Sensitive area underwater blasting safety control method

Abstract

The invention relates to a safety control method for underwater blasting in a sensitive area. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring rock hardness data and a fracture development grade of a target area; acquiring underwater flow velocity data, and acquiring hole net parameters and explosive distribution positions in combination with the rock hardness data and the fracture development grade; vibration data and shock wave data in the blasting process are collected and processed, and the processed vibration data and shock wave data are obtained; according to the processed vibration data and shock wave data, the concentration degree of blasting energy release is judged through preset indexes, and the preset indexes are an energy concentration index and a crushing uniformity index; and if the concentration degree of blasting energy release is smaller than the preset value, the charging structure is adjusted, and blasting operation is executed. According to the method, the safety of underwater blasting in the sensitive area can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of blasting safety control, and particularly to a method for controlling the safety of underwater blasting in sensitive areas. Background Technique

[0002] The explosion of explosives is a fierce process with rapid energy release. Most of the energy during the explosion process will be released in the forms of heat energy, seismic waves, shock waves, etc. When conducting underwater blasting, due to the relatively large wave impedance of water-saturated rock, the tensile failure ability of shock waves on the rock mass in water is greatly reduced, and the attenuation of shock waves, stress waves, and seismic waves slows down, resulting in an increase in the blasting hazard effect. When the seismic waves generated by the explosion reach a certain intensity, it will cause various damage phenomena such as damage to surrounding buildings and slope sliding. Seriously, it may pose hazards and losses to the safety of people's lives and property. In particular, sensitive areas including multiple residential areas and multiple key cultural relic protection units have extremely high requirements for the safety of blasting construction and the control of environmental impacts.

[0003] At present, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted research on aspects such as sensitivity zoning of blasting impacts in complex environments, dynamic responses of blasting-impacted buildings and structures, blasting vibration safety control technologies, and blasting digital early warning technologies. For example, Lin Hao (2023) et al. relied on the Wuwu Tunnel project of the Hangzhou-Wenzhou High-Speed Railway, combined with the blasting vibration velocity zoning standard, divided the blasting excavation construction impact area and the longitudinal impact range of the existing tunnel for the super-large cross-section new tunnel, and determined the structural safety status based on the actual vibration velocity monitoring results of the existing tunnel on site. Yuan Zhu (2016) et al. divided the construction impact area of the adjacent tunnel with the settlement of the existing tunnel as an index for the project of a new railway tunnel passing under an existing highway tunnel. However, the current research focuses more on onshore blasting projects, and there is very little research on underwater blasting. The on-site monitoring data is limited, so the conclusions obtained have certain limitations, and the research objects mainly focus on the areas adjacent to existing highways, railways, tunnels, etc., lacking research on blasting sensitivity zoning in the complex urban environment. And traditional underwater blasting technologies often have difficulty in accurately controlling the blasting effect and may cause unpredictable impacts on the surrounding environment.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention provides a method for controlling the safety of underwater blasting in sensitive areas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling the safety of underwater blasting in sensitive areas, which can improve the safety of underwater blasting in sensitive areas.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] A method for controlling the safety of underwater blasting in sensitive areas, comprising:

[0008] Obtain the rock hardness data and fracture development level of the target area;

[0009] Obtain the underwater flow velocity data, and combine the rock hardness data and fracture development level to obtain the hole pattern parameters and explosive distribution positions;

[0010] Collect and process the vibration data and shock wave data during the blasting process to obtain the processed vibration data and shock wave data;

[0011] According to the processed vibration data and shock wave data, judge the concentration degree of blasting energy release with a preset index, where the preset index is the energy concentration index and the fragmentation uniformity index;

[0012] If the concentration degree of blasting energy release is less than the preset value, adjust the charge structure and perform the blasting operation.

[0013] Optionally, obtaining the fracture development level of the target area includes:

[0014] Collect the rock fracture rate and fracture porosity of the target area;

[0015] Combine the rock hardness data with the rock fracture rate and fracture porosity to obtain the fracture development level of the target area.

