Precious metal recovery method of precious metal refining wastewater

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of precious metal recovery, and discloses a precious metal recovery method for precious metal refining wastewater, which comprises the following steps: optimizing the current distribution of an electrolytic bath, and adopting a nano conductive material and a low overpotential catalytic electrode material; current, voltage and reaction time are adjusted in real time; an electrolyte and a temperature control system are optimized, and the energy efficiency is improved; precious metal is recycled through electrolytic reduction and purification, and the purity is improved; operation is adjusted according to feedback data to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system; the invention further provides a precious metal recovery system for the precious metal refining wastewater. The system comprises an electrolytic bath, a current control module, a real-time feedback control module, a temperature control module and a data acquisition module. A real-time feedback control module and an optimization control algorithm are adopted, parameters such as current, voltage and temperature in the electrolysis process can be monitored in real time and automatically adjusted, and the purpose of maintaining the stability and optimal efficiency of the electrolysis process in a complex environment is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of precious metal recovery, and specifically to a method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater. Background Art

[0002] The recovery of precious metals has important economic significance in many industrial fields. Especially in the process of treating precious metal refining wastewater, how to efficiently recover precious metals and improve the recovery rate has become a key challenge in current precious metal recovery technologies. Existing precious metal recovery technologies mainly include physical methods, chemical methods, and electrolysis methods. Among them, the electrolysis method is widely used because of its simple operation and high efficiency.

[0003] In traditional electrolytic recovery technologies, the current distribution in the electrolytic cell is often uneven, resulting in unstable electrolytic reactions. Specifically, in the electrolytic cell, due to the electrode layout and the fluidity of the electrolyte, the current density may be locally too high or too low. This not only affects the reduction efficiency of precious metals but also may lead to excessive consumption or uneven deposition of the electrodes, thus affecting the quality of the finally recovered metal. This problem is particularly prominent in complex precious metal wastewaters because these wastewaters usually contain multiple different metal ions, further exacerbating the complexity of the current density unevenness problem. In addition, existing technologies lack an accurate real-time feedback mechanism for controlling current, voltage, and temperature during electrolysis. Although some electrolytic devices are equipped with basic current and voltage regulation systems, they often cannot real-time monitor key parameters such as the temperature of the electrolyte and the concentration of precious metals, resulting in the electrolytic reaction conditions being difficult to maintain in the optimal state. Therefore, the efficiency of the electrolysis process and the precious metal recovery rate are often limited by the system's adaptability and cannot cope with changes in the external environment. Especially in the process of treating high-concentration precious metal wastewaters, the lack of an effective real-time adjustment mechanism makes it difficult to ensure the stability and recovery effect of the electrolysis process. For this reason, those skilled in the art have proposed a method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater, which solves problems such as uneven current distribution and lack of real-time control in existing electrolytic recovery technologies.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater, comprising the following steps: Optimize the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell to ensure uniform current distribution in the electrolytic cell. By adjusting the electrode layout and using nano-conductive materials, the surface area of the electrode is increased; Accelerate the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions. By using a catalytic electrode material with a low overpotential, the relationship between the current density and the overpotential conforms to the Tafel equation; Implement real-time optimization control. Adjust the current, voltage, and reaction time in the electrolytic cell through real-time feedback data to ensure that the electrolysis process remains in the optimal state; Improve the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process. By optimizing the electrolyte composition, reaction conditions, and temperature control system, reduce the voltage during the electrolysis process and decrease energy consumption; Carry out precious metal recovery and purification. Through the electrolytic reduction process, reduce precious metal ions to metals and improve the purity of precious metals through further purification steps; According to the real-time feedback data, adjust the parameters during the electrolysis process to ensure the stable operation of the system and further improve the recovery efficiency of precious metals.

[0006] Preferably, the steps of optimizing the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell include: Use finite element analysis to simulate the electric field in the electrolytic cell; Optimize the electrode shape and arrangement according to the electric field distribution to ensure uniform current density distribution in the electrolytic cell.

[0007] Preferably, the steps of accelerating the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions include: By selecting and using a catalytic electrode material, the electrode material is a platinum group metal or a nanometal composite material; Optimize the components in the electrolyte to reduce the overpotential of the reaction and accelerate the reduction process of precious metal ions.

[0008] Preferably, the steps of real-time optimization control include: Define the objective function and use the optimal control theory to dynamically adjust the current, voltage, and reaction time parameters in the electrolytic cell; Use machine learning optimization algorithms to automatically adjust the parameters during real-time operation to optimize the recovery efficiency of precious metals.

[0009] Preferably, the steps of improving the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process include: Design and implement a temperature control system. Optimize the reaction conditions by controlling the temperature of the electrolyte to reduce the energy consumption during the electrolysis process; Combine with a green energy system to assist the electrolysis process and further improve the energy efficiency of the system.

[0010] Preferably, the steps of precious metal recovery and purification include: During the electrolysis process, reduce precious metal ions to solid metals and deposit them through the electrodes; Adopt methods such as solvent extraction and ion exchange to further purify the recovered precious metals to ensure high purity of precious metals.

