Anti-unmanned aerial vehicle group intelligent display shell based on STM32

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-unmanned aerial vehicle group intelligent display shell based on STM32, which comprises a launching mechanism, and is characterized in that the launching mechanism comprises a multi-tube launching device, a launching barrel mounted in a launching tube of the multi-tube launching device, a soil base arranged at the bottom of the launching barrel, and propellant powder mounted at the upper end of the soil base; the device comprises a gun propellant, a placing barrel arranged at the upper end of the gun propellant, fireworks bullets installed in the placing barrel, explosives arranged in the fireworks bullets, a PCB circuit board, a millimeter wave radar module and a millimeter wave radar glass cover which are arranged at the upper end of the placing barrel, and a multi-element sensing system arranged at the side end of the placing barrel. The 2.4 GHz wireless communication module, the STM32 main controller, the ignition device of the propellant powder and the explosive and the linear voltage regulator are arranged on the PCB, and the USB power supply system is installed at the lower end of the PCB. According to the invention, accurate detection and low-cost batch interception of the unmanned aerial vehicle group can be realized, and the technical problems of insufficient coverage range, low accuracy and high cost are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of anti-drone defense systems, and particularly to an intelligent fireworks shell for anti-drone swarms based on STM32. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development and popularization of drone technology, its applications in civilian and military fields are becoming increasingly widespread. However, the development of drone technology has also brought potential security threats and defense challenges. Especially in the military field, drone swarms have become a highly threatening means of attack, demonstrating powerful reconnaissance, strike, and electronic jamming capabilities in low-altitude combat environments. In recent international conflicts, drone swarms have been widely used to carry out precision strikes and area control, posing an unprecedented challenge to traditional defense systems. Existing anti-drone technologies mainly include microwave beams, laser weapons, and traditional artillery defense systems. Although these technologies have certain effects in dealing with single drone threats, they all show obvious deficiencies when facing drone swarms: 1) The microwave beam technology has high destructive power against a single drone, but its coverage range is severely limited, making it difficult to effectively intercept multiple drone targets simultaneously; 2) The microwave beam device is costly and bulky, restricting its flexible deployment and wide application in battlefield environments; 3) Although laser weapons have the ability of precise strikes, they are significantly affected by meteorological conditions, and their performance drops greatly in rainy, foggy, or dusty environments. At the same time, laser weapons are highly dependent on energy, have insufficient continuous combat capabilities, and have a high cost per single strike; 4) Traditional artillery defense systems can cover a large airspace, but they have low accuracy, slow response speed, are difficult to form effective interception against flexible drone swarms, and have a large ammunition consumption and high combat costs.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of anti-drone swarm defense system that can respond to drone swarm threats in a low-cost and high-efficiency manner and achieve effective protection of a large airspace. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems faced by existing anti-drone technologies, such as small coverage range, low accuracy, high cost, and insufficient killing effect on drone swarms, the present invention designs an intelligent fireworks shell for anti-drone swarms based on STM32.

[0005] To achieve the above technical effects, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: An anti-drone swarm intelligent fireworks shell based on STM32, including a launching mechanism, characterized in that the launching mechanism includes a multi-tube launching device, a launching barrel installed inside the launching tube of the multi-tube launching device, a soil base provided at the bottom of the launching barrel, a propellant installed at the upper end of the soil base, a placement barrel provided at the upper end of the propellant, a fireworks shell pellet installed inside the placement barrel, an explosive installed inside the fireworks shell pellet, a PCB circuit board, a millimeter-wave radar module and a millimeter-wave radar glass cover provided at the upper end of the placement barrel, a multi-sensor system provided at the side end of the placement barrel, a 2.4GHz wireless communication module, an STM32 main controller, an ignition device for the propellant and the explosive, and a linear voltage regulator provided on the PCB circuit board, and a USB power supply system installed at the lower end of the PCB circuit board.

[0006] Further, the air pressure and temperature sensor is BMP280; it is used to detect the flying height of the fireworks shell and the ambient temperature in real time;

[0007] The millimeter-wave radar sensor is HLK-LD2450; it has strong environmental penetration ability and can detect and track target drones in real time under complex meteorological conditions;

[0008] The 2.4GHz wireless communication module is ESP-07S, which adopts an encrypted communication protocol; it ensures the security and stability of the control signal transmission;

[0009] The linear voltage regulator is ME6211C33M5G-N; it ensures reliable system power supply;

[0010] The STM32 main controller is STM32F411RET6, which uses a real-time operating system for target parameter calculation and control timing management;

[0011] The ignition device for the propellant and the explosive adopts an isolation drive circuit composed of an optocoupler UMW817C-S and a MOS tube WSF45P10 to ensure safe isolation of the high-voltage and low-voltage circuits.