[0016] Optionally, obtaining the underwater flow velocity data and calculating the hole pattern parameters in combination with the rock hardness data and fracture development level includes:

[0017] Lay out a measuring point grid in the target area to monitor the underwater flow velocity data in real time;

[0018] According to the rock hardness data, fracture development level, underwater flow velocity data and cross-section geometric parameters, obtain the initial blasting hole pattern parameters and initial explosive distribution positions;

[0019] Use the numerical simulation method to obtain the blasting influence area of blasting the target area based on the initial blasting hole pattern parameters and initial explosive distribution positions;

[0020] If the blasting influence area is not within the preset range, optimize the initial blasting hole pattern parameters or initial explosive distribution positions until the blasting influence area reaches the preset range to obtain the hole pattern parameters.

[0021] Optionally, collecting and processing the vibration data and shock wave data during the blasting process includes:

[0022] Arrange a plurality of vibration sensors and pressure sensors in a ring within the preset range of the target area to collect the vibration data and shock wave data;

[0023] Perform three - layer decomposition on the vibration data and shock wave data through a fourth - order wavelet basis function to obtain low - frequency approximation coefficients and high - frequency detail coefficients;

[0024] Obtain the denoised vibration data and shock wave data through the approximation coefficients and high - frequency detail coefficients.

[0025] Optionally, judging the concentration degree of blasting energy release according to the processed vibration data and shock wave data includes:

[0026] Analyze the processed vibration data and shock wave data respectively to obtain the energy concentration index and the fragmentation uniformity index;

[0027] Input the energy concentration index and the fragmentation uniformity index into a multi - layer neural network structure to obtain an evaluation result;

[0028] Compare the evaluation result with a preset evaluation threshold to judge the concentration degree of blasting energy release.

[0029] Optionally, obtaining the energy concentration index includes: performing a frequency - domain transformation on the processed vibration data to obtain an energy distribution curve, obtaining the proportion of the main frequency band energy according to the energy distribution curve, and obtaining the energy concentration index according to the proportion of the main frequency band energy.

[0030] Optionally, obtaining the fragmentation uniformity index includes: calculating the coefficient of variation of the shock wave peak pressure according to the processed shock wave data, and obtaining the fragmentation uniformity index according to the coefficient of variation of the shock wave peak pressure.

[0031] Optionally, the hole - pattern parameters include the hole diameter, hole depth, hole spacing, and the number of holes.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The method of the present invention obtains the rock hardness and fracture development data of the target area through sensors, combines the underwater flow velocity information to obtain the initial hole - pattern parameters and the explosive distribution position. During the blasting process, the vibration and shock wave data are collected in real - time and filtered. A blasting effect evaluation model is used to judge the concentration degree of energy release. If the energy release is not concentrated, the present invention will adjust the charge structure and re - execute the blasting operation. This optimization method can effectively improve the safety of underwater blasting and provides an innovative solution for underwater engineering construction. Description of the Drawings

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a safety control method for underwater blasting in a sensitive area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a physical diagram of a sonic tester and an SHPB rock dynamic performance test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional numerical model for underwater blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0037] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] When performing underwater blasting operations in sensitive areas, designing reasonable hole pattern parameters is the key. Due to the complex and variable physical properties of underwater rocks and environmental conditions, the determination of hole pattern parameters needs to comprehensively consider factors such as the hardness of the rock, the degree of fracture development, and the underwater flow rate. If the hole pattern parameters are not designed properly, it may lead to poor blasting effects or cause accidents. During the drilling process, the positions and spacings of the blast holes must be strictly executed according to the design requirements. If the blast hole spacing is too large, an effective blasting network may not be formed; if the spacing is too small, it may cause excessive fragmentation or flying rock phenomena, threatening the safety of surrounding facilities.

[0040] The design of the charge structure also faces technical challenges. The degree of coupling between the charge and the blast hole wall (such as whether to fill with air or water) will affect the energy transfer efficiency. Uncoupled charging may lead to energy dispersion, while water medium coupled charging can improve energy utilization. Structures such as staged charging, continuous charging, or interval charging will affect the uniformity and concentration of energy release.

