Application of TaOSH1 protein and related biological materials thereof in regulation and control of wheat yield

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant molecular biology, in particular to application of TaOSH1 protein and related biological materials thereof in wheat yield regulation and control. It is found for the first time that the TaOSH1 protein, the coding gene thereof and related biological materials have important effects on regulation and control of wheat ear development and wheat grain development, the wheat yield is regulated by regulating and controlling the wheat ear development and the wheat grain development, a theoretical basis is provided for expanding a wheat spikelet development molecular regulation and control network, and the application has the advantages that the application is wide in application prospect. And an important direction is provided for wheat breeding and yield improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant molecular biology, and particularly to the application of TaOSH1 protein and its related biological materials in regulating wheat yield. Background Art

[0002] Wheat is the second largest food crop after rice and is the staple food of 35% - 40% of the global population. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating wheat yield formation.

[0003] The three elements of wheat yield composition are the number of spikes per unit area, the number of grains per spike, and the grain weight. Among them, the number of grains per spike and the grain weight are mainly controlled by the spike type development status, which is also the ultimate manifestation of floret differentiation, development, and seed setting. Therefore, the study of wheat spike and grain development is of great significance. However, due to the allohexaploid characteristics of wheat and the reasons such as homologous gene replication, functional redundancy and differentiation, and expression silencing during polyploidization, the research on wheat spike development lags behind.

[0004] In previous reports, it has been confirmed that the cloned gene Oryza sativa HOMEOBOX 1 (OSH1) of rice is a member of the Kn1 - type homeobox gene class 1 family. OSH1 contains an open reading frame of 1086bp, which can encode a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues, and has a 5' non - coding region of 216bp and a 3' non - coding region of 240bp. OSH1 contains a KNOX domain, an ELK domain, and a Home - box domain.

[0005] In addition, by overexpressing OSH1 , increasing OSH1 the amount of the gene can cause changes in the morphology of transgenic rice leaves, and its morphology is similar to that of the maize Kn1 mutant, which also indicates that OSH1 is Kn1 the rice homolog of OSH1 The expression of OSH1 is positively regulated by direct autoregulation. The loss - of - function mutants of OSH1 lose the stem cell activity of the SAM after germination, but when they are regenerated from callus, they can restore the stem cell activity, proving that OSH1The overexpression lines of are insensitive to BR, while the loss-of-function lines show sensitivity to BR, resulting in the boundary between the SAM and P1 leaf primordium in the rice osh1 mutant being less obvious than that in the wild type, showing boundary defects in the SAM and leaves. In addition, the literature also reported that a rice member of the MCTP family, OsFTIP7, is highly expressed in anthers before pollen mitosis and promotes the nuclear localization of OSH1. In the late stage of anther development, the OSH1 protein in turn directly inhibits the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUCCA4. It downregulates auxin levels during pollen mitosis and controls the timing of anther dehiscence to release mature pollen grains during rice flowering.

[0006] In summary, the development of wheat spikelets is a relatively complex and important process. Discovering the key genes that control the development of wheat spikelets has become a technical problem that needs to be urgently solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a use of a TaOSH1 protein or a fusion protein of a TaOSH1 protein, or a gene encoding the same, or a biological material containing the gene encoding the same, in regulating wheat phenotype; the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a) Sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 1-3; (b) A sequence having the function of regulating wheat phenotype by replacing, and / or deleting, and / or adding one or more amino acid residues in the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1-3.

[0008] In some embodiments, the fusion protein is an amino acid sequence obtained by connecting a tag, an enzyme cleavage site and / or a connecting peptide sequence to the N-terminus and / or C-terminus of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID No. 1-3.

[0009] In the art, substitution with amino acids with similar or close properties usually does not change the function of the protein; adding one or more amino acids to the C-terminus and / or N-terminus usually does not change the function of the protein.