[0011] Preferably, the adjustment step of the real-time feedback data includes: Configure a sensor system to collect data in the electrolytic cell in real time, including current, voltage, and precious metal concentration; Analyze the real-time data through a central control system and adjust the operating parameters during the electrolysis process based on an optimization control algorithm.

[0012] Preferably, the optimization of the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell includes: Adopt a nano-scale catalytic material electrode to increase the number of reaction sites on the electrode surface and optimize the surface structure of the electrode; Optimize the electrolyte composition by adjusting the concentration of acidity or salinity in the electrolyte to improve the conductivity of the electrolyte.

[0013] Preferably, the acceleration of the reaction rate of the electrolysis includes: Select a catalytic electrode material with a lower overpotential and reduce the energy loss during the reaction by adjusting the current density and the composition of the electrolyte; Use a high-efficiency catalytic electrode material during the electrolysis process to improve the current density and reaction rate by increasing the specific surface area of the electrode.

[0014] A precious metal recovery system for precious metal refining wastewater is also provided, including: An electrolytic cell, which is provided with electrodes inside for carrying out the reduction reaction of precious metal ions; A current control module for adjusting the current density and voltage in the electrolytic cell to ensure uniform current distribution on the electrode surface; A real-time feedback control module for monitoring the current, voltage, and precious metal concentration parameters in the electrolytic cell in real time through sensors and adjusting the electrolysis process according to an optimization control algorithm; A temperature control module for adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte to ensure that the electrolysis reaction is carried out at the optimal temperature; A data acquisition module for collecting and transmitting various real-time data during the electrolysis process for optimization and adjustment through a central control system.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts a real-time feedback control module and an optimization control algorithm, which can monitor and automatically adjust parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature during the electrolysis process in real time, achieving the stability and optimal efficiency of the electrolysis process in a complex environment. Compared with the control scheme that requires manual adjustment in the prior art, the present invention solves the problem that manual intervention is difficult to cope with environmental changes, making the system operation more intelligent and automated.

[0016] 2. The present invention adopts an efficient current control module and optimized design of the electrolytic cell, ensuring uniform distribution of current on the electrode surface, effectively avoiding the problem of unstable electrolytic reaction caused by uneven local current density. Compared with the uneven current distribution commonly found in traditional electrolysis systems, the present invention improves the recovery rate of precious metals and the stability of the electrolysis process.

[0017] 3. The present invention introduces a temperature control module to precisely adjust the temperature of the electrolyte, ensuring that the electrolytic reaction proceeds within the optimal temperature range, thereby accelerating the reaction rate and improving energy efficiency. Different from the prior art that often ignores the influence of temperature on the reaction, the present invention can efficiently control temperature changes and reduce energy waste.

[0018] 4. The present invention adopts the collaborative work of a data acquisition module and a central control system to collect and analyze various data during the electrolysis process in real time, ensuring real-time optimization and adjustment of the entire system. Different from the single control or monitoring methods in traditional technologies, the present invention solves the problem of joint regulation of multiple parameters, improving the overall working efficiency of the system and the purity of precious metal recovery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 , the embodiments of the present invention provide a method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater, including the following steps: S1. Optimize the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell to ensure uniform distribution of current in the electrolytic cell by adjusting the electrode layout and using nano-conductive materials; Specifically, optimizing the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell is a key step to ensure the efficient progress of the precious metal recovery method. This step aims to achieve uniform distribution of current density inside the electrolytic cell through the improvement of the electrolytic cell design, thereby improving the efficiency of the electrolytic reaction and effectively reducing the energy loss during the reaction process. In subsequent steps, such as the reduction and purification processes of precious metal ions, they all rely on the stability and uniformity of the current distribution in the electrolytic cell. Therefore, optimizing the current density distribution is not only the basis for the stability of the electrolysis process but also the prerequisite for achieving efficient recovery.

[0022] The current density in the electrolytic cell often exhibits non-uniformity, which can lead to overly intense electrolytic reactions in some areas while insufficient electrolytic reactions may occur in other areas. Therefore, the present invention optimizes the current density through various means to ensure that the reaction rate and recovery efficiency in the electrolytic cell reach the optimal state.

[0023] In this embodiment, the finite element analysis method is first used to simulate and analyze the electric field distribution in the electrolytic cell. Through precise electric field simulation, the changing trend of the current density in each area of the electrolytic cell can be intuitively understood, providing a theoretical basis for further optimizing the electrode layout. Specifically, the finite element analysis can detail the intensity and distribution law of the electric field and provide accurate data on the current distribution. These data will serve as the basis for subsequent electrode design and electrolytic cell structure adjustment to ensure uniform distribution of the current density.

[0024] The electrodes in the electrolytic cell are not simply arranged linearly but have a carefully designed complex structure. For example, multiple electrodes with different shapes can be installed in the electrolytic cell. These electrodes can be circular, elliptical, or curved. By using these special-shaped electrodes, not only can the electric field distribution be changed, but also the current uniformity in the electrolytic cell can be effectively improved. Such electrode design can significantly enhance the uniformity of the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell, avoiding the problem of excessively high local current density that may occur in traditional electrolytic cells.

