Coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, and relates to the technical field of mining industry monitoring equipment.The coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device is characterized by comprising a fixing structure, an extending structure, a connecting structure, fixing nails and a monitor, the fixing structure is connected with the two ends of the extending structure through the fixing nails, and the extending structure is detachably connected with the connecting structure; and the connecting structure is connected with a monitor. The device can be suitable for different roadways, a sensor for monitoring the stability of surrounding rocks can be conveniently installed, and a good monitoring effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining monitoring equipment, and more specifically, it relates to a monitoring device for the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways. Background Technique

[0002] The monitoring of the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways mainly focuses on monitoring its measured displacement or predicted final displacement value, displacement change rate, and deformation rate. In the prior art, the monitoring of surrounding rock stability mainly relies on sensors for surrounding rock stability monitoring, such as displacement sensors, strain sensors, and pressure sensors, etc.

[0003] Sensors for surrounding rock stability monitoring are widely used in underground projects such as mines and tunnels to monitor the deformation of support structures and ensure the safety and stability of underground spaces. By real-time monitoring the strain and displacement of surrounding rock, potential safety hazards can be detected in a timely manner, and corresponding measures can be taken for reinforcement and treatment to ensure the safety of underground projects.

[0004] However, due to various issues that need to be considered during the excavation process of roadways, such as their uses, actual terrain and topography, etc., there are some differences in the space and inclination angle between roadways. Therefore, it is not always smooth to install sensors for surrounding rock stability monitoring in all roadways. The data published in "Coal Mine Safety Monitoring Technology" in 2022 shows that the failure rate of existing sensor installations is as high as 25%. And even if the installation is successful, there will be cases where it is found that the monitored range is not comprehensive after installation, and there will also be certain errors in the judgment of the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways. After statistics, due to the fixed installation positions of existing sensors, the proportion of monitoring blind spots exceeds 15%. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device for the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways, which can be applicable to different roadways, facilitate the installation of sensors for surrounding rock stability monitoring, and achieve a better monitoring effect.

[0006] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A monitoring device for the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine roadways includes a fixing structure, an extending structure, a connecting structure, fixing nails, and a monitor. The two ends of the fixing structure and the extending structure are connected by fixing nails. The extending structure and the connecting structure are detachably connected, and a monitor is connected to the connecting structure;

[0007] The fixing structure includes a first connecting plate and U-shaped nails. Connecting holes one are provided at the four corners of the first connecting plate. The U-shaped nails are used to connect two first connecting plates. A first magnet is provided on the side of the first connecting plate close to the extending structure;

[0008] The extension structure includes a second connecting plate and an annular connection ring. Connection holes II are provided at the four corners of the second connecting plate. The annular connection ring is used to connect two second connecting plates. A second magnet is provided on the side of the second connecting plate close to the fixing structure, and a first connection base is provided on the side of the second connecting plate close to the connection structure.

[0009] The connection structure includes a hard component and a soft component. The hard component and the soft component are detachably connected. A through hole is provided at the center of the hard component. The first connection base is connected with a connection head. The connection head and the first connection base are connected by threads. The connection head is fixedly connected with a hard connecting piece. The hard connecting piece is adapted to the through hole. The hard connecting piece is detachably connected with a second connection base. The second connection base is detachably connected with a monitor.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, according to the conditions of surrounding rocks in different roadways, the number of required first connecting plates and second connecting plates is determined. The first connecting plates are connected pairwise by U-shaped nails to form a fixing structure. The second connecting plates are connected pairwise by an annular connection ring to form an extension structure. The hard connecting pieces are assembled with the second connecting plates one by one. At the same time, the soft component and the hard component are assembled according to the number of the second connecting plates. Each hard component corresponds to one second connecting plate. The hard connecting piece passes through the through hole in the hard component. Finally, the second connection base is adsorbed on the hard connecting piece to form a connection structure.

