Automatic welding equipment for circular seam of oil cylinder

Abstract

The invention relates to automatic welding equipment for a circular seam of an oil cylinder, and belongs to the technical field of automatic welding equipment. The equipment is divided into a left station and a right station, mechanical mechanisms of the two stations are the same, and the two stations are separated through a middle station separation frame. Each station comprises a cylinder head clamping mechanism, a cylinder barrel pressing mechanism, a rotary supporting mechanism, a clamping detection mechanism and a main body frame, the upper part of the main body frame is provided with the cylinder head clamping mechanism, the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism and the clamping detection mechanism, and the lower part of the main body frame is provided with the rotary supporting mechanism; the cylinder head clamping mechanism is installed over the rotary supporting mechanism, and the clamping detection mechanism is installed below the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism. The oil cylinder welding equipment has the advantages that welding of oil cylinders of various models can be met, the mechanical structure of the equipment is divided into a plurality of sub-structures according to functions, and the equipment can be flexibly adjusted to meet the welding requirements of the oil cylinders of different models; the automation degree is high, pneumatic transmission and an electrical control system are combined, and operation is convenient and fast. And the automation level and the production safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of automatic welding equipment, and particularly relates to an automatic welding equipment for the circumferential seam of an oil cylinder, which is applicable to the circumferential seam welding of the oil cylinder of a hydraulic tilting mechanism. Background Art

[0002] In the field of heavy truck manufacturing, hydraulic tilting mechanisms are widely used in cab tilting systems. The key component, the oil cylinder, is formed by circumferential seam welding of a cylinder head and a cylinder barrel. Currently, the existing circumferential seam welding equipment mainly includes vertical circumferential seam automatic welding machines, horizontal circumferential seam automatic welding machines, profile copying circumferential seam automatic welding machines, etc. Among them, vertical circumferential seam automatic welding machines are mainly applicable to small workpieces, and there are limitations in welding larger-sized or longer workpieces. For some workpieces with irregular shapes or large sizes, the clamping and positioning of horizontal circumferential seam automatic welding machines may not be accurate enough, resulting in deviation of the weld position and large clamping and positioning errors of the workpiece. If the control mechanism of a profile copying circumferential seam automatic welding machine uses a stepping motor for driving, there may be a situation where the speed is unstable during low-speed rotation, affecting the profile copying accuracy and welding quality. In addition, the wear of motors or transmission components will also lead to a decrease in accuracy, and the accuracy of the numerical control mechanism is low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic welding equipment for the circumferential seam of an oil cylinder, which solves the problems of poor versatility and unstable quality existing in the prior art. The present invention has strong applicability and can meet the welding requirements of various models of oil cylinders; it has a high degree of automation and combines pneumatic transmission and an electrical control system. Compared with traditional welding methods, the process is simple and the qualified rate is high. An automatic anti-welding slag splashing mechanism is provided, further improving the automation level and production safety. On the premise of meeting the qualified rate, the welding efficiency is greatly improved.

[0004] The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: An automatic welding equipment for the circumferential seam of an oil cylinder. The equipment is divided into two stations on the left and right. The mechanical mechanisms of the two stations are the same and are separated by a station partition in the middle; each station respectively includes: a cylinder head clamping mechanism 1, a cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2, a rotary support mechanism 3, a clamping detection mechanism 4, and a main frame 5. The upper part of the main frame 5 is provided with the cylinder head clamping mechanism 1, the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2, and the clamping detection mechanism 4, and the lower part of the main frame 5 is provided with the rotary support mechanism 3. The cylinder head clamping mechanism 1 is installed directly above the rotary support mechanism 3, and the clamping detection mechanism 4 is installed below the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2.

[0005] The described cylinder head clamping mechanism 1 includes a support turntable structure 11, a positioning and clamping mechanism 12, and a cylinder head protection mechanism 13; the support turntable structure 11 is such that above the turntable 1101, there is an annular shield formed by a cylinder shield 1102, a cylinder head shield 1103, and a mechanism shield 1104, as well as a pair of handles 1105. The positioning and clamping mechanism 12 and the cylinder head protection mechanism 13 are respectively installed above the turntable 1101 to complete the overall layout of the cylinder head clamping mechanism. The cylinder head protection mechanism 13 is installed above the positioning and clamping mechanism 12 and rotates synchronously with the support turntable mechanism 11.

[0006] The described positioning and clamping mechanism 12 includes: a positioning nut 1201, a positioning support 1202, a fixed shaft 1203, a guide block 1204, a first press head 1205, a clamping cylinder 1206, and a first cylinder seat 1207. The guide block 1204, the positioning nut 1201, the positioning support 1202, and the fixed shaft 1203 together complete the positioning of the cylinder head. The fixed shaft 1203 has a clearance fit with the inner hole of the cylinder head, and the guide block 1204 cooperates with the arc surface to complete the guiding. The left side of the positioning support 1202 fits with the J-shaped surface of the cylinder head to complete the horizontal positioning and support of the cylinder head; when the piston rod of the clamping cylinder extends, it drives the press head 1205 to press horizontally towards the positioning end to achieve clamping. The clamping cylinder 1206 is fixedly installed on the positioning support 1202 through the cylinder seat 1207, and the press head 1205 is fixed on the piston rod of the clamping cylinder 1206 through a flat key connection.