[0041] In the blasting monitoring and data analysis stage, it is necessary to collect data such as vibration and shock waves during the blasting process in real time, and adjust the blasting parameters in a timely manner according to the monitoring results.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, this embodiment provides a method for underwater blasting safety control in sensitive areas, including:

[0043] Obtain the rock hardness data and fracture development level of the target area;

[0044] Obtain the underwater flow velocity data, and combine the rock hardness data and fracture development level to obtain the hole pattern parameters and the explosive distribution positions;

[0045] Collect vibration data and shock wave data during the blasting process and process them to obtain the processed vibration data and shock wave data;

[0046] According to the processed vibration data and shock wave data, judge the concentration degree of the blasting energy release by preset indexes, where the preset indexes are the energy concentration index and the fragmentation uniformity index;

[0047] If the concentration degree of the blasting energy release is less than the preset value, adjust the charge structure and perform the blasting operation.

[0048] Furthermore, obtaining the fracture development level of the target area includes:

[0049] Collect the rock fracture rate and fracture porosity of the target area;

[0050] Combine the rock hardness data with the rock fracture rate and fracture porosity to obtain the fracture development level of the target area.

[0051] Specifically, the collection of rock hardness data usually uses sensing devices such as Schmidt rebound hammers or point load testers. The fracture rate includes the linear fracture rate, the surface fracture rate and the volume fracture rate. The linear fracture rate is the sum of the fracture widths per unit length, the surface fracture rate is the fracture area per unit area, and the volume fracture rate is the fracture volume per unit volume. Fracture porosity: The fracture porosity is the ratio of the fracture volume to the total volume of the rock, reflecting the degree of fracture development.

[0052] Furthermore, obtaining the underwater flow velocity data and combining the rock hardness data and fracture development level to calculate the hole pattern parameters includes:

[0053] Layout a measuring point grid in the target area to monitor the underwater flow velocity data in real time;

[0054] According to the rock hardness data, fracture development level, underwater flow velocity data and cross-section geometric parameters, obtain the initial blasting hole pattern parameters and the initial explosive distribution positions;

[0055] Using numerical simulation methods, obtain the blasting influence area of blasting the target area based on the initial blast hole pattern parameters and the initial explosive distribution positions.

[0056] If the blasting influence area is not within the preset range, optimize the initial blast hole pattern parameters or the initial explosive distribution positions until the blasting influence area reaches the preset range, and obtain the hole pattern parameters.

[0057] Specifically, for the acquisition of underwater flow velocity data, in this embodiment, an acoustic Doppler current profiler is used to lay out a measuring point grid in the target area to monitor the change of water flow velocity in real time. The spacing between measuring points is generally ten meters, and stratified sampling is carried out according to depth. For example, one sampling point is set at the surface layer, the middle layer, and the bottom layer respectively to obtain the three-dimensional flow velocity distribution.

[0058] The hole pattern parameters include blast hole diameter, blast hole depth, blast hole spacing, and the number of blast holes. Among them, the blast hole diameter is mainly determined by the rock drilling equipment. At present, most of the heading in the drift uses hand-held rock drills and leg rock drills, and there are mainly two types of hole diameters. The common type is 40 - 42 mm, and the small diameter type is 34 - 35 mm. The blast hole depth can be preliminarily calculated according to the requirements of the blasting construction task or the time used to complete one tunneling cycle. Based on the current common rock drill conditions, if a small diameter hole is selected, a shallower blast hole depth is appropriate. The number of blast holes is related to factors such as hardness data, fracture development grade, blast hole diameter, and cross-sectional geometric parameters. The blast hole spacing is related to the water flow velocity. When the water flow velocity is large, the blasting shock wave will propagate farther along the water flow direction. For example, in the area where the surface flow velocity is 0.8 m / s, the blasting influence range may increase by 20% compared with the static water condition, and the hole pattern spacing needs to be increased. The initial explosive distribution position is related to the rock hardness data, fracture development grade, and underwater flow velocity data, and is set according to experience.