[0011] Subsequently, the two ends of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are connected by fixing nails. The fixing nails and U-shaped nails are fixed inside the surrounding rocks of the roadway one by one to realize the fixation of the fixing structure, the extension structure and the connection structure. Under the action of gravity, the connection structure and the extension structure will naturally fall. However, since the surrounding rocks of coal mine roadways are usually in an arch structure, it is not possible to fix the device at the top of the surrounding rocks of the roadway every time. Sometimes there will be a situation where some components need to be installed vertically. In the case of vertical installation, only affected by its own gravity, the extension structure and the fixing structure may fit together. At this time, when installing a monitor at this part, the distance between the monitor and the surrounding rocks of the roadway is relatively close, and it may be blocked by protruding stones on the surrounding rocks, resulting in incomplete monitoring.

[0012] Under the structural design of the device of the present invention, according to the width, inclination angle, etc. of the surrounding rocks in different roadways, the corresponding number of first connecting plates can be assembled to form a fixing structure with an appropriate length. Then, according to the number of the fixing structure, the extension structure and the connection structure are assembled to construct the basic framework of the device. The basic fixation of the device is realized through U-shaped nails and fixing nails. The assembly of the connection structure and the extension structure is realized through the first connection base on the first connecting plate and the connection head on the hard connecting piece.

[0013] The fixing structure in this device realizes the fixation of the device to the surrounding rock of the roadway. The magnetic repulsion achieved by Magnet 1 and Magnet 2 between the fixing structure and the extension structure, as well as the gravity of the extension structure and the connection structure itself, push the monitor connected to the connection structure away from the surrounding rock of the roadway, effectively avoiding interference from irregular surrounding stones and the like during the process of monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, which may lead to incomplete monitoring data.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that: the diameter of the first connection hole is larger than the diameter of the U-shaped nail.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, since the diameter of the first connection hole is larger, even with the connection of the U-shaped nail, the two first connecting plates can still move relative to each other at a certain angle.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that: the annular connection ring is assembled by a first semi-annular connection buckle and a second semi-annular connection buckle.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, through the assembly method of the first semi-annular connection buckle and the second semi-annular connection buckle, the second connecting plate can be quickly disassembled or assembled.

[0018] The present invention is further configured such that: the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate have the same size.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the same size of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate can effectively ensure that the sizes of the fixing structure and the extension structure are consistent after connection, ensuring that Magnet 1 and Magnet 2 are smoothly arranged opposite to each other along the same axis and with opposite magnetic pole directions.

[0020] The present invention is further configured such that: the diameter of the second connection hole is larger than the diameter of the annular connection ring.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, since the diameter of the second connection hole is larger than the diameter of the annular connection ring, even with the connection of the annular connection ring, the two second connecting plates can still move relative to each other at a certain angle.

[0022] The present invention is further configured such that: Magnet 1 and Magnet 2 are arranged opposite to each other along the same axis and with opposite magnetic pole directions.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, after the fixing structure is installed in the roadway, the opposite arrangement of Magnet 1 and Magnet 2 along the same axis and the opposite magnetic pole directions can effectively cooperate with gravity to realize the separation between the fixing structure and the extension structure.

[0024] The present invention is further configured such that: the specifications of the fixing nails are 20 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, using fixing nails of different specifications can enable the distance between the fixing structure and the extending structure to have multiple adjustment ranges, so as to adapt to roadways in more different situations.

[0026] The present invention is further configured as: a strong magnetic snap is built in the hard connecting piece, and the strong magnetic snap magnetically adsorbs and connects to the second base.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the setting of the strong magnetic snap can effectively fix the second base and the hard connecting piece.

[0028] The present invention is further configured as: the soft component is made of elastic rubber, stretchable belt and other materials with the ability of elastic deformation.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, when the extending structure deforms under the action of its own gravity and the magnetic force between the first magnet and the second magnet, under the action of the soft component, the connecting structure can also deform accordingly.

[0030] The present invention is further configured as: the connection mode between the monitor and the second base is threaded connection or snap connection.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the threaded or snap connection mode can make it more convenient to disassemble and install the monitor and the second base.

[0032] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] Under the structural design of the device of the present invention, according to the width, inclination angle, etc. of the surrounding rock of different roadways, the corresponding number of the first connecting plates can be assembled to form a fixing structure of an appropriate length, and then the extending structure and the connecting structure can be assembled according to the number of the fixing structure blocks to construct the basic framework of the device. The basic fixation of the device is realized through U-shaped nails and fixing nails, and the assembly of the connecting structure and the extending structure is realized through the first base on the first connecting plate and the connecting head on the hard connecting piece.

