On-machine detection method for involute tooth profile of dish-shaped grinding wheel

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grinding wheel detection, in particular to an involute tooth profile on-machine detection method for a dish-shaped grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps: controlling different positions of the grinding wheel to be in contact with a laser interferometer through a machine tool to measure the radius of the grinding wheel; measuring tooth thicknesses of the center position and different radius positions of the grinding wheel; and comparing the measured tooth thickness of the grinding wheel with the theoretical tooth thickness, and evaluating whether the tooth profile precision of the grinding wheel meets the machining requirement or not. According to the method, different positions of the grinding wheel are controlled to be in contact with the laser interferometer through the machine tool, measurement of the radius of the grinding wheel, the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness of different radius positions of the grinding wheel is achieved, comparison with the theoretical tooth thickness is achieved, and therefore whether the tooth profile precision of the grinding wheel meets the requirement or not is evaluated. Consistency of dressing, detecting and machining of the grinding wheel is guaranteed. The measurement method is simple to operate and does not need complex data operation processing, so that the problem that an existing detection method is large in error is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of grinding wheel detection, and particularly to an in-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel. Background Art

[0002] To obtain higher gear machining accuracy, it is often necessary to use the grinding process to perform finish machining on gears. Gear grinding must use a high-precision involute grinding wheel. The grinding wheel gradually envelopes and forms the tooth profile through the generation machining method. The tooth profile accuracy of the involute grinding wheel is closely related to the machining accuracy of the final gear.

[0003] Involute tooth profile detection is a key step in gear machining and quality control, and is crucial for ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of gear transmission. During the gear grinding process, the grinding wheel often needs to be dressed for its morphology due to its own wear. However, errors are inevitable during the dressing process. At the same time, the morphology error of the grinding wheel is particularly important for the gear machining accuracy. Therefore, an in-machine detection method for the grinding wheel morphology must be established to ensure that the gear machining accuracy meets the design requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel, aiming to solve the problem of large errors in the existing detection methods.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides an in-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel, including the following steps:

[0006] Install the in-machine detection structure for the grinding wheel;

[0007] Control the grinding wheel to contact the laser interferometer at different positions through the machine tool to measure the radius of the grinding wheel;

[0008] Measure the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel;

[0009] Compare the measured tooth thickness of the grinding wheel with the theoretical tooth thickness to evaluate whether the tooth profile accuracy of the grinding wheel meets the processing requirements.

[0010] Among them, in "Control the grinding wheel to contact the laser interferometer at different positions through the machine tool to measure the radius of the grinding wheel", the following steps are included:

[0011] Adjust the position of the grinding wheel so that the rotation axis of the grinding wheel is parallel to the Z direction of the machine tool;

[0012] Move the Y axis of the machine tool so that the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer are at the same height;

[0013] Move the Z axis of the machine tool so that the outer circle of the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer are collinear in the X direction;

[0014] Move the X-axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel contact the laser beam emitted by the laser interferometer, record the X-coordinate value of the received signal, and calculate the radius of the grinding wheel by combining the X-coordinate value of the received signal of the spindle mandrel and the radius of the mandrel.

[0015] Among them, in the sentence "Move the X-axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel contact the laser beam emitted by the laser interferometer, record the X-coordinate value of the received signal, and calculate the radius of the grinding wheel by combining the X-coordinate value of the received signal of the spindle mandrel and the radius of the mandrel", the calculation formula for the radius of the grinding wheel is:

[0016] r s = x s - x cord + r cord

[0017] r s is the radius; x s is the coordinate value; x cord is the X-coordinate value of the received signal of the spindle mandrel; r cord is the radius of the mandrel.

[0018] Among them, in the sentence "Measure the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel", the following steps are included:

[0019] Adjust the position of the grinding wheel so that the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel is parallel to the Z direction of the machine tool;

[0020] Move the Y-axis of the machine tool to make the grinding wheel at the same height as the laser interferometer;

[0021] Move the X-axis of the machine tool to the specified coordinate value;

[0022] Move the Z-axis of the machine tool to make the laser beam emitted by the laser interferometer contact, coincide with, and separate from the grinding wheel, and record the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of the contact and separation of the beam and the grinding wheel during the movement of the machine tool;

[0023] Repeat the above steps to measure the tooth thickness at different radii and calculate the center position of the grinding wheel.

