Seedling raising substrate capable of improving low temperature resistance of rice and preparation process of seedling raising substrate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and discloses a seedling raising substrate for improving low temperature resistance of rice and a preparation process thereof. The seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 40 parts of corncob activated carbon combined root exudates, 15 to 20 parts of vermiculite-vesuvianite-coco coir composite particles, 20 to 25 parts of water hyacinth-fruit juice production residue fermentation raw materials, 10 to 15 parts of coarse shell powder, 5 to 10 parts of cold-resistant regulating nutritional agents, 0.03 to 0.08 part of nano-zinc oxide and 0.5 to 1 part of seaweed extracts. The fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.2 part of a cortex magnoliae officinalis root bark extract, 0.2-0.4 part of a cold-resistant lodging-resistant biological agent, 1-1.5 parts of slow-release monopotassium phosphate and 10-20 parts of a bentonite binder. According to the seedling raising substrate, by adding the cold-resistant regulator and optimizing the component proportion, the germination rate and the growth capacity of rice under the low-temperature condition are remarkably improved. Agricultural wastes are used as raw materials, so that cyclic utilization of resources is realized, and environmental pollution is reduced. The seedling raising substrate has good water-retaining property and biological stability, and is beneficial to cultivation of strong seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a seedling-raising substrate for improving the low-temperature resistance of rice and its preparation process. Background Art

[0002] As an important food crop, rice is often affected by low-temperature stress during production in temperate and high-altitude regions. Especially in the production of early rice, low-temperature chilling damage will lead to a reduction in rice yield. Most of the existing rice seedling-raising substrates are mainly composed of nutrient soil. Although raw materials such as peat and vermiculite are added, they cannot effectively alleviate the adverse effects of cold stress on rice seedling raising. Therefore, developing a seedling-raising substrate that can improve the low-temperature resistance of rice is of great significance for ensuring food production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Object of the Invention: The object of the present invention is to provide a seedling-raising substrate for improving the low-temperature resistance of rice and its preparation method, so as to solve the problem that the current seedling-raising nutrient soil cannot effectively alleviate the adverse effects of cold stress on rice seedling raising.

[0004] Technical Solution: A seedling-raising substrate for improving the low-temperature resistance of rice contains the following components and parts by weight: 30 - 40 parts of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates, 15 - 20 parts of vermiculite-volcanic rock-coconut coir composite particles, 20 - 25 parts of water hyacinth-fruit juice production residue fermentation raw materials, 10 - 15 parts of coarse shell powder, 5 - 10 parts of cold-resistant regulating nutrient agent, 0.03 - 0.08 parts of nano-zinc oxide, 0.5 - 1 part of seaweed extract, 0.1 - 0.2 part of magnolia officinalis root bark extract, 0.2 - 0.4 part of cold-resistant and lodging-resistant biological agent, 1 - 1.5 parts of slow-release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 - 20 parts of bentonite binder; The preparation method of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates is as follows: crush the corn cob into particles, carbonize at 500 - 650°C with an oxygen concentration limit of 2% - 4%, impregnate with an aqueous solution of a mixture of citric acid with a weight of 1 - 2% of the weight of the corn cob activated carbon and malic acid with a weight of 1% of the weight of the corn cob activated carbon for 8 h, and then dry at 80°C to obtain it, with a mixed acid loading amount ≥ 5 mg / g; The cold-resistant regulating nutrient agent is a compound of proline fermentation residue, trehalose extract residue, and gibberellin fermentation residue, with a weight ratio of proline fermentation residue:trehalose extract residue:gibberellin fermentation residue = 1:2:1; The cold-resistant and lodging-resistant biological agent is a composite biological agent containing coronatine, indoleacetic acid, and potassium humate, with a mass ratio of coronatine:indoleacetic acid:potassium humate = 2:1:1.

[0005] Preferably, the preparation method of vermiculite-volcanic rock-coconut coir composite particles is as follows: mix vermiculite:volcanic rock:coconut coir in a weight ratio of 1:2:2, crush them, and then granulate through an extrusion granulator to obtain particles with a particle size of 0.3 - 0.5 cm.

[0006] Preferably, the preparation method of the water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material is as follows: The water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material includes 50-60 parts by weight of fresh water hyacinths and 20-30 parts by weight of juice production residues; the fresh water hyacinths are crushed into 1-cm segments, mixed with the juice residues, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%, the mixture is mixed with EM bacterial agent in a mass ratio of 1000:1, the stacking height is 1-1.5 m, the C / N ratio is controlled at 25-30, maintained at 55-65 °C for the first 10 days, turned over daily, and the temperature is lowered to below 50 °C in the later stage, turned over once every 3 days, the total fermentation period is 40-50 days, the pH of the fermentation product is adjusted to 5-5.5, and after drying, it is crushed to less than 0.5 cm to obtain the product.

