Highway tunnel ventilation control system

Abstract

This application belongs to the technical field of traffic facility control systems, and discloses a highway tunnel ventilation control system. It consists of environmental monitoring, data analysis and fan control modules, and is interconnected in a network. The environmental monitoring module collects natural wind and pollutant parameters in the upstream and downstream tunnels; the data analysis module obtains the natural wind increment through the natural wind analysis unit, and the pollutant analysis unit calculates the required air volume of the tunnel. When the natural wind increment is negative, the data adjustment unit calculates the change in natural wind after the fan in the transverse channel is turned on and adjusts the increment; the fan control module calculates the number of upstream and downstream fans turned on and controls the start and stop based on the adjusted natural wind increment and the required air volume of the tunnel. This patent aims to solve the problem that the existing fan control method does not take into account the natural wind direction and tunnel structure, resulting in inaccurate control quantity and is not suitable for parallel double-hole super-long tunnel structures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of traffic facility management and control systems, and in particular to a highway tunnel ventilation control system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of expressway construction in my country, highway tunnels are becoming more numerous and longer. As tunnel lengths continue to increase, air pollutants tend to accumulate in these extra-long tunnels, resulting in air quality that fails to meet driving requirements and poses a health risk to drivers. Statistics show that the civil engineering and mechanical and electrical costs required for ventilation account for approximately 10%-25% of the investment in ultra-long tunnel construction. Once the tunnel is operational, the use and maintenance costs of the ventilation system account for 50% of all operating expenses. Most of China's ultra-long tunnels are parallel twin tunnels. Air pollutant concentrations within these tunnels increase from entrance to exit. To improve this situation, two ventilation cross-channels are installed at appropriate locations in the tunnels, connecting the two tunnels into a single ventilation network. Jet fans are also installed to neutralize the higher pollutant concentrations in the uphill tunnel with the fresher air from the downhill tunnel. This improves the utilization of the tunnel's internal space and fully utilizes the downhill tunnel's abundant ventilation capacity. This solution eliminates the need for exhaust shafts, reducing both civil engineering costs and pollutant concentrations within the tunnel. However, the ventilation system's fan control still relies on the existing single valve control method, which can lead to problems such as insufficient fan operation, preventing harmful gases from being expelled from the tunnel, and excessive fan operation, wasting electricity and incompatible with energy conservation and emission reduction. In the context of a green and low-carbon economy, meeting tunnel air quality requirements while simultaneously reducing energy consumption in tunnel operations has become a pressing issue.

[0003] Chinese patent publication number CN115750425A discloses a tunnel fan control method. This method addresses the inadequacy of single-threshold control through a fan control strategy algorithm based on multivariate data fusion, enabling the fan to move from single-value control to linear control. This optimized and upgraded ventilation control system improves tunnel ventilation efficiency and reduces energy consumption. However, this solution considers natural wind speed, pollutant gas data, and traffic volume data within the tunnel, and controls the fans accordingly. However, this approach fails to consider the influence of wind direction when considering natural wind speed. Natural wind flowing in the direction of traffic flow, i.e., from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel exit, can act as a booster, reducing the number of fans activated within the tunnel. However, natural wind flowing in the opposite direction of traffic flow, i.e., from the tunnel exit to the tunnel entrance, can blow air containing high concentrations of pollutants at the exit back into the tunnel, creating resistance to fan exhaust. Therefore, simply considering wind speed without considering wind direction can easily lead to misjudgments, resulting in fans not being able to meet exhaust requirements and delaying the timely discharge of pollutants within the tunnel. Secondly, this solution fails to consider the design structure of existing tunnels. The ventilation effects of jet fans at different locations within the tunnel vary. For example, in an ultra-long tunnel with two parallel tunnels, a fan located in the ventilation corridor can neutralize the more pollutant-rich air near the exit of the other tunnel with fresher air near the entrance. This fan's ventilation effect is significantly better than that of a fan located in the same tunnel location. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a highway tunnel ventilation control system to solve the problem that the fan control method of the existing tunnel does not take into account the natural wind direction and tunnel structure, resulting in inaccurate fan control quantity and is not suitable for ultra-long tunnel structures with parallel double holes.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a highway tunnel ventilation control system, comprising an environment monitoring module, a data analysis module and a fan control module connected to each other through a network;

