Processing technology and equipment for picked fresh camellia oleifera fruits

Abstract

The invention discloses a post-harvest processing technology and equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, which are mainly used for post-harvest efficient treatment of the fresh oil-tea camellia fruits. The processing technology comprises the following steps: 1, airing or slightly exploding stack-retting fresh camellia oleifera fruits for a short time; 2, grading through a grading device; 3, breaking shells of the graded camellia oleifera fruits through a spiral shell breaking device; 4, primarily selecting a seed-shell mixture after shell breaking by a vibration primary selection device; 5, cleaning the primarily-selected seed and shell mixture through a cleaning device; and 6, collecting and packaging the tea shells, drying the tea seeds in a drying room, and packaging. The equipment comprises a conveying device, a strip (grid) type or drum type grading device, a spiral shell breaking device, a vibration primary selection device, a belt type or pin insertion type cleaning device, a drying room and the like. The technology overcomes the technical problems that an existing processing technology is low in efficiency, high in production cost, poor in seed and shell separation effect and the like, and the processing technology is compact in technological process, small in occupied area, simple in equipment structure, low in energy consumption, high in efficiency, good in effect, low in production cost and capable of continuously and efficiently processing the fresh camellia oleifera fruits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a post-harvest processing technology and equipment for fresh camellia oleifera fruits, specifically to methods and equipment such as spiral shell-breaking of fresh camellia oleifera fruits, vibration primary selection of seed shells, needle roller shell-inserting cleaning or belt friction cleaning of seed shells, etc. This kind of technology and equipment can be applied to the post-harvest processing of a large number of fresh camellia oleifera fruits with multiple sizes, belonging to the technical field of fresh camellia oleifera fruit processing. Background Art

[0002] Camellia oleifera belongs to the Theaceae family and is an important edible oil crop. Together with olive, oil palm and coconut, it is listed as the world's four major woody oil crops. Since the tea shell does not contain oil, it is necessary to break the shell and clean the camellia oleifera fruit. Due to the high water content of fresh camellia oleifera fruits, if not processed in time, they are extremely prone to mildew and deterioration, so timely treatment is required. At present, the post-harvest processing of fresh camellia oleifera fruits mainly includes manual processing and mechanical processing. The manual processing method is generally that after the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are harvested, they are stacked for 3 to 5 days to promote the after-ripening of the oil; then the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are spread out in the sun for 1 to 3 days until the camellia oleifera fruits are completely cracked, and then the outer shells are manually removed and the tea seeds are screened out. Manual processing not only has a high labor intensity, low production efficiency, high labor cost, but also is often affected by factors such as weather, resulting in untimely processing of camellia oleifera fruits and mildew, which not only causes losses but also affects the quality of camellia oil. The invention patent CN202010781378.5 (a processing method and equipment for shelling and screening fresh camellia oleifera fruits) classifies fresh camellia oleifera fruits into four grades according to size through a grading device, and they enter different shelling machines for shelling respectively. After shelling, the seed shell mixture is summarized and enters a drum primary selector for primary selection, and then to a needle roller type fine selector for fine screening. Finally, the tea seed shells are summarized and packaged respectively. This invention patent can realize the technological process of grading, shelling and cleaning after the harvest of fresh camellia oleifera fruits. Due to the lack of a pre-treatment process for fresh camellia oleifera fruits, the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are directly shelled without pre-treatment, which is likely to cause incomplete shell-breaking of camellia oleifera fruits and a high rate of broken seeds of tea seeds, seriously affecting the production quality. Therefore, the present invention proposes a post-harvest processing technology and equipment for fresh camellia oleifera fruits, which overcomes the defects of the existing processing technology and equipment such as numerous, large, high energy consumption, high production cost, incomplete shell-breaking of camellia oleifera fruits, high shell-breaking rate of tea seeds, etc. The equipment of the present invention has a simple structure, a concise process, low energy consumption, greatly reduces the processing cost of camellia oleifera fruits, is beneficial to the healthy development of the camellia oleifera industry, and is applicable to the post-harvest processing of a large number of fresh camellia oleifera fruits with multiple sizes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a cost-saving and efficient post-harvest processing technology and equipment for fresh camellia oleifera fruits in view of the deficiencies of the existing post-harvest processing technology and equipment for fresh camellia oleifera fruits. This post-harvest processing technology and equipment for fresh camellia oleifera fruits can achieve cost-saving, high-efficiency and high-quality post-harvest processing of fresh camellia oleifera fruits, and is applicable to the post-harvest processing of a large number of fresh camellia oleifera fruits with multiple sizes.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A post-harvest processing technological process for fresh Camellia oleifera fruits, and its working steps are as follows: Step 1, pretreatment of fresh Camellia oleifera fruits: First, carry out a certain period of retting treatment on the fresh Camellia oleifera fruits, and then subject the retted fresh Camellia oleifera fruits to short-term natural drying or short-term drying and micro-explosion of the fresh Camellia oleifera fruits in a drying room (1) to evaporate the moisture on the surface of the fresh Camellia oleifera fruit shells and generate cracks, so as to facilitate reducing the shell-breaking force of the Camellia oleifera fruits, reducing the seed-breaking rate of the tea seeds, and increasing the shell-breaking rate of the Camellia oleifera fruits; Step 2, grading of Camellia oleifera fruits: Send the Camellia oleifera fruits that have been subjected to short-term natural drying or short-term drying and micro-explosion to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum type grading device (4) through the grading feeding device (2) for grading treatment, and divide the Camellia oleifera fruits into several grades according to size; Step 3, shell-breaking of Camellia oleifera fruits: Send the Camellia oleifera fruits divided into several grades in Step 2 to different inlets of the Camellia oleifera fruit feeding port (502) of the spiral shell-breaking device (5), and carry out shell-breaking through spiral shell-breaking components with different parameters to obtain a 1# seed shell mixture; Step 4, primary selection of seed shells: Send the 1# seed shell mixture in Step 3 to the vibration feeding port (607) of the vibration primary selection device (6), and carry out preliminary screening through the vibration primary selection device (6) to screen out larger and smaller tea shells, shriveled tea seeds, sediment and impurities, and obtain a 2# seed shell mixture after primary selection; Step 5, cleaning of seed shells: Send the 2# seed shell mixture in Step 4 to the needle-insert type cleaning device (9) or the belt type cleaning device (8) through the cleaning feeding device (7) for cleaning of seed shells, respectively obtain tea shells and tea seeds, and collect and pack the tea shells; Step 6, send the tea seeds obtained by cleaning in Step 5 to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), dry the tea seeds, and pack and send them out after drying.

