Preparation device and preparation method of multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation device and a preparation method of a multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy. The preparation device comprises a reaction chamber; the rapid quenching pressure unit is arranged in the reaction chamber and comprises a gas inlet pipeline and a swirling gas pipeline, at least part of the gas inlet pipeline extends out of the reaction chamber, and the swirling gas pipeline is obliquely arranged at an inclination angle of 45 degrees relative to the gas inlet pipeline; the smelting and rapid quenching unit is arranged in the reaction chamber; the smelting and rapid quenching unit comprises a dripping type crucible arranged in the reaction chamber, a reaction product is stored in the dripping type crucible, and the inlet end of the dripping type crucible is communicated with the gas outlet end of the swirling gas pipeline, so that inert gas moves on the inner wall surface of the dripping type crucible in a spiral form, uniform pressure is applied to the reaction product in a molten state in the dripping type crucible, and the reaction product in the molten state is subjected to continuous reaction; the reaction product is dripped out from the bottom of the drip type crucible, so that the problem that the pressure applied to the to-be-reacted material is not uniform due to the air flow formed by conveying the inert gas into the to-be-reacted material in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the preparation of magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy. Background Art

[0002] In the context of the continuous development and application of hydrogen energy storage technology, solid-state hydrogen storage materials have received extensive attention due to their high storage density and safety. As an important type of solid-state hydrogen storage material, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys have become a research hotspot because of the high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of magnesium and its rich resources. However, the problems of high hydrogen absorption / desorption temperature and slow rate during the hydrogen storage process of magnesium-based alloys limit their widespread promotion in practical applications. To address this technical bottleneck, researchers have proposed and attempted various improvement schemes, including but not limited to material nanosizing, catalyst doping, and alloying.

[0003] In the process of alloying to prepare magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, melting and rapid quenching technologies are one of the key steps. Melting technology is used to mix metal elements into an alloy, while rapid quenching technology is to rapidly cool the alloy after melting to refine the grains and improve the hydrogen storage performance of the material. Currently, common melting and rapid quenching equipment usually includes an independent melting system and a rapid quenching system. This separated structure not only makes the equipment large and the operation complex, but also during the transition process between melting and rapid quenching, the alloy material is prone to composition segregation, affecting the hydrogen storage performance.

[0004] In the apparatus for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, it is necessary to apply pressure to the reaction materials to be processed. However, in the prior art, when delivering an inert gas to the apparatus for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, the gas flow formed by the inert gas will apply uneven pressure to the reaction materials to be processed in the preparation apparatus, affecting the microstructure of the alloy and the final hydrogen storage performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy to solve the problem in the prior art that the gas flow formed by delivering an inert gas to the reaction materials to be processed causes uneven pressure applied to the reaction materials to be processed.

[0006] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, the preparation apparatus comprising:

[0007] A reaction chamber;

[0008] A rapid quenching pressure unit disposed in the reaction chamber, the rapid quenching pressure unit including an intake pipe and a swirling pipe, at least a part of the intake pipe extending outside the reaction chamber, and the swirling pipe being inclined relative to the intake pipe at an inclination angle of 45 degrees;

[0009] The melting and rapid quenching unit is disposed inside the reaction chamber; the melting and rapid quenching unit includes a drip crucible disposed inside the reaction chamber, the drip crucible stores reaction products, and the inlet end of the drip crucible is communicated with the outlet end of the swirling gas pipeline, so as to sequentially transport inert gas into the drip crucible through the inlet pipeline and the swirling gas pipeline, so that the inert gas moves in a spiral form on the inner wall surface of the drip crucible, so as to apply a uniform pressure to the molten reaction products in the drip crucible, so that the reaction products drip out from the bottom of the drip crucible.

[0010] Further, the melting and rapid quenching unit further includes: an induction heating component, the induction heating component is disposed inside the reaction chamber, the induction heating component includes a spiral induction coil, and at least part of the induction coil is disposed outside the drip crucible to perform induction heating on the drip crucible.

[0011] Further, the melting and rapid quenching unit further includes: a gas tray, one side of the gas tray is communicated with the outlet end of the inlet pipeline, the swirling gas pipeline is obliquely disposed inside the gas tray, and the inlet end of the drip crucible is communicated with the swirling gas pipeline through the gas tray.

[0012] Further, the melting and rapid quenching unit further includes: a melting fixing component, the melting fixing component is disposed on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber, the melting fixing component is provided with a fixing hole, and the inlet end of the drip crucible is disposed inside the fixing hole to fix the drip crucible through the fixing hole.

[0013] Further, the inner wall surface of the fixing hole is provided with internal threads, the outer wall surface of the inlet end of the drip crucible is provided with external threads, and the internal threads are adapted to the external threads to fix the drip crucible on the melting fixing component.

[0014] Further, the preparation device further includes a gas replacement unit, and the gas replacement unit includes:

[0015] A replacement inlet and a replacement outlet provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber, the replacement inlet is located below the replacement outlet;

[0016] A vacuum pumping component, the pumping end of the vacuum pumping component is communicated with the replacement outlet to perform vacuum pumping on the air inside the reaction chamber to discharge the air inside the reaction chamber;

[0017] An argon supply component, the outlet of the argon supply component is communicated with the replacement inlet to input argon into the reaction chamber after the vacuum pumping component performs vacuum pumping on the air inside the reaction chamber.

[0018] Further, the preparation device further includes: a collection unit, the collection unit is located below the drip crucible, the collection unit includes a receiving tank and a cooling plate, the cooling plate is nested inside the receiving tank in a matching manner, and the cooling plate contains quenching oil to cool the products dripping out from the bottom of the drip crucible.

[0019] Further, a feed port is provided on one side of the top of the reaction chamber where the intake pipe is located;

[0020] The preparation device further includes a feed pipe, and one end of the feed pipe enters the drip crucible from the feed port to convey reaction raw materials into the drip crucible.

