Breeding method and application of early-maturing high-resistance three-way cross breeding muskmelon in cold region

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method and application of early-maturing high-resistance three-way cross muskmelons in cold regions, and relates to the technical field of plant breeding. A breeding method for early-maturing high-resistance three-way cross breeding muskmelons in cold regions comprises the steps of female parent selection, male parent 1 selection, male parent 2 selection, double-cross male parent obtaining and three-way cross breeding. The thin-skinned muskmelons obtained through the breeding method have the advantages of being early-maturing, sweet, crisp and juicy, good in low-temperature fruit setting, low in malformed fruit rate, high in wilt resistance and downy mildew resistance, high in adaptability, resistant to storage and transportation and the like, the planting period of the muskmelons is short, the muskmelons can be matured within a short time, and the production efficiency of the muskmelons is improved; meanwhile, due to high disease resistance, the use of pesticides is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the requirements of modern consumers on healthy foods are better met; besides, the muskmelon culture medium is high in adaptability, can grow under various environmental conditions and is resistant to storage and transportation, and the market supply period of muskmelons is prolonged; therefore, the invention has higher popularization value and application prospect in agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and in particular to a breeding method and application of cold-region early-maturing and highly resistant three-cross melons. Background Art

[0002] Facility agriculture is an important direction for promoting agricultural modernization, and facility vegetables are a key task for the development of facility agriculture. At present, the national facility agriculture area is about 40 million mu, of which more than 80% are planted with vegetables. Facility varieties are an important guarantee for facility efficiency. The current early-maturing, high-quality, disease-resistant thin-skinned melon varieties are all double-cross varieties, but their low-temperature fruit setting rate, high deformed fruit rate, poor resistance, and low yield. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cold-region early-maturing and highly resistant three-cross melon breeding method and application, so as to solve the problems of low low-temperature fruit setting rate, high deformed fruit rate, poor resistance and low yield of melon varieties cultivated in cold-region early spring facilities.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for breeding cold-region early-maturing and highly resistant three-cross melons comprises the following steps: selecting a maternal parent, selecting a paternal parent 1, selecting a paternal parent 2, obtaining a double-cross paternal parent, and breeding a three-cross seed; S1 maternal selection Select thin-skinned melons that are early-maturing, have yellow-white skin with a small amount of green at the end, have good fruit setting at low temperatures, expand quickly, have a sweet, crisp and juicy taste, weigh 0.46-0.5kg per melon, are highly resistant to wilt and downy mildew, have strong adaptability, and are resistant to storage and transportation; S2 paternal parent 1 selection Select melons with the characteristics of early maturity, white skin, red flesh, shallow fruit line, good low temperature fruit setting, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, good low temperature fruit setting, not easy to deform, wilt resistance, downy mildew resistance, no melon cracking, no flesh falling, sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and single melon weight 0.38~0.42kg; S3 sire parent 2 selection Select melons with early maturity, bright white skin, red flesh, shallow fruit lines, good low-temperature fruit setting, fast color change, resistance to wilt and downy mildew, no cracking, no falling flesh, sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and single melon weight of 0.42-0.46kg; S4 Obtaining the Double Cross Male Parent The male parent 1 and the male parent 2 are hybridized to obtain hybrid first-generation seeds, which have the characteristics of early maturity, resistance to wilt, resistance to downy mildew, good low-temperature fruit setting, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability, and single melon weight of 0.40-0.44 kg, and the hybrid first-generation seeds are used as double cross male parents; S5 three-cross breeding The selected thin-skinned muskmelon with the characteristics of early maturity, yellow-white skin with a small amount of green halo at the tail, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast swelling speed, sweet, crisp and juicy taste, single melon weight of 0.46~0.5kg, high resistance to Fusarium wilt and downy mildew, strong adaptability and storage and transportation resistance was used as the female parent, and the double-cross male parent with the characteristics of early maturity, Fusarium wilt resistance, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability and single melon weight of 0.40~0.44kg was used as the triple-cross male parent, and a cold-region thin-skinned muskmelon variety with early maturity, high resistance to Fusarium wilt and downy mildew, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability, single melon weight of 0.43~0.45kg and storage and transportation resistance was obtained.

[0005] The present invention also provides the following solution: The application of the melons cultivated by the above breeding method in melon breeding.

