinfection Treatment of Wheat Straw In the evening of the day before planting, spread out the prepared wheat straw at the field edge, spray with a carbendazim solution of 0.5 - 0.65 g / L using a sprayer, turn over the wheat straw, and spray again to disinfect all the wheat straw; Step Seven: Covering Straw and Film to Keep Moisture and Increase Temperature After covering the soil for cutting, cover the seedbed with 3 - 4 cm thick disinfected wheat straw in step six, and then re - cover the plastic film on the seedbed. The covered straw should be smoothed out to prevent damage to the plastic film. Ensure that the plastic film is intact in the early stage without any damage. An intact plastic film can effectively keep moisture and increase temperature. Small bulbs the size of rice grains will appear on the scales 14 - 17 days after cutting, roots will grow out 25 - 30 days later, and the seedlings will emerge through the soil 50 - 55 days later; Step Eight: Opening Holes and Uncovering the Film 50 - 55 days after cutting, the newly - born small bulbs will emerge one after another. As the temperature rises, the soil temperature inside the film also rises. When the soil temperature inside the film exceeds 32℃, make holes at intervals on the plastic film with a hole distance of 1.5 m; add some holes every 2 - 3 days; when the top of the first batch of seedlings penetrates the wheat straw and is about to touch the plastic film, gradually uncover the plastic film in the evening within 2 - 3 days; The covered wheat straw can be removed or retained according to the weather conditions of that year in the later stage. Removing it is convenient for later top - dressing, and retaining it is beneficial for the growth of the seedlings in case of extremely dry weather in the later stage; Step Nine: Seedling - stage Management After the seedlings emerge, weeds should be removed in a timely manner. It is not advisable to deeply till and remove weeds. Spray foliar fertilizer once a month after uncovering the film. Spray an anti - senescence fertilizer of 1.0 - 1.2 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2.0 - 2.2 g / L urea once in mid - July. In the spring of the second year, open trenches for top - dressing between the transverse grooves of the cuttings on the seedbed. Apply 2500 - 3000 kg of farmyard manure or 350 - 4000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12 - 16 kg of urea, 60 - 65 kg of superphosphate, and 25 - 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu for top - dressing. The subsequent management is the same as that in the first year; Step Ten: Harvesting of Seed Bulbs Dig and grade the seed bulbs in mid - to late October of the second year or in late March of the third year. Seed bulbs above 20 g are used for commercial lily planting, and seed bulbs below 20 g are planted in the mother seed field.

[0009] This embodiment mainly aims at the problems of low temperature, drought and water shortage in cold and arid regions, which lead to easy rotting of field scale cuttings of Lilium davidii var. unicolor and low multiplication coefficient, as well as high input costs and labor requirements in greenhouses and plastic tunnels. It is a method for field scale cuttings of Lilium davidii var. unicolor suitable for cold and arid regions developed.

[0010] Through technologies such as optimizing bulb and scale treatment, and improving temperature and humidity by double covering with grass and film, high-quality seed bulbs of Lilium davidii var. unicolor can be directly cut and propagated in the field in cold and arid regions. With this method, the incidence of small bulbs can reach 95.0% - 98.7%, the multiplication coefficient can reach 6.8 - 7.0, and the emergence and growth conditions are equivalent to those in greenhouses and plastic tunnels. The effect of lily scale cuttings using the present invention is as Figure 1 shown. The effect of scale cuttings in greenhouse substrate after 20 days is as shown in the appendix Figure 2 shown. According to the comparison of the incidence of small bulblets and the average multiplication coefficient, the present method, greenhouse cuttings (substrate) and relevant reports (laboratory) were compared, and the results are shown in Table 1:[[]]END]] Table 1 Comparison of the present method with greenhouse cuttings and relevant reports .