[0010] In some embodiments, the wheat phenotype includes at least one of wheat plant height, wheat plant ear length, number of wheat spikelets per ear, wheat grain length, wheat grain width, wheat grain thousand-grain weight, and number of wheat grains per ear.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of TaOSH1 protein or a fusion protein of TaOSH1 protein, or a gene encoding the same, or a biological material containing the gene encoding the same, in regulating wheat yield; the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a) Sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 1-3; (b)Sequences which are obtained by substituting, and / or deleting, and / or adding one or several amino acid residues to the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO.1-3 and which have the function of regulating wheat yield.

[0012] The present invention discovers that TaOSH1 the number of grains per spike, which is one of the three elements affecting yield, is affected by the number of spikelets per spike and the number of grains per spike. At the same time TaOSH1 the grain weight, which is one of the three elements affecting yield, is affected by grain length, grain width and 1000-grain weight. Thus, TaOSH1 affects wheat yield through the number of grains per spike and grain weight.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present invention provides the use of TaOSH1 protein or TaOSH1 fusion protein, or its coding gene, or biological material containing its coding gene in wheat variety improvement; the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a)The sequences shown in SEQ ID No.1-3; (b)Sequences which are obtained by substituting, and / or deleting, and / or adding one or several amino acid residues to the sequences shown in SEQ ID NO.1-3 and which have the function of regulating wheat phenotype or yield.

[0014] In some embodiments, wheat variety improvement is carried out by means of transgenic technology, hybridization, backcrossing, self-crossing or asexual reproduction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is the sequence shown in SEQ ID No.7, SEQ ID No.8 or SEQ ID No.9.

[0016] The above amino acid sequences are mutants of the TaOSH1 protein shown in SEQ ID No.1-3.

[0017] In some embodiments, the coding gene of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a)The sequences shown in SEQ ID No.4-6; (b)DNA molecules which are formed by substituting one to several bases and / or inserting and / or deleting one to several bases or inserting / deleting / shifting / inverting large fragment nucleotide sequences on the basis of SEQ ID NO.4-6 and which can affect wheat phenotype or yield.

[0018] In some embodiments, the coding gene of the TaOSH1 protein is the sequence shown in SEQ ID No.10, SEQ ID No.11 or SEQ ID No.12.

[0019] The above nucleic acid sequences are mutants of the genes shown in SEQ ID No.4-6.

[0020] In some embodiments, the wheat phenotype or wheat yield is regulated by adjusting the expression level or activity of TaOSH1 protein or gene.

[0021] Preferably, the expression level or activity of TaOSH1 protein or gene is adjusted by in situ hybridization technology, transgenic technology or gene editing technology.

[0022] Preferably, the biological material is recombinant DNA, expression cassette, transposon, plasmid vector, viral vector, engineered bacterium or non-renewable plant cell or tissue.

[0023] In the present invention, gene sequences can generally be obtained by PCR amplification, recombination or artificial synthesis methods. Protein sequences can be produced by solid-phase techniques through direct synthesis of polypeptides.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention discovers for the first time that TaOSH1 protein, its coding gene and related biological materials play important roles in regulating wheat ear development and wheat grain development, and regulate wheat yield by regulating wheat ear development and wheat grain development. The present invention provides a theoretical basis for expanding the molecular regulatory network of wheat spikelet development and provides an important direction for wheat breeding and yield improvement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 For EMS mutagenesis TaOSH1 -A, TaOSH1 -B and TaOSH1 -D schematic diagram of genomic mutation positions.

[0026] Figure 2 For EMS mutagenesis TaOSH1 Result diagram of reduced plant height, reduced spike length and reduced number of spikelets per spike in EMS-mutagenized wheat plants.

[0027] Figure 3 For EMS mutagenesis TaOSH1 Result diagram of reduced 1000-grain weight due to reduced grain length and grain width in EMS-mutagenized wheat grains.

[0028] Figure 4 For EMS mutagenesis TaOSH1 Result diagram of reduced number of grains per spike in EMS-mutagenized wheat plants.