[0005] Further, the shell-breaking of the fresh Camellia oleifera fruits is a multi-directional force-bearing spiral extrusion and shearing shell-breaking method.

[0006] Further, the primary selection of the seed shells is a vibration screening method.

[0007] Further, the cleaning of the seed shells is as follows: When using the needle-insert type cleaning device (9) for cleaning the seed shells, the cleaning method is the needle roller inserting shell cleaning method; when using the belt type cleaning device (8) for cleaning the seed shells, the cleaning method is the belt friction cleaning method.

[0008] An oil-tea camellia fresh fruit post-harvest processing device provided by the present invention comprises a drying chamber (1), a grading and feeding device (2), a strip (grid) type grading device (3), a drum type grading device (4), a spiral shell-breaking device (5), a vibration primary selection device (6), a cleaning and feeding device (7), a needle-insertion type cleaning device (9), a belt type cleaning device (8) and a tea seed conveying device (10); the drying chamber (1) is connected to the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the drum type grading device (4) through the grading and feeding device (2), the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the drum type grading device (4) is installed above the spiral shell-breaking device (5), the vibration primary selection device (6) is arranged below the spiral shell-breaking device (5), the needle-insertion type cleaning device (9) and the belt type cleaning device (8) are both connected to the vibration primary selection device (6) through the cleaning and feeding device (7), and the needle-insertion type cleaning device (9) and the belt type cleaning device (8) are connected to the drying chamber (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10).

[0009] Furthermore, the drying chamber (1) is a device with the function of heating and drying, and comprises an energy mechanism (101), a drying chamber (102), an oil-tea camellia fruit inlet and outlet (103) and a tea seed inlet and outlet (104). The energy mechanism (101) is a mechanism for converting energy such as, but not limited to, mechanical energy, thermal energy, light energy, etc. into thermal energy. The energy mechanism (101) is connected to the drying chamber (102) to provide thermal energy for the drying chamber (102). The oil-tea camellia fruit inlet and outlet (103) is used for feeding and discharging oil-tea camellia fruits, and the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) is used for feeding and discharging tea seeds. The oil-tea camellia fruit inlet and outlet (103) and the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) are respectively connected to two different drying chambers, and the parameter conditions of the two drying chambers can be independently adjusted according to the actual requirements of oil-tea camellia fruit micro-explosion and tea seed drying respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the grading and feeding device (2), the cleaning and feeding device (7) and the tea seed conveying device (10) are all devices with conveying capacity, and include, but are not limited to, conveying devices such as climbing conveyor belts, horizontal conveyor belts, conveyor drums, etc.

[0011] Furthermore, the strip (grid) type grading device (3) and the drum type grading device (4) are devices for grading the dried or micro-exploded camellia oleifera fruits according to their sizes, including but not limited to strip (grid) type grading devices, drum type grading devices and other grading devices; among them, the strip (grid) type grading device (3) includes a feeding mechanism (303), a frame (301), a grading strip (grid) (304), a left grading fulcrum shaft (302), a right grading fulcrum shaft (305) and a discharge plate (306). The feeding mechanism (303) is arranged above the frame (301), the grading strip (grid) (304) is arranged below the feeding mechanism (303), and a discharge plate (306) is arranged inside the grading strip (grid) (304); the drum type grading device (4) includes a frame (401), a grading rotating shaft (402), a cage body (403), grading auger blades (404), a feeding port (405) and a discharge plate (406). The grading auger blades (404) are arranged on the grading rotating shaft (402), and the grading rotating shaft (402) and the grading auger blades (404) are arranged inside the cage body (403). The three together form a grading assembly, which is installed on the frame (401) through the grading rotating shaft (402). The feeding port (405) is arranged on one side above the frame (401), and the discharge plate (406) is arranged below the grading assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the spiral shell-breaking device (5) is a device for performing the shell-breaking process on camellia oleifera fruits, including a camellia oleifera fruit feeding port (502), a shell-breaking spiral roller (503), an auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504), an adjusting handle (505), a squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506), a seed shell discharge port (507) and a frame (501). The camellia oleifera fruit feeding port (502) is arranged above the frame (501), and a plurality of inlets are arranged inside the camellia oleifera fruit feeding port (502), and each inlet corresponds to camellia oleifera fruits of different sizes after feeding and grading. The shell-breaking spiral roller (503) is arranged in the middle of the frame (501) and below the camellia oleifera fruit feeding port (502). The auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504) and the shell-breaking spiral roller (503) are horizontally staggered on the frame. The squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506) is arranged above the auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504) and the shell-breaking spiral roller (503). These three together form a shell-breaking assembly; an adjusting handle (505) is arranged above the squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506), and the height of the squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506) can be adjusted through the adjusting handle (505); the parameters of the shell-breaking assemblies corresponding to different inlets of the camellia oleifera fruit feeding port (502) are different to adapt to the shell-breaking of camellia oleifera fruits of different sizes. The seed shell discharge port (506) is arranged below the shell-breaking assembly.