[0021] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy is provided. This preparation method is applicable to the above-mentioned preparation device, and the preparation method includes:

[0022] Adding reaction raw materials into the drip crucible and performing post-treatment to obtain a molten reaction product. The reaction raw materials are magnesium ingots and magnesium-nickel alloys in a set ratio;

[0023] Passing an inert gas into the drip crucible through the intake pipe and the swirling gas pipe, so that after the inert gas is output from the swirling gas pipe, it moves in a spiral form on the inner wall surface of the drip crucible, applying pressure to the molten reaction product, and causing the molten reaction product to drip out from the bottom of the drip crucible to obtain a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy;

[0024] Among them, the set ratio is the weight ratio of magnesium ingots to magnesium-nickel alloys (20:1)-(2:1), preferably the weight ratio of magnesium ingots to magnesium-nickel alloys (6:1)-(4:1).

[0025] Further, the step of adding reaction raw materials into the drip crucible and performing post-treatment to obtain a molten reaction product includes:

[0026] Adding magnesium ingots and magnesium-nickel alloys in a set ratio into the drip crucible;

[0027] Performing a vacuum pumping treatment on the reaction chamber and introducing an inert gas;

[0028] Controlling the heating component to heat the drip crucible, and at the same time controlling the detection component to detect the real-time temperature of the drip crucible;

[0029] When it is determined that the real-time temperature reaches the first set temperature, adding a magnesium-lanthanum alloy into the drip crucible through the feed pipe, and stopping introducing the inert gas into the reaction chamber, and maintaining for the first set duration;

[0030] When it is determined that the real-time temperature reaches the second set temperature, adding a magnesium-zirconium master alloy into the drip crucible through the feed pipe, and maintaining for the second set duration to obtain a molten reaction product.

[0031] Further, after the step of causing the reaction product to drip out from the bottom of the drip crucible, it further includes:

[0032] Obtaining the real-time collection temperature of the material in the receiving tank in the collection unit;

[0033] When it is judged that the temperature collected in real time is room temperature, the quenching oil on the surface of the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy is washed with an organic solvent;

[0034] The multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy after removing the quenching oil is dried to obtain the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy.

[0035] Furthermore, the first set temperature is 650 °C to 750 °C; and / or,

[0036] The amount of magnesium-lanthanum alloy added to the dropping crucible is 2 g to 4 g; and / or,

[0037] The first set time period is 20 min to 40 min; and / or,

[0038] The second set temperature is; and / or,

[0039] The second set time period is 20 min to 50 min; and / or,

[0040] The inert gas is argon.

[0041] Applying the technical solution of the present invention, since the intake pipe in the rapid quenching pressure unit is inclined, the inert gas (argon is used in this embodiment) moves in a spiral form in the dropping crucible, and can uniformly apply pressure to the molten reaction product, avoiding the situation where only the alloy melt in the central part drips out first, and ensuring the uniform dripping of the alloy melt.

[0042] The spiral air flow promotes the rapid cooling of the molten alloy melt during the falling process, thereby inhibiting the growth of grains, realizing the refinement of grains, which helps to improve the hydrogen storage performance and kinetic performance of the alloy, reduce the hydrogen absorption and desorption temperature, and accelerate the hydrogen adsorption and dissociation speed.

[0043] The use of inert gas, such as argon, provides a stable gas protection environment during the preparation process, avoids the use of flammable and explosive gases, and significantly improves the safety of the preparation process.

[0044] The present invention adopts a smelting combined with a push-type rapid quenching process to synthesize the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy in one step, avoiding the problems of composition segregation and element dissolution during multi-step smelting and quenching processes, simplifying the process flow, and improving the production efficiency.

[0045] The preparation device has a simple structure, a high degree of modularization, is easy to scale up, is suitable for mass production, and has high equipment reliability, reducing the production cost. Description of the Drawings

[0046] The accompanying drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0047] Figure 1 Shows a schematic structural diagram of the preparation device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 2 Shows a schematic diagram of the gas disk of the embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 3 Shows a schematic diagram of the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the hydrogen storage material of the embodiment of the present application at 350 degrees.

[0050] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0051] 100, reaction chamber;

[0052] 200, rapid quenching pressure unit; 201, intake pipeline; 202, swirling gas pipeline; 203, first through hole; 204, second through hole; 205, third through hole;

[0053] 300, melting and rapid quenching unit; 301, drip crucible; 302, induction heating component; 303, melting fixing component;

[0054] 400, gas replacement unit; 401, replacement intake port; 402, replacement outlet port;

[0055] 500, collection unit; 501, containment tank;

[0056] 600, feed pipeline; 700, gas disk. Detailed implementation manners

[0057] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0058] In the context of the continuous development and application of hydrogen energy storage technology, solid-state hydrogen storage materials have received extensive attention due to their high storage density and safety. As an important type of solid-state hydrogen storage material, magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloys have become a research hotspot due to the high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of magnesium and its rich resources. However, the problems of high hydrogen absorption and desorption temperature and slow rate during the hydrogen storage process of magnesium-based alloys limit their wide promotion in practical applications. In response to this technical bottleneck, researchers have proposed and tried various improvement schemes, including but not limited to material nanosizing, catalyst doping, and alloying.

[0059] In the process of alloying and preparing magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, smelting and rapid quenching technology is one of the key steps. Smelting technology is used to mix metal elements into alloys, while rapid quenching technology is to quickly cool the alloy after it is melted to refine the grains and improve the hydrogen storage performance of the material. At present, common smelting and rapid quenching equipment usually includes independent smelting systems and rapid quenching systems. This separate structure is not only bulky and complex to operate, but also in the transition process between smelting and rapid quenching, the alloy material is prone to composition segregation, which affects the hydrogen storage performance.

[0060] In a device for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, it is necessary to apply pressure to the reacted material. However, in the prior art, when an inert gas is transported into a device for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, the airflow formed by the inert gas will apply uneven pressure to the reacted material in the preparation device, thereby affecting the microstructure of the alloy and the final hydrogen storage performance.

[0061] The present application first provides a multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device, comprising:

[0062] Reaction chamber 100;

[0063] The rapid quenching pressure unit 200 is disposed in the reaction chamber 100. The rapid quenching pressure unit 200 includes an air inlet pipe 201 and a cyclone pipe 202. At least a portion of the air inlet pipe 201 extends out of the reaction chamber 100. The cyclone pipe 202 is inclined relative to the air inlet pipe 201 at an angle of 45 degrees.

