Measurement method for flow channel layer template construction lofting

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring method for flow channel layer template construction lofting, which can accurately position each template unit in the installation of a flow channel layer template to provide an effective basis for the installation of the flow channel layer template, and can perform re-check detection on the assembled flow channel layer template through a simplified measuring means to ensure the installation quality of the flow channel layer template. The measurement method comprises the following steps: decomposing, virtually assembling and encoding a runner layer template; projecting the runner layer template from a three-dimensional plane to a two-dimensional plane to obtain a cross-section diagram of the runner layer template; selecting a lofting reference point, and determining a lofting point; calculating the coordinates of each lofting point in a coordinate system according to the determined relational data of the lofting points, the runner center line and the designed elevation line, mapping the lofting points in each template cross-section diagram to a corresponding construction plane on the construction site, and marking the elevation data of each lofting point to obtain a ground control line of the runner layer template.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and particularly to a measurement method for construction lofting of a runner layer formwork. Background Art

[0002] The runner is an important part of the water inlet and outlet system of hydraulic structures. It provides a good water flow state for hydraulic structures and plays an important role in giving full play to efficiency and hydraulic performance. The construction quality of the runner layer formwork is directly related to the construction quality of the runner. The construction of the runner layer formwork mainly faces problems such as manufacturing and installation accuracy. The manufacturing and installation of traditional runner layer formworks mainly rely on the experience of construction workers. The construction workers continuously adjust the installation position during installation. This method is greatly affected by human factors, and there are large errors in the formwork installation accuracy, resulting in water flow problems in the pump station. Moreover, due to the complex and variable structure of the runner, which is usually a non-standard geometric shape, it is difficult to determine the installation position of the complex runner layer formwork through experience during the on-site construction stage. After the runner layer formwork is assembled, there are errors such as dimensional deviation and flatness deviation. It is necessary to discover and adjust through measurement. However, the assembled runner layer formwork is a large-size structure, and it is difficult to conduct a review and inspection on the runner layer formwork. There are challenges in the on-site measurement of the runner layer formwork. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One of the purposes of the present invention is at least to provide a measurement method for construction lofting of a runner layer formwork to overcome the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. It can accurately loft the installation positions of each formwork unit before the installation of the formwork unit, accurately position each formwork unit during the installation of the formwork unit, provide an effective basis for the installation of the runner layer formwork, simplify the measurement means, and can also conduct a review and inspection on the assembled runner layer formwork to ensure the installation quality of the runner layer formwork.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention include the following aspects.

[0005] A measurement method for construction lofting of a runner layer formwork includes: Step S1: In 3D modeling software, decompose and virtually assemble the runner layer formwork, and assign a unique code to each decomposed formwork unit; Step S2: Project the assembled runner layer formwork from three dimensions to a two-dimensional plane to obtain a series of cross-sectional views of the runner layer formwork; Step S3: Select lofting reference points and determine the lofting points in each cross-sectional view of the runner layer formwork; Step S4: Calculate the coordinates of each lofting point according to the relationship data of the lofting points, the runner center line, and the design elevation line determined in each cross-sectional view of the formwork; Step S5: at the construction site, map the layout points in each template cross-section drawing to the corresponding construction plane, and mark the elevation data of each layout point to obtain the ground control line of the runner layer template.

[0006] Preferably, the process of disassembling and assembling the flow channel layer template includes: dividing the flow channel layer template into template strips of preset width according to the water flow direction, and cutting the template strips into template units with arc length not exceeding preset length using a cross section perpendicular to the section.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the series of cross-sectional views of the flow channel layer template include cross-sectional views that gradually change from a circle to a rectangle.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the stakeout points are determined by using a chord length equal segmentation method or a geometric feature point method.

[0009] Preferably, the process of determining the lofting points using the geometric feature point method includes: clarifying the geometric feature points of each template unit in each flow channel layer template cross-section diagram; using multiple geometric feature points at the joints of each template unit as lofting points; and naming the lofting points of each template unit with the code of the template unit.

[0010] Preferably, in step S5, in the process of mapping the layout points in each template cross-section diagram to the corresponding construction plane at the construction site, a total station and a prism are combined to map the layout points with the layout reference point as the total station setting point.

