Full-automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water according to atomic absorption principle

Abstract

The invention discloses a full-automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water according to an atomic absorption principle, which comprises a shell, one end of the bottom of the shell is provided with moving wheels, and the other end of the bottom of the shell is provided with a telescopic pull rod; partition plates are fixed in the shell and divide the shell into a plurality of cavities, a flow path system, a gas path system, a light path system and a measuring system are arranged in the cavities respectively, and holes for detection are formed in the partition plates; a control system is installed on the outer wall of the shell, and the flow path system, the gas path system, the light path system and the measuring system are all electrically connected with the control system. According to the invention, automation of treatment links before detection of heavy metals in water can be realized, and timeliness and monitoring efficiency are improved; the whole detection process does not need human participation, and data errors caused by various unconfirmed factors of manual operation are avoided; the size is small, the draw-bar box type design is adopted, and portability is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water body analysis equipment, and particularly relates to a fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water based on the principle of atomic absorption. Background Art

[0002] There are extremely rich mineral resources of various kinds globally. Metal minerals are particularly important in national defense, military industry, and people's livelihood. The mining and smelting of minerals are the top priorities of a country's industrial development. A large amount of water resources are involved in the mining and smelting processes of heavy metal minerals, and then enter the water cycle system; there are also force majeure factors such as natural disasters that cause leakage accidents in smelting plants; there are also ways such as waste batteries that enter the water body and accumulate in the water body, endangering the human body and the environment.

[0003] After heavy metals enter the human body, they will accumulate in the human body and are difficult to excrete. They will affect the liver and kidney functions of the body, damage the skin, disrupt the respiratory and digestive systems, and the nervous system of the human body, and even cause acute poisoning of the human body. For example, in the 1930s, the world-shocking "itai-itai disease" in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, was caused by people drinking water with excessive heavy metal "cadmium".

[0004] Currently, there are roughly four methods for monitoring heavy metals in water: 1. Dithizone colorimetric method; 2. Anodic stripping voltammetry; 3. Flame atomic absorption method; 4. ICP atomic emission spectrometry. Among them, first, the dithizone colorimetric method has old technology, cumbersome experiments, and extremely unstable experimental reagents, resulting in low accuracy of the experimental data obtained; and the masking agent cyanide in the reagents used is highly toxic, so this method is basically in a state of being abandoned. Second, anodic stripping voltammetry is based on electrochemical principles. Since water contains calcium and magnesium ions, there are many interference factors in this method, the measurement data accuracy is relatively low, and the stability of the measurement electrode is poor and needs to be maintained frequently; third, the flame atomic absorption method has extremely high measurement accuracy because its principle is to atomize the measured substance by burning it in a high-temperature flame and then measure it. Its operation is simple and the measurement efficiency is high. It is the mainstream method for measuring heavy metals in water in the world currently. Fourth, ICP atomic emission spectrometry is mainly used for qualitative work of heavy metals in water bodies, that is, when it is not known which metal elements are contained in a certain water body, this method can be used for detection, but after knowing which metal elements are contained in the water body, its corresponding quantitative work cannot be done. To sum up, in daily water body monitoring work, the flame atomic absorption method is the most widely used.

[0005] With the rapid development of China's economy, the problems between pollution accidents of heavy metals in water and environmental protection have become increasingly prominent. Especially in recent years, with the rise of the new energy industry and the over-exploitation and smelting of heavy metal minerals and rare earth minerals, sudden environmental incidents of heavy metals in water occur frequently. For traditional flame atomic absorption instruments, since the core component for measurement is a photometer, they are relatively large in volume and heavy in weight, which is not conducive to on-site monitoring and portability. For some water samples in leakage accidents, real-time data monitoring is required. The traditional method of collecting water samples and then sending them back to the laboratory for testing can no longer meet the current emergency monitoring needs. Moreover, when the types of heavy metals in water are unknown, it is necessary to first perform qualitative analysis using ICP and then quantitative analysis using flame atomic absorption, which is very troublesome. Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for a method and device for detecting heavy metals in water that is easy to operate, can perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis, has a fast response, and is portable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting heavy metals in water based on the principle of fully automatic portable atomic absorption to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for detecting heavy metals in water based on the principle of fully automatic portable atomic absorption, including a housing. At one end of the bottom of the housing, there are moving wheels, and at the other end of the bottom of the housing, there is a telescopic pull rod. Inside the housing, there are a flow path system, a gas path system, an optical path system, and a measurement system. A partition is fixedly installed inside the housing, and the partition divides the housing into several chambers. The flow path system, the gas path system, the optical path system, and the measurement system are respectively arranged in the corresponding chambers, and holes for detection are opened on the partition. The flow path system is used for adding and taking the water sample to be measured. The gas path system is used to provide the necessary flame conditions for the experiment. The optical path system is used to emit the characteristic resonance lines absorbed by the ground state atoms of the element to be measured. The measurement system is used to cooperate with the optical path system to detect the target element in the water sample to be measured. A control system is installed on the outer wall of the housing, and the flow path system, the gas path system, the optical path system, and the measurement system are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0008] Preferably, the flow path system includes:

[0009] Pipe 1, which is used to connect the water sample to be measured. One end of Pipe 1 is connected to one interface of a three-way joint 1, and Pipe 1 is provided with a peristaltic pump 1 in cooperation.

[0010] Pipe 2, which is used to connect pure water. One end of Pipe 2 is connected to the other interface of the three-way joint 1, and Pipe 2 is provided with a peristaltic pump 2 in cooperation.

[0011] Tube 3 is used to connect the standard solution. One end of Tube 3 is connected to one interface of Tee 2, and Tube 3 is equipped with a peristaltic pump 3 in cooperation. The last interface of Tee 1 is connected to another interface of Tee 2, and the last interface of Tee 2 is connected to the gas path system.

[0012] The peristaltic pump 1, the peristaltic pump 2, and the peristaltic pump 3 are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0013] Preferably, Tube 1, Tube 2, and Tube 3 are all BPT tubes.

[0014] Preferably, the gas path system includes:

[0015] Two gas cylinders, which are respectively used to contain high-pressure fuel gas and high-pressure combustion-supporting gas.

[0016] An atomizer. The two gas cylinders and the flow path system are all connected to the atomizer. A waste liquid discharge port is provided at the bottom of the atomizer.

[0017] A burner head. The atomizer is communicated with the burner head, and the water sample to be measured and the fuel gas in the gas cylinder are burned at the burner head.

[0018] Preferably, the optical path system includes:

[0019] A reflector, which is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees.

[0020] Two composite hollow cathode lamps are respectively arranged on both sides of the reflector and are vertically arranged. The light emitted by the two composite hollow cathode lamps enters the optical path where the measurement system is located through the reflector.

[0021] A power supply, which is used to supply power to the composite hollow cathode lamp.

[0022] Preferably, the electrical equipment in the flow path system, the gas path system, the measurement system, and the control system are all powered by the power supply.

[0023] Preferably, the measurement system includes:

[0024] A matrix detector, which is used to cooperate with the optical path system to detect the target elements in the water sample to be measured.

[0025] A signal amplifier, which is electrically connected to the matrix detector.

[0026] A convex lens, which is used to focus the light generated by the optical path system on the signal amplifier.

[0027] Preferably, the detection wavelength of the matrix detector is 190 nm - 900 nm.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention is small in size and designed in a trolley case style, achieving portability, and this device can be carried to any required place.

[0030] 2. All the pretreatment steps before the detection of heavy metals in water by the present invention can be automated, improving the timeliness and monitoring efficiency.

[0031] 3. The entire detection process of the present invention does not require human participation, avoiding data errors caused by various uncertainties in manual operations.

[0032] 4. All the reagents in the whole process of the present invention are in a closed space or pipeline, and the human body will not come into contact with any toxic and harmful reagents.

[0033] 5. In addition to daily testing of water samples, the present invention can also regularly make standard curves; compared with the traditional manual method of making curves, which requires manually configuring all the concentration points of the curve, the present invention can realize functions such as automatic dilution of all concentration points of the curve by the instrument, automatic measurement, and automatic fitting of the curve.