Claims

1. A method for propagating Lanzhou lily scales in the field, characterized in that: The method is performed according to the following steps: Step 1: Preparing the breeding ground (1) Plowing and fertilizing: Select plots with non-lily crops as the previous crop. From late April to early May, when the soil moisture is 20%-30%, evenly spread 3,000-3,500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure or 500-560 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate, 10-15 kg of diamine, 1-1.2 kg of biphenyl / thiamethoxam, and 0.8-1.0 kg of carbendazim per mu, and deep plow the soil to a depth of 25-30 cm. (2) Land preparation and ridge making: After deep plowing, ridge making is carried out immediately. The ridge making position cannot be stepped on again. The ridge width is 90 cm and the ridge height is 10 cm. After the ridge surface is raked flat, it is immediately covered with a 0.015-0.02 mm thick and 1.2 m wide mulch to prevent water loss. The distance between ridges is 40-50 cm. Step 2: Bulb screening and processing 4-5 days before land preparation, select 3-4 year old commercial Lanzhou lilies that have been treated with low temperature and are free of diseases and insect pests. If they are frozen lilies, they need to be slowly thawed in a cool environment at 10-15℃; if they are cellared lilies, they need to be air-dried indoors; after thawing or drying, the commercial Lanzhou lilies should be completely immersed in a solution containing 0.5-0.65g / L carbendazim, 0.4-0.5g / L zhongshengmycin, 0.15-0.2g / L thiamethoxam, 0.15-0.2g / L pyraclostrobin and 0.2-0.25ml / L 24-epi-brassinolide, soak for 30-40 minutes, then fish out and turn them upside down in a cool place to dry to soften the scales; Step 3: Peeling and selecting breeding scales The scales of poor quality or dry surface of the commercial Lanzhou lily bulbs processed in step 2 are peeled off, and the peeling starts from the second layer of scales. When peeling, the scale surface is prevented from being crushed. Each scale carries part of the disc base tissue. After the scale core diameter is close to 3 cm, no more scales are peeled off so that the remaining scale core can be used for scale core reproduction. During the peeling process, the 2-4 layers of scales (outer layer), the 5-7 layers of scales (middle layer) and the other scales inside (inner layer) are placed and classified respectively; Step 4: Scale processing Spread the scales in step 3 evenly in a cool place, spray 2.0-2.5g / L rooting powder solution evenly with an electric sprayer, and collect them into a plastic basket when there is no liquid on the surface of the scales; Step 5: Scale cuttings Remove the mulch film of the prepared seedbed from one side, dig 16-18cm horizontal furrows on the seedbed with a furrow spacing of 15cm, and a furrow depth of 7-8cm. Loosen the soil at the bottom of the furrow, and place the scales treated in step 4 with a row spacing of 7-8cm. Place 4 rows in each furrow, and the distance between scales in each row is 3.5-4.0cm. When placing the scales, the base should face down and the top should face up, and the scales should be directly inserted into the soil in the furrow. Avoid damaging and breaking the scales during insertion. Cover with fine and soft soil after planting. During the cutting process, remove the film as you plant, and do not remove too much at one time; Step 6: Disinfection of wheat straw On the evening before planting, spread the prepared wheat straw on the field, spray it with 0.5-0.65g / L carbendazim solution using a sprayer, turn over the wheat straw, and spray it again to disinfect it completely. Step 7: Cover with grass to keep moisture and increase temperature After cutting and covering the soil, cover the seedbed with 3-4cm thick sterilized wheat straw in step 6, and cover the seedbed with mulch again. The mulch should be neatly covered to prevent damage to the mulch. In the early stage, the mulch must be intact and not damaged. The integrity of the mulch can effectively moisturize and raise the temperature. After 14-17 days of cutting, small bulbs the size of rice grains will appear on the scales, roots will grow after 25-30 days, and seedlings will emerge after 50-55 days. Step 8: Drilling holes and removing film 50-55 days after cutting, new bulblets emerge one after another. As the temperature rises, the temperature inside the film also rises. When the temperature inside the film exceeds 32℃, holes are made on the film at intervals of 1.5m. More holes are made every 2-3 days. When the tops of the first batch of seedlings penetrate the wheat straw and are about to touch the film, the film is gradually uncovered in the evening within 2-3 days. The covering wheat straw can be removed or retained according to the weather conditions in the later year. Removing it is convenient for topdressing in the later period, while retaining it is conducive to the growth of seedlings in the later period of extreme drought weather. Step 9: Seedling Management After the seedlings emerge, weeds should be removed in time. Deep tillage and weeding should not be done. Foliar fertilizer should be sprayed once a month after the film is removed. Anti-decay fertilizer 1.0-1.2g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2.0-2.2g / L urea should be sprayed once in mid-July. In the spring of the second year, dig trenches between the horizontal trenches of the seedlings in the seedbed for topdressing. 2500-3000 kg of farmyard manure or 350-4000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 12-16 kg of urea, 60-65 kg of superphosphate, and 25-30 kg of potassium sulfate should be applied per mu. Subsequent management is the same as the first year. Step 10: Harvesting bulbs The bulbs are dug up and graded in mid-to-late October of the second year or late March of the third year. Bulbs weighing more than 20g are planted for commercial lily cultivation, while bulbs weighing less than 20g are planted into mother seed fields.

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