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, during the lofting process, the coordinates and elevation of the first template unit joint on the left side of the flow channel centerline are first measured, and then the coordinates and elevation of the first template unit joint on the right side of the flow channel centerline are measured, and the coordinates and elevation of the remaining template unit joints are measured in batches from low to high, and then the distance and azimuth are back-calculated, and the back-calculation results are used as the basis for checking whether the relative positions of each template unit are correct.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, during the lofting process, the lofting is performed sequentially along the centerline direction of the flow channel, and the lofting results are verified according to relevant data and actual on-site conditions. When the verification results do not meet the requirements, the positions of the lofting points are remeasured, and it is checked whether the prism position is shifted. If the prism position is shifted, the prism position is adjusted, and the lofting and verification are repeated until the lofting results meet the requirements.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the lofting reference points are selected according to the following principles: select a location that can comprehensively observe the entire arc-shaped template area as the lofting reference point. If it is impossible to achieve comprehensive observation of the entire arc-shaped template area through a single lofting reference point, minimize the number of changes to the lofting reference point; on the basis of meeting the foregoing requirements, set the lofting reference point at the intersection of the axes.

[0014] Preferably, after measuring the ground control line of the runner layer template, install the template unit groups of each section along the ground control line in sequence. After installing each group of template unit groups, measure the lofting points in the same manner as in the lofting process. During the installation of each group of template unit groups, before and after installing each template unit, measure the lofting points in the same manner as in the lofting process.

[0015] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: By dividing the overall structural model of the runner layer template into multiple groups of template units and uniquely coding them, projecting the runner layer model from three dimensions to two dimensions along the runner center line to obtain a series of cross-sectional views of the runner layer template, determining the lofting points of each template unit in each template cross-sectional view, and accurately projecting the coordinates of each template unit on the two-dimensional plane to the existing construction surface using a total station and a prism, it not only endows the construction personnel with the ability to accurately position and assemble the runner layer template, but also simplifies the measurement means, reduces the calculation amount, and reduces the lofting measurement difficulty of the runner layer template at the construction site. After the runner layer template is assembled, it can also conduct a review and inspection of the assembled runner layer template to ensure the construction quality of the runner layer template and the runner.

[0016] By selecting multiple geometric feature points at the joint parts of each template unit as lofting points, it reduces the intermediate measurement links, reduces the measurement calculation amount, improves the measurement accuracy, and saves construction time for the installation of the template unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the measurement method for construction lofting of the runner layer template according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 is an elevation view of the assembly of the runner layer template according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 is a first side view of the assembly of the runner layer template according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 is a second side view of the assembly of the runner layer template according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the chord length equal-segment division method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the naming of lofting points of each template unit in the cross-section of the runner layer template according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so as to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] Referring to Figure 1 , the measuring method for the construction lofting of the runner layer template according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: Step S1: In 3D modeling software, decompose and virtually assemble the runner layer template according to the structural shape of the runner, and assign a unique code to each decomposed template unit; Step S2: Project the assembled runner layer template from three dimensions to a two-dimensional plane to obtain a series of cross-sectional diagrams of the runner layer template; Step S3: Select lofting reference points and determine the lofting points in each cross-sectional diagram of the runner layer template; Step S4: Calculate the coordinates of each lofting point according to the relationship data of the lofting points, the runner center line and the design elevation line determined in each cross-sectional diagram of the template; Step S5: Map the lofting points in each cross-sectional diagram of the template to the corresponding construction plane at the construction site respectively, and mark the elevation data of each lofting point to obtain the ground control line of the runner layer template.

[0025] By adopting the foregoing measuring method, by converting the three-dimensional space information of the runner layer template into a two-dimensional plane, the runner layer template is divided into template units, and in combination with the total station technology, the projected coordinates of each template unit on the two-dimensional plane are accurately projected onto the corresponding construction surface, which not only endows the construction personnel with the ability to accurately position and assemble the runner layer template, but also simplifies the measuring means, reduces the calculation amount, reduces the difficulty of the lofting measurement of the runner layer template at the construction site. After the runner layer template is assembled, it is also possible to perform a review and inspection on the assembled runner layer template to ensure the construction quality of the runner layer template and the runner.