[0007] The described cylinder head protection mechanism 13 includes: a fourth fixing plate 1301, a protection plate 1302, a moving guide rail 1303, a left shield 1304, a right shield 1305, a left shield moving cylinder 1306, a right shield moving cylinder 1307, and a second cylinder seat 1308. The left shield 1304 and the right shield 1305 are connected to the slider on the fourth fixing plate 1301 through the protection plate 1302. The left shield moving cylinder 1306 and the right shield moving cylinder 1307 are arranged vertically and installed on the same second cylinder seat 1308. The extending directions of the two piston rods are opposite. The extension and retraction of the piston rods of the left and right shield moving cylinders drive the left and right shields to move horizontally along the moving guide rail 1303.

[0008] The described cylinder pressing mechanism 2 includes an adjustment mechanism 21 and a pressing mechanism 22. The adjustment mechanism 21 is as follows: The vertical plate 2111 is fixed on the support plate 2112 and is installed on the main body frame 5 through a fixing block. The reducer in the cylinder pressing mechanism 2 is fixed on the vertical plate 2111 through the motor base 2109; The ball screw module 2104 is vertically installed on the vertical plate 2111 through two supports. The heads of the supports are connected to the first driving wheel 2108, the toothed belt 2106, and the first driven wheel 2107 through flat keys. A moving plate 2105 is fixedly connected to the nut of the ball screw. The moving plate 2105 is threadedly connected to the first slider 2110. The nut of the ball screw drives the moving plate 2105 to linearly move on the guide rail 2101 of the vertical plate 2111 through the first slider 2110; Three proximity sensors 2102 are installed on the left side of the vertical plate 2111 through the sensor fixing plate 2103, which are used for zero return during the positioning of the ball screw and the control and adjustment of the upper and lower limits of the stroke; When adjusting the height, the servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate through the first driving wheel 2108, and the first slider 2110 drives the moving plate 2105 to indirectly complete the positioning of the pressing mechanism 22 in the vertical direction.

[0009] The described pressing mechanism 22 is as follows: The third cylinder seat 2206 is installed on the second moving plate 2208. The downward pressing cylinder 2207 is vertically fixed on the third cylinder seat 2206. The floating joint 2205 is used as an intermediate part to connect the air rod and the first fixing plate 2204. A second slider 2210 is installed behind the first fixing plate 2204 and can move on the downward pressing guide rail 2209 of the second moving plate 2208. The second pressing head 2202 and the push rod 2203 are connected by interference fit and are installed on the first fixing plate 2204 through a bearing seat. The auxiliary support 2201 is fixed on the auxiliary support connecting seat 2211. The auxiliary support connecting seat 2211 is installed on the auxiliary guide rail 2212.

[0010] The described rotary support mechanism 3 is as follows: The second fixing plate 304 is fixed on the working surface of the main body frame 5 through the support plate 305. The fixing sleeve 303 of the fixed rotary sleeve 311 and the motor support plate of the fixed rotary motor 310 are respectively installed on the second fixing plate 304; The pneumatic and electrical slip ring 306 is installed directly below the fixed sleeve 303 through the slip ring baffle 301. At the same time, the connecting sleeve above the pneumatic and electrical slip ring 306 is connected to the second driven wheel 314 in the rotary mechanism; The reducer 309 is connected to the motor support plate of the fixed rotary motor 310 through the second motor base 308 to complete the fixation; The rotary motor 310 drives the second driving wheel 307 through the reducer 309 to drive the synchronous belt 315 to transmit the torque to the second driven wheel 314, realizing the rotation of the rotating shaft 312. The torque is transmitted through the rotary sleeve 311 and the stud in the cylinder head pressing mechanism 1. To support the rotating shaft and ensure the rotational accuracy, tapered roller bearings are used to assist the rotational movement of the rotating shaft.

[0011] The described clamping detection mechanism 4 is as follows: The supporting profile 406 is fixed on the workbench surface of the main frame 5 through two aluminum feet 407. A finger cylinder 403 and a digital sensor 402 are respectively installed through an L-shaped plate 405 and a fixing plate III 404. A cylindrical protective sleeve 401 of the cylinder barrel is installed at the finger end of the finger cylinder 403 to protect the lower end of the cylinder barrel and the sensor element from being damaged by welding slag and spatter during welding.

[0012] The described main frame 5 is as follows: The carbon steel steel plate serves as the workbench surface, dividing the main frame 5 into upper and lower parts. The upper part of the space is equipped with a cylinder head clamping mechanism 1, a cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2, a clamping detection mechanism 4, and a protective door. The lower part of the space is equipped with a rotary support mechanism 3 and a pneumatic triple unit.

[0013] The automatic welding equipment for the oil cylinder circumferential seam of the present invention realizes the automatic welding control of the equipment through an electrical control system and a pneumatic transmission system. The electrical control system receives signals from the loop and other input devices for logical operations, and controls the states of solenoid valves and other output devices.