[0064] The smelting and quenching unit 300 is arranged in the reaction chamber 100; the smelting and quenching unit 300 includes a dripping crucible 301 arranged in the reaction chamber 100, and the dripping crucible 301 stores reaction products. The inlet end of the dripping crucible 301 is connected to the outlet end of the cyclone pipe 202, so that inert gas is transported into the dripping crucible 301 through the inlet pipe 201 and the cyclone pipe 202 in sequence, so that the inert gas moves in a spiral form on the inner wall of the dripping crucible 301, so as to apply uniform pressure to the reaction product in a molten state in the dripping crucible 301, so that the reaction product drips out from the bottom of the dripping crucible 301.

[0065] Specifically, Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, the preparation device for the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a reaction chamber 100. A rapid quenching pressure unit 200 is arranged in the reaction chamber 100. The rapid quenching pressure unit 200 includes an intake pipeline 201. One end of the intake pipeline 201 extends into the reaction chamber 100 from the top of the reaction chamber 100 to convey an inert gas into the reaction chamber 100 through the intake pipeline 201. Among them, the inert gas used in this embodiment is argon. The outlet end of the intake pipeline 201 is communicated with an intake pipeline 201. The intake pipeline 201 is inclined. The inert gas enters the swirling gas pipeline 202 from the intake pipeline 201. Also, since the outlet end of the swirling gas pipeline 202 is at the inlet end of the drip crucible 301, when the inert gas contacts the inner wall surface of the drip crucible 301, it will apply a uniform pressure to the molten reaction product in the drip crucible 301 in a spiral form, so that the molten reaction product can drip out from the bottom of the drip crucible 301. Because the inert gas presents a spiral movement in the drip crucible 301, the molten reaction product in the drip crucible 301 will descend evenly, rather than only the reaction product in the innermost small part dripping out first.

[0066] The reaction chamber 100 includes a reaction chamber body. The reaction chamber body has an opening. The reaction chamber 100 further includes a cover for opening or closing the opening. A first through hole 203 is provided on the cover. The intake pipeline 201 extends in from the first through hole 203. A second through hole 204 is further provided on the cover. The feed pipeline 600 extends in from the second through hole 204. A third through hole 205 is further provided on the cover. The swirling gas pipeline 202 enters from the third through hole.

[0067] Since the intake pipeline 201 in the rapid quenching pressure unit 200 is inclined, the inert gas (argon is used in this embodiment) moves in a spiral form in the drip crucible 301, which can uniformly apply pressure to the molten reaction product, avoiding the situation that only the alloy melt in the central part drips out first, and ensuring the uniform dripping of the alloy melt.

[0068] The spiral air flow promotes the rapid cooling of the molten alloy melt after it falls into the collection unit 500.

[0069] The use of an inert gas, such as argon, provides a stable gas protection environment during the preparation process, avoids the use of flammable and explosive gases, and significantly improves the safety of the preparation process.

[0070] The present invention adopts a melting and injection-type rapid quenching process to synthesize the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy in one step, avoiding the problems of composition segregation and element dissolution during multi-step melting and quenching, simplifying the process flow, and improving the production efficiency.

[0071] The preparation device has a simple structure, a high degree of modularization, is easy to scale up, is suitable for mass production, and has high equipment reliability, reducing production costs.

[0072] Furthermore, the melting and rapid quenching unit 300 further includes: an induction heating component 302, which is arranged in the reaction chamber 100. The induction heating component 302 includes a spiral induction coil, and at least part of the induction coil is arranged outside the drip crucible 301 to perform induction heating on the drip crucible 301.

[0073] Specifically, the melting and rapid quenching unit 300 further includes an induction heating component 302 arranged in the reaction chamber 100 and surrounding the outside of the drip crucible 301. The induction heating component 302 includes a spiral induction coil to heat the material in the drip crucible 301.

[0074] The design of using a spiral induction coil as the heating component to surround the outside of the drip crucible can bring the following technical effects:

[0075] The spiral induction coil can cause the entire drip crucible 301 to generate an induced current to achieve uniform heating, thereby ensuring that the material in the drip crucible 301 is heated evenly, avoiding inconsistent melt composition and uneven grain size caused by local overheating or uneven heating.

[0076] The induction heating component 302 surrounding the drip crucible 301 can promote the full fusion of alloy elements, ensure the uniformity of alloy composition, and is conducive to forming an alloy material with excellent hydrogen storage performance.

[0077] Furthermore, the melting and rapid quenching unit 300 further includes: an air disc 700. One side of the air disc 700 is communicated with the outlet end of the intake pipe 201. The swirling air pipe 202 is obliquely arranged in the air disc 700. The inlet end of the drip crucible 301 is communicated with the swirling air pipe 202 through the air disc 700.

[0078] Specifically, the melting and rapid quenching unit 300 further includes a detection component connected to the induction heating component 302. The detection end of the detection component is at the inlet end of the drip crucible 301 for real-time detection of the temperature of the drip crucible 301. When the temperature reaches the set temperature, an inert gas needs to be conveyed into the drip crucible 301 through the swirling air pipe 202 above the drip crucible 301 to apply downward pressure so that the molten alloy can drip out from the outlet of the drip crucible 301.

[0079] The rapid melting and quenching unit 300 further includes an air disk 700. A plurality of swirling air pipes 202 are arranged inside the air disk 700. The air inlet of the air disk 700 is communicated with the air outlet of the air inlet pipe 201. When entering the air disk 700 from the air inlet pipe 201, it will be shunted by the four swirling air pipes 202, so as to realize that the air flow output from the swirling air pipe 202 can move in a spiral form on the inner wall of the drip crucible 301. Among them, the inlet end of the drip crucible 301 is threadedly connected to the air disk 700.

[0080] The detection component detects the temperature of the drip crucible 301 in real time, so as to deliver inert gas into the drip crucible 301 after the temperature reaches the set temperature, realizing the intelligence and automation of the gas delivery process.

[0081] The interlocking control of the detection component and the induction heating component 302 enables the temperature to be quickly and accurately adjusted to the required level while the pressure is applied, avoiding the adverse effects of temperature adjustment lag on the cooling rate and the grain refinement effect.