[0006] The environmental monitoring module is used to collect natural wind parameters and pollutant parameters in the up tunnel and down tunnel. The natural wind parameters include natural wind speed and wind direction, and the pollutant parameters include tunnel CO concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration and smoke concentration;

[0007] The data analysis module includes a natural wind analysis unit, a pollutant analysis unit, and a data adjustment unit. The natural wind analysis unit is used to obtain the natural wind increment in the tunnel based on wind speed and wind direction analysis, and the natural wind increment includes the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment; the pollutant analysis unit uses the collected pollutant parameters of different tunnels to respectively calculate the tunnel air volume required, and the tunnel air volume required includes the upward tunnel air volume required and the downward tunnel air volume required; the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the upward transverse channel fan is turned on when the upward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formula;

[0008]

[0009]

[0010] in Respectively represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel after adjustment; 、 They represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel before adjustment respectively; Indicates the natural wind increment; Indicates the fan air volume in the transverse channel, represents the gain coefficient, Calculated based on actual measurements.

[0011] The data adjustment unit is further configured to calculate, when the downward natural wind increment is negative, the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the downward transverse channel fan is turned on, to obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and to calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formulas;

[0012]

[0013]

[0014] The fan control module is used to calculate the number of tunnel fan openings based on the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel, the number of tunnel fan openings including the number of upward fan openings and the number of downward fan openings; and control the start and stop of the tunnel fan according to the number of tunnel fan openings;

[0015] The environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple high-speed gantries leading to the tunnel, and collect vehicle types and vehicle counts corresponding to different vehicle types, including new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the data analysis module also includes a prediction unit, which is used to calculate the traffic flow change rate based on the total traffic flow, and the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the adjustment index based on the traffic flow change rate, the total traffic flow of medium and large vehicles, and the total traffic flow of small fuel vehicles, and calculate the change in the required air volume of the tunnel based on the adjustment index; the change in the required air volume of the tunnel The calculation formula is as follows, Indicates the current tunnel air volume requirement;

[0016]

[0017] Adjustment Index The calculation method is as follows;

[0018]

[0019] in, 、 、 They represent the total traffic volume, the total small traffic volume, and the total large traffic volume at the prediction time t, respectively. 、 、 Respectively represent the total current traffic volume, the total small vehicle traffic volume, and the total large vehicle traffic volume. represents the emission weight ratio of large vehicles to small vehicles, It represents the nonlinear influence coefficient of vehicle flow on ventilation demand, which is calibrated through actual measurement.

[0020] The technical principle and beneficial effects of this scheme are as follows: by considering the influence of the natural wind direction on the upward tunnel or the downward tunnel, the required air volume of different tunnels is obtained; when the natural wind direction is consistent with the exhaust direction of the tunnel, the natural wind increment is taken as a positive number as an assist, and then the number of fans to be turned on can be calculated based on the adjusted required air volume after deducting the natural wind increment from the required air volume, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the fans in the tunnel; when the natural wind direction is opposite to the exhaust direction of the tunnel, the natural wind increment is taken as a negative number as a resistance, and then the number of fans to be turned on can be calculated based on the adjusted required air volume after adding the natural wind increment to the required air volume, thereby meeting the pollutant dilution demand in the tunnel.