[0026] The runner structure of the power house involves a complex special-shaped structure from square to circular and circular back to square. Taking the runner layer template structure gradually changing from circular to square as an example, the measuring method for the construction lofting of the runner layer template of the present invention will be described in detail. Exemplarily, the runner layer template structure gradually changes from a circular structure with a diameter of 7904 m to a rectangular structure with a width of 10712 m and a height of 9116 m. The runner layer template adopts steel formwork, and the steel formwork is composed of a panel and a framework component.

[0027] In step S1, to ensure compatibility with the modulus of general steel formwork, a reference dimension (such as 1500 mm) is set to construct formwork units, so as to reduce the difficulty of overall installation and disassembly of the runner layer formwork and ensure the overall stability of the runner layer formwork. According to the actual situation, the size of the formwork units can float around the reference dimension. The process of decomposing and assembling the runner layer formwork includes: along the water flow direction, the runner layer formwork is divided into formwork strips with a preset width (such as 750 mm), and using a cross-section perpendicular to the cut surface, the formwork strips are cut into formwork units with an arc length not exceeding a preset length (such as 1500 mm). The decomposition, virtual assembly and coding of the runner layer formwork are as Figure 2 shown. Along the length direction of the runner layer formwork, multiple groups of formwork units are divided. The multiple groups of formwork units are sequentially numbered in alphabetical order. Each group of formwork units is coded from low to high as 1 to n, where n represents the number of formwork units on one side of the axis of the runner layer formwork; correspondingly, Figure 2 the formwork unit numbers in

[0028] are: A1~A8, B1~B8, C1~C8, D1~D8, E1~E8, F1~F8, G1~G8, H1~H8, I1~I8, J1~J8.

[0028] In step S2, during the projection of the runner layer formwork, the runner layer formwork is projected along the axis direction (the formwork axis is also the runner center line), and a series of cross-sectional views of the runner layer formwork that gradually change from a circular structure to a rectangular structure are obtained. This series of cross-sectional views of the runner layer formwork details the gradual change of the shape of the runner layer formwork from circular to rectangular (refer to Figures 2 to 4 ). Each cross-section accurately reflects the key geometric features in this gradual change process. Before projection, it is judged whether the origin of the original coordinate system is on the axis of the runner layer formwork. If the origin is not on the axis of the runner layer formwork, a new space rectangular coordinate system is established, and a position related to the arc structure of the runner layer formwork is selected as the origin, and the origin is made to intersect with the axis of the runner layer formwork as much as possible to reduce the later calculation amount; based on the above principle, when establishing the space rectangular coordinate system, the origin is made to be on the axis of the runner layer formwork, the axis direction of the runner layer formwork is taken as the Z-axis direction, and the two mutually perpendicular radius directions at one end of the circular arc part of the runner layer formwork are respectively taken as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. During the projection process, the runner layer formwork is projected along the axis direction onto the plane determined by the X-axis and the Y-axis, so as to obtain a series of cross-sectional views of the runner layer formwork that gradually change from a circular structure to a rectangular structure.

[0029] In step S3, when importing the runner layer template model into CAD and selecting the lofting reference points, the following principles are followed: Select a location that can comprehensively observe the entire arc-shaped template area as the lofting reference point. If it is impossible to achieve comprehensive observation of the entire arc-shaped template area through a single lofting reference point, minimize the number of changes to the lofting reference point. On the basis of meeting the above requirements, set the lofting reference points on the axis to reduce the computational complexity and the workload of the line setting operation. Since the cross-section of the runner layer template gradually changes from circular to square, in order to accurately determine the positions of each template unit group and each special-shaped template unit, lofting points need to be determined. The lofting points can be determined by methods such as equal-segment division of the chord length or geometric feature point method.

[0030] The process of determining the lofting points by the equal-segment division of the chord length method includes: In the cross-sectional view of the runner layer template with an arc-shaped structure, divide the arc-shaped structure into equal segments according to the chord length. To ensure the smoothness of the line setting of the arc-shaped structure, when dividing the arc-shaped structure into multiple segments of chord length, the chord height of the divided arc is not greater than 2 cm; Refer to Figure 5 , given the arc radius R and the chord height H, according to and , the chord length corresponding to this section of the arc can be obtained. After determining the chord length, successively determine the intersection coordinates of each chord length and the arc-shaped structure. The intersection coordinates are the lofting point coordinates.

