Cultivation method of eucheuma

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method of eucheuma, and relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation. The cultivation method of the eucheuma comprises the following steps: firstly, treating eucheuma strains by adopting the combination of low-temperature stimulation and activation liquid, and then inoculating the treated strains into a cultivation material containing fermented flaxseed meal and bentonite for fruiting cultivation. By treating the strain and optimizing the cultivation material, the problems of poor fruiting quality, low biological conversion rate, irregular fruiting and excessive heavy metal content are solved, the biological conversion rate of the eucheuma can be increased to 90% or above, the proportion of malformed mushrooms is reduced, the absorption efficiency of sporocarp to heavy metal is reduced, and the yield of the eucheuma is increased. The yield and the quality of the eucheuma are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Pleurotus tuber-regium Background Art

[0002] Pleurotus tuber-regium is a new variety of edible mushroom cultivated by biotechnology hybridization of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus eryngii. It has tender flesh, delicious taste, rich nutritional value and medicinal and health care functions. The cultivation raw materials of Pleurotus tuber-regium are widely sourced. General sawdust, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran, elephant grass, Miscanthus sinensis, Neyraudia reynaudiana, bagasse, etc. can all be used as its cultivation raw materials. Moreover, the fruiting bodies are large and the yield is high. Generally, mushrooms can still grow in April and May, so fresh Pleurotus tuber-regium can be supplied to the market in the medium-temperature season, filling the gap in the supply of fresh mushrooms in the market. At present, the biological conversion rate of Pleurotus tuber-regium cultivation is 60%-80%. Among them, the biological conversion rate of the first flush of mushrooms is 40-60%, and the biological conversion rate of the second flush of mushrooms is 20-25%. The conversion rate still needs to be further improved. At the same time, since most growers use multi-generation strains, the strains are severely aged, resulting in a high probability of deformed mushrooms, many tumor-like protrusions on the mushroom surface, poor mushroom quality, and uneven fruiting. In addition, affected by the cultivation raw materials, there is also the problem that the heavy metal content of the fruiting bodies does not meet the requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a cultivation method of Pleurotus tuber-regium, which solves the problems of poor mushroom quality, insufficient biological conversion rate, uneven fruiting and excessive heavy metal content. It can not only increase the biological conversion rate of Pleurotus tuber-regium to more than 90%, but also reduce the proportion of deformed mushrooms, reduce the absorption efficiency of heavy metals by the fruiting bodies, and improve the yield and quality of Pleurotus tuber-regium. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0004] A cultivation method of Pleurotus tuber-regium includes the following steps:

[0005] (1) Strain treatment: Inoculate the Pleurotus tuber-regium strain on a PDA medium, first culture it at 20-25°C until the colony completely covers the entire surface of the medium, then stimulate it at 2-5°C for 1-2 h at low temperature, then transfer it back to 20-25°C and continue to culture for 3-5 h. Finally, inoculate the vigorously growing thick white mycelium on a PDA medium containing an activation solution. After the mycelium fills the medium, obtain the treated strain for standby;

[0006] (2) Preparation of cultivation bag materials: Prepare the cultivation bag materials according to the formula, bag them, sterilize them at normal pressure, and cool them to below 28°C for standby;

[0007] The formula of the cultivation bag materials is as follows: sawdust 20-40%, cottonseed hulls 35-50%, wheat bran 15-20%, fermented linseed meal 5-8%, bentonite 1-4%, gypsum 1-3% and lime 0.5-1.5%;

[0008] (3) Inoculation and mycelium culture: Inoculate the treated strain obtained in step (1) into the cultivation bag material in step (2), and perform dark culture at 20 - 25 °C until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0009] (4) Mushroom fruiting management: After 8 - 10 days when the mycelium fills the bag, make mushroom - fruiting openings on the cultivation bag. During the mushroom - fruiting period, control the relative air humidity at 85% - 95%, the temperature at 15 - 20 °C, avoid direct strong light, and control the light intensity at 200 - 250 lx.

[0010] (5) Harvesting and subsequent management: After harvesting, keep the temperature and humidity of the mushroom bag for 8 - 10 days, and increase ventilation to make the air fresh to promote the growth of the second - flush mushrooms.