[0059] Drill geotechnical samples in different sections of the on-site underwater blasting, and use acoustic wave testing technology and Hopkinson bar test to carry out the dynamic performance analysis of the geotechnical body in the blasting area as Figure 2 shown, to provide key parameters for the theoretical analysis of the propagation of explosive stress waves and the numerical simulation material model. Use the LS-DYNA general dynamic nonlinear finite element program to construct a generalized three-dimensional model of the on-site underwater blasting as Figure 3 shown, to restore the actual blast hole pattern parameters and the explosive position distribution.

[0060] In the area where the surface flow velocity is 0.8 m / s, the blasting influence range may increase by 20% compared to the still water condition, and the hole pattern parameters need to be adjusted accordingly. Usually, the influence range is controlled by increasing the hole pattern spacing or adjusting the explosive distribution position. The final blasting design plan needs to ensure the balance between safety and effect. In practical applications, the initiation time interval between adjacent blast holes is usually set at about 25 milliseconds. Such a time difference can not only ensure the effective superposition of blasting energy but also avoid energy loss caused by water flow disturbance. The initiation sequence generally adopts the direction from downstream to upstream to reduce the adverse influence of water flow on the blasting effect. The explosive distribution model needs to consider the influence of water depth pressure on the charge density. In an environment where the water depth exceeds 15 meters, the explosive density will increase with the increase of water pressure, so the charge amount in the deep water area needs to be appropriately reduced. For example, at a water depth of 20 meters, the charge density is about 15% lower than that in the surface area. At the same time, the initiation delay at different water depth positions also needs to be adjusted accordingly, and the delay in the deep water area is increased by 5 to 10 milliseconds accordingly.

[0061] Furthermore, collecting and processing vibration data and shock wave data during the blasting process includes:

[0062] Arranging a plurality of vibration sensors and pressure sensors in a ring within a preset range of the target area to collect vibration data and shock wave data;

[0063] Performing three-layer decomposition on the vibration data and shock wave data through a fourth-order wavelet basis function to obtain low-frequency approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients;

[0064] Obtaining the denoised vibration data and shock wave data through the approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients.

[0065] Specifically, in underwater blasting vibration monitoring, the position and quantity of sensor layout directly affect the data collection quality. A plurality of vibration sensors can be arranged in a ring around the blasting area, with a spacing of about 10 meters between each sensor, forming a monitoring network. For example, in a blasting area with a water depth of 30 meters, arranging eight vibration sensors and four pressure sensors can effectively capture vibration waves and shock waves. The original monitoring data often contains environmental noise, such as interference signals like water flow disturbance and equipment vibration. Wavelet transform filtering can effectively remove high-frequency noise and retain the characteristics of blasting signals. For example, for a vibration signal with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, selecting a fourth-order wavelet basis function for three-layer decomposition can significantly improve the signal quality.

[0066] Furthermore, based on the processed vibration data and shock wave data, judging the concentration degree of blasting energy release with preset indicators includes:

[0067] Analyzing the processed vibration data and shock wave data respectively to obtain the energy concentration index and the fragmentation uniformity index;

[0068] Input the energy concentration index and the fragmentation uniformity index into a multi-layer neural network structure to obtain an evaluation result;

[0069] Compare the evaluation result with a preset evaluation threshold to judge the concentration degree of the blasting energy release.

[0070] Specifically, the multi-layer neural network structure is established based on a large amount of historical data. The input layer includes characteristic quantities such as energy concentration and fragmentation uniformity, and the output layer gives the evaluation result. In the model training stage, the network parameters are continuously optimized through the actual blasting effect data. In this embodiment, the evaluation threshold is set such that the energy concentration is not less than 80%, and the deviation of the fragmentation uniformity does not exceed 15%. When the energy concentration is insufficient, the energy release characteristics can be improved by increasing the sectional charge.

[0071] Furthermore, obtaining the energy concentration index includes: performing a frequency domain transformation on the processed vibration data to obtain an energy distribution curve, obtaining the proportion of the main frequency band energy according to the energy distribution curve, and obtaining the energy concentration index according to the proportion of the main frequency band energy.

[0072] Furthermore, obtaining the fragmentation uniformity index includes: calculating the coefficient of variation of the peak pressure of the shock wave according to the processed shock wave data, and obtaining the fragmentation uniformity index according to the coefficient of variation of the peak pressure of the shock wave.