[0029] Figure 5 For in situ hybridization detection TaOSH1 Result diagram of expression in young spikes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0033] The present invention relates to molecular biology experiments. If not otherwise specified, reference can be made to the book "Molecular Cloning" (written by J. Sambrook, E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis, published by Science Press in 1994). This book and its subsequent published versions are the most commonly used and guiding reference books for those skilled in the art when performing experiments related to molecular biology. In addition, according to different experimental purposes, those skilled in the art can complete corresponding experiments under the guidance of the operation manuals attached to various commercial kits (Kit) or entrust professional companies to perform them, such as gene sequencing.

[0034] Example 1 Detection of EMS Mutants In this example, gene cloning technology is used to identify specific genes (genetic mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)) so as to discover the functions of the genes. In this example, the TaOSH1 -A, TaOSH1 -B and TaOSH1 -D mutants with Jing 411 as the background were obtained from the research group of Liu Luxiang. The amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1-A protein before mutation is shown in SEQ ID No.1 (the coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.4), the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1-B protein before mutation is shown in SEQ ID No.2 (the coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.5), the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1-D protein before mutation is shown in SEQ ID No.3 (the coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.6), and the genomic mutation positions of EMS mutagenesis TaOSH1 -A, TaOSH1 -B and TaOSH1 -D are as shown in Figure 1As shown, the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1-A protein after mutagenesis is shown in SEQ ID No.7 (the coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.10), the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1-B protein is shown in SEQ ID No.8 (the coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.11), and the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1-D protein is shown in SEQ ID No.9 (the coding gene sequence is shown in SEQ ID No.12). According to the re-sequencing data of the EMS mutants of Jing 411, primers TaOSH1 -A-F / R, TaOSH1 -B-F / R, TaOSH1 -D-F / R are respectively shown in SEQ ID No.13 to 18. The PCR system used is shown in Table 1. Take 10 μL of the product for 1.2% agarose gel electrophoresis, and sequence the remaining product.

[0035] Table 1

[0036] Example 2 Phenotypic statistics of TaOSH1 gene mutant plants by EMS mutagenesis Select wild-type plants of Jing 411 and EMS-mutagenized TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutant plants, with 5 individual plants of each type, conduct phenotypic statistics and photographic records of plant height, spike length, and the number of spikelets per spike, and analyze the obtained data using Graphpad Prism Version software.

[0037] The results are as Figure 2 shown: The plant height of the EMS-mutagenized TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1-b / Taosh1- d is significantly reduced; the spike length of the EMS-mutagenized TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1-b / Taosh1- d is significantly shortened; the number of spikelets per spike of the EMS-mutagenized TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1-b / Taosh1- d is significantly reduced.

[0038] Example 3 Phenotypic statistics of TaOSH1 gene mutant grains by EMS mutagenesis Select wild-type plants of Jing 411 and EMS-mutagenized TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutant plants, with 5 individual plants of each type, conduct statistics and photographic records of grain length, grain width, the number of grains per spike, and 1000-grain weight phenotypes. The grain phenotypes are statistically analyzed by the Wanshen SC-G automatic seed measurement analysis and 1000-grain weight system software, and the obtained data are analyzed using Graphpad Prism Version software.

[0039] The results are as follows Figure 3 and Figure 4 show that the grain length of EMS-induced TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1-b / Taosh1-d is significantly shortened; the grain width of EMS-induced TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1-b / Taosh1-d is significantly shortened; the 1000-grain weight of EMS-induced TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1-b / Taosh1-d is significantly reduced; the number of grains per spike of EMS-induced TaOSH1-A / B / D gene mutants Taosh1-a / Taosh1- b / Taosh1-d is significantly reduced.

[0040] Example 4 In situ hybridization detection OSH1 of the expression in young spikes I. Material fixation and embedding: Prepare materials: freshly prepared plant tissue fixative, scissors, forceps, wax cups, wax bowls, and RNase-free centrifuge tubes sterilized at 180°C. Drug preparation (all for RNA experiments only, RNase-free): DEPC water, glacial acetic acid, ethanol, formaldehyde, xylene, chloroform, wax blocks.