[0011] Preferably, in step (1), the formula of the PDA medium is: 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar, and 1000 mL of water. The medium is sterilized at a high temperature of 110 - 120 °C for 20 - 30 min before inoculation.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the addition amount of the activation liquid is 20 - 40 g / L.

[0013] Preferably, in step (1), the preparation method of the activation liquid is: Mix sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and bagasse, crush them, and adjust the water content to 70 - 80%. Sterilize at a high temperature, cool, inoculate with Lentinula edodes strain. When the mycelium just begins to cover the material, take the material and extract it in warm water for 3 - 5 h, then filter and take the filtrate as the activation liquid.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of the sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and bagasse is 1:(1 - 1.5):(0.3 - 0.6).

[0015] Preferably, the weight ratio of the material to water is 1:(4 - 7).

[0016] Preferably, the temperature of the warm water is 30 - 40 °C.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the preparation method of the fermented linseed meal is: Add Aspergillus niger accounting for 1 - 2% of the weight of the linseed meal and Lactobacillus accounting for 0.2 - 0.5% of the weight of the linseed meal to the linseed meal, and ferment at 35 - 38 °C for 10 - 12 h to obtain it.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the specification of the cultivation bag is 12.5 cm × 58 cm, and each bag contains 600 - 700 g of dry material.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), the normal - pressure sterilization is carried out at 100 °C for 35 - 40 h.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] 1. By treating the strains and optimizing the cultivation materials, the present invention solves the problems of poor mushroom quality, low biological conversion rate, uneven mushroom fruiting, and excessive heavy metal content. It can not only increase the biological conversion rate of Pleurotus tuber-regium to over 90%, but also reduce the proportion of deformed mushrooms, lower the absorption efficiency of heavy metals by the fruiting bodies, improve the yield and quality of Pleurotus tuber-regium, and thus enhance the commerciality of Pleurotus tuber-regium.

[0022] 2. The strain treatment of the present invention adopts a combination of low-temperature stimulation and activation liquid. Low-temperature stimulation (stimulating for 1 - 2 h at 2 - 5°C) can eliminate the aged and degenerated parts of the strains, and the remaining parts will have a stress response under low-temperature stimulation, further improving the performance of the strains. After the low-temperature stimulation ends, the selected strains are placed in a PDA medium containing the activation liquid. The activation liquid is an extract of sawdust, cottonseed hulls, and sugarcane bagasse decomposed by Lentinula edodes mycelium. This extract contains monosaccharides, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and growth factors, which can stimulate the growth of hyphae and improve the vitality of the strains. Therefore, using the treated strains to inoculate the cultivation materials, the hyphae grow faster in the cultivation materials, the time to fill the bags is shorter, the mushroom fruiting is more uniform, and the conversion rate is increased.

[0023] 3. The fermented linseed meal and bentonite in the cultivation bag materials of the present invention can passivate the heavy metals in the cultivation materials, reduce the heavy metal activity, and thus lower the absorption rate of heavy metals by the fruiting bodies. Among them, the linseed meal is fermented by Aspergillus niger and Lactobacillus, producing a large amount of amino acids and proteins containing functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which can chelate heavy metals and reduce their activity. Bentonite has a large specific surface area and negative charge, which can adsorb heavy metal ions and, together with the fermented linseed meal, limits the accumulation of heavy metals in the fruiting bodies. At the same time, the fermented linseed meal can also provide nutrients for the mycelium, promote the rapid formation of the dominant Pleurotus tuber-regium mycelium, reduce the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria, and is more conducive to the improvement of the biological conversion rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the mushroom fruiting situation in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] The following will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A cultivation method for Pleurotus tuber-regium, comprising the following steps:

[0029] (1) Strain treatment: Inoculate the Pleurotus tuber-regium strain in PDA medium, first culture it at 20 °C until the colony completely covers the entire surface of the medium, then stimulate it at 2 °C for 1 h, then transfer it back to 20 °C and continue to culture for 3 h. Finally, inoculate the vigorously growing thick white mycelium in PDA medium containing 20 g / L of activation solution. After the mycelium fills the medium, obtain the treated strain for standby.