[0073] Specifically, the filtered vibration data shows that the proportion of the main frequency band energy is 65%, which is lower than the preset threshold, indicating that the blasting energy is dispersed. At the same time, the coefficient of variation of the shock wave pressure reaches 0.35, exceeding the preset threshold of 0.25, reflecting uneven fragmentation.

[0074] This embodiment also introduces the YT-BP-01 blasting vibration automatic monitor, and constructs an automatic digital monitoring platform for blasting environment disturbance by integrating Internet of Things and cloud platform technologies. The monitoring report should include complete data analysis results. Taking a certain project as an example, the report details the vibration time history curves, spectrum analysis results, peak value statistics, etc. of eight measuring points, and analyzes the reasons for the exceeding standard and gives improvement suggestions. Through systematic monitoring and analysis, both the blasting effect and the construction safety are ensured. Such a monitoring system can timely discover potential risks and provide a basis for optimizing blasting parameters.

[0075] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety control method for underwater blasting in sensitive areas, characterized in that, Including: Obtaining the rock hardness data and fracture development level of the target area; Obtaining the underwater flow velocity data, and combining the rock hardness data and fracture development level to obtain the hole pattern parameters and explosive distribution positions; Collecting and processing the vibration data and shock wave data during the blasting process to obtain the processed vibration data and shock wave data; Judging the concentration degree of blasting energy release according to the processed vibration data and shock wave data by using preset indexes, wherein the preset indexes are energy concentration index and fragmentation uniformity index; If the concentration degree of blasting energy release is less than the preset value, adjust the charge structure and perform the blasting operation.

2. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 1, characterized in that Obtaining the fracture development level of the target area includes: Collecting the rock fracture rate and fracture porosity of the target area; Combining the rock hardness data with the rock fracture rate and fracture porosity to obtain the fracture development level of the target area.

3. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Obtaining the underwater flow velocity data and combining the rock hardness data and fracture development level to calculate the hole pattern parameters includes: Laying out a measuring point grid in the target area to monitor the underwater flow velocity data in real time; According to the rock hardness data, fracture development level, underwater flow velocity data and cross-section geometric parameters, obtaining the initial blasting hole pattern parameters and initial explosive distribution positions; Using the numerical simulation method to obtain the blasting influence area of blasting the target area based on the initial blasting hole pattern parameters and initial explosive distribution positions; If the blasting influence area is not within the preset range, optimize the initial blasting hole pattern parameters or initial explosive distribution positions until the blasting influence area reaches the preset range to obtain the hole pattern parameters.

4. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Collecting and processing the vibration data and shock wave data during the blasting process includes: Circularly arranging a plurality of vibration sensors and pressure sensors within the preset range of the target area to collect the vibration data and shock wave data; Performing three-layer decomposition on the vibration data and shock wave data through a fourth-order wavelet basis function to obtain low-frequency approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients; Obtaining the denoised vibration data and shock wave data through the approximation coefficients and high-frequency detail coefficients.

5. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 1, characterized in that, Judging the concentration degree of blasting energy release according to the processed vibration data and shock wave data by using preset indexes includes: Analyzing the processed vibration data and shock wave data respectively to obtain the energy concentration index and fragmentation uniformity index; Inputting the energy concentration index and fragmentation uniformity index into a multi-layer neural network structure to obtain an evaluation result; Comparing the evaluation result with a preset evaluation threshold to judge the concentration degree of blasting energy release.

6. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 5, wherein, Obtaining the energy concentration index includes: performing a frequency domain transformation on the processed vibration data to obtain an energy distribution curve, obtaining the proportion of main frequency band energy according to the energy distribution curve, and obtaining the energy concentration index according to the proportion of main frequency band energy.

7. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 5, characterized in that, Obtaining the fragmentation uniformity index includes: calculating the coefficient of variation of the shock wave peak pressure according to the processed shock wave data, and obtaining the fragmentation uniformity index according to the coefficient of variation of the shock wave peak pressure.

8. The underwater blasting safety control method for sensitive areas according to claim 1, wherein The hole network parameters include the hole diameter, hole depth, hole spacing, and the number of holes.

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