[0012] Further, the STM32 main controller is connected to the millimeter-wave radar sensor through a serial port, connected to the air pressure and temperature sensor through I2C, connected to the 2.4GHz wireless communication module through UART, and controls the ignition device for the propellant and the explosive through a GPIO interface;

[0013] Further, the STM32 main controller processes radar data through a real-time operating system, calculates the motion parameters of the drone swarm, and determines the best interception timing according to a preset algorithm;

[0014] The explosive is connected to an electronic fuse, and the electronic fuse is connected to the STM32 main controller through a communication control line to achieve precise detonation control;

[0015] The STM32 main controller is connected to a barometric altimeter, and a foam sponge protective layer is installed above the barometric altimeter to prevent air flow interference and improve measurement accuracy.

[0016] Furthermore, the multi-sensor perception system includes one or more sensors among a barometric temperature sensor, a millimeter-wave radar sensor, a machine vision module, an acoustic detector, an infrared thermal imaging sensor, a microwave detector, a laser rangefinder, a vibration sensor, and an electromagnetic signal detector; through multi-source perception fusion technology, all-round and multi-dimensional detection and identification of targets are realized, greatly improving the detection reliability and anti-interference ability of the system in complex environments.

[0017] Furthermore, the fireworks shell is spherical with a diameter of 4.5 - 5.5 cm and a weight of 135 - 155 g. It has an inner layer filled with explosive, and metal pellets are evenly distributed on the outer shell and covered with aluminum foil; the aluminum foil forms an electromagnetic scatterer to enhance the interference effect on the electronic system of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the metal pellets produce a large-scale scattering effect after explosion.

[0018] Furthermore, the launch tubes of the multi-tube launch device are distributed in a circular array and are installed on a vehicle or a fixed platform to achieve protective coverage of a large range of airspace.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] The present invention integrates a barometric temperature sensor and a millimeter-wave radar sensor, and through a multi-source data fusion algorithm, precise identification and positioning of unmanned aerial vehicle swarms are achieved, greatly improving the interception success rate; by designing the fireworks shell into a spherical shape and evenly distributing metal pellets and covering it with aluminum foil inside, a large-scale scattering field is formed after explosion, enabling effective strikes on multiple unmanned aerial vehicle targets simultaneously, and solving the problem of low single-point strike efficiency in the prior art; by setting a millimeter-wave radar, due to its strong environmental penetration ability, it can adapt to complex battlefield environments and still maintain stable detection performance under harsh conditions such as rain, fog, and smoke and dust, significantly enhancing the all-weather combat ability of the system; compared with laser weapons and microwave beam systems, the present invention adopts a modular design and low-cost electronic components, greatly reducing the single interception cost, while improving the interception efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle swarms, achieving a low-cost and high-performance defense ability; the multi-tube launch system provided can be installed on a vehicle or a fixed platform, adapting to different combat environment requirements, providing diversified application solutions, and enhancing the tactical flexibility of the system. Description of the Drawings

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is the overall connection architecture diagram of the system of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is the circuit connection schematic diagram of the linear voltage regulator of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is the circuit connection schematic diagram of the barometric temperature sensor of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is the circuit connection schematic diagram of the 2.4GHz wireless communication module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is the circuit connection schematic diagram of the millimeter-wave radar sensor of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the propellant ignition system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the explosive ignition system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the USB power supply system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 It is the package diagram of the STM32F411RET6 processor of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the pull-up resistor of the system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 It is the structural schematic diagram of the fireworks projectile of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 12 It is the schematic diagram of the fireworks projectile of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 It is the working flow chart of the fireworks projectile of the present invention.