[0030] The formula of PDA medium is: 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar and 1000 mL of water. The medium is autoclaved at 110 °C for 20 min before inoculation.

[0031] The preparation method of the activation solution is: Mix and crush sawdust, cottonseed hulls and bagasse with a weight ratio of 1:1:0.3, adjust the water content to 70%, sterilize at high temperature, cool, inoculate with Lentinula edodes strain. When the mycelium just begins to cover the material, take the material and extract it in warm water at 30 °C for 3 h. The weight ratio of the material to water is 1:4, filter, and take the filtrate, which is the activation solution.

[0032] (2) Preparation of cultivation bag materials: Prepare the cultivation bag materials according to the formula, bag them. The specification of the cultivation bag is 12.5 cm × 58 cm, and each bag contains 600 g of dry materials. Sterilize at normal pressure (maintain at 100 °C for 35 h), cool to below 28 °C for standby.

[0033] The formula of the cultivation bag materials is: 40% of sawdust, 37.5% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of bran, 5% of fermented linseed meal, 1% of bentonite, 1% of gypsum and 0.5% of lime;

[0034] Among them, the preparation method of the fermented linseed meal is: Add 1% of Aspergillus niger (CGMCC 15672) and 0.2% of Lactobacillus (CGMCC 19309) based on the weight of the linseed meal to the linseed meal, and ferment at 35 °C for 10 h to obtain it.

[0035] (3) Inoculation and mycelium culture: Inoculate the treated strain prepared in step (1) into the cultivation bag materials in step (2), and culture it in the dark at 20 °C until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0036] (4) Mushroom fruiting management: 10 days after the mycelium fills the bag, make mushroom fruiting openings on the cultivation bag. During the mushroom fruiting period, control the relative air humidity at 85%, the temperature at 15 °C, avoid direct strong light, and control the light intensity at 200 lx.

[0037] (5) Harvesting and subsequent management: Keep the temperature and humidity of the mushroom bag for 10 days after harvesting, and increase ventilation to make the air fresh to promote the growth of the second flush of mushrooms.

[0038] The mushroom fruiting situation of the first flush of mushrooms in this example is shown in Figure 1 ,Figure 1 Show high mushroom consistency.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A cultivation method of Pleurotus giganteus, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Strain treatment: Inoculate the Pleurotus giganteus strain in PDA medium, first cultivate at 25 °C until the colony completely covers the entire surface of the medium, then stimulate at low temperature of 5 °C for 2 h, then transfer back to 25 °C and continue to cultivate for 5 h. Finally, inoculate the vigorously growing thick white mycelium in PDA medium containing 40 g / L activation solution. After the mycelium fills the medium, obtain the treated strain for standby.

[0042] The PDA medium formula is: 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar and 1000 mL of water. The medium is sterilized at high temperature of 120 °C for 30 min before inoculation.

[0043] The preparation method of the activation solution is: Mix sawdust, cottonseed hulls and bagasse with a weight ratio of 1:1.5:0.6, crush them, adjust the water content to 80%, sterilize at high temperature, cool, inoculate with Lentinula edodes strain. When the mycelium just begins to cover the material, take the material and extract it in warm water at 40 °C for 5 h. The weight ratio of the material to water is 1:7. Filter and take the filtrate, which is the activation solution.

[0044] (2) Preparation of cultivation bag materials: Prepare cultivation bag materials according to the formula, bag them. The cultivation bag specification is 12.5 cm × 58 cm, and each bag contains 700 g of dry materials. Sterilize at normal pressure (maintain at 100 °C for 40 h), cool to below 28 °C for standby.

[0045] The cultivation bag material formula is: 30% sawdust, 35% cottonseed hulls, 18.5% wheat bran, 8% fermented flaxseed meal, 4% bentonite, 3% gypsum and 1.5% lime;

[0046] Among them, the preparation method of the fermented flaxseed meal is: Add 2% Aspergillus niger (CGMCC 15672) and 0.5% Lactobacillus (CGMCC 19309) based on the weight of flaxseed meal to the flaxseed meal, and ferment at 38 °C for 12 h to obtain it.

