Blasting device and method suitable for layered rock mass of mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting device and method suitable for a mine layered rock mass, belongs to the technical field of mine blasting equipment and methods, and aims to improve the blasting effect of the mine layered rock mass. According to the technical scheme, an energy gathering pipe is a circular pipe and placed in a blast hole, the lower end of the energy gathering pipe makes contact with the bottom face of the blast hole, the upper end of the energy gathering pipe is sealed through a cover plate, a plurality of energy gathering cavities are evenly distributed in the outer wall of the energy gathering pipe, transmission holes are formed in the centers of the energy gathering cavities and communicated with an energy gathering pipe cavity, a rib plate is a circular ring, and an inner hole of the rib plate is arranged on the outer wall of the energy gathering pipe in a sleeved mode. The circular ring peripheries of the rib plates are connected with the blast holes in an abutting mode, and the multiple rib plates are evenly distributed in the length direction of the energy gathering pipe. The device is reasonable in structure and convenient to use, can control the action direction of detonation energy, reduces the escape of the detonation energy on a layered rock mass structural surface, reduces the boulder rate of mine layered rock mass blasting, reduces the explosive consumption, improves the layered rock mass blasting quality, and has good popularization and use values in the industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a blasting device and method applicable to layered rock masses in mines, belonging to the technical field of mine blasting equipment and methods. Background Art

[0002] In conventional mine blasting, a continuous charge structure is mostly adopted, and after the hole mouth is blocked, blasting operations are carried out. This blasting method can achieve good blasting effects for homogeneous and intact rock masses. However, when this blasting method is used for blasting layered rock masses, due to the lack of consideration of the internal structural characteristics of the rock masses, problems such as waste of blasting energy, high large block rate, and high blasting cost will occur. The reasons are as follows: First, the bedding plane strength of the layered rock mass is relatively low, and the detonation gas generated by the explosion will first escape along the bedding plane, wasting part of the detonation energy and weakening the fragmentation effect of the high-pressure gas. Second, cracks are more likely to form in the direction of the bedding plane during blasting, while it is not easy to form cracks in the direction perpendicular to the bedding plane. This also weakens the rock fragmentation effect, increases the large block rate of the rock, and increases the workload of secondary crushing in the mine, thereby increasing the mine crushing cost. In this case, if the amount of explosive is increased or the hole pattern parameters are reduced in order to improve the blasting quality, although the above problems can be solved to a certain extent, the mine blasting cost is greatly increased, resulting in greater energy waste. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a blasting device applicable to layered rock masses to improve the blasting quality of layered rock masses in mines and reduce the blasting cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a blasting device applicable to layered rock masses in mines, which can control the action direction of the detonation energy, reduce the escape of the detonation energy on the structural surface of the layered rock mass, and improve the blasting quality of the layered rock mass.

[0004] The technical solution for solving the above technical problem is as follows: A blasting device applicable to layered rock masses in mines, which includes a shaped charge pipe, a cover plate, and rib plates. The shaped charge pipe is a circular pipe, which is placed in the blast hole. The lower end of the shaped charge pipe is in contact with the bottom surface of the blast hole. The upper end of the shaped charge pipe is closed by a cover plate. A plurality of shaped charge cavities are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the shaped charge pipe. A transmission hole is provided at the center of each shaped charge cavity and is connected to the cavity of the shaped charge pipe. Each rib plate is a ring, the inner hole of the rib plate is sleeved on the outer wall of the shaped charge pipe, and the outer circumference of the ring of the rib plate is tightly connected to the inner wall of the blast hole. A plurality of rib plates are evenly distributed along the length direction of the shaped charge pipe.

[0005] For the above-mentioned blasting device applicable to layered rock masses in mines, the shaped charge cavity is of a V-shaped structure, the opening of the V-shaped structure is designed to be 30° - 120°, a transmission hole is provided at the bottom end of the V-shaped structure, and a plurality of V-shaped shaped charge cavities continuously form a circular ring around the circumference of the shaped charge pipe. The circular ring formed by a plurality of shaped charge cavities is evenly distributed along the length direction of the shaped charge pipe.

[0006] The above-mentioned blasting device applicable to the layered rock mass in mines, the cavity of the shaped charge tube is filled with explosives and detonators are placed. There is a wire hole in the center of the cover plate, and the initiating wire of the detonator is pulled out through the wire hole of the cover plate and connected to the initiating device. Plugging material is filled above the cover plate to plug the blast hole.