[0006] The variety information involved in the present invention is as follows: the female melon is bred by the Melon Research Laboratory of the Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; the male parent 1 melon is a local white melon variety in Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province, from farmers in Minyi Township, Wuchang City. The male parent 2 melon is bred by the Melon Research Laboratory of the Horticulture Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the thin-skinned melon obtained by the breeding method described in the present application is early-maturing, sweet and crisp, highly resistant to wilt and downy mildew, has a high low-temperature fruit setting rate, a low deformed fruit rate, a high commercial rate, strong adaptability, and is resistant to storage and transportation, has high economic value, and the thin-skinned melon has a short planting period and can reach maturity in a relatively short time, thereby improving the production efficiency of the melon; at the same time, due to its excellent disease resistance, the use of pesticides is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and it is more in line with the demand of modern consumers for healthy food; the low-temperature fruit setting rate is high, and it is easy to produce high and stable yields; the deformed fruit rate is low, the commercial rate is high, and the economic benefits are good; in addition, it has strong adaptability, can grow in different regions and under a variety of environmental conditions, is resistant to storage and transportation, and extends the market supply period of the melon; therefore, the present invention has a high promotion value and application prospect in agricultural production.

[0008] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0012] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0013] A breeding method for cold-region early-maturing and highly disease-resistant three-way hybrid melons shown in this application includes the following steps: female parent selection, male parent parent 1 selection, male parent parent 2 selection, obtaining a double-cross male parent, and three-way hybrid breeding; S1 Female parent selection Select a thin-skinned melon with the traits of early maturity, a small amount of green halo at the tail of yellowish-white skin, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast swelling speed, sweet, crispy and juicy taste, single fruit weight of 0.46 - 0.5 kg, highly resistant to fusarium wilt, resistant to downy mildew, strong adaptability, and good storage and transportation properties; S2 Male parent parent 1 selection Select a melon with the traits of early maturity, white skin, red flesh, light fruit lines, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, good fruit setting at low temperature, not easily deformed, resistant to fusarium wilt, resistant to downy mildew, not cracking, not collapsing, sweet, crispy and juicy taste, and single fruit weight of 0.38 - 0.42 kg; S3 Male parent parent 2 selection Select a melon with the traits of early maturity, bright white skin, red flesh, light fruit lines, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast color change speed, resistant to fusarium wilt, resistant to downy mildew, not cracking, not collapsing, sweet, crispy and juicy taste, and single fruit weight of 0.42 - 0.46 kg; S4 Obtaining a double-cross male parent Hybridize male parent parent 1 and male parent parent 2 to obtain first-generation hybrid seeds. These first-generation hybrid seeds have the traits of early maturity, resistant to fusarium wilt, resistant to downy mildew, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability, and single fruit weight of 0.40 - 0.44 kg, and use them as the double-cross male parent; S5 Three-way hybrid breeding Using the selected thin-skinned melon with the traits of early maturity, yellowish-white skin with a small amount of green halo at the tail, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast swelling speed, sweet, crispy and juicy taste, single melon weight of 0.46 - 0.5 kg, highly resistant to fusarium wilt, strong adaptability, and tolerance to storage and transportation as the female parent, and using the double-cross male parent with the traits of early maturity, resistant to fusarium wilt, resistant to downy mildew, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color-changing speed, strong adaptability, and single melon weight of 0.40 - 0.44 kg as the male parent of the three-way cross hybrid, an early-maturing, highly fusarium wilt-resistant, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color-changing speed, strong adaptability, single melon weight of 0.43 - 0.45 kg, and cold-region thin-skinned melon variety that is tolerant to storage and transportation was obtained.

[0014] The present invention also provides the following solutions: Application of the melon cultivated by the above breeding method in melon breeding.