[0031] The process of determining the lofting points by the geometric feature point method includes: In each cross-sectional view of the runner layer template, clarify the geometric feature points of each template unit. The geometric feature points characterize the shape change of the template unit, which can be the endpoints of the template unit or other points; Use multiple geometric feature points at the joint parts of each template unit as the lofting points. In this embodiment, it is preferably to select two or more geometric feature points at the joint parts of each template unit (in the same cross-sectional view of the runner layer template, the connection part with the adjacent template unit and / or in the cross-sectional views of adjacent runner layer templates, the connection part of adjacent template units) as the lofting points; After the lofting points are selected, name the lofting points of each template unit with the code of each template unit, such as left B1, right B1, left B2, right B2, etc. (refer to Figure 6 ), and then calculate the coordinates of each lofting point in the corresponding template cross-sectional view and the coordinates in the space rectangular coordinate system, and clarify the positional relationship between each lofting point.

[0032] Since the overall structure of the runner layer formwork is a gradually changing structure, along the center line direction of the runner, the radius R of the runner layer formwork gradually increases. Considering the comprehensive calculation amount and accuracy, in this embodiment, the geometric feature point method is preferably used to determine the lofting points. In actual lofting, taking the lofting points selected by the geometric feature point method as the lofting points at the construction site is beneficial for construction workers to position each formwork unit. Since the lofting point position is the joint position of the formwork unit, in the actual installation of the formwork unit, the joints of each formwork unit can be directly arranged according to the lofting point position, reducing the installation difficulty of the formwork unit and improving the installation efficiency; moreover, taking the lofting point position as the joint position of the formwork unit reduces the intermediate measurement link, reduces the measurement calculation amount, improves the measurement accuracy, and saves construction time for the installation of the formwork unit.

[0033] In step S5, during the process of mapping the lofting points in each formwork cross-sectional view to the corresponding construction plane at the construction site, a combination of a total station and a prism is used. Taking the lofting reference point as the installation point of the total station, the mapping of the lofting points is carried out; during the lofting process, the prism can be stably fixed at the target position through a prism support or other fixing devices, and its position relative to the total station can be kept stable, which can reduce the influence of the external environment on the measurement result, can achieve high-precision positioning in long-distance measurement and complex-scene measurement, and improve the lofting speed.

[0034] During the actual lofting process, the lofting points in each formwork cross-sectional view are successively lofted along the center line direction of the runner (from circular to rectangular), and the positions of the lofting points are marked. The lofting results are verified according to relevant materials and the actual situation on site. When the verification results do not meet the requirements, the positions of the lofting points are re-measured, and it is checked whether the position of the prism is displaced. If the position of the prism is displaced, after adjusting the position of the prism, the lofting and verification are repeated until the lofting results meet the requirements. When verifying the lofting results, the lofting results can be compared with the corresponding lofting point positions in the runner cross-sectional view to obtain the lofting error. When the lofting error is within the preset error range, the lofting results meet the requirements.

[0035] During the lofting process of the template unit group corresponding to a certain template cross-section diagram, first measure the lofting point coordinates and elevation of the joint part of the first template unit on the left side of the runner center line, then measure the lofting point coordinates and elevation of the joint part of the first template unit on the right side of the runner center line. From low to high, use the same method as described above to measure the lofting point coordinates and elevation of the remaining template unit joint parts. After obtaining the coordinates and elevation data of all lofting points in the same template cross-section diagram in batches, perform the inverse calculation of the distance and azimuth of each lofting point. Use the inverse calculation results as the basis for checking whether the relative positions of each template unit are correct. During the check, compare the inverse calculation results with the designed distance and azimuth of the corresponding lofting points in the template cross-section diagram. If the comparison results meet the requirements, the template units on both sides of the runner center line are installed on the same cross-section. If the comparison results do not meet the requirements, the relative positions of each template unit are incorrect. After checking and adjusting the prism position, repeat the measurement of the coordinates and elevation of each lofting point and the inverse calculation of the distance and azimuth in the same way as described above until the relative positions of each template unit are correct, so as to ensure that the template units on both sides of the runner center line are installed on the same cross-section (a plane perpendicular to the runner center line).