[0014] Pneumatic circuit scheme: Using compressed air as the power source, it has the characteristics of pollution-free, rapid response, and strong environmental adaptability. It mainly consists of a gas source device, an actuator, a control element, and an auxiliary element. The gas source device provides power. The actuator (such as a cylinder) converts the gas pressure energy into mechanical energy. The control element (such as a solenoid valve) adjusts the gas flow, direction, and pressure. The auxiliary element is used for component connection, noise reduction, etc. In the pneumatic circuit, each cylinder serves as an actuator, and a single electrically controlled two-position five-way electromagnetic directional valve is used to control its motion state. A pneumatic triple unit is provided in the air circuit to filter moisture and impurities, stabilize the gas source pressure, and lubricate pneumatic components. To reduce noise, a silencer is installed at the air outlet of the manifold. Through the coordinated work of these components, the pneumatic transmission system realizes the precise control of actions such as the cylinder head clamping mechanism, the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism, and the movement of the protective door.

[0015] Electrical control system: It is controlled in an active manner by an upper and lower computer, including two parts: hardware and software.

[0016] Hardware part: The lower computer PLC selects the FX5U-80MT / ES of Mitsubishi Corporation. By expanding multiple modules, it meets the signal acquisition and control requirements and assigns corresponding input and output addresses. Sensors select magnetic switches, proximity switches, and contact sensors, which are respectively used to detect the cylinder position, the in-place situation of the protective door, and the deviation of the cylinder barrel axis. The touch screen selects the Kunlun Tongtai TPC1071Gi model embedded touch screen to realize human-machine interaction control. The circuit design includes a main circuit and an auxiliary circuit. The main circuit provides electrical energy for other control modules, and the auxiliary circuit controls the operation of each module.

[0017] Software part: It is divided into manual control mode and automatic welding control mode, which can be switched through the human-machine interaction interface. In the manual control mode, each cylinder and servo motor can be driven separately; in the automatic welding control mode, the equipment runs automatically according to the predetermined process, including steps such as rotating servo homing initialization, feeding detection, clamping and positioning, welding request, welding process control, and reset after welding. The PLC control program is designed using Mitsubishi's GX Work3, and the control process is divided into a main program and 12 sub-programs. The human-machine interaction window is divided into an initial window, a manual window, an automatic window, and a servo window according to functions, which is convenient for operators to monitor the equipment status, set parameters, and perform operations.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This equipment has strong applicability and can meet the welding of various models of oil cylinders. The mechanical structure of the equipment is divided into multiple sub-structures according to functions and can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to the welding requirements of different models of oil cylinders; it has a high degree of automation, combines pneumatic transmission and an electrical control system, and is convenient to operate. Compared with the traditional welding method, the process is simple and the qualified rate is high. It can realize the batch production of oil cylinders, effectively improve the production capacity of enterprises, and there is also an automatic anti-welding slag splashing mechanism, which further improves the automation level and production safety. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, form a part of this application, and the schematic examples and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structure diagram of the cylinder head clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structure diagram of the support turntable structure of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structure diagram of the positioning and clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic structure diagram of the cylinder head protection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structure diagram of the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic structure diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic structure diagram of the pressing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a schematic structure diagram of the rotating support mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 It is a schematic structure diagram of the clamping and detection mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11It is a schematic structural diagram of the main framework of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. Cylinder head clamping mechanism; 11. Support turntable structure; 12. Positioning and clamping mechanism; 13. Cylinder head protection mechanism; 1101. Turntable; 1102. Cylinder guard; 1103. Cylinder head guard; 1104. Mechanism guard; 1105. Handle; 1106. Fixed box, 1201. Positioning nut; 1202. Positioning support; 1203. Fixed shaft; 1204. Guide block; 1205. Press head 1; 1206. Clamping cylinder; 1207. Cylinder seat 1; 1301. Fixed plate 4; 1302. Guard plate; 1303. Moving guide rail; 1304. Left guard; 1305. Right guard; 1306. Left guard moving cylinder; 1307. Right guard moving cylinder; 1308. Cylinder seat 2; 2. Cylinder barrel pressing mechanism; 21. Adjusting mechanism; 22. Pressing mechanism; 2101. Guide rail; 2102. Proximity sensor; 2103. Sensor fixed plate; 2104. Ball screw module; 2105. Moving plate 1; 2106. Toothed belt; 2107. Driven wheel 1; 2108. Driving wheel 1; 2109. Motor seat 1; 2110. Slide block 1; 2111. Vertical plate; 2112. Support plate 1; 2201. Auxiliary support; 2202. Press head 2; 2203. Push rod; 2204. Fixed plate 1; 2205. Floating joint; 2206. Cylinder seat 3; 2207. Downward pressing cylinder; 2208. Moving plate 2; 2209. Downward pressing guide rail; 2210. Slide block 2; 2211. Auxiliary support connecting seat, 3. Rotary support mechanism; 301. Slip ring baffle; 302. Sensor; 303. Fixed sleeve; 304. Fixed plate 2; 305. Support plate 2; 306. Gas-electric slip ring; 307. Driving wheel 2; 308. Motor seat 2; 309. Reducer; 310. Rotary motor; 311. Rotary sleeve; 312. Rotating shaft; 313. Round nut; 314. Driven wheel 2; 315. Synchronous belt; 4. Clamping and detection mechanism; 401. Protective sleeve; 402. Digital sensor; 403. Finger cylinder; 404. Fixed plate 3; 405. L-shaped plate; 406. Support profile; 407. Aluminum foot; 5. Main framework. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0023] See Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the automatic welding equipment for the cylinder ring seam of the present invention is applicable to the welding scenario of circular welds in the field of construction machinery. The overall equipment is divided into left and right stations to improve production efficiency. The mechanical mechanisms of the two stations are exactly the same, so their functions are also the same. They are separated by a station partition in the middle to save space and for a beautiful layout. Each station respectively includes a cylinder head clamping mechanism 1, a cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2, a rotary support mechanism 3, and a clamping detection mechanism 4 fixed on the main body frame 5. The cylinder head clamping mechanism 1 is installed directly above the rotary support mechanism 3, and the clamping detection mechanism 4 is installed below the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2.