[0024] Among them, in the sentence "Repeat the above steps to measure the tooth thickness at different radii and calculate the center position of the grinding wheel", the calculation formula for the center position of the grinding wheel is:

[0025]

[0026] z up1 is the arithmetic mean of the contact coordinates; z low1 is the arithmetic mean of the separation coordinates.

[0027] An in - machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish - shaped grinding wheel according to the present invention, which installs an in - machine detection structure for the grinding wheel; measures the radius of the grinding wheel by controlling the contact between different positions of the grinding wheel and a laser interferometer through the machine tool; measures the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel; compares the measured tooth thickness of the grinding wheel with the theoretical tooth thickness to evaluate whether the tooth profile accuracy of the grinding wheel meets the processing requirements. By controlling the contact between different positions of the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer through the machine tool, the present invention realizes the measurement of the grinding wheel radius, the center position of the grinding wheel, and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel, and compares it with the theoretical tooth thickness to evaluate whether the tooth profile accuracy meets the requirements. This method is simple to operate, can be directly carried out on the machine tool without disassembling and assembling the grinding wheel, ensuring the consistency of grinding wheel dressing, detection, and processing. The measurement method is simple to operate and does not require complex data operation and processing, thus solving the problem of large errors in the existing detection methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the in - machine detection structure of the grinding wheel.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the tooth thickness measurement positions at different radii of the grinding wheel.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of an in - machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish - shaped grinding wheel provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of measuring the radius of the grinding wheel by controlling the contact between different positions of the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer through the machine tool.

[0033] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of measuring the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel.

[0034] In the figure: 1 - dressing component, 2 - laser interferometer, 3 - grinding wheel, 4 - tool component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0036] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 , the present invention provides an in - machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish - shaped grinding wheel, including the following steps:

[0037] S1 Install the in - machine detection structure for the grinding wheel;

[0038] Specifically, the in - machine detection structure for the grinding wheel includes a laser interferometer 2 and a dressing component 1. The laser interferometer 2 is installed on the dressing component and can move back and forth in the X - direction of the machine tool along with the dressing component 1. During the measurement process, the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 3 is always perpendicular to the beam emitted by the laser interferometer 2, and the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 3 is always parallel to the Z - direction of the machine tool.

[0039] S2 Measure the radius of the grinding wheel 3 by making the grinding wheel 3 contact the laser interferometer 2 at different positions through the machine tool control;

[0040] S21 Adjust the position of the grinding wheel 3 so that the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 3 is parallel to the Z - direction of the machine tool;

[0041] Specifically, adjust the position of the grinding wheel 3 through the tool component 4 so that the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel 3 is parallel to the Z - direction of the machine tool.

[0042] S22 Move the Y - axis of the machine tool to make the grinding wheel 3 and the laser interferometer 2 at the same height;

[0043] Specifically, move the Y - axis of the machine tool to make the grinding wheel 3 and the laser interferometer 2 at the same height.

[0044] S23 Move the Z - axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel 3 collinear with the laser interferometer 2 in the X - direction;

[0045] Specifically, move the Z - axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel 3 collinear with the laser interferometer 2 in the X - direction.

[0046] S24 Move the X - axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel 3 contact the beam emitted by the laser interferometer 2, record the X - coordinate value of the received signal, and calculate the radius of the grinding wheel 3 in combination with the X - coordinate value of the received signal of the spindle mandrel and the radius of the mandrel.

[0047] The calculation formula for the radius of the grinding wheel 3 is:

[0048] r s = x s - x cord + r cord

[0049] r s is the radius; x s is the coordinate value; x cord is the X - coordinate value of the received signal of the spindle mandrel; r cord is the radius of the mandrel.

[0050] Specifically, move the X-axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel 3 contact the light beam emitted by the laser interferometer 2(2), and record the X coordinate value x of the received signal s , combined with the X coordinate value x of the received signal of the spindle mandrel measured by the same method as above cord and the mandrel radius r cord , calculate to obtain the radius r of the grinding wheel 3 s = x s - x cord + r cord .