[0082] The introduction of the air disk 700 shunts the inert gas through the four swirling air pipes 202, ensuring the uniform distribution of the gas in the drip crucible 301, further optimizing the uniformity of the pressure application, and being conducive to the uniform preparation of the alloy material.

[0083] The gas moves in a spiral form in the four swirling air pipes 202, which can provide a uniform downward pressure, so that the molten alloy uniformly drips into the quenching oil below through the drip port of the drip crucible 301 to complete the rapid quenching process, achieving the effect of grain refinement.

[0084] The combined use of the detection component and the induction heating component 302, as well as the precise management of the air flow by the air disk 700, makes the control of key parameters (such as pressure, temperature, gas flow rate) in the preparation process more precise, which is conducive to obtaining alloy materials with consistent performance.

[0085] The integrated design of the detection component, the induction heating component 302 and the air disk 700 improves the integration and automation level of the equipment, simplifies the operation process, reduces the possibility of human errors, and enhances the safety and stability of production.

[0086] Furthermore, the rapid melting and quenching unit 300 further includes: a melting fixing component 303. The melting fixing component 303 is arranged on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber 100. The melting fixing component 303 is provided with a fixing hole, and the inlet end of the drip crucible 301 is arranged in the fixing hole to fix the drip crucible 301 through the fixing hole.

[0087] Further, the inner wall surface of the fixing hole is provided with internal threads, and the outer wall surface of the inlet end of the drip-type crucible 301 is provided with external threads. The internal threads are adapted to the external threads to fix the drip-type crucible 301 on the melting and fixing component 303.

[0088] Specifically, the rapid melting and quenching unit 300 further includes a melting and fixing component 303. The melting and fixing component 303 is arranged on the inner wall of the reaction chamber 100. A fixing hole is provided on the melting and fixing component 303. At least a part of the inlet end of the drip-type crucible 301 is arranged in the fixing hole. The inner wall surface of the fixing hole is provided with internal threads, and the outer wall surface of the inlet end of the drip-type crucible 301 is provided with external threads. The internal threads and the external threads are used in cooperation to fix the drip-type crucible 301 on the melting and fixing component 303.

[0089] The threaded connection between the fixing hole on the melting and fixing component 303 and the inlet end of the drip-type crucible 301 ensures the stable positioning of the drip-type crucible 301 during the heating and rapid quenching processes, avoids the displacement of the crucible caused by equipment vibration or improper operation, and guarantees the smooth progress of the process flow.

[0090] The design of the threaded connection makes the installation and disassembly of the drip-type crucible 301 very fast, facilitates the maintenance and cleaning of the equipment, and improves the production efficiency.

[0091] The internal threads on the inner wall surface of the fixing hole are closely matched with the external threads on the outer wall surface of the drip-type crucible 301, improving the sealing performance of the device, preventing the intrusion of external air or moisture, ensuring the melting and rapid quenching processes under the protection of inert gas, and being beneficial to the preparation quality of the alloy material.

[0092] The design of the fixing hole ensures the precise alignment of the inlet end of the drip-type crucible 301 with the swirling gas pipeline 202, guarantees that the gas can accurately enter the crucible, and achieves the goals of gas spiral movement and uniform pressure application to the molten reaction products.

[0093] The threaded connection not only provides good sealing performance, but also enhances the structural strength between the drip-type crucible 301 and the melting and fixing component 303, improves the durability and reliability of the equipment, and reduces the maintenance cost.

[0094] Further, the preparation device further includes a gas replacement unit 400. The gas replacement unit 400 includes:

[0095] A replacement air inlet 401 and a replacement air outlet 402 provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber 100. The replacement air inlet 401 is located below the replacement air outlet 402;

[0096] A vacuum pumping component. The pumping end of the vacuum pumping component is communicated with the replacement air outlet 402 to evacuate the air in the reaction chamber 100 to discharge the air in the reaction chamber 100;

[0097] An argon supply component, the outlet of the argon supply component is communicated with the replacement air inlet 401, so as to input argon into the reaction chamber 100 after the vacuum pumping component evacuates the air in the reaction chamber 100.

[0098] A collection unit 500, the collection unit 500 is located below the drip crucible 301, the collection unit 500 includes a containing component and quenching oil in the containing component, the containing component includes a containing tank 501 and a cold water pipe laid on the inner wall of the containing tank 501, so as to cool the quenching oil through the cold water pipe to cool the product dripping from the bottom of the drip crucible 301 to achieve rapid quenching.

[0099] Specifically, the preparation device further includes a gas replacement unit 400, the gas replacement unit 400 includes a replacement air inlet 401 and a replacement air outlet 402 arranged on the side wall of the reaction chamber 100, wherein the replacement air inlet 401 is located below the replacement air outlet 402, the preparation device further includes a vacuum pumping component, the pumping end of the vacuum pumping component is communicated with the replacement air outlet 402, and can pump out the air in the reaction chamber 100 through the replacement air outlet 402, and the argon supply component transports argon into the reaction chamber 100 through the replacement air inlet 401, and this is repeated 3 times, that is, first evacuate the reaction chamber 100, then transport argon into the reaction chamber 100, then evacuate the reaction chamber 100 again, and continue to transport argon, repeat three times, and the gas replacement can be completed. A collection unit 500 is arranged below the drip crucible 301, the collection unit 500 includes a containing tank 501 and a cooling plate nested inside the containing tank 501, the cooling plate is filled with quenching oil, and the temperature of the quenching oil can be controlled through the cooling plate, so as to be able to cool the product dripping from the bottom of the drip crucible 301, wherein the cooling plate is adapted to the shape of the containing tank 501.

[0100] The design that the replacement air inlet 401 is located below the replacement air outlet 402 makes use of the gas density difference, so that argon can enter the reaction chamber 100 from the bottom, and air is pumped out from the top, thus realizing efficient gas replacement. The use of the vacuum pumping component further purifies the environment in the reaction chamber 100, ensures that the whole preparation process is carried out under the protection of inert gas, and prevents the oxidation of the alloy material during melting and rapid quenching.