[0024] See Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the cylinder head clamping mechanism 1 can position and clamp cylinder heads of different sizes, with the clamping deviation controlled within 0.1 mm, and has a protective function to prevent welding slag and spatter from entering the inside of the cylinder head. The cylinder head clamping mechanism 1 includes a support turntable structure 11, a positioning and clamping mechanism 12, and a cylinder head protection mechanism 13. The support turntable structure 11 includes: a turntable 1101, a cylinder guard 1102, a cylinder head guard 1103, a mechanism guard 1104, a handle 1105, and a fixed box 1106. Above the turntable 1101, there is an annular guard formed by the cylinder guard 1102, the cylinder head guard 1103, and the mechanism guard 1104, as well as a pair of handles 1105. The positioning and clamping mechanism 12 includes: a positioning nut 1201, a positioning support 1202, a fixed shaft 1203, a guide block 1204, a first pressing head 1205, a clamping cylinder 1206, and a first cylinder seat 1207. The guide block 1204, the positioning nut 1201, the positioning support 1202, and the fixed shaft 1203 jointly complete the positioning of the cylinder head. The fixed shaft 1203 and the inner hole of the cylinder head are connected by a clearance fit with a basic hole system. The guide block 1204 and the arc surface cooperate to complete the guiding function. The positioning support 1202 is attached to the J-shaped surface of the cylinder head on the left side to complete the horizontal positioning and support of the cylinder head. The clamping function is mainly achieved by the air rod of the clamping cylinder pushing out to drive the pressing head 1205 to press horizontally towards the positioning end. Among them, the clamping cylinder 1206 is fixedly installed on the positioning support 1202 through the cylinder seat 1207, and the pressing head 1205 is fixed on the air rod of the clamping cylinder 1206 through a flat key connection.

[0025] See Figure 5As shown in the figure, the cylinder head protection mechanism 13 includes: fixed plate four 1301, protection plate 1302, moving guide rail 1303, left guard 1304, right guard 1305, left guard moving cylinder 1306, right guard moving cylinder 1307, cylinder seat two 1308. The left guard 1304 and the right guard 1305 are connected to the sliders on the fixed plate four 1301 through the protection plate 1302. The left guard moving cylinder 1306 and the right guard moving cylinder 1307 are arranged vertically and installed on the same cylinder seat two 1308, and the extending directions of the two air rods are opposite. The extension and retraction of the air rods of the left and right guard moving cylinders drive the left and right guards to move horizontally along the guide rail 1303. When loading the cylinder head, the guard air rods are at the end of the stroke and the guards are in the open state. After loading, they move towards each other and finally stick tightly to protect the inside of the cylinder head from welding slag and splashing. Both the left guard and the right guard are sheet metal parts with a thickness of 2 mm. When discharging, to prevent pinching the operator and causing a safety accident, the right guard has an additional bend with a height of 3.5 mm in its structure compared to the left guard to avoid accidentally pinching the fingers and play a protective role.

[0026] The positioning and clamping mechanism 12 and the cylinder head protection mechanism 13 are respectively threadedly connected to the turntable 1101 through the fixed support 1202, the cylinder seat one 1207 and the fixed plate four 1301, and are installed above the turntable 1101 according to the corresponding positions to complete the overall layout of the cylinder head clamping mechanism. The cylinder head protection mechanism 13 is installed above the positioning and clamping mechanism 12 to protect the cylinder head and can rotate synchronously with the support turntable mechanism 11. The positioning and clamping mechanism 12 uses the shape features such as the J-shaped surface, inner hole, outer arc surface and upper surface of the cylinder head for positioning, and realizes the clamping function through the clamping cylinder 1206 and the pressure head one 1205. The left and right guards of the cylinder head protection mechanism 13 are driven by the left guard moving cylinder 1306 and the right guard moving cylinder 1307, and are opened when loading the cylinder head and closed after loading to protect the cylinder head. The support turntable mechanism 11 is used to install the positioning and clamping mechanism 12 and the cylinder head protection mechanism 13 and transmit the rotational motion. There are a cylinder guard 1102, a cylinder head guard 1103, a mechanism guard 1104 and a handle 1105 above it, and a fixed box 1106 below it for placing pneumatic components and equipped with a silencer.