[0047] (3) Inoculation and mycelium cultivation: Inoculate the treated strain prepared in step (1) into the cultivation bag materials in step (2), and cultivate in the dark at 25 °C until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0048] (4) Mushroom fruiting management: 8 days after the mycelium fills the bag, make mushroom openings on the cultivation bag. During the mushroom fruiting period, control the relative air humidity at 95%, the temperature at 20 °C, avoid direct strong light, and control the light intensity at 250 lx.

[0049] (5) Harvesting and subsequent management: After harvesting, keep the fungus bags warm and humid for 8 days, and increase ventilation to make the air fresh to promote the growth of the second flush of mushrooms.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A cultivation method of Pleurotus giganteus, comprising the following steps:

[0052] (1) Strain treatment: Inoculate the Pleurotus giganteus strain in a PDA medium, first culture it at 22 °C until the colony completely covers the entire surface of the medium, then stimulate it at 4 °C for 1.5 h, then transfer it back to 22 °C and continue to culture for 4 h. Finally, inoculate the vigorously growing thick white mycelium in a PDA medium containing 30 g / L of an activation solution. After the mycelium fills the medium, obtain the treated strain for standby.

[0053] The PDA medium formula is: 200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 20 g of agar and 1000 mL of water. The medium is sterilized at 110 °C for 30 min before inoculation.

[0054] The preparation method of the activation solution is: Mix sawdust, cottonseed hulls and bagasse with a weight ratio of 1:1.2:0.4, crush them, adjust the water content to 75%, sterilize at high temperature, cool, inoculate with Lentinula edodes strain. When the mycelium just begins to fill the material, take the material and extract it in warm water at 35 °C for 4 h. The weight ratio of the material to water is 1:6, filter, and take the filtrate, which is the activation solution.

[0055] (2) Preparation of cultivation bag materials: Prepare the cultivation bag materials according to the formula, bag them. The cultivation bag specification is 12.5 cm × 58 cm, and each bag contains 650 g of dry materials. Sterilize at normal pressure (maintain at 100 °C for 35 h), cool to below 28 °C for standby.

[0056] The cultivation bag material formula is: 20% sawdust, 50% cottonseed hulls, 19% wheat bran, 6% fermented linseed meal, 2% bentonite, 2% gypsum and 1% lime;

[0057] Among them, the preparation method of the fermented linseed meal is: Add 1.5% Aspergillus niger (CGMCC 15672) and 0.3% Lactobacillus (CGMCC 19309) based on the weight of the linseed meal to the linseed meal, and ferment at 37 °C for 11 h to obtain it.

[0058] (3) Inoculation and mycelium culture: Inoculate the treated strain prepared in step (1) into the cultivation bag materials in step (2), and culture it in the dark at 22 °C until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0059] (4) Mushroom fruiting management: 9 days after the mycelium fills the bag, make mushroom openings on the cultivation bags. During the mushroom fruiting period, control the relative air humidity at 90%, the temperature at 18 °C, avoid direct strong light, and control the light intensity at 230 lx.

[0060] (5) Harvesting and subsequent management: After harvesting, keep the fungus bags warm and moist for 9 days, and increase ventilation to keep the air fresh to promote the growth of the second flush of mushrooms.

[0061] Comparative Example 1: Without step (1), that is, without treating the strains, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0062] Comparative Example 2: In step (2), the formula of the cultivation substrate is: sawdust 40%, cottonseed hulls 40.5%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1% and lime 0.5%. That is, it does not contain fermented linseed meal and bentonite.

[0063] Comparative Example 3: Cultivation is carried out by the conventional method, that is, without treating the strains, and the cultivation substrate also does not contain fermented linseed meal and bentonite. The specific cultivation method is as follows:

[0064] (1) Preparation of the cultivation substrate: Prepare the cultivation substrate according to the formula, bag it, the specification of the cultivation bag is 12.5 cm × 58 cm, each bag contains 600 g of dry material, sterilize at normal pressure (maintain at 100 °C for 35 h), and cool to below 28 °C for standby.

[0065] The formula of the cultivation substrate is: sawdust 40%, cottonseed hulls 40.5%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1% and lime 0.5%.