[0021] Secondly, this solution also takes into account the design structure of existing tunnels, and selects fans for different transverse channels based on the direction of natural wind, so as to obtain the change in natural wind in different tunnels according to the air volume of the fans that are turned on, and then adjust the natural wind increments of different tunnels, so as to achieve more accurate control of the number of fans, and reduce the required air volume of the tunnel on the side where natural wind is a resistance, thereby saving fan energy consumption. This solution converts the gain effect of reducing pollutant concentration into a change in required air volume by multiplying the air volume of the fan by the gain coefficient when turning on the transverse fan; and then obtains the final required air volume of the tunnel on the side with a negative natural wind increment. The gain coefficient reflects the effect of turning on the transverse fan on reducing the pollutant concentration in the tunnel, further reducing the negative impact of the natural wind increment on the tunnel required air volume, and obtaining a calculation result that is more in line with the actual required air volume of the tunnel, thereby achieving the purpose of energy-saving control.

[0022] For example, due to the parallel double-tunnel structure, when the natural wind direction is consistent with the exhaust direction of the upward tunnel, the natural wind direction is opposite to the exhaust direction of the downward tunnel, creating resistance to the exhaust of the downward tunnel; at this time, the fan in the downward transverse air duct is turned on to promote the air flow from the entrance of the upward tunnel to the exit of the downward tunnel, thereby reducing the increase in natural wind in the upward tunnel and the natural wind resistance in the downward tunnel. Although the increase in natural wind for the upward tunnel is reduced, the required air volume of the upward tunnel can still be reduced, thereby reducing the number of fans turned on in the upward tunnel; and for the downward tunnel, part of the natural wind volume of the upward tunnel is introduced through the downward transverse air duct to offset part of the increase in required air volume caused by the natural wind headwind, reducing the overall number of fans required in the downward tunnel, and thus reducing the number of fans turned on in the downward tunnel. Through the calculation method of this solution, the number of fans required in the upward and downward tunnels can be reduced simultaneously, thereby achieving the effect of energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0023] The volume of traffic will affect the piston effect of vehicle movement in the tunnel. When the traffic volume in the tunnel increases while the emission of pollutants remains unchanged, the air flow in the tunnel will be obstructed, and stronger ventilation is required to maintain a safe concentration. This scheme calculates the pollutant emission impact factor by the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles, and calculates the total traffic volume impact factor based on the total traffic volume after adding the number of new energy vehicles and the traffic flow impact coefficient. Based on the above two impact factors, a dynamic adjustment index of the vehicle number over time is obtained through integral calculation. Due to the increasing use of new energy vehicles, which do not increase pollutant emissions, the traditional method of calculating ventilation demand by inferring the pollutant change rate based on traffic flow has large errors and is no longer applicable to the current situation. This solution distinguishes the independent impact of pollutant emissions and traffic flow, deriving an adjustment index to optimize the fan operation strategy. When the proportion of new energy vehicles in the traffic flow increases, the ventilation demand can be significantly reduced. Combined with predicted traffic data, the ventilation volume is dynamically adjusted to balance safety and energy consumption.

[0024] Furthermore, the pollutant analysis unit calculates the required air volume Qc, Qn, and Qy for diluting CO, nitrogen oxides, and smoke respectively; and selects the highest value of the three data as the required air volume for the tunnel. The required air volume for different pollutants is different. Generally, the required air volume for diluting nitrogen oxides is greater than the required air volume for diluting CO and smoke. Therefore, the air volume required for CO and smoke may not meet the demand for diluting nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the highest value among Qc, Qn, and Qy is selected as the required air volume for the tunnel. It can meet the dilution needs of all pollutants.

[0025] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple high-speed gantries leading to the tunnel, and collect vehicle types and the number of vehicles corresponding to different vehicle types, including new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the data analysis module also includes a prediction unit, which is used to calculate the rate of change of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration within a preset time in the future based on the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the pollutant analysis unit is also used to calculate the change in the required air volume of the tunnel based on the rate of change of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number based on the change in the required air volume of the tunnel, and set the time to turn on or off the fan in advance based on the fan difference number.