[0027] See Figure 6As shown, the cylinder barrel clamping mechanism 2 can set parameters on the human-machine interaction interface for cylinder barrels of different lengths (length range 400mm - 950mm), automatically adjust the height and clamp the cylinder barrel to ensure the relative position stability between the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel during rotation. The cylinder barrel clamping mechanism 2 includes an adjustment mechanism 21 and a clamping mechanism 22. The adjustment mechanism 21 includes a guide rail 2101, a proximity sensor 2102, a sensor fixing plate 2103, a ball screw module 2104, a first moving plate 2105, a toothed belt 2106, a first driven wheel 2107, a first driving wheel 2108, a first motor base 2109, a first slider 2110, a vertical plate 2111, and a first support plate 2112. The vertical plate 2111 is fixed on the first support plate 2112 and is installed on the main frame 5 through fixing blocks. The four fixing blocks are threadedly connected to the profiles of the frame main body. The reducer in the cylinder barrel clamping mechanism 2 is fixed on the vertical plate 2111 through the first motor base 2109. The ball screw module 2104 is vertically installed on the vertical plate 2111 through two supports. The supports are connected to the first driving wheel 2108, the toothed belt 2106, and the first driven wheel 2107 through flat keys. The nut of the ball screw is fixedly connected to the first moving plate 2105. The first moving plate 2105 is threadedly connected to the first slider 2110. The nut of the ball screw drives the first moving plate 2105 to move linearly on the guide rail 2101 of the vertical plate 2111 through the first slider 2110. Three proximity sensors 2102 are installed on the left side of the vertical plate 2111 through the sensor fixing plate 2103, which are used for zero return of the ball screw during positioning and control and adjustment of the upper and lower limits of the stroke. When adjusting the height, the servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate through the reducer via the first driving wheel 2108, and the first slider 2110 drives the first moving plate 2105 to indirectly complete the positioning of the clamping mechanism 22 in the vertical direction.

[0028] See Figure 7 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 21 drives the ball screw through an adjustment servo motor, drives the first moving plate 2105 to move on the guide rail 2101, and realizes the positioning adjustment of the clamping mechanism 22 in the vertical direction. The clamping mechanism 22 is connected to the air rod and the first fixing plate 2204 through a floating joint 2205 to eliminate eccentricity and ensure the cylinder barrel clamping accuracy. At the same time, a positioning cylinder 2213, a downward pressure cylinder 2207, and an auxiliary support 2201 are provided to realize the auxiliary positioning and guiding during cylinder barrel feeding.

[0029] See Figure 8As shown in the figure, the pressing mechanism 22 includes: an auxiliary support 2201, a second pressing head 2202, a push rod 2203, a first fixing plate 2204, a floating joint 2205, a third cylinder seat 2206, a downward pressing cylinder 2207, a second moving plate 2208, a downward pressing guide rail 2209, a second slider 2210, and an auxiliary support connecting seat 2211. The third cylinder seat 2206 is installed on the second moving plate 2208 by screws, and the downward pressing cylinder 2207 is vertically fixed on the third cylinder seat 2206. The floating joint 2205 serves as an intermediate part to connect the air rod and the first fixing plate 2204. A second slider 2210 is installed behind the first fixing plate 2204 and can move on the downward pressing guide rail 2209 on the second moving plate 2208. An interference fit connection is adopted between the second pressing head 2202 and the push rod 2203, and it is installed on the first fixing plate 2204 through a bearing seat. The auxiliary support 2201 is fixed on the auxiliary support connecting seat 2211. The auxiliary support connecting seat 2211 is installed on the auxiliary guide rail 2212.

[0030] See Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the rotary support mechanism 3 is divided into a support mechanism and a rotary mechanism, which can drive the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel to rotate synchronously, realize welding at any initial angle, solve the problem of wire winding around the pipe, and ensure the slewing accuracy. The rotary support mechanism 3 includes a slip ring baffle 301, a sensor 302, a fixed sleeve 303, a second fixing plate 304, a second support plate 305, an air-electric slip ring 306, a second driving wheel 307, a second motor seat 308, a speed reducer 309, a rotary motor 310, a rotary sleeve 311, a rotating shaft 312, a round nut 313, a second driven wheel 314, and a synchronous belt 315. The second fixing plate 304 of the support mechanism serves as a fixing part for other components and is fixed on the working surface of the main frame 5 through the second support plate 305. The fixed sleeve 303 for fixing the rotary sleeve 311 and the motor support plate for fixing the rotary motor 310 are respectively installed on the second fixing plate 304. To solve the problem of wire winding around the pipe during the rotation of the mechanism, the air-electric slip ring 306 is installed directly below the fixed sleeve 303 through the slip ring baffle 301. At the same time, the connecting sleeve above the air-electric slip ring 306 is connected to the second driven wheel 314 in the rotary mechanism. The speed reducer 309 is connected to the motor support seat through the second motor seat 308 to complete the fixation. The rotary motor 310 drives the second driving wheel 307 through the speed reducer 309 to drive the synchronous belt 315 to transmit the torque to the second driven wheel 314, realizing the rotation of the rotating shaft 312. The torque transmission is completed through the connection of the rotary sleeve 311 and the stud in the cylinder head pressing mechanism 1. To support the rotating shaft and ensure the slewing accuracy, tapered roller bearings are used to assist the rotational movement of the rotating shaft.

[0031] In the support mechanism of the rotary support mechanism 3, the support mechanism is fixed to the main body frame 5 through the second fixing plate 304 and the second support plate 305. Components such as a fixed sleeve 303, a motor support plate, and an air-electric slip ring 306 are installed on the support mechanism. The rotary mechanism drives the second driving wheel 307 through a rotary motor 310 via a speed reducer 309, drives a synchronous belt 315 and a second driven wheel 314, realizes the rotation of a rotating shaft 312 and a rotating sleeve 311, and uses tapered roller bearings to assist the rotary motion.