[0101] Through the precise control of the gas replacement unit 400, the specific atmosphere conditions required in the reaction chamber 100 can be maintained, which is crucial for the preparation of alloy materials, ensures the stability during the preparation process, and is beneficial to improving the performance of alloy materials.

[0102] Using argon as the protective gas significantly improves the safety of operation compared to other gases such as hydrogen or oxygen, because argon is non-flammable and non-explosive, reducing the risk of accidents.

[0103] The collection unit 500 disposed below the drip crucible 301 includes a housing component and quenching oil. The housing component includes a storage tank 501 and a cold water pipe. This setting method can achieve rapid and uniform cooling of the alloy melt and can complete block quenching when the molten alloy falls into the quenching oil.

[0104] The reasonable layout of the replacement inlet 401 and the replacement outlet 402 and the use of the vacuum pumping component reduce the energy consumption required for gas replacement. The setting of the storage tank 501 reduces the loss of quenching oil and also reduces the difficulty and cost of subsequent processing.

[0105] Further, the preparation device further includes: a feed port is also provided on one side of the intake pipe 201 at the top of the reaction chamber 100;

[0106] The preparation device further includes a feed pipe 600. One end of the feed pipe 600 enters the drip crucible 301 from the feed port to convey reaction raw materials into the drip crucible 301.

[0107] Specifically, the preparation device further includes a feed port provided on one side of the intake pipe 201 at the top of the reaction chamber 100, and the discharge end of the feed port is communicated with the drip crucible 301.

[0108] The feed port is directly connected to the drip crucible 301, simplifying the process of adding raw materials, avoiding contamination and loss during the raw material transfer process that may exist in the traditional feeding method, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of raw material addition.

[0109] The top-feed design facilitates precise control of the amount of raw materials added. Especially when adding a small amount of additives, it can ensure that the additives are accurately put into the crucible, avoiding uneven distribution of raw materials caused by improper feeding position and affecting the alloy properties.

[0110] The feed port is provided at the top of the reaction chamber 100 and is connected to the drip crucible 301. When adding raw materials, the operator does not need to directly contact the high-temperature melt, reducing the operation risk and improving the safety during the production process.

[0111] The direct connection between the top feed port and the drip crucible 301, combined with the action of the induction heating component 302, can quickly mix the newly added raw materials with the original melt, improving the uniformity of raw material mixing and facilitating the preparation of alloy materials with consistent properties.

[0112] Furthermore, the present application also provides a method for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy. This preparation method is applicable to the above-mentioned preparation device, and the preparation method includes:

[0113] Add reaction raw materials into the drip crucible 301 and perform post-treatment to obtain a molten reaction product. The reaction raw materials are magnesium ingots and magnesium-nickel alloy in a set ratio;

[0114] Pass an inert gas into the drip crucible 301 through the intake pipe 201 and the swirling gas pipe 202, so that after the inert gas is output from the swirling gas pipe 202, it moves in a spiral form on the inner wall surface of the drip crucible 301, apply pressure to the molten reaction product, and make the molten reaction product drip out from the bottom of the drip crucible 301 to obtain a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy;

[0115] Among them, the set ratio is the weight ratio of magnesium ingots to magnesium-nickel alloy (20:1)-(2:1), preferably the weight ratio of magnesium ingots to magnesium-nickel alloy (6:1)-(4:1).

[0116] Furthermore, the step of adding reaction raw materials into the drip crucible 301 and performing post-treatment to obtain a molten reaction product includes:

[0117] Add the set ratio of magnesium ingots and magnesium-nickel alloy into the drip crucible 301;

[0118] Vacuum the reaction chamber 100 and introduce an inert gas;

[0119] Control the induction heating component 302 to heat the drip crucible 301, and at the same time control the detection component to detect the real-time temperature of the drip crucible 301;

[0120] When it is determined that the real-time temperature reaches the first set temperature, add magnesium-lanthanum alloy into the drip crucible 301 through the feed pipe 600, and stop introducing the inert gas into the reaction chamber 100, and maintain for the first set duration;

[0121] When it is determined that the real-time temperature reaches the second set temperature, add magnesium-zirconium master alloy into the drip crucible 301 through the feed pipe 600, and maintain for the second set duration to obtain a molten reaction product.

[0122] Furthermore, after the step of making the reaction product drip out from the bottom of the drip crucible 301, it further includes:

[0123] Obtain the real-time collection temperature of the material in the receiving tank 501 of the collection unit 500;

[0124] When it is determined that the real-time collection temperature is room temperature, wash the quenching oil on the surface of the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy with an organic solvent;

[0125] The multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy after removing the quenching oil is dried to obtain the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy.

[0126] Further, the first set temperature is 650°C to 750°C; and / or,

[0127] The amount of the magnesium-lanthanum alloy added to the drip crucible 301 is 2 g to 4 g; and / or,

[0128] The first set duration is 20 min to 40 min; and / or,

[0129] The second set temperature is; and / or,

[0130] The second set duration is 20 min to 50 min; and / or,

[0131] The inert gas is argon.

[0132] Therefore, the purpose of this application is to provide a preparation method of a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy for the above problems.

[0133] Specifically, a preparation method of a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy provided by this application includes:

[0134] Add magnesium ingots and magnesium-nickel alloy in a set ratio to the drip crucible 301. Then, use the evacuation hole component to evacuate the reaction chamber 100, and while evacuating, convey an inert gas into the reaction chamber 100 to discharge the air in the reaction chamber 100, ensuring that the reaction chamber 100 is in an argon environment. Control the induction heating component 302 to heat the drip crucible 301. When it is determined that the real-time temperature of the drip crucible 301 is the first set temperature (the first set temperature is 650 °C to 750 °C in this embodiment, preferably 710 °C to 730 °C), convey argon into the reaction chamber 100 again to ensure that the reaction chamber 100 is in a positive pressure state, and add magnesium-lanthanum alloy into the drip crucible 301 through the feed pipe 600. Stop conveying argon into the reaction chamber 100 and maintain the first preset duration (the first preset duration is 20 min to 40 min in this embodiment, preferably 30 min). Continue to heat the drip crucible 301. When it is determined that the real-time temperature is the second set temperature (the second set temperature is 740 °C to 850 °C in this embodiment, preferably 790 °C to 810 °C), convey a small amount of argon into the reaction chamber 100 again to ensure that the reaction chamber 100 is in a slightly positive pressure state. Then, add magnesium-zirconium master alloy into the drip crucible 301 through the feed pipe 600 and maintain the second set duration (the second preset duration is 20 min to 50 min in this embodiment, preferably 30 min). Then, when the real-time temperature is the third preset temperature (the third preset temperature is 700 °C to 800 °C in this embodiment, preferably 750 °C to 770 °C), convey a small amount of argon into the drip crucible 301 through the intake pipe 201 to apply pressure to the reaction product in the molten state, so that the reaction product in the drip crucible 301 gradually drips out at the bottom of the drip crucible 301 under the action of gas pressure. Obtain the real-time collection temperature of the product in the receiving tank 501 of the collection unit 500. When it is determined that the real-time collection temperature is room temperature, collect the product and wash it multiple times with an organic solvent to wash off the quenching oil in the product, and then place it in a vacuum drying oven for drying, as Figure 3 As shown, the abscissa represents the hydrogen storage capacity, and the ordinate represents the pressure. This figure shows that when the test temperature of the hydrogen storage material is 350 °C, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity can reach 6.7 wt%.

[0135] Example 1

[0136] (1) Add 108 g of magnesium ingots and 8 g of magnesium-nickel alloy to the drip crucible. Connect the drip crucible to the reaction chamber and the rapid melting and quenching unit provided on the reaction chamber through the melting and fixing component. Then, use the gas replacement unit to evacuate the reaction chamber and replace the atmosphere to discharge the air, and introduce argon into the reaction chamber to ensure an argon gas environment in the entire reaction chamber;

[0137] (2) After starting the heating component to heat the drip crucible to 680 °C, a small amount of argon is introduced into the reaction chamber through the argon supply component in the gas displacement unit to ensure that the reaction chamber is in a slightly positive pressure state. 4 g of magnesium-lanthanum alloy is added into the drip crucible through the feed pipe, the intake pipe is closed, and the supply of argon is stopped, and it is maintained for 20 min;

[0138] (3) Control the heating component to continue heating the drip crucible. When the temperature in the drip crucible continues to rise to 740 °C, a small amount of argon is introduced into the reaction chamber through the gas displacement unit to ensure that the reaction chamber is in a slightly positive pressure state. 2 g of magnesium-zirconium master alloy is added into the drip crucible in batches slowly through the feed pipe, the intake pipe is closed, and the supply of argon is stopped, and it is maintained for 20 min;

[0139] (4) When the temperature of the molten reaction product in the drip crucible drops to 810 °C and is maintained for 30 min, the intake pipe is opened, and argon is introduced into the drip crucible through the intake pipe to form a micro-pressure, and a certain intake volume is maintained to press the alloy solution out of the drip crucible and drop it into the quenching oil to complete the rapid quenching process.

[0140] (5) Wait until there is no alloy solution dripping, and wait until the reaction chamber cools down to room temperature. Collect the reaction product, wash it with an organic solvent multiple times to remove the excess quenching oil, and place it in a vacuum drying oven for drying.

[0141] (6) Perform the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance test on the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy material obtained in this example. Under the constant temperature condition of 250 °C, the maximum hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen storage material is 3.36 wt.%.

[0142] Example 2

[0143] (1) Add 108 g of magnesium ingot and 8 g of magnesium-nickel alloy into the drip crucible. Connect the drip crucible to the reaction chamber and the melting and rapid quenching unit provided on the reaction chamber through the melting fixing component. Then use the gas displacement unit to evacuate and displace the atmosphere in the reaction chamber to discharge air, and introduce argon into the reaction chamber to ensure the argon gas environment in the whole reaction chamber;

[0144] (2) After starting the heating component to heat the drip crucible to 750 °C, a small amount of argon is introduced into the reaction chamber through the argon supply component in the gas displacement unit to ensure that the reaction chamber is in a slightly positive pressure state. 8 g of magnesium-lanthanum alloy is added into the drip crucible through the feed pipe, the intake pipe is closed, and the supply of argon is stopped, and it is maintained for 30 min;

[0145] (3) Control the heating component to continue heating the drip crucible. When the temperature in the drip crucible continues to rise to 850 °C, introduce a small amount of argon into the reaction chamber through the gas displacement unit to ensure that the reaction chamber is in a slightly positive pressure state. Slowly add 2 g of magnesium-zirconium master alloy into the drip crucible in batches through the feed pipe, close the intake pipe, and stop introducing argon, and maintain for 30 min;

[0146] (4) When the temperature of the molten reaction product in the drip crucible drops to 800 °C and is maintained for 40 min, open the intake pipe, introduce argon into the drip crucible through the intake pipe to form a micro-pressure, and maintain a certain intake volume to press the alloy solution out of the drip crucible and drop it into the quenching oil to complete the rapid quenching process.

[0147] (5) Wait until there is no alloy solution dripping, and wait until the reaction chamber cools down to room temperature. Collect the reaction product, wash it with an organic solvent multiple times to remove the excess quenching oil, and place it in a vacuum drying oven for drying.

[0148] (6) Test the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy material obtained in this example. Under the constant temperature condition of 250 °C, the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material is 4.12 wt.%.

[0149] Example 3

[0150] (1) Add 96 g of magnesium ingots and 20 g of magnesium-nickel alloy into the drip crucible. Connect the drip crucible to the reaction chamber and the rapid melting and quenching unit provided on the reaction chamber through the melting fixing component. Then use the gas displacement unit to evacuate the reaction chamber and displace the atmosphere to discharge air, and introduce argon into the reaction chamber to ensure an argon gas environment throughout the reaction chamber;

[0151] (2) After turning on the heating component and heating the drip crucible to 720 °C, introduce a small amount of argon into the reaction chamber through the argon supply component in the gas displacement unit to ensure that the reaction chamber is in a slightly positive pressure state. Add 4 g of magnesium-lanthanum alloy into the drip crucible through the feed pipe, close the intake pipe, and stop introducing argon, and maintain for 30 min;

[0152] (3) Control the heating component to continue heating the drip crucible. When the temperature in the drip crucible continues to rise to 800 °C, introduce a small amount of argon into the reaction chamber through the gas displacement unit to ensure that the reaction chamber is in a slightly positive pressure state. Slowly add 4 g of magnesium-zirconium master alloy into the drip crucible in batches through the feed pipe, close the intake pipe, and stop introducing argon, and maintain for 20 min;

[0153] (4) After the temperature of the reaction product in the dropping crucible in the molten state drops to 760 °C and is maintained for 50 min, open the intake pipeline, add argon into the dropping crucible through the intake pipeline to form a micro-pressure, and keep a certain intake volume to press out the alloy solution from the dropping crucible and drop it into the quenching oil to complete the rapid quenching process.