[0025] In addition, in the design of the electrolytic cell, nano-conductive materials (such as composite materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes) can be used to construct the electrode surface. These materials have excellent electrical conductivity and can significantly increase the surface area of the electrode. During the electrolysis process, due to the increased surface area of the electrode, the current can be more evenly distributed on the electrode surface, thus effectively avoiding the phenomenon of excessive local current density. Specifically, the use of graphene and carbon nanotube composite materials can form a more complex nano-structure on the electrode surface. This structure not only increases the uniformity of the current distribution but also improves the reaction efficiency of the electrode.

[0026] To further optimize the distribution of the current density, the geometric shape of the electrolytic cell has also been specially designed. By adjusting the height, width of the electrolytic cell, and the liquid flow path inside the cell, the distribution of the electric field can be more precisely controlled. For example, by increasing the turbulence of the liquid flow in the electrolytic cell, the uniformity of the solution in the electrolytic cell can be improved, thereby indirectly improving the uniform distribution of the current density.

[0027] To further achieve the optimization of the current density distribution, the present invention combines the relationship between the current density in the electrolytic cell and factors such as the conductivity of the electrolyte and the geometric shape of the cell body. Specifically, the current density (unit: A / m²) can be expressed by the following formula: ; Where: is the conductivity of the electrolyte (unit: S / m); is the electric field strength (unit: V / m); is the thickness of the liquid in the electrolytic cell (unit: m).

[0028] According to the above formula, the current density is closely related to the conductivity of the electrolyte, the geometric structure of the cell body, and the strength of the electric field. Therefore, in order to achieve a uniform distribution of the current density, the following optimization methods can be adopted: Increase the conductivity of the electrolyte: By adjusting the composition of the electrolyte, the conductivity of the electrolyte is brought to the optimal state, so as to obtain a more uniform current distribution under the same voltage.

[0029] Optimize the geometry of the electrolytic cell: By improving the geometry of the cell body, the distribution of the electric field is changed, making the current density in the electrolytic cell more uniform.

[0030] By optimizing the current density distribution, the uniformity of the electrolysis reaction can be significantly improved, thereby increasing the reduction rate of precious metal ions, reducing energy waste, and improving the recovery efficiency.

[0031] In addition, this embodiment can also be combined with a modern real-time data acquisition and feedback control system to make the optimization of the current density more flexible and intelligent. In this system, sensors continuously monitor parameters such as the current density distribution, liquid temperature, and electrolyte concentration in the electrolytic cell, and the data is transmitted to the central control system in real time. The central system will dynamically adjust the current density distribution according to this data to further ensure the efficiency of the electrolysis process.

[0032] Through this real-time monitoring and adjustment mechanism, the working state of the electrolytic cell can be automatically adjusted according to the changes in the internal environment of the electrolytic cell, ensuring that the current density distribution always remains within the optimal range. This can not only cope with the changes in the current density distribution in different parts of the electrolytic cell, but also achieve dynamic adjustment to ensure the efficient recovery of precious metals.

[0033] S2. Accelerate the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions. By using a catalytic electrode material with a low overpotential, the relationship between the current density and the overpotential conforms to the Tafel equation; Specifically, accelerating the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions is one of the important steps in the precious metal recovery process. The reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions directly affects the recovery efficiency, which is particularly important in low-concentration precious metal wastewater. To improve the recovery rate of precious metals, the present invention significantly accelerates the reduction rate of precious metal ions by selecting an efficient catalytic electrode material and optimizing the composition of the electrolyte. This step is based on the optimization of the current density distribution described above. By ensuring a uniform current density distribution, the reduction reaction conditions are further optimized to ensure that precious metal ions can be reduced and deposited in the shortest time.

[0034] The reduction process of precious metal ions is greatly affected by overpotential. Overpotential refers to the additional voltage required to reach the desired reaction current density on the electrode surface during electrolysis. It causes energy loss and reduces the reaction rate. Therefore, reducing overpotential and accelerating the reduction reaction of precious metal ions is the key to improving the precious metal recovery efficiency. By selecting a catalytic electrode material with low overpotential, this energy loss can be effectively reduced and the reaction rate can be increased.

[0035] In this embodiment, platinum group metals (such as platinum, palladium, etc.) or other low-overpotential catalysts (such as nanometal composites) are used as electrode materials. These materials have excellent catalytic performance during the electrolysis reaction, can significantly reduce the overpotential of the reaction. Specifically, platinum group metal electrodes can effectively increase the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions, reduce energy waste, and at the same time can stabilize the reaction process and avoid uneven deposition.

[0036] In addition to using platinum group metals, the present invention can also select nanoscale catalytic electrode materials. These materials have a large specific surface area and high catalytic activity, can significantly enhance the reaction efficiency of the electrode. For example, the use of carbon nanotube and graphene composites can greatly increase the electrolysis reaction rate and reduce energy consumption. These materials not only improve the surface activity of the electrode but also effectively promote the reduction process of precious metal ions.

[0037] During the acceleration of the reduction reaction rate, the overpotential of the electrode is a key parameter. The overpotential can be described by the Tafel equation: ; where: is the overpotential (unit: V); and are constants, representing the constant term and slope of the reaction respectively; is the current density (unit: A / m²); is the exchange current density (unit: A / m²).