[0032] See Figure 10 As shown, the clamping and detection mechanism 4 is used to detect the deviation after the cylinder barrel is clamped, ensure that the coaxiality of the oil cylinder after welding meets the technical requirements, and is provided with a protective sleeve to protect the cylinder barrel and sensor components. The clamping and detection mechanism 4 includes a protective sleeve 401, a digital sensor 402, a finger cylinder 403, a third fixing plate 404, an L-shaped plate 405, a support profile 406, and aluminum feet 407. The support profile 406 is fixed to the workbench surface of the main body frame 5 through two aluminum feet 407, and the finger cylinder 403 and the digital sensor 402 are installed through the L-shaped plate 405 and the third fixing plate 404 respectively. The finger end of the finger cylinder 403 is equipped with a cylindrical protective sleeve 401 for the cylinder barrel, which is used to protect the lower end of the cylinder barrel and the sensor components from being damaged by welding slag and splashing during welding.

[0033] See Figure 11 As shown, the main body frame 5 serves as the installation foundation for all components and the welding operation platform, bears the gravity and pressing force of each component, meets the ergonomic design principle, is convenient for operation and ensures that there is no interference phenomenon after the installation of each component. The carbon steel steel plate is used as the workbench surface to divide the main body frame 5 into upper and lower parts. The upper part of the space is equipped with a cylinder head clamping mechanism 1, a cylinder barrel pressing mechanism 2, a clamping and detection mechanism 4, and a protective door. The lower part of the space is equipped with a rotary support mechanism 3, a pneumatic triple unit, etc.

[0034] The control system adopted by the present invention includes a pneumatic transmission system and an electrical control system. The automation requirements include the logical control of cylinders, servo motors, and sensors in each mechanism. Specifically, it controls the clamping and protection actions of the cylinder head clamping mechanism; controls the height adjustment, auxiliary positioning, and pressing actions of the cylinder barrel pressing mechanism; controls the rotary motion of the rotary support mechanism; controls the detection and protection actions of the clamping and detection mechanism; controls the pneumatic cylinder of the protective door to realize the automatic movement of the protective door; and sets buttons, a human-machine interface, and warning lights on the main body frame of the equipment to realize functions such as starting and stopping control, status monitoring, and parameter setting of the equipment.

[0035] Pneumatic transmission system: Using compressed air as the power source, controls the actions of each cylinder through a single-electronic controlled two-position five-way electromagnetic reversing valve to realize functions such as cylinder head clamping, cylinder barrel pressing, and protective door movement. A pneumatic triple unit is provided to process the air source, the solenoid valves are integrally installed using a manifold, and a silencer is installed at the air outlet to reduce noise.

[0036] Electrical control system: Adopting the master-slave control mode, with the FX5U-80MT / ES as the main CPU of the PLC, it is connected to the upper computer HMI through the RS485 interface and the Ethernet communication interface. The HMI is responsible for functions such as equipment control mode switching, parameter setting, status display, and communication; the PLC is responsible for precisely controlling the actions of each mechanism and the welding status. The system also selects a variety of sensors to detect the positions and states of each component, designs a main circuit and an auxiliary circuit, and realizes the manual control mode and the automatic welding control mode through software programming.

[0037] See Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the working process of the present invention is as follows: I. Equipment preparation: Turn on the equipment power supply and air source, and check whether the initial position states of each mechanism are normal. At this time, components such as each cylinder and servo motor of the equipment are in the initial state, preparing for subsequent work.

[0038] II. Loading: Manually place the cylinder head and cylinder barrel on the equipment. The cylinder head is manually placed on the positioning and clamping mechanism, and is positioned by using shape features such as the J-shaped surface, inner hole, outer arc surface, and upper surface. The positioning action is jointly completed by the guide block, adjusting pin, positioning support, and fixed shaft. The fixed shaft and the inner hole of the cylinder head adopt a basic hole system clearance fit. The guide block cooperates with the arc surface for guiding. The positioning support completes horizontal positioning and support by fitting with the J-shaped surface. The adjusting pin adjusts the height to ensure the positioning accuracy. The cylinder barrel is matched with the positioning cylinder on the pressing mechanism through the oil pipe hole to achieve circumferential positioning. At the same time, the auxiliary support fits with the outer surface of the cylinder barrel to play a guiding role, completing the loading operation.

[0039] III. Clamping and positioning: Cylinder head clamping: The cylinder head clamping cylinder extends, and the air rod drives the pressure head to horizontally press the cylinder head towards the positioning end side, making it positioned and clamped. The clamping deviation is controlled within 0 - 0.1 mm. At the same time, the left and right shield cylinders extend, driving the left and right shields to move towards each other and closely adhere to the cylinder head to prevent welding slag and spatter from entering the inside of the cylinder head.

[0040] Cylinder barrel pressing: Adjust the servo motor to drive the pulley to drive the ball screw, so that the pressing mechanism moves to an appropriate height in the vertical direction. The pressing cylinder extends, and drives the pressure head to press the cylinder barrel downward through the floating joint, ensuring that the relative positions of the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel do not shift during rotation. The oil pipe hole positioning cylinder extends, and drives the positioning head to expand and contract through the air rod to realize the auxiliary positioning of the oil pipe hole during the cylinder barrel loading.