[0007] Preferably, the seaweed extract is an Ascophyllum nodosum extract.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the Magnolia officinalis root bark extract is as follows: The Magnolia officinalis root bark is crushed, added to ethanol with a volume 5 times the weight of the Magnolia officinalis root bark, and ultrasonically extracted for 6 h, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 45 °C to obtain the product.

[0009] A preparation method of a seedling-raising substrate for improving the low-temperature resistance of rice includes the following preparation steps: S1. Mix the water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material with a cold-resistant regulating nutrient agent, nano-zinc oxide, seaweed extract, cold-resistant lodging-resistant biological agent, slow-release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and Magnolia officinalis root bark extract, and add a binder to improve the structural stability to obtain mixture 1; S2. Mix the corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates, vermiculite-volcanic rock-coconut coir composite particles, and coarse shell powder evenly, and then mix them evenly with mixture 1 obtained in step S1 to obtain mixture 2; S3. After the mixture 2 is packaged, it is irradiated with ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 253.7 nm for 30 min for sterilization treatment, and the bulk density is controlled to be ≤0.5 g / cm³, and the EC value is 20-30 mmol / 100 g.

[0010] Preferably, the mixtures in steps S1 and S2 are mixed using a horizontal screw ribbon mixer.

[0011] Beneficial effects: 1. By adding a cold-resistant regulating nutrient agent and a cold-resistant lodging-resistant biological agent and optimizing the component ratio, the seedling-raising substrate of the present invention significantly improves the germination rate and growth ability of rice under low-temperature conditions, realizes the recycling of resources, and reduces environmental pollution; 2. By using the water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material, water body cleaning and resource recycling are realized, and environmental pollution is reduced; 3. The seedling-raising substrate has good air permeability and biological stability, which is beneficial to cultivating strong seedlings with well-developed roots and strong knotting ability. 4. The application of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates can improve the rhizosphere environment and promote root growth at the same time; 5. The application of Magnolia officinalis root bark extract can reduce the incidence of damping-off. Description of the Drawings

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the effects of the substrate in Example 1 and the commercially available peat substrate on root development; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram for comparing the effects of the substrate in Example 1 and the commercially available peat substrate on the low-temperature tolerance growth of rice. Detailed Embodiments

[0013] To make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0014] Example 1: Raw material preparation: Corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates: The corn cob is crushed into particles, carbonized at 500 - 650°C with an oxygen concentration limit of 2% - 4%, impregnated with an aqueous solution of a mixture of citric acid with a weight of 1% - 2% of the weight of the corn cob activated carbon and malic acid with a weight of 1% of the weight of the corn cob activated carbon for 8 h, taken out and dried at 80°C to obtain it, and the mixed acid loading amount ≥ 5 mg / g; Vermiculite - pumice - coconut coir composite particles: Vermiculite:pumice:coconut coir are mixed and crushed according to a weight ratio of 1:2:2, and granulated with a 5% polyvinyl alcohol solution by weight of the vermiculite - pumice - coconut coir mixture as a binder, with a particle size of 0.3 - 0.5 cm; Water hyacinth - fruit juice production residue fermentation raw material: The water hyacinth - fruit juice production residue fermentation raw material includes 50 - 60 parts by weight of fresh water hyacinth and 20 - 30 parts by weight of fruit juice production residue; The fresh water hyacinth is crushed into 1 cm segments, mixed with the fruit juice residue, the moisture content is adjusted to 60% - 65%, the mixture is mixed with EM bacterial agent according to a mass ratio of 1000:1, the stacking height is 1 - 1.5 m, the C / N ratio is controlled at 25 - 30, maintained at 55 - 65°C for the first 10 days, turned over daily, and the temperature is lowered to below 50°C in the later stage, turned over every 3 days, the total fermentation period is 40 - 50 days, the pH of the fermentation product is adjusted to 5 - 5.5, and dried and crushed to below 0.5 cm to obtain it; Magnolia officinalis root bark extract: The Magnolia officinalis root bark is crushed, added to ethanol with a volume 5 times the weight of the Magnolia officinalis root bark, ultrasonically extracted for 6 h, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 45°C to obtain it; Cold tolerance regulating nutrient: The proline fermentation waste residue, trehalose extract waste residue, and gibberellin fermentation waste residue are compounded according to a weight ratio of proline fermentation waste residue:trehalose extract waste residue:gibberellin fermentation waste residue = 1:2:1; Cold-resistant and lodging-resistant biological agent: Coronatine, indoleacetic acid, and potassium fulvate are mixed at a mass ratio of coronatine:indoleacetic acid:potassium fulvate = 2:1:1.