[0035] In the accompanying drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0036] 1. Millimeter-wave radar glass cover; 2. Millimeter-wave radar module; 3. PCB circuit board; 4. Foam sponge protective layer; 5. Firework pellet; 6. Propellant; 7. Soil base; 8. Outer shell; 9. Metal pellet; 10. Explosive; 11. Launch barrel; 12. Placing barrel; 13. Millimeter-wave radar module; 14. Multi-sensor system. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] Refer to Figures 1 to 13 As shown, an anti-drone swarm intelligent firework based on STM32 includes a launching mechanism, characterized in that the launching mechanism includes a multi-tube launching device, a launch barrel 11 installed inside the launching tubes of the multi-tube launching device, a soil base 7 provided at the bottom of the launch barrel 11, a propellant 6 installed at the upper end of the soil base 7, a placing barrel 12 provided at the upper end of the propellant 6, a firework pellet 5 installed inside the placing barrel 12, an explosive 10 provided inside the firework pellet 5, a PCB circuit board 3, a millimeter-wave radar module 2 and a millimeter-wave radar glass cover 1 provided at the upper end of the placing barrel 12, a multi-sensor system 14 provided at the side end of the placing barrel 12, a 2.4GHz wireless communication module, an STM32 main controller, an ignition device for the propellant and the explosive, and a linear voltage regulator provided on the PCB circuit board 3, and a USB power supply system installed at the lower end of the PCB circuit board; each component on the PCB circuit board 3 is interconnected with the circuit through a dedicated communication interface to form a complete detection - decision - execution system.

[0040] The barometric pressure and temperature sensor is BMP280; it is used to detect the flying altitude and ambient temperature of the fireworks projectile 5 in real time; this sensor has the characteristics of high precision and low power consumption, and can provide reliable altitude and temperature data in complex environments. The BMP280 barometric pressure and temperature sensor has eight pins, and its connection configuration is as follows: The connection configuration is as follows: The VCC pin is connected to the 3.3V power supply terminal to ensure the stable power supply of the sensor; the GND pin is connected to the system ground to form a complete circuit loop; the CSB pin is pulled up to the 3.3V level to make the sensor work in the I2C communication mode; the SDI pin is connected to the PB7 port of STM32 to achieve data transmission; the SCK pin is connected to the PB8 port of STM32 to provide a clock signal; the SDO pin is grounded to complete the I2C address configuration. Through this configuration, the barometric pressure and temperature sensor can stably communicate with the STM32F411RET6 microcontroller in the I2C bus mode to achieve the accurate acquisition and transmission of altitude data.

[0041] The millimeter-wave radar sensor is HLK-LD2450; it has strong environmental penetration ability and can detect and track the target UAV in real time under complex meteorological conditions; this sensor adopts advanced 24GHz millimeter-wave technology, has super penetration ability and anti-interference ability, and can effectively detect the position, altitude and flight direction of the target UAV in various harsh environments; the interface design of the radar module has been optimized, and only four pins of VCC, GND, TXD, and RXD are required to achieve full-function operation: The VCC pin is connected to the 3.3V power supply terminal of the system to ensure the normal working voltage of the radar; the GND pin is connected to the system ground to form a complete power supply loop; TXD and RXD are respectively connected to the PA2 and PA3 ports of the STM32 microcontroller, and data exchange is realized through the asynchronous serial communication protocol, and the baud rate is set to 115200bps to ensure the real-time transmission and processing of radar data.

[0042] The 2.4GHz wireless communication module is ESP-07S, which adopts an encrypted communication protocol to ensure the security and stability of control signal transmission. This module integrates a high-performance Wi-Fi transceiver and a TCP / IP protocol stack, enabling secure and reliable wireless data transmission and real-time command interaction with the ground control system. The interface connection of the ESP-07S module has been carefully optimized: the VCC pin is connected to the 3.3V power supply terminal to ensure the stable operation of the module; the GND pin is connected to the system ground; the CH_PD(EN) pin is pulled up to the 3.3V level to activate the normal working mode of the module; the RST pin is connected to the system through an RC reset circuit, supporting both software and hardware reset functions; the GPIO0 pin is pulled up to 3.3V through a 10kΩ precision resistor to ensure that the module is in the normal operating mode rather than the program burning mode; the TXD pin is connected to the PB11 port (USART3_RX) of the STM32, used to send data to the main controller; the RXD pin is connected to the PB10 port (USART3_TX) of the STM32, used to receive commands from the main controller; the GPIO15 pin is connected to the ground through a pull-down resistor to disable the SPI boot mode. It communicates with the STM32 microcontroller through the UART serial protocol, and the default baud rate is set to 115200bps to ensure the timeliness and reliability of command transmission.