[0154] (5) Wait until there is no alloy solution dropping, and then stop. Wait until the reaction chamber cools down to room temperature, collect the reaction product, wash it with an organic solvent multiple times to remove the excess quenching oil, and put it into a vacuum drying oven for drying.

[0155] (6) Test the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy material obtained in this example. Under the constant temperature condition of 250 °C, the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage material is 6.76 wt.%.

[0156] Example 4

[0157] (1) Add 96 g of magnesium ingot and 20 g of magnesium-nickel alloy into the dropping crucible. Connect the dropping crucible to the reaction chamber and the quick quenching unit connected to the reaction chamber through the melting fixing component. Then use the gas displacement unit to evacuate and displace the atmosphere in the reaction chamber to discharge air, and introduce argon into the reaction chamber to ensure an argon gas environment in the whole reaction chamber.

[0158] (2) After starting the heating component to heat the dropping crucible to 740 °C, introduce a small amount of argon into the reaction chamber through the argon supply component in the gas displacement unit to ensure a slightly positive pressure state in the reaction chamber. Add 6 g of magnesium-lanthanum alloy into the dropping crucible through the feeding pipeline, close the intake pipeline, and stop introducing argon, and maintain for 40 min.

[0159] (3) Control the heating component to continue heating the dropping crucible. When the temperature in the dropping crucible continues to rise to 830 °C, introduce a small amount of argon into the reaction chamber through the gas displacement unit to ensure a slightly positive pressure state in the reaction chamber. Slowly add 6 g of magnesium-zirconium master alloy into the dropping crucible in batches through the feeding pipeline, close the intake pipeline, and stop introducing argon, and maintain for 40 min.

[0160] (4) After the temperature of the reaction product in the dropping crucible in the molten state drops to 830 °C and is maintained for 30 min, open the intake pipeline, add argon into the dropping crucible through the intake pipeline to form a micro-pressure, and keep a certain intake volume to press out the alloy solution from the dropping crucible and drop it into the quenching oil to complete the rapid quenching process.

[0161] (5) Wait until there is no alloy solution dropping, and then stop. Wait until the reaction chamber cools down to room temperature, collect the reaction product, wash it with an organic solvent multiple times to remove the excess quenching oil, and put it into a vacuum drying oven for drying.

[0162] (6) The hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy material obtained in this embodiment was tested. Under the constant temperature condition of 250 °C, the maximum hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen storage material was 5.28 wt.%.

[0163] Example 5

[0164] (1) 96 g of magnesium ingots and 30 g of magnesium-nickel alloy were added to a drip-type crucible. The drip-type crucible was connected to the reaction chamber and the quick quenching unit connected to the reaction chamber through a melting fixing component. Then, the gas displacement unit was used to evacuate the reaction chamber and displace the atmosphere to discharge air, and argon gas was introduced into the reaction chamber to ensure an argon gas environment throughout the reaction chamber.

[0165] (2) After the heating component was turned on and the drip-type crucible was heated to 700 °C, a small amount of argon gas was introduced into the reaction chamber through the argon gas supply component in the gas displacement unit to ensure a slightly positive pressure state in the reaction chamber. 10 g of magnesium-lanthanum alloy was added to the drip-type crucible through the feed pipe, the intake pipe was closed, and the argon gas supply was stopped, and it was maintained for 40 min.

[0166] (3) The heating component was controlled to continue heating the drip-type crucible. When the temperature in the drip-type crucible continued to rise to 770 °C, a small amount of argon gas was introduced into the reaction chamber through the gas displacement unit to ensure a slightly positive pressure state in the reaction chamber. 6 g of magnesium-zirconium master alloy was slowly added to the drip-type crucible in batches through the feed pipe, the intake pipe was closed, and the argon gas supply was stopped, and it was maintained for 40 min.

[0167] (4) When the temperature of the molten reaction product in the drip-type crucible decreased to 730 °C and was maintained for 60 min, the intake pipe was opened, and argon gas was introduced into the drip-type crucible through the intake pipe to form a slight pressure, and a certain intake amount was maintained to press the alloy solution out of the drip-type crucible and drop it into the quenching oil to complete the rapid quenching process.

[0168] (5) Wait until there is no alloy solution dripping, and wait until the reaction chamber cools down to room temperature. The reaction product was collected, washed with an organic solvent multiple times to remove the excess quenching oil, and placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying.

[0169] (6) The hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy material obtained in this embodiment was tested. Under the constant temperature condition of 250 °C, the maximum hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen storage material was 5.03 wt.%.

[0170] It should be noted that the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms are also intended to include the plural forms. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0171] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements of the components and steps, numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for the sake of convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the specification. In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0172] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal", and "top, bottom" are generally based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Without contrary description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention; the orientation words "inner, outer" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contour of each component itself.

[0173] For ease of description, spatial relative terms, such as "above", "over", "on the upper surface", "upper", etc., may be used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of one device or feature to other devices or features as shown in the figures. It should be understood that the spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, a device described as "above" or "over" other devices or structures will then be positioned "below" or "under" the other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both orientations of "above" and "below". The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and corresponding interpretations of the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be made.