[0034] 6. The present invention can not only quantitatively analyze the content of heavy metals in water like traditional flame atomic absorption, but also qualitatively analyze which elements are contained in an unknown water body, that is, after the water sample enters the detection system, data values of multiple elements can be issued simultaneously. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device for measuring heavy metals in water based on the principle of full-automatic portable atomic absorption of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic internal structure diagram of the device for measuring heavy metals in water based on the principle of full-automatic portable atomic absorption of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a working flow chart of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the flow path system of the present invention;

[0040] In the figure: 1. housing; 2. moving wheels; 3. telescopic pull rod; 4. partition; 5. flow path system; 6. gas path system; 7. optical path system; 8. measurement system; 9. control system; 10. pipe one; 11. water sample to be measured; 12. tee one; 13. peristaltic pump one; 14. pipe two; 15. pure water; 16. peristaltic pump two; 17. pipe three; 18. standard solution; 19. tee two; 20. peristaltic pump three; 21. nebulizer; 22. burner head; 23. high-pressure fuel gas; 24. high-pressure combustion-supporting gas; 25. reflector; 26. composite hollow cathode lamp; 27. power supply; 28. matrix detector; 29. signal amplifier; 30. convex lens; 31. flame. Specific embodiments

[0041] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0042] The present invention provides a fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water based on the principle of atomic absorption, including a housing 1. At one end of the bottom of the housing 1, moving wheels 2 are provided, and at the other end of the bottom of the housing 1, a telescopic pull rod 3 is provided; inside the housing 1, there are a flow path system 5, a gas path system 6, an optical path system 7 and a measurement system 8. A partition 4 is fixed inside the housing 1, and the partition 4 divides the housing 1 into several chambers. The flow path system 5, the gas path system 6, the optical path system 7 and the measurement system 8 are respectively arranged in the corresponding chambers, and holes for detection are opened on the partition 4; the flow path system 5 is used for adding and taking the water sample to be measured 11; the gas path system 6 is used to provide the necessary flame 31 conditions for the experiment; the optical path system 7 is used to emit the characteristic resonance lines absorbed by the ground state atoms of the element to be measured; the measurement system 8 is used to cooperate with the optical path system 7 to detect the target element in the water sample to be measured 11; a control system 9 is installed on the outer wall of the housing 1, and the flow path system 5, the gas path system 6, the optical path system 7 and the measurement system 8 are all electrically connected to the control system 9.

[0043] Furthermore, the flow path system 5 includes:

[0044] Pipe one 10, which is used to connect the water sample to be measured 11. One end of the pipe one 10 is connected to an interface of the tee one 12, and the pipe one 10 is provided with a peristaltic pump one 13 in cooperation;

[0045] Pipe two 14, which is used to connect the pure water 15. One end of the pipe two 14 is connected to another interface of the tee one 12, and the pipe two 14 is provided with a peristaltic pump two 16 in cooperation;

[0046] Tube three 17 is used to connect the standard solution 18. One interface of the tee joint two 19 is connected to the end of tube three 17, and a peristaltic pump three 20 is arranged in cooperation with tube three 17. The last interface of the tee joint one 12 is connected to another interface of the tee joint two 19, and the last interface of the tee joint two 19 is connected to the gas path system 6.

[0047] The peristaltic pump one 13, the peristaltic pump two 16, and the peristaltic pump three 20 are all electrically connected to the control system 9.

[0048] Furthermore, tube one 10, tube two 14, and tube three 17 are all BPT tubes.

[0049] Furthermore, the gas path system 6 includes:

[0050] Two gas cylinders are respectively used to contain high-pressure fuel gas 23 and high-pressure combustion-supporting gas 24. The high-pressure fuel gas 23 uses acetylene. By providing a portable gas box inside the device, the two gas cylinders are stored through the portable gas box. Considering portability, the two gas cylinders are gas cylinders with a volume of 6L.

[0051] An atomizer 21. The two gas cylinders and the flow path system 5 are all connected to the atomizer 21. A waste liquid discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the atomizer 21.

[0052] A burner head 22. The atomizer 21 is communicated with the burner head 22. The water sample to be measured 11 and the fuel gas in the gas cylinder burn at the burner head 22.

[0053] Furthermore, the optical path system 7 includes:

[0054] A reflector 25, and the reflector 25 is arranged at an inclined angle of 45 degrees.