[0038] Specifically, by using a low overpotential catalytic electrode material (such as platinum group metals), the overpotential in the formula can be significantly reduced. Thereby, the current density can be increased. The reduction rate under this condition is improved, which not only reduces energy waste but also enables precious metal ions to be reduced to the metallic form more efficiently, thereby enhancing the recovery efficiency.

[0039] In addition, to further increase the rate of the reduction reaction, it can also be achieved by optimizing the composition of the electrolyte. In some embodiments, an electrolyte containing an appropriate amount of acidic or alkaline solution is used, which can effectively improve the conductivity of the electrolyte and reduce the resistance during the electrolysis process. Specifically, increasing the acidity or alkalinity of the solution can accelerate the migration rate of ions, thereby increasing the reaction rate.

[0040] On this basis, this embodiment can also use a real-time monitoring system to detect parameters such as the pH value, temperature, and conductivity of the electrolyte, and dynamically adjust the electrolyte according to the real-time feedback. This real-time adjustment can ensure that the reaction proceeds under optimal conditions and further improve the recovery efficiency of precious metals.

[0041] In some embodiments, the concentration of the electrolyte also affects the reaction rate. A higher concentration of precious metal ions can increase the rate of the reduction reaction. Therefore, when treating wastewater, through appropriate concentration steps, the concentration of precious metal ions in the electrolyte can be increased, thereby further accelerating the reduction process.

[0042] S3. Implement real-time optimization control, and adjust the current, voltage, and reaction time in the electrolytic cell through real-time feedback data. Specifically, during the precious metal recovery process, the efficiency of the electrolysis reaction is not only affected by the electrolytic cell design and electrode materials but is also closely related to the adjustment of real-time control parameters. In this embodiment, the introduction of the real-time optimization control system aims to ensure that the precious metal recovery process is always in the best state by continuously monitoring and dynamically adjusting various operating parameters (such as current, voltage, reaction time, etc.) in the electrolytic cell. This step is based on optimizing the current density distribution in the electrolytic cell in step S1 and accelerating the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions in step S2, further enhancing the reaction efficiency and recovery rate.

[0043] During the electrolysis process, various parameters may be affected by external environmental changes (such as temperature, solution concentration, etc.) and operating conditions (such as current, voltage, etc.), resulting in unstable recovery efficiency. To avoid these problems, the present invention introduces a real-time feedback system to ensure that all operating parameters can be precisely adjusted according to real-time data, thereby improving the stability and efficiency of precious metal recovery.

[0044] In this embodiment, the real-time optimization control system consists of multiple sensors and a central control system. The sensors collect data such as current, voltage, temperature, and precious metal concentration in the electrolytic cell in real time, and feedback this information to the central control system. The central control system processes and analyzes the received real-time data, and dynamically adjusts the operating parameters during the electrolysis process according to the optimization algorithm to ensure that the precious metal recovery process is always carried out under optimal conditions.

[0045] Specifically, the sensor system includes a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a precious metal concentration sensor. Through these sensors, the system can monitor the key parameters in the electrolytic cell in real time. For example, the current sensor can detect the intensity and fluctuations of the current in the electrolytic cell; the temperature sensor can monitor the temperature changes of the electrolyte; and the precious metal concentration sensor can accurately measure the changes in the concentration of precious metal ions. Based on these data, the central control system can adjust parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature to ensure that the electrolysis process is in the most suitable state.

[0046] The central control system can also combine machine learning optimization algorithms (such as genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, etc.) to perform real-time learning and optimization on the electrolysis process. The machine learning algorithm can automatically identify and predict the relationship between operating parameters and recovery efficiency during the continuous electrolysis process, and adjust the operating parameters through the algorithm to further improve the recovery efficiency. Through this intelligent adjustment method, it is possible to better cope with the changes in the environmental conditions in the electrolytic cell and achieve efficient recovery of precious metals.

[0047] To ensure the accuracy of the real-time optimization control system, in this embodiment, the electrolysis process can also be mathematically modeled by combining the optimization control theory. The optimization problem can be expressed by the following objective function: ; Where: is the objective function, representing the optimization degree of the electrolysis process; are the parameters in the electrolysis process (such as current, voltage, etc.); is the adjustment amount of each parameter; is the weight of each parameter, representing the influence degree of the parameter on the overall optimization goal; is the total number of parameters.

[0048] By optimizing the objective function, the central control system can find the best balance point among multiple parameters, so that the electrolysis process can always be maintained under optimal conditions, maximizing the precious metal recovery efficiency.

[0049] In addition, the real-time optimization control system also incorporates the constraint conditions of various control parameters in the electrolytic cell. Specifically, parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature must be maintained within a certain range to ensure the stability and safety of the electrolytic reaction. For example, the current density must be maintained within a certain range. Excessive current density may lead to uneven deposition on the electrode surface, while too low current density will result in low recovery efficiency of precious metals. Therefore, the central control system will automatically adjust the parameters according to the real-time feedback data to maintain the stability of all operating conditions.

[0050] To further enhance the effectiveness of the real-time optimization control system, the present invention can also conduct retrospective analysis by combining historical data during the electrolysis process. For example, after each electrolysis is completed, the central control system can perform correlation analysis between the real-time data collected during the operation process and the recovery efficiency, thereby obtaining the optimal parameter combination under different operating conditions. This analysis based on historical data can provide valuable reference for future electrolysis processes and further optimize the control strategy.