[0026] Furthermore, the CO concentration difference in the prediction unit , nitrogen oxide concentration difference Calculate using the following formulas respectively;

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] in, 、 , represent the CO emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, 、 are the nitrogen oxide emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, represents the effective volume of the tunnel, 、 represent the number of small cars and large cars respectively, t represents the average time it takes for a vehicle to pass through the tunnel, 、 They represent the current CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration in the tunnel respectively.

[0030] When the pollutant concentration trend is increasing, that is, 、 If is a positive number, the fan difference is the number of fans that need to be added. By starting the number of fans that need to be added in advance, the ventilation volume in the tunnel can be increased in advance, thereby reducing the pollutant concentration in the tunnel and slowing down the growth rate of the pollutant concentration in the tunnel. Since the number of fans has been adjusted in advance to meet the required air volume after the increase in pollutant concentration, it can effectively prevent the pollutant concentration in the tunnel from exceeding the limit. Secondly, when the pollutant concentration change trend is decreasing, that is, 、 If it is a negative number, the fan difference is the number of fans that need to be reduced. By reducing the number of fans that need to be turned on in advance, the energy consumption of tunnel fans can be reduced while meeting the ventilation needs.

[0031] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring module is also used to collect meteorological data of the tunnel, which includes predicted wind speed and wind direction data within a preset time in the future. The natural wind analysis unit is also used to obtain the natural wind increment change based on the predicted wind speed and wind direction data; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number based on the natural wind increment change and the tunnel air volume required change, and set the time in advance to start or shut down the fan with the fan difference number.

[0032] By combining weather forecasts with traffic flow predictions for different types of vehicles, the changes in natural wind increments and tunnel air volume requirements are obtained, allowing the fan difference to be calculated more accurately and the ventilation strategy to be adjusted in advance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a parallel double-hole super-long tunnel;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a system module diagram of Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a system module diagram of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0037] The tunnel structure is as follows Figure 1As shown, the transverse air duct near the exit of the upward tunnel is the upward transverse air duct, which is used to neutralize the low-pollution air at the entrance of the downward tunnel with the highly polluted air at the exit of the upward tunnel; the transverse air duct near the exit of the downward tunnel is the downward transverse air duct, which is used to neutralize the low-pollution air at the entrance of the upward tunnel with the highly polluted air at the exit of the downward tunnel.

[0038] Example 1 is basically as shown in the attached Figure 2 As shown: A highway tunnel ventilation control system includes an environment monitoring module, a data analysis module and a fan control module which are interconnected through a network;

[0039] The environmental monitoring module is used to collect natural wind parameters and pollutant parameters in the up and down tunnels. Natural wind parameters include natural wind speed and wind direction, and pollutant parameters include tunnel CO concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration, and smoke concentration.

[0040] The data analysis module includes a natural wind analysis unit, a pollutant analysis unit, and a data adjustment unit. The natural wind analysis unit is used to obtain the natural wind increment in the tunnel based on wind speed and wind direction. The natural wind increment includes the upward natural wind increment. and downward natural wind increment- ;

[0041]

[0042] Where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel, is the average natural wind speed, is the angle between the natural wind and the tunnel axis. If the direction of the natural wind is consistent with the direction of the tunnel, then ; reverse .

[0043] The pollutant analysis unit uses the pollutant parameters collected from different tunnels and the existing air volume calculation model to calculate the air volume Qc, Qn, and Qy required for diluting CO, nitrogen oxides, and smoke respectively; and selects the highest value of the three data as the tunnel air volume requirement. ; Tunnel air volume requirement includes the air volume required for the upward tunnel , Air volume required for down tunnel Different pollutants require different air volumes. Usually, the air volume required to dilute nitrogen oxides is greater than the air volume required to dilute CO and smoke. Therefore, the air volume required to meet the needs of CO and smoke may not necessarily meet the needs of diluting nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the highest value among Qc, Qn, and Qy is selected as the tunnel air volume requirement. It can meet the dilution needs of all pollutants.