[0041] Material fixation: Select fresh wheat plants, use tools such as scissors and forceps sterilized at high temperature to remove the leaves wrapping the young spikes of the plants, leaving only a few layers of young leaves to protect the young spikes, and immerse them in freshly prepared formalin-acetic acid-ethanol fixative. Then, perform vacuum pumping for 15 minutes and slowly release the air. Repeat this 2-3 times until the materials sink to the bottom, and then change to fresh fixative and keep them in a 4°C refrigerator overnight. Fixative formula (50% FAA): 50 mL of 100% anhydrous ethanol (final concentration 50%), 5 mL of 100% glacial acetic acid (final concentration 5%), 10 mL of 37% formaldehyde (final concentration 3.7%), and 35 mL of DEPC water.

[0042] Dehydration and clearing: Dehydrate the samples in freshly prepared ethanol with different concentration gradients in sequence: 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 100%, 100%, for 30 minutes each. Transfer the samples to different gradients of xylene solutions for treatment in sequence: 25% xylene / 75% ethanol for 40 minutes, 50% xylene / 50% ethanol for 40 minutes, 75% xylene / 25% ethanol for 40 minutes, 100% xylene for 1 hour, 100% xylene for 1 hour, 100% xylene for 1 hour. Finally, transfer the samples to a 10% chloroform / 90% xylene solution, add about 20 wax pieces to it, and place it in a fume hood overnight.

[0043] Wax infiltration: Place the sample in an incubator at 42°C to melt the wax block inside. Then add a new wax block and let it completely melt at 42°C. Add wax flakes in small amounts multiple times until the wax flakes no longer melt. Pour out the wax liquid in the container and pour in pre-melted fresh wax liquid at 60°C. Place it in an incubator at 60°C overnight. In the following 2 - 3 days: Repeat wax replacement. Replace the fresh wax liquid every about 12 hours.

[0044] Embedding: Pour fresh wax liquid into the folded paper box, neatly place the material in it, and put it in cold water to promote coagulation after the surface of the wax liquid solidifies. After the wax block completely solidifies, air-dry it and store it at 4°C.

[0045] II. Sectioning Trim the wax block into a frustum with a blade and stick the trimmed wax block to the anvil. Set the thickness of the microtome to 8 µm. Place the cut wax ribbon into DEPC water at 42°C. After the wax ribbon unfolds and flattens, stick it onto the glass slide, blot the residual water with absorbent paper, place the glass slide on the oven to dry, and then transfer it to an incubator at 42°C for continuous drying for 2 - 3 days.

[0046] III. Probe Preparation Ligate the gene-specific fragment to the pGEMT-easy (Promega, USA) vector. According to the gene sequence and the restriction enzyme sites on the vector, select the corresponding enzymes (T7 reverse transcriptase) for the sense probe and the antisense probe respectively to digest the plasmid. After extracting the plasmid, perform digestion with the corresponding enzymes and detect whether it is completely digested by agarose gel electrophoresis. After digestion, add an equal volume of chloroform for extraction, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes, transfer the supernatant to a centrifuge tube, add another equal volume of chloroform for extraction, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 5 minutes, transfer the supernatant to a centrifuge tube, repeat chloroform extraction once, and take the supernatant. Add 3 M sodium acetate solution to the above aqueous phase to make the final concentration reach 0.3 M, then add 2 volumes of pre-cooled absolute ethanol, and place it at -20°C overnight. After taking out the sample, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 10 minutes and discard the supernatant. Add 500 µL of 70% ethanol solution, centrifuge at 12,000 rpm at 4°C for 5 minutes, and discard the supernatant; repeat once. After removing the residual liquid with a pipette tip, air-dry it and dissolve it in an appropriate amount of DEPC water; the primers YW-OSH1-F, YW-OSH1-R, YW-OSH1-F-T7, and YW-OSH1-R-T7 used in probe preparation are shown in SEQ ID No.19 - SEQ ID No.22.