[0051] The real-time optimization control system can also be linked with other control systems (such as temperature control system, flow control system, etc.). Through linked control, more precise process regulation can be achieved. For example, during the electrolysis process, the temperature control system can adjust the temperature of the electrolyte according to the instructions of the central control system to ensure that the temperature always remains within the optimal range to increase the reaction rate.

[0052] S4. Improve the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process. By optimizing the electrolyte composition, reaction conditions, and temperature control system, reduce the voltage during the electrolysis process and decrease energy consumption. Specifically, during the process of precious metal recovery, the electrolytic reaction requires a large amount of energy support. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process is crucial. In this embodiment, improving the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process involves multiple aspects, aiming to reduce energy loss through reasonable design and adjustment, thereby improving the overall recovery efficiency and reducing energy consumption. This step is based on optimizing the current density distribution in the previous step S1 and accelerating the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions in step S2, and further improves the energy efficiency of the electrolytic cell.

[0053] During the electrolysis process, energy waste may occur due to unreasonable electrolyte composition, poor electrolytic cell design, or imperfect temperature control system. To overcome these problems, the present invention proposes some methods to improve energy efficiency by optimizing the design of the electrolytic cell, improving the conductivity of the electrolyte, and introducing a temperature control system. Improving energy efficiency can not only save resources but also reduce dependence on external energy sources, making the precious metal recovery process more economical and environmentally friendly.

[0054] In this embodiment, the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process is improved by optimizing the composition of the electrolyte and the structure of the electrolytic cell. Specifically, the conductivity of the electrolyte has a direct impact on the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process. If the conductivity of the electrolyte is low, a higher voltage is required for the electrolysis process, resulting in greater energy loss. By optimizing the composition of the electrolyte, such as increasing the acidity of the solution or adding an appropriate amount of conductive salt, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be effectively increased, the voltage requirement during the electrolysis process can be reduced, the conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved, thereby reducing the operating voltage of the electrolytic cell and further reducing unnecessary energy consumption during the electrolysis process.

[0055] In this embodiment, by selecting specific electrolyte components, the electrolyte has a high conductivity, which can ensure that the electrolysis process proceeds at a low voltage and avoid excessive consumption of electrical energy. For example, sulfuric acid or sodium chloride solution can be used as the electrolyte, and these solutions have high conductivity, which helps to reduce the voltage requirement during the electrolysis process and thus reduce energy loss.

[0056] In addition, this embodiment also considers the design optimization of the electrolytic cell. The geometric shape, size, and selection of electrode materials of the electrolytic cell will all affect the electrolysis efficiency and energy consumption. By optimizing the structure of the electrolytic cell to ensure more uniform flow of the electrolyte in the cell, the rate and energy efficiency of the electrolysis reaction can be effectively improved. For example, by adjusting the height, width of the electrolytic cell and the flow path of the liquid in the cell, the uniformity of the current density and the efficiency of the electrolysis reaction can be increased.

[0057] To further improve the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process, the present invention proposes to reduce the voltage requirement during the electrolysis process by optimizing the conductivity of the electrolyte. The conductivity of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is related to the current density and voltage in the electrolytic cell and can be expressed by the following formula: ; where: is the power consumption during the electrolysis process (unit: W); is the voltage of the electrolytic cell (unit: V); is the resistance of the electrolytic cell (unit: Ω); is the conductivity of the electrolyte (unit: S / m); is the thickness of the electrolyte (unit: m); is the cross-sectional area of the electrode (unit: m²).

[0058] By optimizing the conductivity of the electrolyte , the resistance of the electrolytic cell can be reduced , thus reducing the electrical energy consumed during the electrolysis process. This optimization method can not only improve energy efficiency but also reduce unnecessary energy losses during the reaction process.

[0059] In addition, this embodiment also introduces a temperature control system to further optimize the energy efficiency during the electrolysis process. The temperature of the electrolyte has a significant impact on the rate and conductivity of the electrolysis reaction. Generally, when the temperature of the electrolyte is higher, the migration speed of ions is faster, and the conductivity of the electrolyte also increases accordingly, making the electrolysis process more efficient. To achieve this goal, the present invention adopts a temperature control system to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte so that it is always within the optimal reaction temperature range.

[0060] The temperature control system can automatically adjust the temperature of the electrolyte according to real-time feedback data to ensure that the electrolysis reaction proceeds at the optimal temperature. By introducing the temperature control system, the present invention can reduce the reaction instability caused by temperature fluctuations and further improve the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process.

[0061] In addition, the energy efficiency during the electrolysis process can be further improved by the application of green energy. For example, during the operation of the electrolytic cell, renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy can be used to provide auxiliary power for the electrolysis process. In this way, not only can the consumption of traditional energy be reduced, but also the overall energy efficiency of the electrolysis process can be further improved.