[0013] Further, the primary vibration screening device (6) is a device for preliminarily screening the tea seed shell mixture after shell breaking, including a vibration feeding port (607), an upper sieve mesh (603), a lower sieve mesh (604), an upper discharge port (602), a middle discharge port (601), a lower discharge port (606), a vibrator (605) and a frame (608); the vibration feeding port (607) is arranged above the frame (608), the upper sieve mesh (603) is arranged below the vibration feeding port (607), the lower sieve mesh (604) is arranged below the upper sieve mesh (603), the mesh shapes and sizes of the upper sieve mesh (603) and the lower sieve mesh (604) are different, and an upper discharge port (602), a middle discharge port (601) and a lower discharge port (606) are respectively arranged.

[0014] Further, the belt type cleaning device (8) and the needle insertion type cleaning device (9) are equipment for finely selecting the preliminarily selected tea seed shell mixture.

[0015] Further, the belt type cleaning device (8) includes a vibration feeding mechanism (803), a belt cleaning mechanism (804), an upper discharge port (805), a lower discharge port (801), a stepless angle adjustment mechanism (806), a frame (802) and a tea shell collection box (807); the vibration feeding mechanism (803) is arranged at the upper end of the frame (802), the belt cleaning mechanism (804) is arranged below the vibration feeding mechanism (803), the upper end of the belt cleaning mechanism (804) is provided with an upper discharge port (805), the lower end is provided with a lower discharge port (801), a tea shell collection box (806) is arranged below the upper discharge port (805), and a stepless angle adjustment mechanism (807) is arranged below the belt cleaning mechanism (804), and the horizontal angle of the belt cleaning mechanism (804) can be adjusted by adjusting the stepless angle adjustment mechanism (807) to adapt to the cleaning of tea seed shells with different moisture contents.

[0016] Further, the needle insertion type cleaning device (9) includes a vibration spreading feeding mechanism (907), a conveying mechanism (902), a needle roller mechanism (903), a shell discharging mechanism (904), a tea seed discharge port (901), a tea shell discharge port (906) and a frame (905); the vibration spreading feeding mechanism (907) is arranged above the frame (905) and at the front end of the conveying mechanism (902), the needle roller mechanism (903) and the shell discharging mechanism (904) are a set of cleaning components, multiple sets of cleaning components are provided, a tea seed discharge port (901) is arranged at the end of the conveying mechanism (902), and a tea shell discharge port (906) is arranged on one side of the shell discharging mechanism (904).

[0017] Further, one end of the grading and feeding device (2) is connected to the oil-tea fruit inlet / outlet (103) of the drying room (1), and the other end is connected to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum type grading device (4); the discharge plate (306) of the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the feeding plate (406) of the drum type grading device (4) is connected to the oil-tea fruit feeding port (502) of the spiral shell-breaking device (5), and the discharge ports of the grading areas of each oil-tea fruit grading device correspond to different inlets of the oil-tea fruit feeding port (502); the seed shell discharge port (507) of the spiral shell-breaking device (5) is connected to the vibration feeding port (607) of the vibration primary selection device (6); one end of the cleaning and feeding device (7) is connected to the middle layer discharge port (601) of the vibration primary selection device (6), and the other end is connected to the vibration spreading and feeding mechanism (907) of the needle-insertion type cleaning device (9) or the vibration feeding mechanism (803) of the belt type cleaning device (8); one end of the tea seed conveying device (10) is connected to the tea seed discharge port (901) of the needle-insertion type cleaning device (9) or the lower discharge port (801) of the belt type cleaning device (8), and the other end is connected to the tea seed inlet / outlet (104) of the drying room (1). The tea seeds obtained by cleaning are sent to the tea seed inlet / outlet (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), and the tea seeds are dried and then packed and sent out.