[0051] S3 measures the center position of the grinding wheel 3 and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel 3;

[0052] S31 Adjust the position of the grinding wheel 3 so that the rotation axis of the grinding wheel 3 is parallel to the Z direction of the machine tool;

[0053] Specifically, adjust the position of the grinding wheel 3 so that the rotation axis of the grinding wheel 3 is parallel to the Z direction of the machine tool

[0054] S32 Move the Y-axis of the machine tool to make the grinding wheel 3 and the laser interferometer 2 at the same height;

[0055] Specifically, move the Y-axis of the machine tool to make the grinding wheel 3 and the laser interferometer 2 at the same height

[0056] S33 Move the X-axis of the machine tool to the specified coordinate value;

[0057] Specifically, move the X-axis of the machine tool to the X coordinate value x s

[0058] S34 Move the Z-axis of the machine tool to make the light beam emitted by the laser interferometer 2 contact, coincide with, and separate from the grinding wheel 3, and record the arithmetic mean value of the coordinates of the contact and separation of the light beam and the grinding wheel 3 during the movement of the machine tool;

[0059] Specifically, move the X-axis of the machine tool to the X coordinate value x 1 , see Figure 2 , where h is the tooth height of the involute grinding wheel 3.

[0060] S35 Repeat the above steps to measure the tooth thickness at different radii and calculate the center position of the grinding wheel 3.

[0061] The calculation formula for the center position of the grinding wheel 3 is:

[0062]

[0063] z up1 is the arithmetic mean value of the contact coordinates; z low1 is the arithmetic mean value of the separation coordinates.

[0064] Specifically, move the Z-axis of the machine tool to make the beam emitted by the laser interferometer 2(2) go through the processes of contact - coincidence - separation with the grinding wheel 3, repeat three times, and record the arithmetic mean value z of the coordinates of the contact and separation of the beam and the grinding wheel 3 during the movement of the machine tool up1 and z low1 ;

[0065] Move the X-axis of the machine tool to the X coordinate value x 2 , where Repeat step (5);

[0066] Move the X-axis of the machine tool to the X coordinate value x 3 , where Repeat step (5);

[0067] Calculate the center position z of the grinding wheel 3 s :

[0068]

[0069] Calculate the tooth thickness at x 1 , x 2 , x 3 of the grinding wheel 3:

[0070] s i = |z upi - z lowi | (i = 1, 2, 3)

[0071] S4 Compare the measured tooth thickness of the grinding wheel 3 with the theoretical tooth thickness to evaluate whether the tooth profile accuracy of the grinding wheel 3 meets the processing requirements

[0072] Specifically, compare the measured tooth thickness values s 1 , s 2 , s 3 of the grinding wheel 3 with the theoretical values in turn. When the difference between the measured value and the theoretical value is within ±5μm, it is considered that the tooth profile accuracy of the grinding wheel 3 meets the processing requirements

[0073] When precisely modifying the tooth surface of the face gear:

[0074] (1) Determine the face gear parameters

[0075] First, determine the basic parameters of the face gear according to the design requirements, including module, number of teeth, transmission ratio, pressure angle, tooth height coefficient, modification coefficient, etc. Based on these parameters, calculate the minimum inner radius R min

[0076] 、maximum outer radius R max 、tooth bottom coordinate Z d and tooth tip coordinate Z a . These calculations are the basis for subsequent steps, ensuring that the basic dimensions and shape of the face gear meet the design requirements

[0077] (2) Discrete face gear tooth surface

[0078] Discretize the face gear tooth surface according to the radius R f and the grinding wheel rotation angle φ s to obtain the coordinates r of a series of discrete tooth points f (R f , φ s ). This step is to convert the continuous tooth surface into a set of discrete points that can be processed, facilitating subsequent modification design and machining control.

[0079] (3) Determine the modification parameters

[0080] According to the transmission characteristics and modification requirements of the face gear, determine the modification parameters, such as the contact trace slope, modification curve equation parameters, etc. Based on these parameters, calculate the modification amounts (Δx, Δy, Δz) of each discrete point on the face gear. The goal of the modification design is to optimize the tooth surface contact, reduce the vibration during meshing-in and meshing-out, and avoid edge contact.

[0081] (4) Combine the modification amounts with the discrete point coordinates

[0082] Combine the calculated modification amounts (Δx, Δy, Δz) with the corresponding discrete tooth point coordinates r f (R f , φ s ) to form an array M(R f , φ s , Δx, Δy, Δz). This array contains the modification information of each discrete tooth point and is the key data for subsequent machining control.