[0066] (2) Inoculation and mycelium cultivation: Inoculate the strains into the cultivation substrate and incubate in the dark at 20 °C until the mycelium fills the bag.

[0067] (3) Mushroom emergence management: 10 days after the mycelium fills the bag, cut mushroom openings on the cultivation bags. During the mushroom emergence period, control the relative air humidity at 85%, the temperature at 15 °C, avoid direct strong light, and control the light intensity at 200 lx.

[0068] (4) Harvesting and subsequent management: After harvesting, keep the fungus bags warm and moist for 10 days, and increase ventilation to keep the air fresh to promote the growth of the second flush of mushrooms.

[0069] Comparative Example 4: In step (1), no low-temperature stimulation is carried out, and only the activation solution is used for treatment, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0070] Comparative Example 5: In step (1), no activation solution is used for treatment, and only low-temperature stimulation is carried out, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] The above examples and comparative examples all use the same batch of strains for the experiment.

[0072] Count the number of days for the mycelium to fill the bags during the cultivation process of Pleurotus tuber-regium in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and evaluate the mycelium in the cultivation bags. The results are shown in Table 1:

[0073] Comparison of mycelial growth in each group in Table 1

[0074] Group Full bag days (days) Mycelium evaluation Example 1 21 The mycelium is white, dense and robust Example 2 19 The mycelium is white, dense and robust Example 3 20 The mycelium is white, dense and robust Comparative Example 1 28 The mycelium is darker, uneven in density and thin Comparative Example 2 23 The mycelium is white, dense and robust Comparative Example 3 30 The mycelium is darker, uneven in density and thin Comparative Example 4 24 The mycelium is white, dense and thin Comparative Example 5 25 The mycelium is white, dense and thin

[0075] Conclusion: By treating the strains in the way of combining low-temperature stimulation and activation liquid, the present invention can improve the growth rate of mycelia in the cultivation material. The full-bag time can be shortened to 19 - 21 days, which is 9 - 11 days faster than the conventional method (Comparative Example 3), thus improving the cultivation efficiency. From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that in addition to the treatment of strains having an impact on the full-bag time, the fermented linseed meal and bentonite in the cultivation bag material also have a certain promoting effect on the growth of mycelia. From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4 and 5, it can be seen that the combination of low-temperature stimulation and activation liquid can make the strain vitality better. At the same time, the mycelia of the treated strains are white, dense, and robust, with high mycelial vitality, laying a foundation for improving the quality of fruiting bodies in the later stage.

[0076] Statistically analyze the proportion of the mass of deformed mushrooms in the first flush of Pleurotus tuber-regium in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5, and the proportion of the mass of deformed mushrooms in the second flush. Among them, the proportion of the mass of deformed mushrooms in the first flush is as follows: 50 Pleurotus tuber-regium in the first flush are randomly selected from each group, the deformed mushrooms are selected, their masses are weighed, and the proportion of their masses in the total mass is calculated. Those with abnormal umbrella caps, stipes, colors, and textures are all classified as deformed mushrooms. The proportion of the mass of deformed mushrooms in the second flush is calculated in the same way, and the morphology and color of the first flush are evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2:

[0077] Table 2 Comparison of fruiting body quality in each group

[0078]

[0079] Conclusion: By treating the strains in the way of combining low-temperature stimulation and activation liquid, the present invention can reduce the proportion of deformed mushrooms to less than 2%, and the mushroom shape is complete without defects, the mushroom flesh is thick, the color is uniform, and the quality is high, which is superior to the Pleurotus tuber-regium obtained by cultivating conventional strains (Comparative Example 3).

[0080] Statistically analyze the average fruiting body yield per bag and biological conversion rate of the first flush of Pleurotus tuber-regium in Examples 1 - 3 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5, and the average fruiting body yield per bag and biological conversion rate of the second flush. The results are shown in Table 3:

[0081] Table 3 Comparison of fruiting body yield and biological conversion rate in each group

[0082]

[0083] Conclusion: By treating the strains in the way of combining low-temperature stimulation and activation liquid, the present invention can increase the biological conversion rate to more than 90%, which is superior to the Pleurotus tuber-regium obtained by cultivating conventional strains (Comparative Example 3, with a biological conversion rate of 80%).