[0062] S5. Conduct precious metal recovery and purification. Through the electrolytic reduction process, precious metal ions are reduced to metals, and the purity of precious metals is improved through further purification steps. Specifically, in the wastewater of precious metal refining, the recovery and purification of precious metals are important steps to ensure the final high-purity precious metals. This step aims to achieve the efficient recovery of precious metals through electrolytic reduction reactions and subsequent purification methods, and ensure that the recovered precious metals have a high purity. In this embodiment, after reducing precious metal ions by current in the electrolytic cell, the recovered precious metal metallization products need to undergo a series of purification processes to remove impurities, thereby obtaining precious metals that meet the requirements of industrial applications.

[0063] The deposition of precious metals during the electrolytic reduction process is often accompanied by the deposition of impurities of other metals, which will affect the purity of the recovered precious metals. Therefore, during the recovery of precious metals, in addition to the electrolytic reduction reaction, further purification steps are needed to remove these impurities and ensure the high purity of the recovered metals. For this purpose, the present invention adopts technologies such as solvent extraction and ion exchange to further improve the purity of the recovered metals.

[0064] In this embodiment, firstly, noble metal ions in wastewater are reduced to solid noble metals through an electrolysis reaction and deposited on the electrode surface. This process can effectively recover most of the noble metals in the wastewater. However, due to the possible co-deposition of other metal ions with noble metals during the electrolysis process, the recovered noble metals need to go through a purification step to remove the impurity metals therein.

[0065] The purification step mainly includes two methods: solvent extraction and ion exchange. Solvent extraction is a widely used purification method. By selecting an appropriate solvent, metal ions dissolved in the solution are separated from the noble metals. During the solvent extraction process, the selected organic solvent will selectively react with the impurity metal ions in the solution, causing these impurity metal ions to transfer to the organic phase, while the noble metal ions remain in the aqueous phase. Subsequently, through liquid separation operation, a pure noble metal solution can be separated.

[0066] Adopting a multi-stage solvent extraction step can further improve the removal efficiency of impurity metals. For example, multiple different solvent systems can be used to gradually remove different types of impurity metals to ensure that the finally purified noble metals reach the required purity.

[0067] The present invention can also further purify noble metals by combining ion exchange technology. The ion exchange method removes metal ions in the aqueous solution and impurity metals through the interaction between ion exchange resin and noble metal ions, and exchanges the metal ions in the aqueous solution to the resin surface. This method is usually used when the concentration of noble metals in the solution is low and can achieve efficient and precise separation.

[0068] During the purification process, the efficiency of solvent extraction and ion exchange is affected by various factors. Taking solvent extraction as an example, its distribution coefficient K is an important parameter to measure the separation effect between noble metals and impurity metals. The distribution coefficient K in the solvent extraction process can be expressed by the following formula: ; Where: is the distribution coefficient; is the concentration of noble metals in the organic phase (unit: mol / L); is the concentration of noble metals in the aqueous phase (unit: mol / L).

[0069] According to the above formula, during the solvent extraction process, when the distribution coefficient of noble metals is higher, it indicates that noble metals can be more effectively transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, thus improving the separation efficiency. In order to obtain a higher purity, a solvent system with a high distribution coefficient can be selected and the purification effect can be improved by adjusting the solvent ratio.

[0070] In order to further improve the purity of the recovered precious metals, this embodiment can also combine modern analytical techniques to detect and analyze the purified precious metals. In some embodiments, advanced analytical methods (such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, ICP-MS, etc.) are used to accurately detect the purity of the recovered precious metals. These detection methods can ensure that the recovered precious metals meet the required purity standards and provide real-time feedback on the removal of impurities during the purification process.

[0071] In addition, solvent extraction and ion exchange can be combined with other purification techniques to further improve the purity. For example, the electrolysis method can be used as a supplementary purification step to help remove the remaining impurity metals and further improve the quality of precious metal recovery.

[0072] Furthermore, with the continuous development of technology, new purification methods, such as membrane separation technology, supercritical fluid extraction technology, etc., can also be considered to be incorporated into the precious metal recovery process to improve the purification efficiency and reduce production costs.

[0073] S6. According to the real-time feedback data, adjust the parameters during the electrolysis process to ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0074] Specifically, during the precious metal recovery process, the continuous optimization and precise control of the electrolysis reaction and the purification process are the key steps to improve the recovery efficiency and quality of precious metals. In this embodiment, the system feedback and adjustment steps mainly ensure the stability and optimal efficiency of the precious metal recovery process by real-time monitoring and dynamically adjusting the operating parameters in the electrolytic cell. This step depends on the optimization results of the foregoing steps S1 to S5, especially the optimization in aspects such as current density distribution, electrolysis reaction rate, electrolysis energy efficiency, and precious metal purity. By implementing fine feedback control, it is possible to timely respond to environmental changes and system fluctuations and ensure that the recovery process is always in the best state.

[0075] Generally, the operating conditions in the electrolytic cell may be affected by various factors, such as solution concentration, temperature change, aging of electrode materials, etc. Therefore, without effective feedback control, the electrolysis process may exhibit phenomena such as reduced efficiency or instability. To ensure that the electrolysis reaction continues under the best conditions, the present invention realizes the precise control and dynamic optimization of the electrolysis process through real-time data acquisition, feedback analysis, and an automatic adjustment mechanism.