[0047] IV. In Vitro Transcription In vitro transcription was carried out with reference to the instructions of Roche DIG RNA Labeling Kit (Roche, Switzerland) and slightly modified according to the experiment. All materials and drugs were RNase-free. The steps were as follows: Add the following system to a RNase-free centrifuge tube: 1 μg of DNA and add DEPC water to 13 μL. Then add the following reagents to the system: 2 μL of 10× NTP Labeling mixture, 2 μL of 10× transcription buffer, 1 μL of RNase inhibitor, 2 μL of RNA polymerase. After gently mixing, centrifuge and incubate at 37 °C for 2 hours. Then add 2 μL of DNase I, RNase-free, incubate at 37 °C for 15 minutes, and add 2 μL of 0.2 M EDTA (pH 8.0) to terminate the reaction. Then add 2.5 μL of 4M LiCl and 75 µL of pre-cooled absolute ethanol, mix well, and leave overnight at -20 °C. Centrifuge at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 20 minutes, discard the supernatant, add 500 μL of 70% ethanol, centrifuge at 4 °C, 12,000 rpm for 5 minutes, discard the supernatant, aspirate the residual liquid with a pipette tip, and air-dry. Finally, add DEPC water, detect the quality of the probe by gel electrophoresis, aliquot, and store at -80 °C.

[0048] V. In situ hybridization 1. Slide preparation 1) Dewaxing and rehydration. Dewax the slides in xylene with different concentration gradients, successively: 100% xylene for 10 minutes, 100% xylene for 10 minutes, 75% xylene / 25% ethanol for 20 minutes, 25% xylene / 75% ethanol for 10 minutes.

[0049] Transfer the slides to ethanol with different concentration gradients for rehydration, successively: 100% ethanol for 2 minutes, 95% ethanol for 2 minutes, 80% ethanol for 2 minutes, 60% ethanol for 2 minutes, 30% ethanol for 2 minutes. Finally, place the slides in DEPC water for 2 minutes.

[0050] 2) Treat the slides in 0.25 M hydrochloric acid solution for 20 minutes.

[0051] 3) Treat the slides in DEPC water for 5 minutes.

[0052] 4) Treat the slides in 2× SSC solution for 20 minutes.

[0053] 5) Treat the slides in DEPC water for 5 minutes.

[0054] 6) Transfer the slides to a 4 μg / μL proteinase K solution and incubate at 37 °C for 30 minutes. Note to preheat the proteinase K buffer and add the proteinase K immediately before putting it on the slides.

[0055] 7) Treat the slides in 1× PBS solution for 2 minutes.

[0056] 8) Treat the sections in 0.2% glycine (dissolved in 1×PBS, freshly prepared) for 2 minutes.

[0057] 9) Treat the sections twice in 1×PBS solution, 2 minutes each time.

[0058] 10) Treat the sections in 4% formaldehyde solution (prepared with 1×PBS) for 10 minutes.

[0059] 11) Treat the sections twice in 1×PBS solution, 5 minutes each time.

[0060] 12) Add 536 μL of triethanolamine, 160 μL of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 200 μL of acetic anhydride to every 40 mL of 1×PBS solution. Stir well and then place the sections in it for 5 minutes.

[0061] 13) Treat the sections twice in 1×PBS solution, 5 minutes each time.

[0062] 2. Hybridization 1) Preheat the hybridization solution and 50% formamide at 80°C.

[0063] 2) Prepare the probe: Add 60 μL of 50% formamide to 5 μL of the probe, denature it in a water bath at 80°C for 2 minutes, and immediately place it on ice to prevent renaturation.

[0064] 3) Add 120 μL of the hybridization solution to the probe and mix well.

[0065] 4) Spread all of the above solution evenly onto the corresponding glass slides, cover with sealing film, and place in a humid chamber.

[0066] 5) Place the humid chamber in the dark in an incubator at 50°C overnight.

[0067] 3. Washing the slides 1) Place the sections in 0.2×SSC solution preheated to 50°C, incubate at 50°C for 1 hour, twice.

[0068] 2) Transfer the sections to NTE solution preheated to 37°C, incubate at 37°C for 2 times, 5 minutes each time.