[0015] Preparation process: Mix 200 g of water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material with 50 g of cold-resistant regulating nutrient agent, 0.3 g of nano-zinc oxide, 5 g of Ascophyllum nodosum extract, 2 g of cold-resistant and lodging-resistant biological agent, 10 g of slow-release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1 g of Magnolia officinalis root bark extract. Add 100 g of bentonite binder to improve the structural stability to obtain mixture 1; Mix 300 g of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates, 150 g of vermiculite-volcanic rock-coconut coir composite particles, and 100 g of coarse shell powder evenly, and then mix them evenly with mixture 1 to obtain mixture 2; After the mixture 2 is packaged, it is sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation at a wavelength of 253.7 nm for 30 min, and the bulk density is controlled ≤ 0.5 g / cm³, and the EC value is 20 - 30 mmol / 100 g.

[0016] Example 2: Raw material preparation: The same as in Example 1.

[0017] Preparation process: Mix 225 g of water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material with 75 g of cold-resistant regulating nutrient agent, 0.5 g of nano-zinc oxide, 7.5 g of Ascophyllum nodosum extract, 3 g of cold-resistant and lodging-resistant biological agent, 13 g of slow-release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1.5 g of Magnolia officinalis root bark extract. Add 150 g of bentonite binder to improve the structural stability to obtain mixture 1; Mix 350 g of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates, 170 g of vermiculite-volcanic rock-coconut coir composite particles, and 125 g of coarse shell powder evenly, and then mix them evenly with mixture 1 to obtain mixture 2; After the mixture 2 is packaged, it is sterilized by ultraviolet irradiation at a wavelength of 253.7 nm for 30 min, and the bulk density is controlled ≤ 0.5 g / cm³, and the EC value is 20 - 30 mmol / 100 g.

[0018] Example 3: Raw material preparation: The same as in Example 1.

[0019] Preparation process: Mix 250 g of water hyacinth - fruit juice production residue fermentation raw material with 100 g of cold - resistant regulating nutrient agent, 0.8 g of nano - zinc oxide, 10 g of Ascophyllum nodosum extract, 4 g of cold - resistant and lodging - resistant biological agent, 15 g of slow - release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 2 g of Magnolia officinalis root bark extract. Add 200 g of bentonite binder to improve the structural stability to obtain mixture 1; After mixing 400 g of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates, 200 g of vermiculite - volcanic rock - coconut coir composite particles, and 150 g of coarse shell powder evenly, mix them with mixture 1 evenly to obtain mixture 2; After the mixture 2 is packaged, irradiate it with ultraviolet light of wavelength 253.7 nm for 30 min for sterilization treatment, and control the bulk density ≤ 0.5 g / cm³ and the EC value at 20 - 30 mmol / 100 g.

[0020] Comparative Example 1: The same as Example 1, the difference is that in the cold - resistant regulating nutrient agent, the ratio of proline fermentation waste residue: trehalose extract waste residue: gibberellin fermentation waste residue = 1:2:2 for compounding.

[0021] Comparative Example 2: The same as Example 1, the difference is that in the cold - resistant and lodging - resistant biological agent, the ratio of coronatine: indole - 3 - acetic acid: potassium fulvate = 1:1:1 for compounding.

[0022] Comparative Example 3: The same as Example 1, the difference is that no cold - resistant regulating nutrient agent is added.

[0023] Comparative Example 4: The same as Example 1, the difference is that no cold - resistant and lodging - resistant biological agent is added.

[0024] Comparative Example 5: The same as Example 1, the difference is that in the cold - resistant regulating nutrient agent, no gibberellin fermentation waste residue is added, and the ratios of the remaining two substances remain unchanged.

[0025] Comparative Example 6: The same as Example 1, the difference is that in the cold - resistant and lodging - resistant biological agent, no indole - 3 - acetic acid is added, and the ratios of the remaining two substances remain unchanged.