[0043] The linear voltage regulator is ME6211C33M5G-N, which ensures reliable system power supply. This voltage regulator has ultra-low noise and high-precision output characteristics, and can stably convert the 5V voltage provided by the USB into the 3.3V working voltage required by the system to provide stable power for each functional module. Its circuit connection configuration is as follows: the VSS, VIN, and CE pins are connected to the 5V power supply terminal of the USB through a carefully designed filter capacitor network to effectively filter out power supply ripples; the NC pin is kept floating to avoid external interference; the VOUT pin is connected to the system 3.3V power supply line through multiple filter capacitors to ensure the purity and stability of the output voltage and strong anti-load change ability.

[0044] The STM32 main controller is STM32F411RET6, which uses a real-time operating system for target parameter calculation and control timing management.

[0045] The ignition device for the propellant 6 and the explosive 10 adopts an advanced electrical isolation drive circuit composed of an optocoupler UMW817C-S and a MOS transistor WSF45P10, ensuring the safe isolation of high-voltage and low-voltage circuits and effectively preventing the reverse impact of high-voltage circuit failures on the control system. The main controller drives the high-power MOS transistor WSF45P10 through an optocoupler isolation circuit. This MOS transistor has an ultra-low on-resistance and a high current-carrying capacity. A special metal ignition wire is connected to the drain output terminal. When the main controller issues a trigger signal, the metal wire quickly heats up to the ignition threshold, reliably igniting the propellant or explosive and ensuring the precise launch and timed explosion of the fireworks shell.

[0046] The STM32 main controller is connected to the millimeter-wave radar sensor through a serial port, to the air pressure and temperature sensor through I2C, to the 2.4GHz wireless communication module through UART, and controls the ignition devices for the propellant and the explosive through the GPIO interface.

[0047] The STM32 main controller processes the radar data through a real-time operating system, calculates the motion parameters of the UAV swarm, and determines the optimal interception timing according to a preset algorithm.

[0048] The explosive 10 is connected to an electronic fuse, and the electronic fuse is connected to the STM32 main controller through a communication control line to achieve precise detonation control.

[0049] The STM32 main controller is connected to an air pressure altimeter, and a foam sponge protective layer 4 is installed above the air pressure altimeter to prevent air flow interference and improve measurement accuracy.

[0050] The multi-sensor perception system 14 includes one or more sensors such as an air pressure and temperature sensor, a millimeter-wave radar sensor, a machine vision module, an acoustic detector, an infrared thermal imaging sensor, a microwave detector, a laser rangefinder, a vibration sensor, and an electromagnetic signal detector. Through multi-source perception fusion technology, it realizes the all-round and multi-dimensional detection and identification of targets, greatly improving the detection reliability and anti-interference ability of the system in complex environments.

[0051] The fireworks shell 5 is spherical with a diameter of 4.5 - 5.5 cm and a weight of 135 - 155 g. It has an inner layer filled with the explosive 10, and metal pellets 9 are evenly distributed on the outer shell and covered with aluminum foil. The aluminum foil forms an electromagnetic scatterer to enhance the interference effect on the UAV's electronic system, and the shell produces a large-scale scattering effect after explosion.

[0052] The launch tubes of the multi-tube launch device are arranged in an array and installed on a vehicle or a fixed platform to achieve the protection coverage of a large range of airspace.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] Working principle: The present invention adopts an integrated main controller that works in coordination with a variety of sensors, communication modules, and actuators to achieve automatic detection, identification, and precise interception of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. After the system is started, the main controller initializes each functional module according to a preset program, establishes a wireless communication link with the ground control station, and simultaneously activates the millimeter-wave radar sensor to perform real-time scanning of the airspace.

[0055] In practical applications, the designed multi-barrel fireworks projectile launching device can be installed on a motor vehicle or a fixed defense platform. The launching device is distributed in a circular array to maximize the coverage of the airspace range. Each launching tube is pre-loaded with a special fireworks shell. After the fireworks projectile 5 receives the launch command through the wireless communication module, the main controller precisely controls the ignition device to ignite the propellant and push the fireworks shell to a predetermined height.

[0056] The fireworks projectile 5 adopts an advanced spherical projectile design. It is internally provided with an explosion charge 10 filling layer calculated elaborately. A highly reliable electronic fuse is installed at the central position. Special-treated metal pellets 9 are evenly arranged on the outer shell surface, and a special metal aluminum foil is covered to enhance the electromagnetic scattering effect. A high-precision barometric altimeter is installed on the side of the fireworks projectile 5, and a special foam sponge protective layer 4 is covered on the outside to effectively shield the interference of external airflows and ensure the height measurement accuracy.