[0041] 4. Welding: The digital sensor detects whether the deviation of the cylinder barrel after being pressed meets the requirements. If the deviation is qualified, the finger cylinder extends, and the clamping sleeve protects the cylinder barrel and the sensor element; the protective cover cylinder extends to protect the cylinder head. The rotary servo motor drives the pulley to drive the rotating sleeve, which indirectly drives the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel to rotate synchronously to the initial welding angle. At this time, the control system sends a signal to request the robot to weld. The robot extends the mechanical arm holding the welding gun to the specified welding point, and the protective door moves to the corresponding station. The entire welding process is driven by the rotary servo to drive the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel to rotate to complete the circumferential seam welding.

[0042] 5. Inspection and reset: After welding is completed, the robot returns to its original position. Each cylinder is reset and the protective door moves to another station. The welded cylinder is inspected for weld defects and oil leakage, and the coaxiality of the cylinder is measured using a laser alignment instrument to determine whether it meets the company's technical requirements. If the inspection is qualified, proceed to the next step; if not, proceed according to the situation.

[0043] 6. Unloading: Manually remove the welded oil cylinder to complete the unloading operation. Then the various mechanisms of the equipment return to the initialization state and wait for the next working cycle.

[0044] The collaborative working process of each sub-organization of the present invention is as follows: Unified command of the control system: The equipment adopts the coordinated control of the pneumatic transmission system and the electrical control system. The PLC in the electrical control system serves as the core controller, receiving the signals fed back by various sensors, analyzing and processing them according to the preset program logic, and then issuing control instructions to the actuators of each sub-mechanism. In the automatic welding process, the PLC controls the cylinder head clamping cylinder to extend and clamp the cylinder head, and at the same time controls the left and right shield cylinders to protect the cylinder head; controls the adjustment of the servo motor to drive the cylinder barrel clamping mechanism to adjust the height, and controls the rotary servo motor to drive the rotary support mechanism to drive the cylinder head and cylinder barrel to rotate. Under the command of the electrical control system, the pneumatic transmission system controls the action of the cylinder through the solenoid valve to achieve the corresponding mechanical movement.

[0045] Mechanical connection transfers power and motion: The transmission of power and motion is achieved through mechanical connection between each sub-mechanism. The rotating sleeve of the rotating support mechanism is connected to the cylinder head clamping mechanism. When the servo motor of the rotating support mechanism drives the rotating sleeve to rotate, the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel rotate synchronously, providing rotational motion for welding; the adjustment mechanism of the cylinder barrel clamping mechanism realizes the vertical movement of the clamping mechanism through the ball screw and guide rail, thereby clamping cylinders of different lengths to ensure the relative position of the cylinder head and the cylinder barrel during rotation. The clamping detection mechanism is installed on the equipment frame and works in conjunction with other sub-mechanisms to detect the deviation of the cylinder barrel after clamping before welding, providing guarantee for welding quality.

[0046] The process flow clearly defines the action sequence: The equipment operates according to the established process flow, and each sub-mechanism moves orderly at different stages. After the cylinder head and cylinder barrel are manually placed for feeding, the cylinder head clamping cylinder extends to clamp the cylinder head, and the cylinder barrel pressing cylinder extends to press the cylinder barrel; The digital sensor detects the axis deviation of the oil cylinder. If it is qualified, the finger cylinder extends to protect the cylinder barrel, the protective cover cylinder extends to protect the cylinder head, and then the servo rotates to the initial welding angle, and the control system sends a signal to request the robot to perform welding; After welding is completed, each cylinder resets, the protective door moves to another station, and the welded oil cylinder is manually removed to complete the unloading. During the whole process, the actions of each sub-mechanism are closely coordinated and carried out in sequence according to the process flow, realizing efficient collaborative work.

[0047] The above are only the preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made to the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic welding device for cylinder annular seam, characterized in that: The equipment is divided into two left and right workstations, the two workstations have the same mechanical structure and are separated by a workstation partition frame in the middle; each workstation comprises: a cylinder head clamping mechanism (1), a cylinder barrel clamping mechanism (2), a rotating support mechanism (3), a clamping detection mechanism (4) and a main frame (5); the cylinder head clamping mechanism (1), the cylinder barrel clamping mechanism (2) and the clamping detection mechanism (4) are installed on the upper part of the main frame (5); the rotating support mechanism (3) is installed on the lower part of the main frame (5); the cylinder head clamping mechanism (1) is installed directly above the rotating support mechanism (3), and the clamping detection mechanism (4) is installed below the cylinder barrel clamping mechanism (2).

2. The cylinder annular seam automatic welding equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cylinder head clamping mechanism (1) comprises a supporting turntable structure (11), a positioning clamping mechanism (12), and a cylinder head protection mechanism (13); the supporting turntable structure (11) is: an annular protection cover surrounded by a cylinder protection cover (1102), a cylinder head protection cover (1103) and a mechanism protection cover (1104) and a pair of handles (1105) are installed above the turntable (1101); the positioning clamping mechanism (12) and the cylinder head protection mechanism (13) are respectively installed above the turntable (1101) to complete the overall layout of the cylinder head clamping mechanism; the cylinder head protection mechanism (13) is installed above the positioning clamping mechanism (12) and rotates synchronously with the supporting turntable mechanism (11).