[0007] A blasting method using the blasting device applicable to the layered rock mass in mines, which is carried out by the following steps: The first step is to place the shaped charge tube in the blast hole, load the explosives inside the shaped charge tube, and when loading the explosives into the shaped charge tube, load the detonator into the device together. The second step is that after the explosives and detonators are loaded, pass the initiating wire through the central small hole of the cover plate. The third step is to put the cover plate into the blast hole and place it at the end of the shaped charge tube. The fourth step is to fill the plugging material above the cover plate to complete the plugging of the blast hole. The fifth step is to initiate the blast.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The shaped charge cavities of the present invention are continuously and evenly distributed on the outer wall of the shaped charge tube. The shaped charge cavities can form a shaped charge jet perpendicular to the structural plane of the layered rock mass, reducing the escape of detonation energy on the structural plane of the layered rock mass and improving the blasting effect; the transmission holes on the hole wall of the shaped charge cavities can further improve the shaped charge effect; the rib plates arranged axially on the shaped charge tube can keep the shaped charge tube in the center of the blast hole, evenly utilize the compensation space, and improve the decoupled shaped charge blasting effect.

[0009] The structure of the present invention is reasonable and easy to use. It can control the action direction of the detonation energy, reduce the escape of detonation energy on the structural plane of the layered rock mass, reduce the large block rate of the layered rock mass blasting in mines, reduce the explosive consumption, improve the blasting quality of the layered rock mass, and has good popularization and application value in the industry. Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 the A-A cross-sectional view of

[0011] The marks in the figure are as follows: layered rock mass 1, blast hole 2, shaped charge tube 3, cover plate 4, rib plate 5, shaped charge cavity 6, transmission hole 7, plugging material 8. Detailed Embodiments

[0012] The present invention is composed of a shaped charge tube 3, a cover plate 4, and a rib plate 5.

[0013] Figure 1It is shown that the energy concentrating tube 3 is a circular tube. The energy concentrating tube 3 is placed in the hole of the blast hole 2. The lower end of the energy concentrating tube 3 is in contact with the bottom surface of the blast hole 2, and the upper end of the energy concentrating tube 3 is closed by a cover plate 4. The cavity of the energy concentrating tube 3 is filled with explosive and a detonator is placed. There is a wire hole in the center of the cover plate 4, and the initiating wire of the detonator is pulled out through the wire hole of the cover plate 4 and connected to the initiating device. Plugging material 8 is filled in the upper part of the cover plate 4, and the plugging material 8 plugs the blast hole 2.

[0014] Figure 1 It is shown that the rib plate 5 is a circular ring. The inner hole of the rib plate 5 is sleeved on the outer wall of the energy concentrating tube 3. The outer circumference of the circular ring of the rib plate 5 is tightly connected to the inner wall of the blast hole 2. A plurality of rib plates 5 are evenly distributed along the length direction of the energy concentrating tube 3. Three rib plates 5 are shown in the figure, and the three rib plates 5 are respectively installed at both ends and the middle position of the energy concentrating tube 3.

[0015] Figure 1 It is shown that a plurality of energy concentrating cavities 6 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the energy concentrating tube 3. There is a transmission hole 7 in the center of the energy concentrating cavity 6, which is communicated with the cavity of the energy concentrating tube 3. The energy concentrating cavities 6 are continuously and evenly distributed on the outer wall of the energy concentrating tube 3. The energy concentrating cavities 6 can form an energy concentrating jet perpendicular to the structural plane of the layered rock mass 1, reduce the escape of detonation energy on the structural plane of the layered rock mass 1, improve the blasting effect, and the transmission holes 7 on the hole wall of the energy concentrating cavities 6 can further improve the energy concentrating effect.

[0016] Figure 2 It is shown that the energy concentrating cavity 6 is a V-shaped structure. The opening of the V-shaped structure is designed to be 30° - 120°. There is a transmission hole 7 at the bottom end of the V-shaped structure. A plurality of V-shaped energy concentrating cavities 6 are continuously formed into a circular ring surrounding the circumference of the energy concentrating tube 3, and the circular ring formed by the plurality of energy concentrating cavities 6 is evenly distributed along the length direction of the energy concentrating tube 3.

[0017] The usage method of the present invention adopts the following steps: In the deep hole blasting project of underground mines, it is necessary to blast a cut shaft for cutting to provide a compensation space for subsequent blasting. There is only one free face in the cut shaft cutting blasting, which limits the rock-breaking effect of the explosive energy. The existence of bedding in the layered rock mass promotes the loss of explosive energy in the bedding, further limiting the rock-breaking effect of the explosive energy. Using the device of the present invention can effectively concentrate the release direction of the explosive energy, reduce the loss of explosive energy between the bedding, and play a better rock-breaking role.