[0044] The data adjustment unit is used to calculate the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the upward transverse channel fans are turned on when the upward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formula;

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] in Respectively represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel after adjustment; 、 They represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel before adjustment respectively; Indicates the natural wind increment; Indicates the fan air volume in the transverse channel, represents the gain coefficient, Calculated based on actual measurements.

[0048] The data adjustment unit is further configured to calculate, when the downward natural wind increment is negative, the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the downward transverse channel fans are turned on, and obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and respectively calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel according to the following formulas;

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] The fan control module is used to calculate the number of tunnel fan activations based on the adjusted air volume requirements of the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel, which includes the number of upward and downward fans activated. The module also controls the start and stop of the tunnel fan based on the number of tunnel fan activations.

[0052] Take the example that the direction of natural wind is consistent with the exhaust direction of the upward tunnel, that is, the natural wind flows from the entrance of the upward tunnel to the exit of the upward tunnel, but in the opposite direction to the exhaust wind direction of the downward tunnel; the natural wind is a boost for the upward tunnel and a resistance for the downward tunnel. In order to reduce the impact of natural wind on the downward tunnel, the fan in the downward transverse duct is turned on to pump the air from the entrance of the upward tunnel to the exit of the downward tunnel, thereby reducing the increase in natural wind in the upward tunnel and the natural wind resistance in the downward tunnel; let the fan air volume be Qh, and the gain coefficient of the fan in the transverse duct be , According to the actual measurement and calculation, the change of the upward natural wind is , the change of downward natural wind is ; The adjusted upward natural wind increment and downward natural wind increment are , ;

[0053] The corrected required air volume of the upward tunnel is obtained based on the adjusted upward natural wind increment:

[0054]

[0055] The corrected required air volume of the downward tunnel is obtained based on the adjusted upward natural wind increment:

[0056]

[0057] The number of tunnel fan openings S is calculated as follows;

[0058]

[0059] in, Indicates the air volume of a single fan. is the fan efficiency, Q is respectively substituted into or The number of up-flow fans turned on and the number of down-flow fans turned on are calculated.

[0060] The similarities between Example 2 and Example 1 are not repeated here. The difference is that the environmental monitoring module is also used to communicate with multiple high-speed gantries leading to the tunnel and collect vehicle types and vehicle counts corresponding to different vehicle types, including new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles, and large vehicles;

[0061] The data analysis module also includes a prediction unit, which is used to calculate the rate of change of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration within a preset time in the future based on the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles. The preset time is the average time of the vehicle driving lane tunnel entrance at each high-speed gantry; CO concentration difference , nitrogen oxide concentration difference Calculate using the following formulas respectively;

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] in, 、 , represent the CO emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, 、 are the nitrogen oxide emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, represents the effective volume of the tunnel, 、 represent the number of small cars and large cars respectively, t represents the average time it takes for a vehicle to pass through the tunnel, 、 They represent the current CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration in the tunnel respectively.

[0065] The pollutant analysis unit is further used to calculate the change in the required air volume in the tunnel based on the change rate of the CO concentration and the nitrogen oxide concentration; the environmental monitoring module is further used to collect meteorological data of the tunnel, which includes predicted wind speed and wind direction data within a preset time in the future, and the natural wind analysis unit is further used to obtain the change in natural wind increment based on the predicted wind speed and wind direction data; the fan control module is further used to calculate the fan difference number based on the change in natural wind increment and the change in the required air volume in the tunnel, and set a time in advance to start or shut down the fan with the fan difference number; the set time is less than the preset time.

[0066] Since the distance between the gantry and the tunnel entrance is usually 1.5km-3km, the time it takes to travel from the gantry to the tunnel entrance is usually 1min-2min. In this embodiment, 1.5min is selected, and the set time range is selected from 10s-25s, which is 15s in this embodiment.