[0083] (5) Convert the motion compensation amounts of each axis of the machine tool

[0084] Since the machine tool coordinate system is different from the face gear coordinate system, it is necessary to convert the modification amounts (Δx, Δy, Δz) into the motion compensation amounts (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) of each axis of the machine tool. According to the coordinate transformation relationship, usually ΔX = Δz, ΔY = -Δy, ΔZ = Δx.

[0085] (6) Generate the linked machining code for face gear grinding

[0086] Generate the linked machining code for face gear grinding according to the machine tool structure parameters, grinding wheel parameters, and face gear parameters. Each line of code corresponds to different face gear radii R f and the grinding wheel rotation angle φ s .

[0087] (7) Add the motion compensation amounts

[0088] In the generated linked machining code, by querying the array M(R f, φ s , Δx, Δy, Δz), add the corresponding motion compensation amounts (ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ) of each axis of the machine tool to each line of code, so as to obtain the code for flank modification grinding of face gears.

[0089] (8) Import into the machine tool for processing

[0090] Import the finally obtained code for flank modification grinding of face gears into the numerical control machine tool, and complete the clamping and tool setting of the face gear workpiece and the grinding wheel. Run the processing program, and each axis of the machine tool performs coordinated processing according to the predetermined motion trajectory and compensation amount to realize the flank modification grinding of the face gear.

[0091] (9) Processing verification and optimization

[0092] After the processing is completed, inspect the face gear to evaluate the modification effect. If necessary, adjust the modification parameters or processing strategy according to the inspection results for iterative optimization until the best transmission performance and surface quality are achieved.

[0093] It can accurately control the modification amount of the flank of the face gear, improve the transmission smoothness of the face gear, effectively avoid the edge contact problem, and provide strong technical support for the precision manufacturing of face gears.

[0094] The above-disclosed is only a preferred embodiment of a method for in-machine inspection of involute tooth profiles for dish-shaped grinding wheels of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited by this. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments, and the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the invention.

Claims

1. An on-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Install the grinding wheel on the machine detection structure; The grinding wheel radius is measured by controlling the different positions of the grinding wheel through the machine tool to contact the laser interferometer; Measure the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel; Compare the measured grinding wheel tooth thickness with the theoretical tooth thickness to evaluate whether the grinding wheel tooth profile accuracy meets the processing requirements.

2. The on-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In "measuring the radius of a grinding wheel by controlling different positions of the grinding wheel to contact the laser interferometer through a machine tool", the following steps are included: Adjust the grinding wheel position so that the grinding wheel rotation axis is parallel to the Z direction of the machine tool; Move the Y axis of the machine tool so that the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer are at the same height; Move the Z axis of the machine tool so that the outer circle of the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer are in the same line in the X direction; Move the X-axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel contact the light beam emitted by the laser interferometer, record the X-coordinate value of the received signal, and combine the X-coordinate value of the spindle mandrel received signal and the mandrel radius to calculate the grinding wheel radius.

3. The on-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 2, characterized in that: In "Move the X axis of the machine tool to make the outer circle of the grinding wheel contact the light beam emitted by the laser interferometer, record the X coordinate value of the received signal, and calculate the grinding wheel radius by combining the X coordinate value of the spindle mandrel received signal and the mandrel radius", the calculation formula for the grinding wheel radius is: r s =x s -x cord +r cord r s is the radius; x s is the coordinate value; x cord The X coordinate value of the spindle mandrel receiving signal; r cord is the mandrel radius.

4. The on-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that: In "Measuring the center position of the grinding wheel and the tooth thickness at different radii of the grinding wheel", the following steps are included: Adjust the grinding wheel position so that the grinding wheel rotation axis is parallel to the Z direction of the machine tool; Move the Y axis of the machine tool so that the grinding wheel and the laser interferometer are at the same height; Move the machine tool X axis to the specified coordinate value; Move the Z axis of the machine tool to make the laser interferometer emitter light beam contact, overlap, and separate from the grinding wheel, and record the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of the light beam contacting and separating from the grinding wheel during the movement of the machine tool; Repeat the above steps to measure the tooth thickness at different radii and calculate the center position of the grinding wheel.

5. The on-machine detection method for the involute tooth profile of a dish-shaped grinding wheel according to claim 4, characterized in that: In "Repeat the above steps to measure the tooth thickness at different radii and calculate the grinding wheel center position", The calculation formula for the center position of the grinding wheel is: z up1 is the arithmetic mean of the contact coordinates; z low1 is the arithmetic mean of the separated coordinates.

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