[0018] The advantages of this invention application are as follows: The processing technological process of the present invention is simple and comprehensive, including six steps: pretreatment of oil-tea camellia fresh fruits, grading of oil-tea camellia fruits, shell breaking of oil-tea camellia fruits, primary selection of seed shells, cleaning of seed shells, collection and packing of tea shells, and drying of tea seeds. The whole process from oil-tea camellia fresh fruits to finished tea seeds is completed. The processing equipment of the present invention is less, the energy consumption is low, the production efficiency is high, the effect of shell breaking and cleaning is good, and the breakage rate of tea seeds is low, which can realize the post-harvest processing of a large number of oil-tea camellia fresh fruits. First, after the oil-tea camellia fruits are subjected to retting treatment, the shell tissue of the oil-tea camellia fruits will become loose, the tea shells will crack, and then through short-term natural drying or drying and micro-explosion of the cattail, the moisture on the surface of the oil-tea camellia fruit shells is evaporated quickly, which can further cause the oil-tea camellia fruit shells to crack, greatly reduce the shell-breaking force of the oil-tea camellia fruits, reduce the seed-breaking rate of tea seeds, reduce the juice during the shell breaking of the oil-tea camellia fruits, ensure the dryness of the tea seed surface, and improve the quality of tea seeds. Second, the drying room (1) can not only carry out the micro-explosion of the cattail of the oil-tea camellia fresh fruits, but also carry out the drying of tea seeds. One equipment has two uses, reducing the number of equipment and facilitating operation. Third, the strip (grid) type grading device (3) sets the spacing between the grading strips (grids) (304) according to the size of the oil-tea camellia fruits, ensuring the grading efficiency and grading accuracy of the oil-tea camellia fruits. The grading auger blades (404) in the drum type grading device (4) can ensure that the oil-tea camellia fruits are fully graded without the phenomenon of "skipping grades". The spiral shell-breaking device (5) uses shell-breaking components with different parameters to carry out spiral extrusion, shearing and other multi-directional force shell breaking on the pretreated oil-tea camellia fruits of different size levels, improving the shell-breaking rate of the oil-tea camellia fruits, reducing the breakage rate of tea seeds, improving the quality of tea seeds, and reducing the number of equipment increased due to different size levels of the oil-tea camellia fruits in the shell-breaking process of the oil-tea camellia fruits, simplifying the processing process. The vibration primary selection device (6) realizes the primary screening of the seed shells through the simple vibration screening principle and uses sieves with different shapes and sizes, providing convenience for the subsequent cleaning of the seed shells. The belt type cleaning device (8) and the needle insertion type cleaning device (9) provide two different processing methods for the fine selection of the seed shells, not only improving the cleaning efficiency of the seed shells, but also further improving the cleaning rate of the seed shells, reducing the loss of tea seeds during the cleaning process, increasing the seed yield rate, and increasing the economic benefits. The processing of oil-tea camellia fresh fruits can reduce the processing energy consumption, reduce the production equipment, the equipment cost is low, reduce the processing cost of oil-tea camellia fruits, and is conducive to the healthy development of the oil-tea camellia industry. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Appendix Figure 1 is the post-harvest process flow chart of the oil-tea camellia fresh fruits of the present invention; Appendix Figure 2 is the connection flow chart of the post-harvest processing equipment of the oil-tea camellia fresh fruits of the present invention; Appendix Figure 3 is the connection structure diagram of the post-harvest processing equipment of the oil-tea camellia fresh fruits of the present invention; Appendix Figure 4 is the structure schematic diagram of the drying room of the present invention; Appendix Figure 5It is a schematic structural diagram of the strip (grid) type grading device of the present invention; Appendix Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the roller type grading device of the present invention; Appendix Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the spiral shell-breaking device of the present invention; Appendix Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration primary selection device of the present invention; Appendix Figure 9 It is a schematic structural diagram of the belt type cleaning device of the present invention; Appendix Figure 10 It is a schematic structural diagram of the needle insertion type cleaning device of the present invention.

[0020] Icons in the figure: 1. Drying room, 2. Grading feeding device, 3. Strip (grid) type grading device, 4. Roller type grading device, 5. Spiral shell-breaking device, 6. Vibration primary selection device, 7. Cleaning feeding device, 8. Belt type cleaning device, 9. Needle insertion type cleaning device, 10. Camellia seed conveying device, 101. Energy mechanism, 102. Drying chamber, 103. Camellia oleifera fresh fruit inlet and outlet, 104. Camellia seed inlet and outlet, 301. Frame, 302. Left grading fulcrum shaft, 303. Feeding mechanism, 304. Grading strip (grid), 305. Right grading fulcrum shaft, 306. Discharge plate, 401. Frame, 402. Grading rotating shaft, 403. Cage body, 404. Grading auger blade, 405. Feeding port, 406. Discharge plate, 501. Frame, 502. Camellia fruit feeding port, 503. Shell-breaking spiral roller, 504. Auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism, 505. Adjusting handle, 506. Extrusion shell-breaking mechanism, 507. Seed shell discharge port, 601. Middle layer discharge port, 602. Upper layer discharge port, 603. Upper layer sieve mesh, 604. Lower layer sieve mesh, 605. Vibrator, 606. Lower layer discharge port, 607. Vibration feeding port, 608. Frame, 801. Lower discharge port, 802. Frame, 803. Vibration feeding mechanism, 804. Belt cleaning mechanism, 805. Upper discharge port, 806. Infinite angle adjusting mechanism, 807. Tea shell collection box, 901. Camellia seed discharge port, 902. Conveying mechanism, 903. Needle roller mechanism, 904. Shell unloading mechanism, 905. Frame, 906. Tea shell discharge port, 907. Vibration spreading feeding mechanism. Specific embodiments

