Simulation device and method for tunnel cross-fault coupling and observable displacement mode

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel model tests, and discloses a simulation device and method for tunnel cross-fault coupling and an observable displacement mode. The pair of box bodies is detachably connected to the vibration table, one box body is used for in-plane vibration, and the other box body is used for in-plane vibration and dislocation. The follow-up shelf structure comprises a supporting frame and a plurality of sliding frames detachably connected to the supporting frame, shelf bodies with test spaces are detachably arranged in the sliding frames in a sliding fit mode, every two adjacent shelf bodies are detachably connected, and the two shelf bodies located at the two ends are detachably connected with the pair of box bodies respectively; the tunnel lining model is used for being arranged in the pair of box bodies and the multiple layer frames. According to the fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system, the laser displacement meter and the tilt angle sensor are adopted to collect test data between the multiple sliding frames and the multiple layer frames, the capability of simulating the real engineering geological condition can be remarkably improved, and the test accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel model tests, and particularly to a simulation device and method for tunnel crossing fault coupling and observable displacement mode. Background Technique

[0002] In seismically active areas, tunnels crossing faults may face the situation of being affected by fault displacement and wave action during earthquakes, which may bring seismic damage to the tunnel structure. As an important parameter describing the movement and final displacement state of a fault under earthquake action, the displacement mode of the fault zone not only reflects the characteristics of fault activity, but also directly shows the relative movement and deformation of the strata on both sides of the fault. For a tunnel crossing an active fault, the displacement mode of the fault zone determines the main factors of the stress state borne by the tunnel lining, thus affecting the failure mode and overall stability of the tunnel.

[0003] Physical model test is an important research method that can more intuitively reveal these complex physical mechanisms and verify the accuracy of numerical simulation. However, due to the difficulties in design and production, there is currently a lack of model test devices that can truly reproduce the strong earthquake-displacement coupling effect under non-uniform seismic excitation, especially the shaking table-related test devices, which become the limitations of current research. In order to deeply study this key issue and fill the gap in the research of the fault zone displacement mode, there is an urgent need for a simulation device and method for tunnel crossing fault coupling and observable displacement mode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simulation device and method for tunnel crossing fault coupling and observable displacement mode, aiming to solve or improve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a simulation device for tunnel crossing fault coupling and observable displacement mode, including:

[0006] A shaking table;

[0007] A pair of boxes, detachably connected to the shaking table, one of the boxes is used for in-plane vibration, and the other box is used for in-plane vibration and dislocation;

[0008] A follower layer frame structure, including a support frame detachably connected to the shaking table and a plurality of sliding frames detachably connected to the support frame. The plurality of sliding frames are located between the pair of boxes. A layer frame with a test space is detachably slidably fitted in the sliding frame. Adjacent two layer frames are detachably connected to each other, and the two layer frames at both ends are respectively detachably connected to the pair of boxes;

[0009] A tunnel lining model, which is used to be arranged in a pair of the boxes and a plurality of the racks;

[0010] A fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system, which is used to collect test data between a plurality of the sliding frames and a plurality of the racks.

[0011] Optionally, the sliding frame includes a top beam, a bottom beam and a pair of side beams that form a rectangle, and sliding channels for slidingly cooperating with the racks are respectively arranged on the top beam and the bottom beam.

[0012] Optionally, a plurality of pulleys for slidingly cooperating with the sliding channels are arranged on the racks.

[0013] Optionally, a plurality of buckles are arranged on the racks, and two adjacent racks are detachably connected through the buckles.

[0014] Optionally, a plurality of rollers are arranged on the racks.

[0015] Optionally, the rack includes a U-shaped frame and cross braces detachably connected between two side walls of the U-shaped frame.

[0016] Optionally, a plurality of first extension plates are arranged on the box, and the first extension plates are used to be detachably connected with the buckles.

[0017] Optionally, the shaking table includes a pair of bases, the bases are detachably connected with the support frame, a plurality of actuator reaction frames are arranged on the bases, horizontal actuators are arranged on the actuator reaction frames, the horizontal actuators are hinged with a rigid tabletop through a horizontal hinge seat, the rigid tabletop is detachably connected with the box, and a connecting rod is hinged between the rigid tabletop and the bases through a pair of vertical hinge seats.