[0174] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is only for the convenience of differentiating the corresponding components. Without additional statements, these terms have no special meanings, and thus should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0175] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for preparing a multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, characterized in that: include: A reaction chamber (100); A rapid quenching pressure unit (200) is arranged in the reaction chamber (100), the rapid quenching pressure unit (200) comprising an air intake pipe (201) and a cyclone pipe (202), at least a portion of the air intake pipe (201) extends out of the reaction chamber (100), and the cyclone pipe (202) is arranged at an inclination angle of 45 degrees relative to the air intake pipe (201); A smelting and rapid quenching unit (300) is arranged in the reaction chamber (100); the smelting and rapid quenching unit (300) comprises a dripping crucible (301) arranged in the reaction chamber (100), a reaction product is stored in the dripping crucible (301), an inlet end of the dripping crucible (301) is connected to a gas outlet end of the cyclone pipe (202), an inert gas is transported into the dripping crucible (301) through the gas inlet pipe (201) and the cyclone pipe (202) in sequence, so that the inert gas moves in a spiral form on the inner wall surface of the dripping crucible (301), and a uniform pressure is applied to the reaction product in a molten state in the dripping crucible (301), so that the reaction product drips out from the bottom of the dripping crucible (301).

2. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smelting and quenching unit (300) further comprises: An induction heating component (302) is disposed in the reaction chamber (100), and comprises a spiral induction coil, at least a portion of which is disposed outside the hourglass-type crucible (301) to perform induction heating on the hourglass-type crucible (301).

3. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The smelting and quenching unit (300) further comprises: A gas disk (700), one side of which is connected to the gas outlet end of the gas inlet pipe (201), the cyclone pipe (202) is obliquely arranged in the gas disk (700), and the inlet end of the drip-type crucible (301) is connected to the cyclone pipe (202) through the gas disk (700).

4. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smelting and quenching unit (300) further comprises: A smelting fixing component (303), wherein the smelting fixing component (303) is arranged on the inner wall surface of the reaction chamber (100), and a fixing hole is provided on the smelting fixing component (303), and the inlet end of the drip-type crucible (301) is arranged in the fixing hole, so as to fix the drip-type crucible (301) through the fixing hole.

5. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall surface of the fixing hole is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall surface of the inlet end of the drip-type crucible (301) is provided with an external thread, and the internal thread is matched with the external thread to fix the drip-type crucible (301) on the smelting fixing component (303).

6. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation device further comprises a gas replacement unit (400), wherein the gas replacement unit (400) comprises: A replacement gas inlet (401) and a replacement gas outlet (402) are arranged on the side wall of the reaction chamber (100), wherein the replacement gas inlet (401) is located below the replacement gas outlet (402); a vacuum pumping component, wherein the vacuum pumping end of the vacuum pumping component is in communication with the replacement gas outlet (402) so as to perform a vacuum pumping process on the air in the reaction chamber (100) so as to discharge the air in the reaction chamber (100); An argon supply component, wherein the gas outlet of the argon supply component is connected to the replacement gas inlet (401) so as to input argon gas into the reaction chamber (100) after the vacuum pumping component performs a vacuum treatment on the air in the reaction chamber (100).

7. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation device also includes: A collecting unit (500), the collecting unit (500) is located below the drip-type crucible (301), the collecting unit (500) comprises a containing tank (501) and a cooling plate, the cooling plate and the containing tank (501) are adaptively nested inside the containing tank (501), the cooling plate contains quenching oil to cool the product dripping from the bottom of the drip-type crucible (301).

8. The multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed inlet is also provided at the top of the reaction chamber (100) on one side of the air inlet pipe (201); The preparation device further comprises a feed pipe (600), one end of which enters into the drip-type crucible (301) from the feed port to transport reaction raw materials into the drip-type crucible (301).

9. A method for preparing a multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy, characterized in that: The preparation method is applied to the multi-component magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy preparation device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and the preparation method comprises: Adding reaction raw materials into a drip-type crucible (301), and performing post-processing to obtain a molten reaction product, wherein the reaction raw materials are magnesium ingots and magnesium-nickel alloys in a set ratio; Inert gas is introduced into the dripping crucible (301) through an air inlet pipe (201) and a cyclone pipe (202), so that the inert gas moves in a spiral form on the inner wall surface of the dripping crucible (301) after being output from the cyclone pipe (202), so as to apply pressure to the molten reaction product and make the molten reaction product drip out from the bottom of the dripping crucible (301), so as to obtain the multinary magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy; The set ratio is a weight ratio of the magnesium ingot to the magnesium-nickel alloy of (20:1) to (2:1), preferably a weight ratio of the magnesium ingot to the magnesium-nickel alloy of (6:1) to (4:1).

10. The method for preparing a multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of adding the reaction raw materials into the drip-type crucible (301) and performing post-treatment to obtain the reaction product in a molten state comprises: Adding the magnesium ingot and the magnesium-nickel alloy in the set ratio into the drip-shaped crucible (301); The reaction chamber (100) is subjected to a vacuum treatment and the inert gas is introduced into the reaction chamber; Controlling the induction heating component (302) to heat the hourglass-shaped crucible (301), and controlling the detection component to detect the real-time temperature of the hourglass-shaped crucible (301); When it is determined that the real-time temperature reaches a first set temperature, magnesium-lanthanum alloy is added into the drip-type crucible (301) through a feed pipe (600), and the inert gas is stopped from being introduced into the reaction chamber (100) to maintain the first set time; When it is determined that the real-time temperature reaches the second set temperature, magnesium-zirconium master alloy is added into the drip-type crucible (301) through the feed pipe (600) and maintained for the second set time to obtain the molten reaction product.

11. The method for preparing a multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 10, characterized in that: After the step of the reaction product dripping out from the bottom of the drip-type crucible (301), the method further comprises: Acquiring the real-time collection temperature of the material in the holding tank (501) in the collection unit (500); When it is determined that the real-time collection temperature is room temperature, washing the quenching oil on the surface of the multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy with an organic solvent; The multinary magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy after the quenching oil is removed is dried to obtain the multinary magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy.

12. The method for preparing a multi-element magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first set temperature is 650° C. to 750° C.; and / or, The amount of magnesium-lanthanum alloy added to the drip-type crucible (301) is 2 g to 4 g; and / or, The first set duration is 20 minutes to 40 minutes; and / or, The second set temperature is; and / or, The second set time length is 20 minutes to 50 minutes; and / or, The inert gas is argon.

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