3. The cylinder annular seam automatic welding equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The positioning clamping mechanism (12) is: a guide block (1204), a positioning nut (1201), a positioning support (1202) and a fixed shaft (1203) together complete the positioning of the cylinder head; the fixed shaft (1203) cooperates with the inner hole clearance of the cylinder head; the guide block (1204) cooperates with the arc surface to complete the guidance; the left side of the positioning support (1202) fits with the J-shaped surface of the cylinder head to complete the horizontal positioning and support of the cylinder head; the air rod of the clamping cylinder (1206) is pushed out to drive the pressure head (1205) to press horizontally toward one side of the positioning end to achieve clamping; the clamping cylinder (1206) is fixedly installed on the positioning support (1202) through the cylinder seat (1207), and the pressure head (1205) is connected to the air rod of the clamping cylinder (1206) through a flat key.

4. The automatic welding equipment for cylinder annular seam according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The cylinder head protection mechanism (13) is as follows: the left guard (1304) and the right guard (1305) are connected to the slider on the fixed plate four (1301) through the guard plate (1302); the left guard moving cylinder (1306) and the right guard moving cylinder (1307) are arranged up and down and installed on the same cylinder seat two (1308), and the two gas rods extend in opposite directions; the left and right guard moving cylinders drive the left and right guards to move horizontally along the moving guide rail (1303).

5. The cylinder annular seam automatic welding equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cylinder clamping mechanism (2) comprises an adjustment mechanism (21) and a clamping mechanism (22). The adjustment mechanism (21) comprises: a vertical plate (2111) fixed on a support plate 1 (2112) and mounted on a main frame (5) via a fixing block; a reducer in the cylinder clamping mechanism (2) is fixed on the vertical plate (2111) via a motor seat 1 (2109); a ball screw module (2104) is vertically mounted on the vertical plate (2111) via two supports; the head of the support is connected to a driving wheel 1 (2108), a toothed belt (2106), and a driven wheel 1 (2107) via a flat key; a nut of the ball screw is fixedly connected to a moving plate 1 (2105); The movable plate 1 (2105) is threadedly connected to the slider 1 (2110), and the nut of the ball screw drives the movable plate 1 (2105) to move linearly on the guide rail (2101) on the vertical plate (2111) through the slider 1 (2110); three proximity sensors (2102) are installed on the left side of the vertical plate (2111) through the sensor fixing plate (2103), and the zero point return of the ball screw during positioning and the upper and lower limits of the stroke are controlled and adjusted; when adjusting the height, the servo motor drives the ball screw to rotate through the driving wheel 1 (2108), and the slider 1 (2110) drives the movable plate 1 (2105) to indirectly complete the positioning of the clamping mechanism (22) in the vertical direction.

6. The automatic welding equipment for cylinder annular seams according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (22) is as follows: a cylinder seat three (2206) is installed on a movable plate two (2208), a downward pressure cylinder (2207) is vertically fixed on the cylinder seat three (2206), a floating joint (2205) is used as an intermediate piece to connect the gas rod and the fixed plate one (2204), a slider two (2210) is installed behind the fixed plate one (2204) and moves on the downward pressure guide rail (2209) on the movable plate two (2208), an interference fit is adopted between the pressure head two (2202) and the push rod (2203), and they are installed on the fixed plate one (2204) through a bearing seat, and the auxiliary support (2201) is fixed on the auxiliary support connecting seat (2211); the auxiliary support connecting seat (2211) is installed on the auxiliary guide rail (2212).

7. The automatic welding equipment for cylinder annular seams according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotating support mechanism (3) is as follows: a second fixing plate (304) is fixed on a working table of a main frame (5) through a second supporting plate (305); a fixing sleeve (303) for fixing a rotating sleeve (311) and a motor supporting plate for fixing a rotating motor (310) are respectively mounted on the second fixing plate (304); a gas-electric slip ring (306) is mounted directly below the fixing sleeve (303) through a slip ring baffle (301); and a connecting sleeve above the gas-electric slip ring (306) is connected to the rotating motor (310). The reducer (309) is connected to the driven wheel 2 (314) in the structure; the reducer (309) is connected to the motor support plate that fixes the rotating motor (310) through the motor base 2 (308) to complete the fixation; the rotating motor (310) drives the driving wheel 2 (307) through the reducer (309) to drive the synchronous belt (315) to transmit the torque to the driven wheel 2 (314), thereby realizing the rotation of the rotating shaft (312), and the torque transmission is completed through the connection between the rotating sleeve (311) and the stud in the cylinder head clamping mechanism (1).

8. The automatic welding equipment for cylinder annular seams according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The clamping detection mechanism (4) is: a supporting profile (406) is fixed on the working surface of the main frame (5) through two aluminum feet (407), and a finger cylinder (403) and a digital sensor (402) are installed through an L-shaped plate (405) and a fixing plate (404) respectively; the finger end of the finger cylinder (403) is equipped with a cylindrical protective sleeve (401) of the cylinder.

9. The automatic welding equipment for cylinder annular seams according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main frame (5) is: a carbon steel plate is used as a work surface to divide the main frame (5) into an upper and lower part; the upper part is equipped with a cylinder head clamping mechanism (1), a cylinder barrel clamping mechanism (2), a clamping detection mechanism (4) and a protective door; the lower part is equipped with a rotating support mechanism (3) and a pneumatic triplet.

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