[0021] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. Embodiment

[0024] Refer to the attached Figure 1 —As shown in Figure 10, a post-harvest processing technological process of oil-tea camellia fresh fruits has the following working steps: Step 1. Pretreatment of oil-tea camellia fresh fruits: The oil-tea camellia fresh fruits are first subjected to a certain period of retting treatment, and then the retted oil-tea camellia fresh fruits are subjected to short-term natural drying or short-term drying and micro-explosion in a drying room (1) to evaporate the moisture on the surface of the oil-tea camellia fresh fruit shells and generate cracks, so as to facilitate reducing the shell-breaking force of the oil-tea camellia fruits, reducing the seed-breaking rate of tea seeds, and increasing the shell-breaking rate of the oil-tea camellia fruits; Step 2. Grading of oil-tea camellia fruits: The oil-tea camellia fruits that have been subjected to short-term natural drying or short-term drying and micro-explosion are sent to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum type grading device (4) through the grading feeding device (2) for grading treatment, and the oil-tea camellia fruits are divided into several grades according to their sizes; Step 3. Shell-breaking of oil-tea camellia fruits: The oil-tea camellia fruits divided into several grades in Step 2 are sent to different inlets of the oil-tea camellia fruit feeding port (502) of the spiral shell-breaking device (5), and are shell-broken by the spiral shell-breaking components with different parameters to obtain a 1# seed-shell mixture; Step 4. Primary selection of seeds and shells: The 1# seed-shell mixture described in Step 3 is sent to the vibration feeding port (607) of the vibration primary selection device (6), and is preliminarily screened by the vibration primary selection device (6) to screen out larger and smaller tea shells, shriveled tea seeds, sediment and impurities, and obtain a 2# seed-shell mixture after primary selection; Step 5. Seed husk cleaning: Feed the 2# seed husk mixture described in Step 4 to the needle-insert type cleaning device (9) or the belt type cleaning device (8) through the cleaning feeding device (7) for seed husk cleaning to obtain tea husks and tea seeds respectively, and summarize and pack the tea husks; Step 6. Feed the tea seeds obtained by the cleaning in Step 5 to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), dry the tea seeds, and pack and send them out after drying.

[0025] The shell breaking of the oil-tea camellia fresh fruits is a multi-directional force-bearing spiral extrusion and shearing shell breaking method.

[0026] The preliminary selection of the seed husks is by vibration screening.

[0027] The seed husk cleaning is as follows: When using the needle-insert type cleaning device (9) for seed husk cleaning, the cleaning method is the needle roller inserting shell cleaning method; when using the belt type cleaning device (8) for seed husk cleaning, the cleaning method is the belt friction cleaning method. Embodiment

[0028] An oil-tea camellia fresh fruit post-harvest processing device provided by the present invention includes a drying room (1), a grading feeding device (2), a strip (grid) type grading device (3), a roller type grading device (4), a spiral shell breaking device (5), a vibration preliminary selection device (6), a cleaning feeding device (7), a needle-insert type cleaning device (9), a belt type cleaning device (8) and a tea seed conveying device (10); the drying room (1) is connected to the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the roller type grading device (4) through the grading feeding device (2), the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the roller type grading device (4) is installed above the spiral shell breaking device (5), the vibration preliminary selection device (6) is arranged below the spiral shell breaking device (5), both the needle-insert type cleaning device (9) and the belt type cleaning device (8) are connected to the vibration preliminary selection device (6) through the cleaning feeding device (7), and the needle-insert type cleaning device (9) and the belt type cleaning device (8) are connected to the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10).

[0029] Furthermore, the drying chamber (1) is a device with the function of heating and drying, including an energy mechanism (101), a drying chamber (102), an oil-tea fruit inlet / outlet (103) and a tea seed inlet / outlet (104). The energy mechanism (101) is a mechanism that converts energy such as mechanical energy, thermal energy, and light energy into thermal energy. The energy mechanism (101) is connected to the drying chamber (102) to provide thermal energy for the drying chamber (102). The oil-tea fruit inlet / outlet (103) is used for feeding and discharging oil-tea fruits, and the tea seed inlet / outlet (104) is used for feeding and discharging tea seeds. The oil-tea fruit inlet / outlet (103) and the tea seed inlet / outlet (104) are respectively connected to two different drying chambers, and the parameter conditions of the two drying chambers can be independently adjusted according to the actual needs of oil-tea fruit micro-explosion and tea seed drying.

[0030] Furthermore, the grading and feeding device (2), the cleaning and feeding device (7) and the tea seed conveying device (10) are all devices with conveying capabilities, including but not limited to conveying devices such as climbing conveyor belts, horizontal conveyor belts, and conveyor drums.

[0031] Furthermore, the strip (grid) type grading device (3) and the drum type grading device (4) are devices that grade the sun-dried or micro-exploded oil-tea fruits according to their sizes, including but not limited to grading devices such as strip (grid) type grading devices and drum type grading devices. Among them, the strip (grid) type grading device (3) includes a feeding mechanism (303), a frame (301), a grading strip (grid) (304), a left grading fulcrum shaft (302), a right grading fulcrum shaft (305) and a discharge plate (306). The feeding mechanism (303) is arranged above the frame (301), the grading strip (grid) (304) is arranged below the feeding mechanism (303), and a discharge plate (306) is arranged inside the grading strip (grid) (304). The drum type grading device (4) includes a frame (401), a grading rotating shaft (402), a cage body (403), grading auger blades (404), a feeding port (405) and a discharge plate (406). The grading auger blades (404) are arranged on the grading rotating shaft (402), and the grading rotating shaft (402) and the grading auger blades (404) are arranged inside the cage body (403). The three together form a grading component, which is installed on the frame (401) through the grading rotating shaft (402). The feeding port (405) is arranged on one side above the frame (401), and the discharge plate (406) is arranged below the grading component.

[0032] Furthermore, the spiral shell-breaking device (5) is a device for performing the shell-breaking process on oil-tea fruits, and includes an oil-tea fruit inlet (502), a shell-breaking spiral roller (503), an auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504), an adjusting handle (505), a squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506), a seed shell discharge port (507), and a frame (501). The oil-tea fruit inlet (502) is arranged above the frame (501), and a plurality of inlets are arranged in the oil-tea fruit inlet (502), and each inlet corresponds to oil-tea fruits of different sizes after feeding and grading. The shell-breaking spiral roller (503) is arranged in the middle of the frame (501) and below the oil-tea fruit inlet (502). The auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504) and the shell-breaking spiral roller (503) are horizontally staggered and arranged on the frame. The squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506) is arranged above the auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504) and the shell-breaking spiral roller (503), and these three components form a shell-breaking assembly. An adjusting handle (505) is arranged above the squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506), and the height of the squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506) can be adjusted through the adjusting handle (505). The parameters of the shell-breaking assemblies corresponding to different inlets of the oil-tea fruit inlet (502) are different to adapt to the shell-breaking of oil-tea fruits of different sizes. The seed shell discharge port (506) is arranged below the shell-breaking assembly.