[0069] 3) Transfer the sections to 5 μg / μL RNase A solution (in NTE preheated to 37°C), incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes.

[0070] 4) Transfer the sections to NTE solution preheated to 37°C, treat at 37°C for 2 times, 5 minutes each time.

[0071] 5) Place the sections in 0.2×SSC solution preheated to 50°C, incubate at 50°C for 1 hour.

[0072] 4. Detection 1) Place the slices in 1× TBS solution for 5 minutes.

[0073] 2) Place the sections in 1% blocking solution for 45 minutes.

[0074] 3) Place the slices in BSA / Triton / TBS for 45 minutes.

[0075] 4) Take 0.6 μL of biotin antibody and 600 μL of BSA / Triton / TBS solution, apply them evenly on each slide, cover with sealing film, put into a wet box, keep at room temperature and avoid light for 2 hours.

[0076] 5) Treat the sections in BSA / Triton / TBS solution for 15 minutes, for a total of 4 times.

[0077] 6) Use TEddH 2 Wash slides twice, 5 minutes each time.

[0078] 7) Add 2 μL NBT / BCIP and 100 μL TEddHO to each slide. 2 O, cover with sealing film, place in a humidified box, away from light, at room temperature, and leave overnight.

[0079] 8) Observe and take photos under a microscope.

[0080] Figure 5 In the context of Beijing 411 OSH1 The results of in situ hybridization on young panicles.

[0081] From the experimental results of all the above embodiments, it can be seen that OSH1 The number of spikelets per ear and the number of grains per ear affect the three factors of yield. OSH1 The grain length, grain width and thousand-grain weight affect the grain weight of the three major factors of yield. OSH1 The yield is affected by the number of grains per ear and grain weight.

[0082] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of TaOSH1 protein or a fusion protein of TaOSH1 protein, or a gene encoding the same, or a biological material containing the gene encoding the same, in regulating wheat phenotype; the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a) Sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 1-3; (b) A sequence having the function of regulating wheat phenotype by replacing, and / or deleting, and / or adding one or more amino acid residues in the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1-3.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wheat phenotype includes at least one of wheat plant height, wheat plant ear length, number of spikelets per wheat ear, wheat grain length, wheat grain width, wheat grain thousand-grain weight, and number of grains per wheat ear.

3. Application of TaOSH1 protein or a fusion protein of TaOSH1 protein, or a gene encoding the same, or a biological material containing the gene encoding the same, in regulating wheat yield; the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a) Sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 1-3; (b) A sequence having the function of regulating wheat yield after one or more amino acid residues are substituted, deleted, and / or added to the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1-3.

4. Application of TaOSH1 protein or a fusion protein of TaOSH1 protein, or a gene encoding the same, or a biological material containing the gene encoding the same, in wheat variety improvement; the amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a) Sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 1-3; (b) A sequence having the function of regulating wheat phenotype or yield by replacing, and / or deleting, and / or adding one or more amino acid residues in the sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1-3.

5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The amino acid sequence of the TaOSH1 protein is the sequence shown in SEQ ID No.7, SEQ ID No.8 or SEQ ID No.

9.

6. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The coding gene of the TaOSH1 protein is at least one of the following: (a) Sequences shown in SEQ ID No. 4-6; (b) A DNA molecule capable of affecting wheat phenotype or yield formed by substitution of one or several bases and / or insertion and / or deletion of one or several bases or insertion / deletion / shift / inversion of a large fragment of nucleotide sequence based on SEQ ID NO. 4-6.

7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coding gene of the TaOSH1 protein is the sequence shown in SEQ ID No.10, SEQ ID No.11 or SEQ ID No.

12.

8. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Wheat phenotype or wheat yield is regulated by adjusting the expression level or activity of TaOSH1 protein or gene.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The expression level or activity of TaOSH1 protein or gene is regulated by in situ hybridization technology, transgenic technology or gene editing technology.

10. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The biological material is recombinant DNA, expression cassette, transposon, plasmid vector, virus vector, engineered bacteria or non-renewable plant cells or tissues.

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