[0034] The fixing structure in this device realizes the fixation of the device and the surrounding rock of the roadway. The magnetic repulsion between the first magnet and the second magnet between the fixing structure and the extending structure, as well as the self-gravity of the extending structure and the connecting structure, push the monitor connected to the connecting structure away from the surrounding rock of the roadway, effectively avoiding interference from irregular stones and the like around the monitor during the process of monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, resulting in incomplete monitoring data.

[0035] In summary, this device can be applied to different roadways, conveniently install sensors for monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock, and achieve a good monitoring effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the device in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 is the assembly schematic diagram of the fixing structure and the extending structure in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 3 is the assembly schematic diagram of the fixing structure and the extending structure in the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the rigid connecting piece in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 is the front schematic diagram when the second connecting plate is connected in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 is the front schematic diagram when the first connecting plate is connected in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 is the back schematic diagram when the second connecting plate is connected in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 is the connection schematic diagram of the rigid connecting piece and the rigid component in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 9 is the size schematic diagram of the U-shaped nail and the first connecting hole in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 10 is the size schematic diagram of the annular connecting ring and the second connecting hole in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 is the structural schematic diagram of the first semi-circular connecting buckle and the second semi-circular connecting buckle in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 is the sectional view of the rigid connecting piece in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] In the figure: 1. Fixing structure; 2. Extending structure; 3. Connecting structure; 4. First connecting hole; 5. U-shaped nail; 6. First magnet; 7. First connecting plate; 8. Second connecting hole; 9. Annular connecting ring; 10. First connecting base; 11. Second connecting plate; 12. Second magnet; 13. Connecting head; 14. Rigid connecting piece; 15. Second connecting base; 16. Rigid component; 17. Soft component; 18. Fixing nail; 19. Monitor; 20. Through hole; 21. First semi-circular connecting buckle; 22. Second semi-circular connecting buckle; 23. Strong magnetic attraction buckle. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] The following is combined with the attachedFigures 1-12 A further detailed description of the present invention will be given.

[0050] Embodiment: A monitoring device for the stability of surrounding rock in a coal mine roadway, comprising a fixing structure 1, an extending structure 2, a connecting structure 3, fixing nails 18 and a monitor 19. The two ends of the fixing structure 1 and the extending structure 2 are connected by the fixing nails 18. The extending structure 2 and the connecting structure 3 are detachably connected, and the monitor 19 is connected to the connecting structure 3. The specifications of the fixing nails 18 are 20 cm, 25 cm, and 30 cm.

[0051] The fixing structure 1 includes a first connecting plate 7 and U-shaped nails 5. Connecting holes 4 are provided at the four corners of the first connecting plate 7. The U-shaped nails 5 are used to connect two first connecting plates 7. The diameter of the connecting holes 4 is larger than the diameter of the U-shaped nails 5. A first magnet 6 is provided on one side of the first connecting plate 7 close to the extending structure 2.

[0052] The extending structure 2 includes a second connecting plate 11 and an annular connecting ring 9. Connecting holes 8 are provided at the four corners of the second connecting plate 11. The annular connecting ring 9 is used to connect two second connecting plates 11. The annular connecting ring 9 is assembled by a semi-annular connecting buckle 21 and a semi-annular connecting buckle 22. The diameter of the connecting holes 8 is larger than the diameter of the annular connecting ring 9. A second magnet 12 is provided on one side of the second connecting plate 11 close to the fixing structure 1, and a first connecting base 10 is provided on one side of the second connecting plate 11 close to the connecting structure 3.

[0053] The first connecting plate 7 and the second connecting plate 11 have the same size. The first magnet 6 and the second magnet 12 are arranged opposite to each other along the same axis and have opposite magnetic pole directions.