[0033] Furthermore, the vibration primary selection device (6) is a device for performing a preliminary screening on the shelled seed shell mixture, and includes a vibration inlet (607), an upper sieve mesh (603), a lower sieve mesh (604), an upper discharge port (602), a middle discharge port (601), a lower discharge port (606), a vibrator (605), and a frame (608). The vibration inlet (607) is arranged above the frame (608), the upper sieve mesh (603) is arranged below the vibration inlet (607), the lower sieve mesh (604) is arranged below the upper sieve mesh (603), the mesh shapes and sizes of the upper sieve mesh (603) and the lower sieve mesh (604) are different, and an upper discharge port (602), a middle discharge port (601), and a lower discharge port (606) are respectively arranged.

[0034] Furthermore, the belt type cleaning device (8) and the needle insertion type cleaning device (9) are devices for performing a fine selection on the preliminarily selected seed shell mixture.

[0035] Further, the belt type cleaning device (8) includes a vibrating feeding mechanism (803), a belt cleaning mechanism (804), an upper discharge port (805), a lower discharge port (801), a stepless angle adjusting mechanism (806), a frame (802) and a tea shell collection box (807); the vibrating feeding mechanism (803) is arranged at the upper end of the frame (802), the belt cleaning mechanism (804) is arranged below the vibrating feeding mechanism (803), the upper end of the belt cleaning mechanism (804) is provided with the upper discharge port (805), the lower end is provided with the lower discharge port (801), a tea shell collection box (806) is arranged below the upper discharge port (805), and a stepless angle adjusting mechanism (807) is arranged below the belt cleaning mechanism (804). The horizontal angle of the belt cleaning mechanism (804) can be adjusted by adjusting the stepless angle adjusting mechanism (807) to adapt to the cleaning of seed shells with different moisture contents.

[0036] Further, the needle insertion type cleaning device (9) includes a vibrating and flattening feeding mechanism (907), a conveying mechanism (902), a needle roller mechanism (903), a shell discharging mechanism (904), a tea seed discharge port (901), a tea shell discharge port (906) and a frame (905); the vibrating and flattening feeding mechanism (907) is arranged above the frame (905) and at the front end of the conveying mechanism (902), the needle roller mechanism (903) and the shell discharging mechanism (904) are a set of cleaning components, and multiple sets of cleaning components are provided. A tea seed discharge port (901) is arranged at the end of the conveying mechanism (902), and a tea shell discharge port (906) is arranged on one side of the shell discharging mechanism (904).

[0037] Furthermore, one end of the grading feeding device (2) is connected to the tea fruit entrance and exit (103) of the drying room (1), and the other end is connected to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum grading device (4); the discharge plate (306) of the strip (grid) grading device (3) or the feeding plate (406) of the drum grading device (4) is connected to the tea fruit inlet (502) of the spiral shelling device (5), and the grading area discharge ports of each tea fruit grading device correspond to different entrances of the tea fruit inlet (502); the seed shell discharge port (507) of the spiral shelling device (5) is connected to the vibration inlet (607) of the vibration primary screening device (6). 7) connection; one end of the cleaning and feeding device (7) is connected to the middle layer discharge port (601) of the vibrating primary screening device (6), and the other end is connected to the vibrating flat feeding mechanism (907) of the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) or the vibrating feeding mechanism (803) of the belt-type cleaning device (8); one end of the tea seed conveying device (10) is connected to the tea seed discharge port (901) of the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) or the lower discharge port (801) of the belt-type cleaning device (8), and the other end is connected to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1). The tea seeds obtained after cleaning are collected and sent to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), and the tea seeds are dried and packaged and sent out after drying.

[0038] The specific working process of the present invention is as follows: After the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are piled up and retted, they are subjected to micro-explosion of husks through the drying room (1). The fresh camellia oleifera fruits after micro-explosion of husks are transported to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum type grading device (4) through the fresh camellia oleifera fruit inlet and outlet (103). When using the strip (grid) type grading device (3) for grading, the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are on the grading strip (grid) (304) and move along with the grading strip (grid) (304). The fresh camellia oleifera fruits are graded by the gradually increasing spacing between the grading strips (grids) (304) in the conveying direction into several grades. When using the drum type grading device (4), the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are fed in the cage body (403) driven by the grading auger blades (403). The bar gap on the cage body (403) gradually increases in the feeding direction to achieve the purpose of grading the fresh camellia oleifera fruits into several grades. The fresh camellia oleifera fruits of different size grades respectively fall into the corresponding camellia oleifera fruit feeding ports (502), and the fresh camellia oleifera fruits are subjected to shell-breaking treatment through the shell-breaking spiral roller (503), the auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504), the squeezing shell-breaking mechanism (506) and the adjusting handle (505). The 1# seed shell mixture after shell-breaking enters the vibrating feeding port (607) through the seed shell discharge port (507) for primary selection of the seed shell mixture, and the larger and smaller tea shells, shriveled tea seeds, sediment and impurities are removed to obtain the 2# seed shell mixture after primary selection. The 2# seed shell mixture is subjected to seed shell selection through the belt type cleaning device (8) or the needle insertion type cleaning device (9). The tea shells obtained after selection are directly summarized and packed. The tea seeds after selection are conveyed to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), and the tea seeds are dried in the drying room (1), and the tea seeds are summarized and packed after drying.