[0026] Perform the same - condition low - temperature treatment on the seedling - raising substrates prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 and the commercially available peat substrate: the average daily temperature is 12 °C for 7 days. The experimental results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 、 Figure 2 。

[0027] Table 1 Test results of examples and commercially available peat substrates:

[0028] It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that for the seedling - raising substrate for improving the low - temperature resistance of rice prepared by the present invention and the commercially available peat substrate, the emergence rate is increased by more than 20%, the root length of the seedlings is increased by more than 60%; the SOD activity is enhanced by more than 60% under low temperature, significantly reducing oxidative damage; the incidence of damping - off disease is reduced by more than 80%, and because of the use of waste, the cost of the substrate is greatly reduced.

[0029] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of the present invention. The description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation to the scope of the patent for the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A rice seedling raising substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice, characterized in that: The following components and proportions are included by weight: 30-40 parts of corn cob activated carbon combined with root secretions, 15-20 parts of vermiculite-volcanic stone-coconut bran composite particles, 20-25 parts of water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw materials, 10-15 parts of coarse shell powder, 5-10 parts of cold-resistant regulating nutrients, 0.03-0.08 parts of nano zinc oxide, 0.5-1 parts of seaweed extract, 0.1-0.2 parts of Magnolia officinalis root bark extract, 0.2-0.4 parts of cold-resistant and anti-lodging biological agents, 1-1.5 parts of slow-release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 10-20 parts of bentonite binder; The preparation method of corn cob activated carbon combined with root exudates is as follows: crush corn cobs into particles, carbonize at 500-650°C with an oxygen concentration of 2%-4%, and then soak them in an aqueous solution of a mixture of citric acid (1-2% by weight of corn cob activated carbon) and malic acid (1% by weight of corn cob activated carbon) for 8 hours, take them out and dry them at 80°C, and the mixed acid loading is ≥5mg / g; The cold-resistance regulating nutrient agent is a compound of proline fermentation waste residue, trehalose extract waste residue, and gibberellin fermentation waste residue, and the weight ratio of proline fermentation waste residue: trehalose extract waste residue: gibberellin fermentation waste residue is 1:2:1; The cold-resistant and anti-lodging biological agent is a composite biological agent comprising coronatine, indoleacetic acid, and potassium humate, with a mass ratio of coronatine: indoleacetic acid: potassium humate = 2:1:

1.

2. The rice seedling raising substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of vermiculite-volcanic stone-coconut bran composite particles is as follows: vermiculite: volcanic stone: coconut bran is mixed and crushed in a weight ratio of 1:2:2, and then granulated by an extrusion granulator to obtain a particle size of 0.3-0.5 cm.

3. The rice seedling raising substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material is as follows: the water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw material includes 50-60 parts of fresh water hyacinth and 20-30 parts of juice production residue by weight; the fresh water hyacinth is crushed into 1 cm fragments, mixed with the juice residue, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%, the mixture is mixed with EM bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 1000:1, the stacking height is 1-1.5m, the C / N ratio is controlled at 25-30, the temperature is maintained at 55-65℃ for the first 10 days, the pile is turned every day, the temperature is lowered to below 50℃ in the later period, the pile is turned every 3 days, the total fermentation period is 40-50 days, the pH value of the fermentation product is adjusted to 5-5.5, and the fermentation product is crushed to below 0.5cm after drying.

4. The seedling raising substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seaweed extract is Ascophyllum nodosum extract.

5. The seedling raising substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: Preparation method of Magnolia officinalis root bark extract: grind the Magnolia officinalis root bark, add it into ethanol with a volume 5 times the weight of the Magnolia officinalis root bark, ultrasonically extract for 6 hours, filter, and evaporate to dryness at 45°C under reduced pressure to obtain the extract.

6. A method for preparing a rice seedling substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1, mixing water hyacinth-juice production residue fermentation raw materials with cold-resistant regulating nutrients, nano zinc oxide, seaweed extract, cold-resistant anti-lodging biological agent, slow-release potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and Magnolia officinalis root bark extract, and adding a binder to improve structural stability to obtain mixed material 1; S2, mixing corn cob activated carbon with root secretions, vermiculite-volcanic stone-coconut bran composite particles and coarse shell powder, and then mixing with the mixture 1 obtained in step S1 to obtain mixture 2; S3. After the mixed material is divided into 2 parts, it is sterilized by irradiation with ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 253.7nm for 30 minutes, and the bulk density is controlled to be ≤0.5g / cm³ and the EC value is 20-30mmol / 100g.

7. The method for preparing a rice seedling substrate for improving the low temperature resistance of rice according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mixing in step S1 and step S2 is performed by using a horizontal ribbon mixer.

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