[0018] Optionally, the fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system includes a plurality of laser displacement meters and a plurality of inclination sensors, the laser displacement meters are used to be detachably connected to the side walls of the sliding frames, and the inclination sensors are used to be detachably connected to the side walls of the racks.

[0019] The present invention also provides a simulation method for tunnel passing through a fault coupling and observable displacement mode, including the following steps:

[0020] Assemble the test device;

[0021] Adjust the connection states between a plurality of the racks;

[0022] Input seismic wave excitation to the shaking table, and collect test data by the fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] 1. By arranging a plurality of sliding racks with shelves between a pair of boxes, and precisely increasing or decreasing the number of shelves, fine control of the width of the fracture zone can be achieved, thereby simulating the complex characteristics of faults under different geological conditions. Moreover, the sliding racks and the shelves are in a sliding fit, thus more realistically simulating the dynamic behavior of fault dislocation, significantly enhancing the authenticity and accuracy of the test, and providing strong support for research in the field of earthquake engineering.

[0025] 2. By setting the structures such as the shaking table, the follower shelf structure, the boxes, the support frames, the sliding racks and the shelves as a detachable assembly relationship, the test device can be disassembled, assembled and configured quickly and accurately according to specific requirements, greatly improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment. At the same time, the modular design also reduces the maintenance cost and time of the equipment, because each component can be replaced or repaired independently without large-scale disassembly of the whole equipment, which not only improves the test efficiency but also reduces the test cost, and can be used for a variety of test conditions, having significant economic benefits.

[0026] 3. By setting up laser displacement sensors and inclination sensors to achieve high-precision real-time monitoring. The laser displacement sensors are carefully arranged on the side beams of the slide racks, which can continuously and real-time track the displacement changes of the shelves and accurately capture the dynamic response characteristics of the shelves under seismic excitation. At the same time, the inclination sensors are firmly installed on the side beams of the shelves to closely monitor whether the shelves are offset, thus ensuring the stability of the shelves and the accuracy of the data during the test. Through the collaborative work of the laser displacement sensors and the inclination sensors, the present invention can comprehensively and accurately obtain the displacement mode data of the fracture zone, providing a solid test basis for in-depth exploration of the displacement mode of the fault fracture zone under the strong earthquake-dislocation coupling effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a front view of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a side view of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a top view of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the connection structure between the base and the rigid tabletop of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the sliding frame and shelf structure of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 1. Shaking table; 2. Follow-up shelf structure; 3. Box body; 4. Sliding frame; 5. Rigid tabletop; 6. Horizontal hinge seat; 7. Horizontal actuator; 8. Actuator reaction frame; 9. First bolt; 10. Base; 11. Connecting rod; 12. Vertical hinge seat; 13. Support frame; 14. Second bolt; 15. First extension plate; 16. Third bolt; 17. Pulley; 18. Top beam; 19. Side beam; 20. Bottom beam; 21. Shelf; 22. Tunnel hole opening; 23. Fixed hole; 24. Roller; 25. Fourth bolt; 26. Cross brace; 27. Buckle; 28. Connection hole; 29. Bracket bolt connection hole; 30. Laser displacement meter; 31. Inclinometer sensor. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0037] Referring to Figures 1-6 , the present invention provides a simulation device for tunnel passing through a fault coupling and observable displacement mode, including:

[0038] Shaking table 1;

[0039] A pair of box bodies 3, detachably connected to the shaking table 1, one of the box bodies 3 is used for in-plane vibration, and the other box body 3 is used for in-plane vibration and dislocation;

[0040] Follow-up shelf structure 2, including a support frame 13 detachably connected to the shaking table 1 and a plurality of sliding frames 4 detachably connected to the support frame 13. The plurality of sliding frames 4 are located between a pair of box bodies 3. A shelf 21 with a test space is detachably slidably fitted inside the sliding frame 4. Adjacent shelves 21 are detachably connected to each other, and the two shelves 21 at both ends are respectively detachably connected to a pair of box bodies 3;

[0041] Tunnel lining model, used to be arranged in a pair of box bodies 3 and a plurality of shelves 21;

[0042] The fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system is used to collect test data between multiple sliding frames 4 and multiple layer frames 21.