[0039] The above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Those skilled in the art should understand that any modification, equivalent replacement or improvement made to the technical solutions of the present invention within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A post-harvest processing equipment for fresh camellia oleifera fruit, characterized in that: The invention comprises a drying room (1), a grading and feeding device (2), a strip (grid) grading device (3), a drum grading device (4), a spiral shelling device (5), a vibrating primary selection device (6), a cleaning and feeding device (7), a pin-insertion cleaning device (9), a belt-type cleaning device (8) and a tea seed conveying device (10); the drying room (1) is connected to the strip (grid) grading device (3) or the drum grading device (4) via the grading and feeding device (2); the strip (grid) grading device (3) or the drum grading device (4) is installed above the spiral shelling device (5); the vibrating primary selection device (6) is arranged below the spiral shelling device (5); the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) and the belt-type cleaning device (8) are both connected to the vibrating primary selection device (6) via the cleaning and feeding device (7); the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) and the belt-type cleaning device (8) are connected to the drying room (1) via the tea seed conveying device (10); The drying room (1) is a device with a heating and drying function, comprising an energy mechanism (101), a drying chamber (102), an oil-tea fruit inlet and outlet (103), and a tea seed inlet and outlet (104); the energy mechanism (101) is a mechanism for converting energy including but not limited to mechanical energy, thermal energy, light energy, etc. into thermal energy; the energy mechanism (101) is connected to the drying chamber (102) to provide thermal energy for the drying chamber (102); the oil-tea fruit inlet and outlet (103) is used for feeding and discharging oil-tea fruit; the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) is used for feeding and discharging tea seeds; the oil-tea fruit inlet and outlet (103) and the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) are respectively connected to two different drying chambers; and the parameter conditions of the two drying chambers can be independently adjusted according to the actual needs of oil-tea fruit micro-explosion and tea seed drying; The grading and feeding device (2), the cleaning and feeding device (7) and the tea seed conveying device (10) are all devices with conveying capabilities, including but not limited to conveying devices such as climbing conveyor belts, horizontal conveyor belts, and conveyor rollers; The strip (grid) type grading device (3) and the drum type grading device (4) are devices for grading the oil-tea fruits that have been dried or slightly exploded according to their sizes, and include but are not limited to grading devices such as strip (grid) type grading devices and drum type grading devices; wherein the strip (grid) type grading device (3) comprises a feeding mechanism (303), a frame (301), a grading strip (grid) (304), a left grading fulcrum shaft (302), a right grading fulcrum shaft (305) and a discharging plate (306); the feeding mechanism (303) is arranged above the frame (301), the grading strip (grid) (304) is arranged below the feeding mechanism (303), and the grading strip (grid) (304) is arranged below the feeding mechanism (303). (304) is provided with a discharging plate (306); the drum-type grading device (4) comprises a frame (401), a grading rotating shaft (402), a cage (403), a grading auger piece (404), an inlet (405) and a discharging plate (406); the grading rotating shaft (402) is provided with a grading auger piece (404), the grading rotating shaft (402) and the grading auger piece (404) are arranged inside the cage (403), and the three together constitute a grading component, which is installed on the frame (401) through the grading rotating shaft (402); the inlet (405) is arranged on one side above the frame (401), and the discharging plate (406) is arranged below the grading component; The spiral shell-breaking device (5) is a device for shelling tea fruit, comprising a tea fruit inlet (502), a shell-breaking spiral roller (503), an auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504), an adjustment handle (505), an extrusion shell-breaking mechanism (506), a seed shell outlet (507) and a frame (501). The tea fruit inlet (502) is arranged above the frame (501), and a plurality of inlets are arranged in the tea fruit inlet (502), each of which corresponds to tea fruit of different sizes after the feed is graded. The shell-breaking spiral roller (503) is arranged in the middle of the frame (501) and below the tea fruit inlet (502), and the auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (504) and the shell-breaking spiral roller (503) are arranged horizontally and staggered on the frame. The extrusion shell-breaking mechanism (506) is arranged in the auxiliary shell-breaking mechanism (506). A shell breaking mechanism (504) and a shell breaking spiral roller (503) are arranged above the shell breaking mechanism (506), and the three of them form a shell breaking assembly; an adjustment handle (505) is arranged above the extrusion shell breaking mechanism (506), and the height of the extrusion shell breaking mechanism (506) can be adjusted by adjusting the handle (505); different shell breaking assembly parameters corresponding to different entrances of the oil tea fruit inlet (502) are different to adapt to the shell breaking of oil tea fruits of different sizes, and the seed shell outlet (506) is arranged below the shell breaking assembly; The vibration primary screening device (6) is a device for preliminarily screening the seed shell mixture after shelling, comprising a vibration feed port (607), an upper screen (603), a lower screen (604), an upper discharge port (602), a middle discharge port (601), a lower discharge port (606), a vibrator (605) and a frame (608); the vibration feed port (607) is arranged above the frame (608), the upper screen (603) is arranged below the vibration feed port (607), and the lower screen (604) is arranged below the upper screen (603); the mesh shapes and sizes of the upper screen (603) and the lower screen (604) are different, and the upper discharge port (602), the middle discharge port (601) and the lower discharge port (606) are respectively arranged; The belt-type cleaning device (8) and the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) are devices for finely cleaning the seed husk mixture after the primary selection; The belt-type cleaning device (8) comprises a vibrating feeding mechanism (803), a belt cleaning mechanism (804), an upper discharge port (805), a lower discharge port (801), a stepless angle adjustment mechanism (806), a frame (802) and a tea husk collection box (807); the vibrating feeding mechanism (803) is arranged at the upper end of the frame (802); the belt cleaning mechanism (804) is arranged below the vibrating feeding mechanism (803); the upper end of the belt cleaning mechanism (804) is provided with an upper discharge port (805), the lower end is provided with a lower discharge port (801); a tea husk collection box (806) is arranged below the upper discharge port (805); a stepless angle adjustment mechanism (807) is arranged below the belt cleaning mechanism (804); and the horizontal angle of the belt cleaning mechanism (804) can be adjusted by adjusting the stepless angle adjustment mechanism (807) to adapt to the cleaning of seed husks with different moisture contents; The needle-insertion type cleaning device (9) comprises a vibrating flat feeding mechanism (907), a conveying mechanism (902), a needle roller mechanism (903), a shelling mechanism (904), a tea seed discharge port (901), a tea shell discharge port (906) and a frame (905); the vibrating flat feeding mechanism (907) is arranged above the frame (905) and at the front end of the conveying mechanism (902); the needle roller mechanism (903) and the shelling mechanism (904) form a group of cleaning components; a plurality of groups of cleaning components are provided; a tea seed discharge port (901) is provided at the end of the conveying mechanism (902); and a tea shell discharge port (906) is provided at one side of the shelling mechanism (904).