[0084] Detect the contents of four heavy metals, namely arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium, in the first flush of Pleurotus tuber-regium in Test Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1, 4, and 5. The test results show that in each test example and Comparative Example 1: arsenic < 0.1 mg / kg (detected according to the method of GB / T 5009.11), mercury < 0.01 mg / kg (detected according to the method of GB / T 5009.17), lead is 0.12 mg / kg (detected according to the method of GB / T 5009.12), and cadmium < 0.1 mg / kg (detected according to the method of GB / T 5009.15), meeting the requirements of the food hygiene standard GB7096.

[0085] Detect the contents of four heavy metals, namely arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium, in the first flush of Pleurotus tuber-regium in Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3. The test results show that: cadmium is 0.24 mg / kg (detected according to the method of GB / T 5009.15), not meeting the requirements of the food hygiene standard GB7096.

[0086] In summary, by treating the strains and optimizing the cultivation materials, the present invention solves the problems of poor mushroom quality, low biological conversion rate, uneven mushroom emergence, and excessive heavy metal content. It can increase the biological conversion rate of Pleurotus tuber-regium to over 90%, reduce the proportion of deformed mushrooms, lower the absorption efficiency of heavy metals by fruiting bodies, and improve the yield and quality of Pleurotus tuber-regium.

[0087] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for purposes of illustration and exemplification. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different selections and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating unicorn mushrooms, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Strain treatment: Inoculate the euryale mushroom strain into a PDA medium, first culture at 20-25°C until the colonies completely cover the entire surface of the medium, then stimulate at low temperature at 2-5°C for 1-2 hours, then return to 20-25°C and continue to culture for 3-5 hours, and finally take the vigorously growing thick white hyphae and inoculate them into a PDA medium containing an activation solution. After the hyphae are fully grown, the strain is processed and set aside; (2) Preparation of cultivation bag materials: preparing cultivation bag materials according to the formula, bagging, sterilizing under normal pressure, cooling, and setting aside; The formula of the cultivation bag material is: 20-40% sawdust, 35-50% cottonseed hulls, 15-20% bran, 5-8% fermented flaxseed meal, 1-4% bentonite, 1-3% gypsum and 0.5-1.5% lime; (3) Inoculation and mycelium cultivation: inoculate the treated bacteria prepared in step (1) into the cultivation bag material in step (2), and cultivate in the dark at 20-25° C. until the mycelium fills the bag; (4) Fruiting management: After the mycelium fills the bag for 8-10 days, a mushroom opening is made on the cultivation bag. During the fruiting period, the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 85%-95%, the temperature is 15-20°C, and direct sunlight is avoided; (5) Harvesting and subsequent management: After harvesting, the bags should be kept warm and moist for 8-10 days, and ventilation should be increased to make the air fresh to promote the growth of the second wave of mushrooms.

2. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the PDA culture medium formula is: 200g potato, 20g glucose, 20g agar and 1000mL water, and the culture medium is sterilized at high temperature at 110-120°C for 20-30min before inoculation.

3. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the activation solution is added in an amount of 20-40 g / L.

4. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the preparation method of the activation liquid is as follows: sawdust, cottonseed hulls and bagasse are mixed and crushed and the water content is adjusted to 70-80%, sterilized at high temperature, cooled, inoculated with shiitake mushroom strains, and when the mycelium just begins to grow all over the material, the material is soaked in warm water for 3-5 hours, filtered, and the filtrate is taken as the activation liquid.

5. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the wood chips, cottonseed hulls and bagasse is 1:(1-1.5):(0.3-0.6).

6. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 4, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the material to water is 1:(4-7).

7. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature of the warm water is 30-40°C.

8. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the preparation method of the fermented flaxseed meal is as follows: adding 1-2% of Aspergillus niger and 0.2-0.5% of lactic acid bacteria to the flaxseed meal, and fermenting at 35-38° C. for 10-12 hours to obtain the fermented flaxseed meal.

9. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the size of the cultivation bag is 12.5 cm×58 cm, and each bag contains 600-700 g of dry material.

10. The method for cultivating unicorn mushroom according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the normal pressure sterilization is maintained at 100° C. for 35-40 hours.

Images