[0043] By arranging multiple sliding frames 4 with layer frames 21 between a pair of boxes 3, and precisely increasing or decreasing the number of layer frames 21, fine control of the width of the fracture zone can be achieved, thereby simulating the complex characteristics of faults under different geological conditions. Moreover, the sliding frames 4 and the layer frames 21 are in a sliding fit, thus more realistically simulating the dynamic behavior of fault dislocation, significantly enhancing the ability to simulate the actual engineering geological conditions, improving the accuracy of the test, and providing strong support for research in the field of earthquake engineering.

[0044] By setting structures such as the shaking table 1, the follower layer frame structure 2, the boxes 3, the support frame 13, the sliding frames 4, and the layer frames 21 in a detachable assembly relationship, the test device can be quickly and accurately disassembled, assembled, and configured according to specific requirements, greatly improving the versatility and flexibility of the equipment. At the same time, the modular design also reduces the maintenance cost and time of the equipment because each component can be independently replaced or repaired without large-scale disassembly of the entire equipment, not only improving the test efficiency but also reducing the test cost, and it can be used for various test conditions, having significant economic benefits.

[0045] Furthermore, the maximum number of sliding frames 4 is six, and the sliding frames 4 and the support frame 13 are detachably connected by bolts.

[0046] Furthermore, adjacent two sliding frames 4 are detachably connected by a second bolt 14.

[0047] Furthermore, a tunnel hole opening 22 is provided on the box 3.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, the sliding frame 4 includes a top beam 18, a bottom beam 20, and a pair of side beams 19 forming a rectangle. Slideways for sliding fit with the layer frame 21 are respectively provided on the top beam 18 and the bottom beam 20. The top beam 18, the bottom beam 20, and the pair of side beams 19 are detachably connected by fifth bolts.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of pulleys 17 for sliding fit with the slideways are provided on the layer frame 21.

[0050] The width of the slideway is 2 mm larger than the size of the pulley 17, and the grooving depth is 1 / 3 of the diameter of the pulley 17. And lubricating oil is applied to the slideway before the test. Such a design can ensure that the pulley 17 can slide smoothly and stably on the slideway without deviation.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of buckles 27 are provided on the shelf 21, and two adjacent shelves 21 are detachably connected through the buckles 27.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of rollers 24 are provided on the shelf 21. The friction interaction design of the rollers 24 is adopted between the shelves 21, avoiding direct contact. This not only ensures the smooth transmission of seismic excitation between the boxes 3, but also endows the middle shelf 21 with the unique ability to respond to seismic excitation in a non-uniform and non-linear manner under the drive of the box 3. Thus, it more realistically simulates the dynamic behavior of fault dislocation, significantly improves the authenticity and accuracy of the test, and provides strong support for the research in the field of earthquake engineering.

[0053] Further, when there are six shelves 21, two holes are respectively opened at the bottom beam 20 and the top beam 18 on one side of four of the shelves 21 for installing the rollers 24. The rollers 24 are fixed on the shelf 21 through a pin shaft, and it is ensured that the rollers 24 are suspended and do not contact the hole grooves, reducing the frictional resistance. Among the other two shelves 21, one additionally opens a hole on the other side of the top beam 18 of the shelf 21 for installing the roller 24, and the other only opens a hole on the side of the top beam of the shelf 21 in contact with the box 3 for installing the roller 24 to meet different test requirements.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shelf 21 includes a U-shaped frame and a cross brace 26 detachably connected between the two side walls of the U-shaped frame.

[0055] The cross brace 26 is detachably connected to the side wall of the U-shaped frame through a fourth bolt 25 to enhance the overall stiffness and stability of the shelf 21.

[0056] Further, a second extension plate is provided at the top end of the U-shaped frame, and a pulley 17 is assembled on the second extension plate.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first extension plates 15 are provided on the box 3, and the first extension plates 15 are used for detachably connecting with the buckles 27.

[0058] Further, the buckle 27 has a U-shaped structure with through holes. Through holes are provided on the first extension plate 15, and adjacent buckles 27 and between the first extension plate 15 and the buckle 27 can be detachably connected through a third bolt 16.