[0018] During the blasting operation, the bucket-shaped cut technology was adopted. Specifically, 1 central empty hole and 4 auxiliary holes were designed, and there were also 4 peripheral holes. The distance between these peripheral holes was set to 2m to ensure the uniformity and safety of the blasting effect. The distance between the auxiliary holes was set to 0.5m to ensure that the auxiliary holes could effectively utilize the compensation space of the central empty hole, thereby achieving a better blasting effect. The auxiliary holes were divided into two segments for initiation in the hole, and the peripheral holes were also divided into two segments for initiation in the hole. 50 ms after the first segment of the auxiliary holes was initiated, the first segment of the peripheral holes was initiated; the subsequent interval time was also set to 50 ms, and the auxiliary holes and the peripheral holes were initiated in sequence.

[0019] After determining the above parameters, the following steps are taken.

[0020] In the first step, the shaped charge tube 3 is placed in the blast hole 2, and the explosive is loaded inside the shaped charge tube 3. When loading the explosive into the shaped charge tube 3, the detonator is also loaded into the device, and the initiation time is set as the first segment. In the second step, after the explosive and the detonator are loaded, the initiation wire is passed through the central small hole of the cover plate 4, and the cover plate 4 is placed inside the blast hole 2 at the end of the shaped charge tube 3. The segments are separated by stemming. Repeat the first step to complete the loading of the second segment of the explosive and the detonator. In the third step, the cover plate 4 is placed inside the blast hole 2 at the end of the shaped charge tube 3. In the fourth step, the plugging material 8 is filled above the cover plate 4 to complete the plugging of the blast hole 2. In the fifth step, initiation is carried out.

[0021] In addition to the above usage method, the device with different lengths can also be made and applied to the fan-shaped long-hole blasting in layered rock mass mines.

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention is as follows: The length of the blast hole 2 is 12m, the diameter is 76mm, and the blast hole spacing is 1.5m. The shaped charge tube 3 is a PVC tube with a length of 5m, a diameter of 60mm, and a thickness of 1.5mm. The diameter of the cover plate 4 is 75mm, the thickness is 5mm, and the diameter of the central small hole is 10mm. The outer diameter of the rib plate 5 is 75mm, the inner hole diameter is 60mm, and the thickness is 5mm. The opening of the V-shaped structure of the shaped charge cavity 6 is 110°. The diameter of the transmission hole 7 is 3mm.

Claims

1. A blasting device suitable for layered rock mass in mines, characterized by: The energy-gathering tube (3) comprises an energy-gathering tube (3), a cover plate (4) and a rib plate (5). The energy-gathering tube (3) is a circular tube, which is placed in a blasthole (2). The lower end of the energy-gathering tube (3) contacts the bottom surface of the blasthole (2). The upper end of the energy-gathering tube (3) is closed by a cover plate (4). A plurality of energy-gathering holes (6) are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the energy-gathering tube (3). The center of the energy-gathering hole (6) is provided with a transmission hole (7) which is connected to the cavity of the energy-gathering tube (3). The rib plate (5) is a circular ring. The inner hole of the rib plate (5) is sleeved on the outer wall of the energy-gathering tube (3). The outer circumference of the circular ring of the rib plate (5) is tightly connected to the inner wall of the blasthole (2). The plurality of rib plates (5) are evenly distributed along the length direction of the energy-gathering tube (3).

2. The blasting device suitable for layered rock mass in mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy-gathering hole (6) is a V-shaped structure, the opening of the V-shaped structure is designed to be 30° to 120°, the bottom end of the V-shaped structure is provided with a transmission hole (7), a plurality of V-shaped energy-gathering holes (6) are continuously formed into a circular ring surrounding the circumference of the energy-gathering tube (3), and the circular ring formed by the plurality of energy-gathering holes (6) is evenly distributed along the length direction of the energy-gathering tube (3).

3. The blasting device suitable for layered rock mass in mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity of the energy-gathering tube (3) is filled with explosives and a detonator is placed therein. The center of the cover plate (4) is provided with a wire hole. The detonating wire of the detonator is pulled out through the wire hole of the cover plate (4) and connected to the detonating device. The upper part of the cover plate (4) is filled with a plugging material (8), and the plugging material (8) plugs the blast hole (2).

4. A blasting method using a blasting device suitable for layered rock mass in a mine, characterized in that: It proceeds in the following steps: The first step is to place the energy-gathering tube (3) in the blast hole (2), load the explosive into the energy-gathering tube (3), and when loading the explosive into the energy-gathering tube (3), load the detonator into the device together; The second step is to pass the detonating wire through the central hole of the cover plate (4) after the explosives and detonators are loaded; The third step is to place the cover plate (4) into the blast hole (2) and place it on the end of the energy-gathering tube (3); Step 4: Fill the plugging material (8) on the upper part of the cover plate (4) to complete the plugging of the blasthole (2); The fifth step is to detonate.

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