[0067] Since new energy vehicles in traffic do not increase additional pollutant emissions, the CO concentration difference is calculated. , nitrogen oxide concentration difference When considering the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles, we only consider the number of vehicles; thus, we get the change in the required air volume of the tunnel; and we use meteorological data to predict the predicted wind speed and direction data of the natural wind to get the change in the natural wind increment; and then we calculate the fan difference number based on the change in the natural wind and the change in the required air volume of the tunnel; and adjust the number of fans in the tunnel in advance, combine the weather forecast with the traffic flow forecast, and adjust the ventilation strategy in advance, thereby reducing the number of fan starts and stops to avoid excessive wear. When the pollutant concentration change trend is increasing, that is, 、 If is a positive number, the fan difference is the number of fans that need to be added. By starting the number of fans that need to be added in advance, the ventilation volume in the tunnel can be increased in advance, thereby reducing the pollutant concentration in the tunnel and slowing down the growth rate of the pollutant concentration in the tunnel. Since the number of fans has been adjusted in advance to meet the required air volume after the increase in pollutant concentration, it can effectively prevent the pollutant concentration in the tunnel from exceeding the limit. Secondly, when the pollutant concentration change trend is decreasing, that is, 、 If it is a negative number, the fan difference is the number of fans that need to be reduced. By reducing the number of fans that need to be turned on in advance, the energy consumption of tunnel fans can be reduced while meeting the ventilation needs.

[0068] The similarities between Example 3 and Example 1 and Example 2 are not repeated here. The difference is that the prediction unit is further used to calculate the traffic flow change rate based on the total traffic flow, and the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the adjustment index based on the traffic flow change rate, the total traffic flow of medium and large vehicles, and the total traffic flow of small fuel vehicles, and calculate the change in the required air volume of the tunnel based on the adjustment index; the change in the required air volume of the tunnel The calculation formula is as follows, Indicates the current tunnel air volume requirement;

[0069]

[0070] Adjustment Index The calculation method is as follows;

[0071]

[0072] in, 、 、 They represent the total traffic volume, the total small traffic volume, and the total large traffic volume at the prediction time t, respectively. 、 、 Respectively represent the total current traffic volume, the total small vehicle traffic volume, and the total large vehicle traffic volume. represents the emission weight ratio of large vehicles to small vehicles, Represents the traffic flow impact coefficient, which is calibrated through actual measurement.

[0073] The size of the traffic flow will affect the piston effect of vehicle movement in the tunnel. This scheme calculates the pollutant emission impact factor by the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles, and calculates the total traffic flow impact factor based on the total traffic flow after adding the number of new energy vehicles and the traffic flow impact coefficient. Based on the above two impact factors, the dynamic adjustment index of the vehicle number over time is obtained through integral calculation. Due to the increasing use of new energy vehicles, which do not increase pollutant emissions, the traditional method of calculating ventilation demand by inferring the pollutant change rate based on traffic flow has large errors and is no longer applicable to the current situation. This solution distinguishes the independent impact of pollutant emissions and traffic flow, deriving an adjustment index to optimize the fan operation strategy. When the proportion of new energy vehicles in the traffic flow increases, the ventilation demand can be significantly reduced. Combined with predicted traffic data, the ventilation volume is dynamically adjusted to balance safety and energy consumption.