[0059] By designing the first extension plate 15 and the buckle 27 with through holes, the present invention realizes the flexible fixation of the connection mode between the box 3 and the shelf 21. By flexibly adjusting the opening and closing state of the buckle 27, the position of the sliding rupture surface in the through-fault tunnel can be accurately controlled. At the same time, the stability and reliability of the buckle 27 ensure the stable connection state between the shelves 21 during the test process, reduce the test error, and further improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, the shaking table 1 includes a pair of bases 10, the bases 10 are detachably connected to the support frame 13, a plurality of actuator reaction frames 8 are arranged on the bases 10, a horizontal actuator 7 is arranged on the actuator reaction frame 8, the horizontal actuator 7 is hinged with a rigid tabletop 5 through a horizontal hinge seat 6, the rigid tabletop 5 is detachably connected to the box body 3, and a connecting rod 11 is hinged between the rigid tabletop 5 and the bases 10 through a pair of vertical hinge seats 12.

[0061] Further, a plurality of actuator reaction frames 8 are arranged in different orientations of the rigid tabletop 5 as Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, so that a plurality of horizontal actuators 7 can vibrate and displace the rigid tabletop 5.

[0062] Further, a plurality of support bolt holes 29 are formed in the bases 10, wherein the support bolt holes 29 are used for assembling the first bolts 9, and the first bolts 9 can be used to detachably connect to the support frame 13. During the test, the support frame 13 remains stationary and does not move with the sliding of the shelf 21, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test.

[0063] Further, nine fixing holes 23 are provided at the bottom of the box body 3, and four connecting holes 28 are provided on the rigid tabletop 5. The fixing holes 23 and the connecting holes 28 are detachably connected through the first.

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system includes a plurality of laser displacement meters 30 and a plurality of inclination sensors 31. The laser displacement meters 30 are used to be detachably connected to the side wall of the sliding frame 4, and the inclination sensors 31 are used to be detachably connected to the side wall of the shelf 21. The laser displacement meters 30 and the inclination sensors 31 are used to monitor and record the displacement change and inclination of the shelf 21 in real time.

[0065] The laser displacement meters 30 are arranged on the side beams 19 of the sliding frame 4, which can continuously and real-time track the displacement change of the shelf 21 and accurately capture the dynamic response characteristics of the shelf 21 under the action of seismic excitation. At the same time, the inclination sensors are firmly installed on the side beams of the shelf 21 to closely monitor whether the shelf 21 is displaced, thereby ensuring the stability of the shelf 21 and the accuracy of the data during the test. Through the coordinated work of the laser displacement meters 30 and the inclination sensors 31, the displacement mode data of the fracture zone can be comprehensively and accurately obtained, providing a solid experimental basis for in-depth exploration of the displacement mode of the fault fracture zone under the strong earthquake-dislocation coupling action.

[0066] The present invention uses a pair of bases 10 to form a decentralized shaking table to simulate the actual non-uniform seismic excitation. Two boxes 3 are ingeniously placed on two independent shaking tables respectively. Relying on the ability of the shaking table to input differential seismic excitation, the timing, frequency and amplitude of seismic waves are precisely regulated to meet the diverse requirements of complex seismic simulation tests.

[0067] Specifically, the soil mass in the box 3 serves as an efficient transmission medium for seismic energy. The change in its vibration state directly drives the corresponding sliding behavior of the middle layer rack 21, thus more accurately simulating the non-uniform excitation effect caused by the propagation of seismic waves in complex geological structures.

[0068] The present invention also provides a simulation method for tunnel crossing faults coupling and observable displacement patterns, including the following steps:

[0069] Assemble the test device. Align a pair of boxes 3 precisely and install them on a pair of rigid platforms 5 respectively for fixation, ensuring no relative displacement with the rigid platforms 5 during subsequent operations. Due to the fixed position design of the bases 10, enough space will be left between the two boxes 3 for installing the layer rack 21;

[0070] Place the support frame 13 in the gap between the two bases 10 and firmly fix it on the bases 10 using the first bolts 9 to ensure the stability and load-bearing capacity of the support frame 13;

[0071] Start installing the bottom beam 20 part of the sliding rack 4 from one side of the support frame 13 and fasten it with bolts. Then, place the middle layer rack 21 on the slideway of the bottom beam 20, ensure that the pulleys 17 of the layer rack 21 can smoothly slide into the slideway, and verify whether it can slide freely and stably in the slideway without deviation by gently pushing the layer rack 21. Then, install the remaining sliding racks 4 and layer racks 21 one by one according to the design requirements and complete the upper assembly of the slideway. Finally, tighten the connection states between the box 3 and the layer rack 21, and between the layer racks 21 using the third bolts 16 to ensure the stability of the entire test device;

[0072] Arrange inclination sensors 31 on the side walls of the layer rack 21 and laser displacement meters 30 on the side beams 19 of the sliding rack 4 to monitor the displacement change and tilt angle of the layer rack 21 in real time.