[0036] Take Figure 6 the template cross-section diagram shown as an example. During the lofting process, first measure the coordinates and elevation of lofting point left B1, then measure the coordinates and elevation of lofting point right B1. Measure in batches from low to high until the coordinates and elevation of lofting point left B8 and the coordinates and elevation of lofting point right B8 are measured (lofting point left B8 and lofting point right B8 respectively represent the lofting points on both sides of the same template unit). After that, perform the inverse calculation of the distance and azimuth of each lofting point, and compare the inverse calculation results with the designed distance and azimuth in the template cross-section diagram. If the comparison results meet the requirements, the template units on both sides of the runner center line are installed on the same cross-section.

[0037] After obtaining the ground control line of the runner layer template by using the method described above, the template unit group of each cross-section can be installed in sequence along the ground control line. After each group of template unit groups is installed, perform the review measurement of the lofting points in the same way as in the previous lofting process to ensure the installation quality of each group of runner layer templates; during the installation process of each group of template unit groups, before and after each template unit is installed, measure the lofting points in the same way as in the previous lofting process to confirm whether the installation position of each template unit is correct. When the installation position is incorrect, after adjusting the position of the template unit, repeat the measurement of the lofting points until the installation position of the template unit meets the requirements.

[0038] As described above, it is only a detailed description of the specific implementation manner of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention. Various substitutions, modifications, and improvements made by those skilled in the relevant technical fields without departing from the principles and scope of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A measurement method for runner layer template construction and layout, characterized in that: include: Step S1, in 3D modeling software, decompose and virtually assemble the flow channel layer template, and uniquely encode each decomposed template unit; Step S2, projecting the assembled flow channel layer template from three dimensions to a two-dimensional plane to obtain a series of cross-sectional views of the flow channel layer template; Step S3, selecting a lofting reference point, and determining the lofting point in each template cross-section diagram of the runner layer template; Step S4, calculating the coordinates of each lofting point in the coordinate system according to the determined relationship data between the lofting point, the flow channel centerline and the design elevation line in each template cross-section diagram; Step S5: at the construction site, map the layout points in each template cross-section drawing to the corresponding construction plane, and mark the elevation data of each layout point to obtain the ground control line of the runner layer template.

2. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of disassembling and assembling the flow channel layer template includes: dividing the flow channel layer template into template strips of preset width according to the water flow direction, and cutting the template strips into template units with arc lengths not exceeding preset lengths using a cross section perpendicular to the section.

3. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the series of cross-sectional views of the flow channel layer template include cross-sectional views that gradually change from a circle to a rectangle.

4. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the chord length equal segmentation method or the geometric feature point method is used to determine the layout points.

5. The measuring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of determining the layout points using the geometric feature point method includes: clarifying the geometric feature points of each template unit in the cross-sectional view of each flow channel layer template; using multiple geometric feature points at the joints of each template unit as layout points; and naming the layout points of each template unit with the code of the template unit.

6. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, in the process of mapping the layout points in each template cross-section diagram to the corresponding construction plane at the construction site, a total station and a prism are combined to map the layout points with the layout reference point as the total station setting point.

7. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, during the layout process, the coordinates and elevation of the first template unit joint on the left side of the flow channel centerline are first measured, and then the coordinates and elevation of the first template unit joint on the right side of the flow channel centerline are measured. The coordinates and elevations of the remaining template unit joints are measured in batches from low to high, and then the distance and azimuth are back-calculated, and the back-calculation results are used as the basis for checking whether the relative positions of each template unit are correct.

8. The measuring method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, during the layout process, the layout is sequentially laid out along the centerline direction of the flow channel, and the layout results are verified according to relevant data and actual on-site conditions. When the verification results do not meet the requirements, the layout point positions are re-measured, and it is checked whether the prism position is shifted. If the prism position is shifted, the prism position is adjusted, and the layout and verification are repeated until the layout results meet the requirements.

9. The measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the selection of the layout reference point is carried out according to the following principles: select a location where the entire arc template area can be fully observed as the layout reference point. If it is not possible to fully observe the entire arc template area through one layout reference point, minimize the number of changes in the layout reference point; on the basis of meeting the above requirements, set the layout reference point at the intersection of the axes.

10. The measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: After measuring the ground control line of the runner layer template, the template unit group of each section is installed along the ground control line in sequence. After each set of template unit groups is installed, the layout points are measured in the same way as the layout process. During the installation of each set of template unit groups, the layout points are measured before and after the installation of each template unit, in the same way as the layout process.

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