[0074] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A highway tunnel ventilation control system, characterized by: It includes an environmental monitoring module, a data analysis module and a fan control module which are interconnected through a network; The environmental monitoring module is used to collect natural wind parameters and pollutant parameters in the up tunnel and down tunnel. The natural wind parameters include natural wind speed and wind direction, and the pollutant parameters include tunnel CO concentration, nitrogen oxide concentration and smoke concentration; The data analysis module includes a natural wind analysis unit, a pollutant analysis unit, and a data adjustment unit. The natural wind analysis unit is used to analyze the natural wind increment in the tunnel based on wind speed and wind direction. The natural wind increment includes an upward natural wind increment and a downward natural wind increment. The pollutant analysis unit calculates the required tunnel air volume based on the collected pollutant parameters of different tunnels, and the required tunnel air volume includes the required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel; the data adjustment unit is used to calculate the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the upward transverse channel fan is turned on when the upward natural wind increment is negative, and obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formula; in 、 Respectively represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel after adjustment; 、 They represent the required air volume for the upward tunnel and the downward tunnel before adjustment respectively; Indicates the natural wind increment; Indicates the fan air volume in the transverse channel, represents the gain coefficient, Calculated based on actual measurements; The data adjustment unit is further configured to calculate, when the downward natural wind increment is negative, the natural wind change in the tunnels on both sides after the downward transverse channel fan is turned on, to obtain the upward natural wind increment and the downward natural wind increment adjusted according to the natural wind change; and to calculate the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel respectively according to the following formulas; The fan control module is used to calculate the number of tunnel fan openings based on the adjusted required air volume of the upward tunnel and the required air volume of the downward tunnel, the number of tunnel fan openings including the number of upward fan openings and the number of downward fan openings; and control the start and stop of the tunnel fan according to the number of tunnel fan openings; The environmental monitoring module is further configured to communicate with multiple high-speed gantries leading to the tunnel and collect vehicle types and vehicle counts corresponding to different vehicle types, including new energy vehicles, small fuel vehicles, and large vehicles. The data analysis module further includes a prediction unit configured to calculate a vehicle flow change rate based on the total vehicle flow, and a data adjustment unit configured to calculate an adjustment index based on the vehicle flow change rate and the total number of medium and large vehicle flows and the total number of small fuel vehicle flows, and to calculate a change in the required tunnel air volume based on the adjustment index. Change in tunnel air volume requirement The calculation formula is as follows, Indicates the current tunnel air volume requirement; Adjustment Index The calculation method is as follows; Among them, T represents the prediction time range, that is, the time interval of the integration is from 0 to T, 、 、 They represent the total traffic volume, the total small traffic volume, and the total large traffic volume at the prediction time t, respectively. 、 、 Respectively represent the total current traffic volume, the total small vehicle traffic volume, and the total large vehicle traffic volume. represents the emission weight ratio of large vehicles to small vehicles, It represents the nonlinear influence coefficient of vehicle flow on ventilation demand, which is calibrated through actual measurement.

2. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pollutant analysis unit calculates the required air volumes Qc, Qn, and Qy for diluting CO, nitrogen oxides, and smoke respectively, and selects the highest values ​​of the three data as the required air volumes for the tunnel.

3. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prediction unit is further used to calculate the rate of change of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration within a preset time in the future based on the number of small fuel vehicles and large vehicles; the pollutant analysis unit is further used to calculate the change in the required tunnel air volume based on the rate of change of CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration; the fan control module is further used to calculate the fan difference number based on the change in the required tunnel air volume, and set the time to turn on or off the fan in advance based on the fan difference number.

4. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The CO concentration difference in the prediction unit , nitrogen oxide concentration difference Calculate using the following formulas respectively; in, 、 , represent the CO emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, 、 are the nitrogen oxide emission rates of small cars and large cars respectively, represents the effective volume of the tunnel, 、 represent the number of small cars and large cars respectively, T represents the average time it takes for a vehicle to pass through the tunnel, 、 They represent the current CO concentration and nitrogen oxide concentration in the tunnel respectively.

5. The highway tunnel ventilation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental monitoring module is also used to collect meteorological data of the tunnel, which includes predicted wind speed and wind direction data within a preset time in the future. The natural wind analysis unit is also used to obtain the natural wind increment change based on the predicted wind speed and wind direction data; the fan control module is also used to calculate the fan difference number based on the natural wind increment change and the tunnel required air volume change, and set the time in advance to start or shut down the fan with the fan difference number.

Images