[0076] In this embodiment, the system feedback and adjustment are achieved through the collaborative work of a real-time data acquisition system and a central control system. The real-time data acquisition system includes multiple sensors such as current, voltage, solution concentration, temperature, etc., which can real-time obtain the operating state in the electrolytic cell and transmit it to the central control system. The central control system will analyze these real-time data and optimize the control parameters such as current, voltage, temperature, etc. in the electrolytic cell to ensure the efficient recovery of precious metals.

[0077] Specifically, operating parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature will be adjusted according to the feedback data. For example, if the current density is too high, overheating may occur in the electrolytic cell, which may lead to uneven deposition or even loss of precious metals. Therefore, the central control system will automatically reduce the current output to avoid overheating of the electrolytic cell and ensure the stable progress of the electrolytic reaction. In addition, changes in the solution temperature may also affect the electrolysis efficiency. The central control system adjusts the heating or cooling equipment of the electrolytic cell based on the data feedback from the temperature sensor to maintain the optimal temperature range for the reaction.

[0078] The central control system can also combine optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) or Genetic Algorithm (GA) to dynamically adjust various parameters during the electrolysis process. These algorithms can automatically learn and optimize the control strategy of the electrolytic reaction based on real-time data and feedback information, thereby achieving the purpose of continuously improving the precious metal recovery efficiency.

[0079] To achieve precise feedback and adjustment, in this embodiment, the central control system continuously adjusts the operating parameters in the electrolytic cell according to real-time data. Assume that the control objective in the electrolytic cell is to optimize the current density and electrolysis efficiency , the objective function can be expressed as: ; Where: is the optimization objective function; and are the weights of various parameters; is the optimal current density (unit: A / m²); is the electrolysis efficiency; is the optimal electrolysis efficiency.

[0080] By adjusting the current density and electrolysis efficiency , the central control system can make the electrolysis process always in the optimal state, thereby improving the precious metal recovery efficiency. The optimization of this objective function ensures the stability of the entire electrolysis process by dynamically controlling the current density and voltage.

[0081] To further enhance the accuracy of system feedback and adjustment, the present invention can combine multiple feedback mechanisms. First, the real-time monitoring of various parameters of the electrolytic cell is not limited to traditional physical quantities such as current, voltage, and temperature, but can also combine the feedback of chemical parameters such as precious metal concentration and pH value of the solution. This will help the central control system to more comprehensively understand the changes during the electrolysis process. Based on these comprehensive feedback data, the central control system can more accurately perform dynamic optimization of the electrolytic reaction.

[0082] In addition, considering the long-term and complex operation of the electrolytic cell, the system can be designed to have an adaptive adjustment function. When deviations occur during the operation of the system, it can analyze historical data through machine learning algorithms (such as support vector machines, deep learning, etc.) and automatically adjust the control strategy. The introduction of this adaptive function will significantly improve the adaptability of the system in a changing environment and further enhance the recovery efficiency of precious metals.

[0083] The system can also be linked with other modules, such as the temperature control system, flow control system, etc., to ensure the coordinated operation of different subsystems. For example, the temperature control system can automatically adjust the temperature of the electrolytic cell according to the adjustment command of the central control system to ensure that the reaction process remains within the optimal temperature range, thereby further optimizing the electrolysis efficiency.

[0084] A precious metal recovery system for precious metal refining wastewater described below can be mutually referred to and corresponded with a precious metal recovery method for precious metal refining wastewater described above.

[0085] Please refer to the appendix Figure 2 , a precious metal recovery system for precious metal refining wastewater, comprising: An electrolytic cell, which is provided with electrodes inside for carrying out the reduction reaction of precious metal ions; A current control module for adjusting the current density and voltage in the electrolytic cell to ensure uniform distribution of current on the electrode surface; A real-time feedback control module for monitoring parameters such as current, voltage, and precious metal concentration in the electrolytic cell in real time through sensors and adjusting the electrolysis process according to the optimization control algorithm; A temperature control module for adjusting the temperature of the electrolyte to ensure that the electrolysis reaction proceeds at the optimal temperature; A data acquisition module for collecting and transmitting various real-time data during the electrolysis process for optimization and adjustment through the central control system.

[0086] Specifically, the electrolytic cell: The electrolytic cell is the core component of this system. Electrodes are arranged inside it for recovering precious metals from wastewater through electrolytic reduction reaction. The design of the electrolytic cell has been precisely optimized to ensure uniform flow of the electrolyte in the cell and reasonable distribution of current density, thereby improving the reduction efficiency of precious metals.

[0087] The current control module: The main function of this module is to adjust the current density and voltage in the electrolytic cell in real time. Through precise current control, it ensures uniform distribution of current on the electrode surface, avoiding uneven reactions or electrode damage caused by too high or too low local current density. The current control module is connected to the current sensor in the electrolytic cell and can collect current data in real time and make dynamic adjustments.

[0088] Real-time feedback control module: This module is connected to multiple sensors in the electrolytic cell (such as current, voltage, temperature, and precious metal concentration sensors) to monitor various parameters in the electrolytic cell in real time. The real-time feedback control module combines an optimization control algorithm to dynamically adjust parameters such as current, temperature, and reaction time during the electrolysis process according to the data provided by the sensors. This module can ensure that the electrolysis reaction proceeds under optimal conditions, thereby improving the recovery efficiency of precious metals.