2. The post-harvest processing equipment for tea fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the grading and feeding device (2) is connected to the tea fruit entrance and exit (103) of the drying room (1), and the other end is connected to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum grading device (4); the discharge plate (306) of the strip (grid) grading device (3) or the feeding plate (406) of the drum grading device (4) is connected to the tea fruit inlet (502) of the spiral shelling device (5), and the grading area discharge ports of each tea fruit grading device correspond to different entrances of the tea fruit inlet (502); the seed shell discharge port (507) of the spiral shelling device (5) is connected to the vibration inlet (607) of the vibration primary selection device (6). The cleaning and feeding device (7) is connected at one end to the middle layer discharge port (601) of the vibrating primary selection device (6), and at the other end to the vibrating flat feeding mechanism (907) of the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) or at the vibrating feeding mechanism (803) of the belt-type cleaning device (8); the tea seed conveying device (10) is connected at one end to the tea seed discharge port (901) of the pin-insertion cleaning device (9) or at the lower discharge port (801) of the belt-type cleaning device (8), and at the other end to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1); the tea seeds obtained after cleaning are collected and sent to the tea seed inlet and outlet (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), and the tea seeds are dried and packaged and sent out after drying.

3. A post-harvest processing process of fresh camellia oleifera fruit according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: pre-treatment of fresh tea fruit: firstly, the fresh tea fruit is piled and fermented for a certain period of time, and then the fresh tea fruit after the composting is naturally dried for a short period of time or the fresh tea fruit is dried and slightly exploded for a short period of time in a drying room (1), so that the moisture on the surface of the shell of the fresh tea fruit evaporates and cracks are generated, so as to reduce the shell breaking force of the tea fruit, reduce the seed breaking rate of the tea seeds, and increase the shell breaking rate of the tea fruit; Step 2: grading the oil-tea fruit: the oil-tea fruit that has been naturally air-dried or dried for a short time is sent to the feeding mechanism (303) of the strip (grid) type grading device (3) or the feeding port (405) of the drum type grading device (4) through the grading feeding device (2) for grading, and the oil-tea fruit is divided into several grades according to size; Step 3, shelling the tea fruit: sending the tea fruit divided into several levels as described in step 2 to different entrances of the tea fruit inlet (502) of the spiral shelling device (5), and shelling them through spiral shelling components with different parameters to obtain a 1# seed shell mixture; Step 4: Seed husk primary selection: The 1# seed husk mixture described in step 3 is sent to the vibrating feed port (607) of the vibrating primary selection device (6), and is initially screened by the vibrating primary selection device (6) to screen out larger and smaller tea husks, shrunken tea seeds, mud and impurities, thereby obtaining a 2# seed husk mixture after primary selection; Step 5: Seed husk cleaning: The 2# seed husk mixture in step 4 is collected and sent to a pin-insertion type cleaning device (9) or a belt type cleaning device (8) for seed husk cleaning through a cleaning and feeding device (7) to obtain tea husks and tea seeds respectively, and the tea husks are collected and packaged; Step 6: The tea seeds obtained by the cleaning in step 5 are sent to the tea seed entrance (104) of the drying room (1) through the tea seed conveying device (10), the tea seeds are dried, and then packaged and sent out.

4. The post-harvest processing process of fresh camellia oleifera fruit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The oil-tea fresh fruit shelling is a multi-directional force-bearing spiral extrusion and shearing shelling method.

5. The post-harvest processing process of fresh camellia oleifera fruit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seed shells are initially selected by vibration screening.

6. The post-harvest processing process of fresh camellia oleifera fruit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The seed husk cleaning is as follows: when a needle-insertion cleaning device (9) is used to clean the seed husk, the cleaning method is a needle roller insertion cleaning method; when a belt-type cleaning device (8) is used to clean the seed husk, the cleaning method is a belt friction cleaning method.

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