[0054] The connecting structure 3 includes a rigid component 16 and a soft component 17. The rigid component 16 and the soft component 17 are detachably connected. A through hole 20 is provided at the center of the rigid component 16. A connecting head 13 is connected to the first connecting base 10. The connecting head 13 and the first connecting base 10 are connected by threads. The connecting head 13 is fixedly connected to a rigid connecting piece 14. The rigid connecting piece 14 is adapted to the through hole 20. The rigid connecting piece 14 is detachably connected to a second connecting base 15. A strong magnetic attraction buckle 23 is built in the rigid connecting piece 14. The strong magnetic attraction buckle 23 magnetically attracts the second connecting base 15. The magnetic attraction force of the strong magnetic attraction buckle 23 ≥ 5 N, which is applicable to monitors 19 with a weight of less than 10 kg. The second connecting base 15 is detachably connected to the monitor 19. The connection method between the monitor 19 and the second connecting base 15 is threaded connection or snap connection. The soft component 17 is made of elastic rubber, stretchable belt and other materials with the ability of elastic deformation. When using elastic rubber to prepare the soft component, the Shore hardness of the elastic rubber is 60 ± 5, and the tensile strength ≥ 8 MPa.

[0055] Under the structural design of the device of the present invention, according to the width, inclination angle, etc. of the surrounding rock of different roadways, the corresponding number of the first connecting plates can be assembled to form a fixing structure 1 of a suitable length, and then the extension structure 2 and the connecting structure 3 can be assembled according to the number of the fixing structure 1 to construct the basic framework of the device. The basic fixing of the device is realized through the U-shaped nails 5 and the fixing nails 18, and the assembly of the connecting structure 3 and the extension structure 2 is realized through the connecting base 10 on the first connecting plate and the connecting head 13 on the hard connecting piece 14.

[0056] The fixing structure 1 in the device realizes the fixing of the device and the surrounding rock of the roadway. The magnetic repulsion realized by the first magnet 6 and the second magnet 12 between the fixing structure 1 and the extension structure 2, as well as the self-gravity of the extension structure 2 and the connecting structure 3, push the monitor 19 connected to the connecting structure 3 away from the surrounding rock of the roadway, effectively avoiding the monitor 19 being interfered by irregular stones and the like during the process of monitoring the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway, resulting in incomplete monitoring data. After testing, when the distance between the first magnet 6 and the second magnet 12 is 5 cm, the repulsive force reaches 2 N. With the 50% elongation rate of the soft component 17, it can ensure that the minimum distance between the monitor 19 and the surrounding rock of the roadway is ≥ 10 cm.

[0057] Working principle: During the use of the device, according to the conditions of the surrounding rock of different roadways, determine the number of the first connecting plates required. Pass the U-shaped nails 5 through the connecting holes 4 near the positions of two adjacent first connecting plates 7 to connect the first connecting plates in pairs to form the fixing structure 1.

[0058] Select the second connecting plates with the same number as the first connecting plates, and connect the second connecting plates in pairs through the semi-circular connecting buckle 21 and the semi-circular connecting buckle 22 of the annular connecting ring 9 to form the extension structure 2.

[0059] Assemble the hard connecting pieces 14 and the second connecting plates one by one through the connecting head 13 at the bottom of the hard connecting plate and the connecting base 10 on the second connecting plate, wherein the connecting head 13 and the hard connecting plate are connected by threads. Each hard connecting plate corresponds to one second connecting plate, and then determine the number of the hard components 16 according to the number of the hard connecting plates. Connect a soft component 17 between every two hard components 16, and the hard components 16 and the soft components 17 can be fixed by detachable fixing methods such as buckles and pasting. Then, pass the hard connecting piece 14 through the through hole 20 in the hard component 16, and finally adsorb a connecting base 15 on each hard connecting piece 14 to form the connecting structure 3.

[0060] At this time, connect the two ends of the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate through the fixing nails 18. Fix the fixing nails 18 and the U-shaped nails 5 one by one inside the surrounding rock of the roadway to realize the fixing of the fixing structure 1, the extension structure 2 and the connecting structure 3.

[0061] Under the action of gravity, the connecting structure 3 and the extending structure 2 will naturally fall. However, since the surrounding rock of the coal mine roadway is usually an arched structure, it is not possible to fix the device at the top of the roadway surrounding rock every time. Sometimes, there will be a situation where some components need to be installed vertically. In the case of vertical installation, only affected by its own gravity, the extending structure 2 and the fixing structure 1 may fit together. At this time, when installing the monitor 19 at this position, the monitor 19 is relatively close to the surrounding rock of the roadway, and may be blocked by protruding stones on the surrounding rock, resulting in incomplete monitoring. To avoid the above situation, a magnet 6 is provided on the first connecting plate, and a magnet 12 is provided on the second connecting plate. The magnet 6 and the magnet 12 are arranged corresponding to each other, and the opposite surfaces of the two are the same pole, and they repel each other. In addition, since a soft component 17 with the ability of elastic deformation is provided in the connecting structure 3, the elastic deformation of the soft component 17 cooperates with the magnetic repulsion, which can effectively realize the multi-angle adaptive adjustment of the monitor 19, and can more comprehensively realize the monitoring of the stability of the coal mine roadway.