[0089] Temperature control module: The temperature of the electrolysis reaction has an important impact on the reaction rate and energy efficiency. Therefore, the design of the temperature control module is particularly crucial. This module is used to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte to ensure that the electrolysis process always operates within the optimal temperature range. The temperature control module includes heating and cooling systems and can automatically adjust the temperature in the electrolytic cell according to the instructions of the central control system.

[0090] Data acquisition module: The data acquisition module collects key data during the electrolysis process in real time through a sensor system, including parameters such as current, voltage, temperature, and precious metal concentration. All data is transmitted to the central control system through this module for further analysis and optimization adjustment. The data acquisition module can perform preliminary processing on the transmitted data, screen out key parameters, and update the data at an appropriate frequency to provide accurate feedback information to the central control system.

[0091] Central control system: As the "brain" of the system, this system integrates and analyzes real-time data from each module. The central control system combines an optimization algorithm and a machine learning model to automatically adjust the operating parameters of the electrolytic cell according to the feedback information to achieve the best precious metal recovery effect. This system can control key parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature to ensure that the electrolysis process is efficient, stable, and energy-saving.

[0092] The system of this embodiment can be used to execute the method embodiment above. The principle and technical effect are similar and will not be elaborated here.

[0093] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Optimize the current density distribution in the electrolyzer to ensure that the current is evenly distributed in the electrolyzer by adjusting the electrode layout and using nano-conductive materials; Accelerate the reduction reaction rate of precious metal ions by using catalytic electrode materials with low overpotential so that the relationship between current density and overpotential conforms to the Tafel equation; Implement real-time optimization control to adjust the current, voltage and reaction time in the electrolyzer through real-time feedback data; Improve the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process by optimizing the electrolyte composition, reaction conditions and temperature control system, reduce the voltage during the electrolysis process and reduce energy consumption; Recover and purify precious metals by reducing precious metal ions to metals through an electrolytic reduction process and increasing the purity of precious metals through further purification steps; According to the real-time feedback data, the parameters in the electrolysis process are adjusted to ensure stable operation of the system.

2. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of optimizing the electrolytic cell current density distribution comprises: Simulate the electric field in the electrolyzer using finite element analysis; The electrode shape and arrangement are optimized according to the electric field distribution to ensure that the current density is evenly distributed in the electrolytic cell.

3. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of accelerating the reduction reaction rate of the noble metal ions comprises: By selecting and using catalytic electrode materials, the electrode materials are platinum group metals or nano-metal composite materials; Optimize the composition of the electrolyte and reduce the overpotential of the reaction to accelerate the reduction process of precious metal ions.

4. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of real-time optimization control include: Define the objective function and use the optimization control theory to dynamically adjust the current, voltage and reaction time parameters in the electrolyzer; Using machine learning optimization algorithms, parameters are automatically adjusted during real-time operation to achieve optimal precious metal recovery efficiency.

5. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of improving the energy efficiency of the electrolysis process include: Design and implement a temperature control system to optimize reaction conditions and reduce energy consumption during the electrolysis process by controlling the temperature of the electrolyte; Combining green energy systems to assist the electrolysis process can further improve the energy efficiency of the system.

6. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of recovering and purifying the precious metals include: During electrolysis, noble metal ions are reduced to solid metal and deposited via electrodes; The recovered precious metals are further purified by solvent extraction or ion exchange methods to ensure the high purity of the precious metals.

7. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of adjusting the real-time feedback data includes: Configure the sensor system to collect data in the electrolytic cell in real time, including current, voltage and precious metal concentration; The central control system analyzes real-time data and adjusts the operating parameters of the electrolysis process based on the optimization control algorithm.

8. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization of the electrolytic cell current density distribution includes: Use nano-scale catalytic material electrodes to increase the number of reaction sites on the electrode surface and optimize the surface structure of the electrode; Optimize the electrolyte composition and improve the conductivity of the electrolyte by adjusting the concentration of acidity or salinity in the electrolyte.

9. The method for recovering precious metals from precious metal refining wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolytic reaction rate acceleration includes: Select catalytic electrode materials with low overpotential and reduce energy loss during the reaction by adjusting current density and electrolyte composition; High-efficiency catalytic electrode materials are used in the electrolysis process to increase the specific surface area of ​​the electrode and improve the current density and reaction rate.

10. A precious metal recovery system for precious metal refining wastewater, applied to a precious metal recovery method for precious metal refining wastewater as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: An electrolytic cell, in which electrodes are arranged, for carrying out a reduction reaction of precious metal ions; The current control module is used to adjust the current density and voltage in the electrolytic cell to ensure that the current is evenly distributed on the electrode surface; A real-time feedback control module is used to monitor the current, voltage and precious metal concentration parameters in the electrolytic cell in real time through sensors, and adjust the electrolysis process according to the optimization control algorithm; Temperature control module, used to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte to ensure that the electrolysis reaction is carried out at the optimal temperature; The data acquisition module is used to collect and transmit various real-time data during the electrolysis process so as to make optimization adjustments through the central control system.

Images