[0015] Heilongjiang Province comparative test: From 2023 to 2024, 5 test sites were set up in Harbin City, Qiqihar City, Qinggang County, Suihua City, Daqing City, and Ning'an City, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province. Comparative tests were carried out in greenhouse cultivation with Jinfei as the control. The test adopted a randomized block design with 3 replicates, and the plot area was 21.0 square meters. Sowing and seedling raising were carried out in the middle and late March, and planting was carried out in the middle and late April. The plant spacing was 45 cm and the row spacing was 70 cm. Ground-crawling cultivation was carried out with 3-vine pruning. The lateral vines were "headed" at 3 leaves, and the secondary lateral vines were pinched at 2 leaves. One leaf was left for pinching in front of the melon. 3 - 5 fruits were retained per plant, and other management was the same as conventional management. The test results showed that in 2023, the average yield per mu of the three-way cross hybrid combination was 3167.03 kg, an increase of 12.68% compared with the control Jinfei (yield per mu of 2810.74 kg). In 2024, the average yield per mu of the three-way cross hybrid combination was 3022.17 kg, an increase of 10.59% compared with the control Jinfei (yield per mu of 2732.76 kg).

[0016] The new melon line selected by this three-way cross hybrid cultivation method has been demonstrated in production.

[0017] In summary, the present invention provides a breeding method and application of a cold-region early-maturing and highly disease-resistant three-way cross hybrid melon. The thin-skinned melon obtained by the breeding method described in this application is early-maturing, sweet, crispy, disease-resistant, has good fruit setting at low temperature, a low rate of deformed fruits, strong adaptability, and tolerance to storage and transportation, and has high economic value. Moreover, the planting cycle of this thin-skinned melon is short, it can reach maturity in a relatively short time, improving the production efficiency of melons; at the same time, due to its high disease resistance, the use of pesticides is reduced, the production cost is lowered, and it also better meets the needs of modern consumers for healthy foods; it has a high fruit setting rate at low temperature and is easy to achieve high and stable yields; the rate of deformed fruits is low and the commodity rate is high, with good economic benefits. In addition, it has strong adaptability, can grow under various environmental conditions, is tolerant to storage and transportation, and extends the market supply period of melons; therefore, the present invention has high promotion value and application prospects in agricultural production.

[0018] The above-described technical features can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification.

Claims

1. A method for breeding early-maturing and highly resistant three-cross muskmelon in cold regions, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Maternal selection, paternal parent 1 selection, paternal parent 2 selection, obtaining double-cross paternal parents, and three-cross breeding; S1 maternal selection Select thin-skinned melons that are early-maturing, have yellow-white skin with a small amount of green at the end, have good fruit setting at low temperatures, expand quickly, have a sweet, crisp and juicy taste, weigh 0.46-0.5kg per melon, are highly resistant to wilt and downy mildew, have strong adaptability, and are resistant to storage and transportation; S2 paternal parent 1 selection Select melons with the characteristics of early maturity, white skin, red flesh, shallow fruit line, good low temperature fruit setting, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, good low temperature fruit setting, not easy to deform, wilt resistance, downy mildew resistance, no melon cracking, no flesh falling, sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and single melon weight 0.38~0.42kg; S3 sire parent 2 selection Select melons with early maturity, bright white skin, red flesh, shallow fruit lines, good low-temperature fruit setting, fast color change, resistance to wilt and downy mildew, no cracking, no falling flesh, sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and single melon weight of 0.42-0.46kg; S4 Obtaining the Double Cross Male Parent The male parent 1 and the male parent 2 are hybridized to obtain hybrid first-generation seeds, which have the characteristics of early maturity, resistance to wilt, resistance to downy mildew, good low-temperature fruit setting, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability, and single melon weight of 0.40-0.44 kg, and the hybrid first-generation seeds are used as double cross male parents; S5 three-cross breeding The selected thin-skinned muskmelon with the characteristics of early maturity, yellow-white skin with a small amount of green halo at the tail, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast swelling speed, sweet, crisp and juicy taste, single melon weight of 0.46~0.5kg, high resistance to Fusarium wilt and downy mildew, strong adaptability and storage and transportation resistance is used as the female parent, and the double-cross male parent with the characteristics of early maturity, resistance to Fusarium wilt and downy mildew, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability and single melon weight of 0.40~0.44kg is used as the triple-cross male parent, to obtain a cold-region thin-skinned muskmelon variety that is early maturity, highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and downy mildew, good fruit setting at low temperature, fast melon swelling speed, fast color change speed, strong adaptability, single melon weight of 0.43~0.45kg and storage and transportation resistance.

2. Use of the melons cultivated by the breeding method according to claim 1 in melon breeding.