[0057] The system working process is as follows: Start the high-performance millimeter-wave radar to continuously scan and monitor the dynamic information in the airspace of the monitoring area and capture the motion characteristics of the UAV swarm in real time. Through an optimized data processing algorithm, transmit the data of the height, position, and motion direction of the UAV cluster in the target area to the STM32 main control through a high-speed serial port. Set the optimal explosion height and timing of the fireworks shell in the control system according to the mission requirements and threat assessment results. When the radar system detects that the target UAV swarm enters the threat airspace, transmit the precise target data to the STM32 main controller. The main controller calculates the target parameters and analyzes the threat level through a real-time operating system, and sends a precise control command to the ignition system.

[0058] The STM32 main controller comprehensively analyzes the real-time data from the barometric altimeter and the millimeter-wave radar, continuously updates the flight state and target intelligence of the fireworks shell. When the preset optimal interception condition is reached and the target is confirmed as an enemy UAV, control the electronic fuse to precisely detonate the main charge. The directional shock wave generated by the explosion scatters the pre-loaded metal pellets 9 and special metal aluminum foil strips at the best angle, forming a large-range and high-density killing area to effectively perform hard killing and electronic interference on the UAV swarm, significantly improving the interception success rate.

Claims

1. An anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell based on STM32, including a launching mechanism, characterized in that: The launching mechanism comprises a multi-tube launching device, a launching barrel installed inside the launching tube of the multi-tube launching device, a soil base arranged at the bottom of the launching barrel, a propellant installed at the upper end of the soil base, a placing barrel arranged at the upper end of the propellant, a fireworks projectile installed inside the placing barrel, an explosive arranged inside the fireworks projectile, a PCB board circuit board, a millimeter wave radar module and a millimeter wave radar glass cover arranged at the upper end of the placing barrel, a multi-sensing system arranged at the side end of the placing barrel, a 2.4 GHz wireless communication module, an STM32 main controller, a propellant and explosive ignition device and a linear regulator arranged on the PCB board circuit board, and a USB power supply system installed at the lower end of the PCB board circuit board.

2. According to a kind of STM32-based anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, The air pressure and temperature sensor is BMP280; the millimeter wave radar sensor is HLK-LD2450; the 2.4GHz wireless communication module is ESP-07S, which adopts an encrypted communication protocol; the linear regulator is ME6211C33M5G-N; the STM32 main controller is STM32F411RET6, which adopts a real-time operating system for target parameter calculation and control timing management; the ignition device of the propellant and explosive adopts an isolation drive circuit composed of an optical coupler UMW817C-S and a MOS tube WSF45P10 to ensure safe isolation of high and low voltage circuits.

3. According to a kind of STM32-based anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, The STM32 main controller is connected to the millimeter wave radar sensor through the serial port, connected to the air pressure temperature sensor through I2C, connected to the 2.4GHz wireless communication module through UART, and controls the propellant and explosive ignition devices through the GPIO interface.

4. According to the STM32-based anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: The STM32 main controller processes radar data through a real-time operating system, calculates the motion parameters of the drone group, and determines the optimal interception time according to a preset algorithm; the explosive is connected to an electronic fuze, and the electronic fuze is connected to the STM32 main controller through a communication control line to achieve precise detonation control; the STM32 main controller is connected to a barometric altimeter, and a foam sponge protective layer is installed above the barometric altimeter to prevent airflow interference and improve measurement accuracy.

5. The anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell based on STM32 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-sensing system includes one or more sensors selected from the group consisting of an air pressure and temperature sensor, a millimeter wave radar sensor, a machine vision module, an acoustic detector, an infrared thermal imaging sensor, a microwave detector, a laser rangefinder, a vibration sensor, and an electromagnetic signal detector.

6. The anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell based on STM32 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireworks projectile is in a spherical shape with a diameter of 4.5 to 5.5 cm and a weight of 135 to 155 g. An interlayer filled with explosive is arranged inside the projectile, and the outer shell is evenly provided with metal projectiles and covered with metal aluminum foil.

7. The anti-UAV swarm intelligent fireworks shell based on STM32 according to claim 1, characterized in that: The launch tubes of the multi-tube launch device are distributed in a circular array and installed on a vehicle or a fixed platform to achieve protective coverage of a large range of airspace.

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