[0062] After the above assembly is completed, during the use process, fixing nails 18 and U-shaped nails 5 are fixed in the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the basic skeleton structure of the device can be effectively fixed. However, due to differences in the width, inclination angle, and the shape and structure of surrounding stones of different roadway surrounding rocks, the installation position of the device is not fixed. The optimal installation method of the device is to install it at the center near the top of the roadway surrounding rock. After connecting the monitor 19 subsequently, it can better monitor the surrounding situation to ensure better monitoring of the stability of the roadway surrounding rock.

[0063] However, if the above installation method cannot be realized for some roadway surrounding rocks, it can be installed on the side wall according to actual needs, or partially installed on the side wall and partially installed on the top, etc. After many actual practice operations, it is found that after the device is installed in a roadway with an inclination angle of 30°, the monitoring error rate is reduced by 18% compared with the traditional device.

[0064] This specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present invention, and it is not a limitation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications without creative contributions to this embodiment according to needs after reading this specification, but as long as it is within the scope of the claims of the present invention, it is protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device, characterized by: The device comprises a fixed structure (1), an extension structure (2), a connecting structure (3), a fixing nail (18) and a monitor (19); the fixing structure (1) and the extension structure (2) are connected at both ends via the fixing nail (18); the extension structure (2) and the connecting structure (3) are detachably connected; and the connecting structure (3) is connected to the monitor (19); The fixing structure (1) comprises a connecting plate (7) and a U-shaped nail (5), the four corners of the connecting plate (7) are provided with connecting holes (4), the U-shaped nail (5) is used to connect two connecting plates (7), and a magnet (6) is provided on the side of the connecting plate (7) close to the extension structure (2); The extension structure (2) comprises a second connecting plate (11) and an annular connecting ring (9), the four corners of the second connecting plate (11) are each provided with a second connecting hole (8), the annular connecting ring (9) is used to connect two second connecting plates (11), a second magnet (12) is provided on the side of the second connecting plate (11) close to the fixed structure (1), and a first connecting base (10) is provided on the side of the second connecting plate (11) close to the connecting structure (3); The connection structure (3) comprises a hard component (16) and a soft component (17), wherein the hard component (16) is detachably connected to the soft component (17), a through hole (20) is provided at the center of the hard component (16), the connecting base (10) is connected to a connecting head (13), the connecting head (13) is connected to the connecting base (10) by threads, the connecting head (13) is fixedly connected to a hard connector (14), the hard connector (14) is adapted to the through hole (20), the hard connector (14) is detachably connected to the connecting base (15), and the connecting base (15) is detachably connected to a monitor (19).

2. A coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the connecting hole 1 (4) is larger than the diameter of the U-shaped nail (5).

3. A coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular connection ring (9) is assembled from a semi-annular connection buckle 1 (21) and a semi-annular connection buckle 2 (22).

4. A coal mine tunnel surrounding rock stability monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting plate 1 (7) and the connecting plate 2 (11) have the same size.

5. The device for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The diameter of the second connecting hole (8) is greater than the diameter of the annular connecting ring (9).

6. The device for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The magnet one (6) and the magnet two (12) are arranged opposite to each other along the same axis, and their magnetic poles are in opposite directions.

7. The device for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specifications of the fixing nail (18) are 20cm, 25cm and 30cm.

8. The device for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The hard connector (14) is internally provided with a strong magnetic buckle (23), and the strong magnetic buckle (23) is magnetically attracted to the second connection base (15).

9. The device for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soft component (17) includes but is not limited to elastic rubber and telescopic belt.

10. The device for monitoring the stability of surrounding rock in coal mine tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection mode between the monitor (19) and the second connecting base (15) is threaded connection or snap connection.

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