[0073] After the overall test device is fixed, place the tunnel lining model made according to the similarity criterion in the box 3 and the layer rack 21, and flexibly adjust the fasteners 27 between the layer racks 21 according to the predetermined measurement plan to adjust the connection state between multiple layer racks 21; bury measurement elements such as accelerometers and displacement sensors at key parts of the test device and check whether the connection and signal transmission of all measurement elements are normal.

[0074] An earthquake wave excitation is input into the shaking table 1, and the test data is collected by the fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system. Specifically, through the control panel, parameters such as the required vibration direction, frequency, and amplitude are precisely set. Subsequently, the corresponding horizontal actuator 7 is turned on to control the rigid tabletop 5 to move in the preset direction. When simulating non-uniform seismic excitation, by precisely regulating the wave generation signal, one of the boxes 3 only performs vibration simulation, while the other box 3 simultaneously vibrates and generates relative displacement, thereby achieving the simulation effect of strong earthquake-dislocation coupling.

[0075] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0076] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode, characterized in that: include: Vibration table (1); A pair of boxes (3) are detachably connected to the vibration table (1), wherein one of the boxes (3) is used for in-plane vibration, and the other box (3) is used for in-plane vibration and displacement; A follow-up shelf structure (2) comprises a support frame (13) detachably connected to the vibration table (1) and a plurality of sliding frames (4) detachably connected to the support frame (13), wherein the plurality of sliding frames (4) are located between a pair of boxes (3), and a shelf (21) having a test space is detachably slidably matched in the sliding frame (4), and two adjacent shelves (21) are detachably connected to each other, and the two shelves (21) located at the two ends are detachably connected to the pair of boxes (3) respectively; A tunnel lining model, used for being arranged in a pair of the boxes (3) and a plurality of the shelves (21); The fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system is used to collect test data between a plurality of the sliding frames (4) and a plurality of the layer frames (21).

2. A simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding frame (4) comprises a top beam (18), a bottom beam (20) and a pair of side beams (19) forming a rectangle, and the top beam (18) and the bottom beam (20) are respectively provided with a slideway for slidingly cooperating with the layer frame (21).

3. A simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shelf (21) is provided with a plurality of pulleys (17) for slidingly cooperating with the slideway.

4. A simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of buckles (27) are provided on the shelf (21), and two connected shelfs (21) are detachably connected via the buckles (27).

5. The simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of rollers (24) are arranged on the shelf (21).

6. A simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shelf (21) comprises a U-shaped frame and a cross brace (26) detachably connected between two side walls of the U-shaped frame.

7. A simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of first extension plates (15) are arranged on the box body (3), and the first extension plates (15) are used to be detachably connected to the buckles (27).

8. The device for simulating tunneling through faults and observing displacement patterns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration table (1) comprises a pair of bases (10), wherein the bases (10) are detachably connected to the support frame (13), a plurality of actuator reaction frames (8) are arranged on the bases (10), a horizontal actuator (7) is arranged on the actuator reaction frames (8), the horizontal actuator (7) is hinged to a rigid table top (5) via a horizontal hinge seat (6), the rigid table top (5) is detachably connected to the box body (3), and a connecting rod (11) is hinged between the rigid table top (5) and the base (10) via a pair of vertical hinge seats (12).

9. The simulation device for tunneling through fault coupling and observable displacement mode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system comprises a plurality of laser displacement meters (30) and a plurality of inclination sensors (31), wherein the laser displacement meters (30) are used to be detachably connected to the side wall of the sliding frame (4), and the inclination sensors (31) are used to be detachably connected to the side wall of the layer frame (21).

10. A method for simulating a tunnel passing through a fault coupled and observable displacement mode, based on a simulation device for simulating a tunnel passing through a fault coupled and observable displacement mode according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Assembling the test device; Adjusting the connection state between the plurality of shelves (21); Seismic wave excitation is input to the vibration table (1), and test data is collected by the fault zone displacement simulation monitoring system.

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