[0055] Two composite hollow cathode lamps 26 are respectively arranged on both sides of the reflector 25, and the two composite hollow cathode lamps 26 are vertically arranged. The light emitted by the two composite hollow cathode lamps 26 all enters the optical path where the measurement system 8 is located through the reflector 25.

[0056] A power supply 27 is used to supply power to the composite hollow cathode lamp 26.

[0057] Furthermore, the electrical equipment in the flow path system 5, the gas path system 6, the measurement system 8, and the control system 9 are all powered by the power supply 27.

[0058] Furthermore, the measurement system 8 includes:

[0059] A matrix detector 28 is used to cooperate with the optical path system 7 to detect the target elements in the water sample to be measured 11.

[0060] A signal amplifier 29, the signal amplifier 29 is electrically connected to the matrix detector 28;

[0061] A convex lens 30, the convex lens 30 is used to focus the light generated by the optical path system 7 on the signal amplifier 29.

[0062] Furthermore, the detection wavelength of the matrix detector 28 is 190nm - 900nm.

[0063] The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water based on the principle of atomic absorption provided by the present invention realizes the purpose of portability by erecting the housing 1 and pulling the housing 1 through the telescopic pull rod 3 to make the moving wheels 2 roll; the control system 9 controls each electrical part to realize the full-automatic operation of the instrument; the optical path system 7 simultaneously uses two composite hollow cathode lamps 26, and through a reflecting mirror 25 placed at a 45-degree angle, the reflecting mirror 25 can transmit half of the light and reflect half of the light, and then the light from the two composite hollow cathode lamps 26 can finally enter the optical path where the matrix detector 28 is located, doubling the directly measurable elements; in the final measurement link, a matrix detector 28 with a small volume and capable of simultaneously detecting any wavelength in the range of 190nm - 900nm is adopted, and in cooperation with the use of two composite hollow cathode lamps 26, the values of N elements in the same water sample can be measured simultaneously; that is, it can qualitatively determine whether there are elements covered by these two composite hollow cathode lamps 26 in the water and can simultaneously quantitatively determine the content value of the element; the automatic water sample making, automatic standard solution preparation for curve drawing, and automatic dilution function for water samples exceeding the range can be realized through the flow path system 5; the specific process is as follows:

[0064] When detecting the water sample to be measured 11, the peristaltic pump one 13 rotates clockwise, sucking the water sample to be measured 11 into the nebulizer 21 and burning it at the burner head 22. The composite hollow cathode lamp 26 emits several different wavelengths of light to irradiate the flame 31. After receiving the signal of the element atomized on the flame 31, the measured signal value is transmitted to the matrix detector 28 through the signal amplifier 29 to obtain the signal strength value, and then this signal value is converted into the measured concentration value through the pre-drawn standard curve.

[0065] When automatically preparing the standard solution for curve drawing, the peristaltic pump two 16 and the peristaltic pump three 20 rotate counterclockwise. By controlling the rotation speeds of the two pumps, standard solutions 18 with different concentrations are configured, sucked into the nebulizer 21 and burned at the burner head 22. The composite hollow cathode lamp 26 emits several different wavelengths of light to irradiate the flame 31. After receiving the signal of the element atomized on the flame 31, the measured signal value is transmitted to the matrix detector 28 through the signal amplifier 29 to obtain the signal strength value, and then the concentration value and the measured signal value are automatically fitted into a curve.

[0066] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell (1), wherein one end of the bottom of the shell (1) is provided with a moving wheel (2), and the other end of the bottom of the shell (1) is provided with a retractable pull rod (3); a flow path system (5), a gas path system (6), an optical path system (7) and a measuring system (8) are provided in the shell (1); a partition (4) is fixed inside the shell (1), and the partition (4) divides the shell (1) into a plurality of chambers; the flow path system (5), the gas path system (6), the optical path system (7) and the measuring system (8) are respectively arranged in the corresponding chambers; and a detection hole (4) is provided on the partition (4). The housing (1) is provided with a control system (9) for detecting target elements in the water sample (11) to be detected; the flow system (5) is used for adding and taking the water sample (11) to be detected; the gas system (6) is used for providing the flame (31) conditions necessary for the experiment; the optical system (7) is used for emitting characteristic resonance lines absorbed by the ground-state atoms of the element to be detected; the measurement system (8) is used for cooperating with the optical system (7) to detect target elements in the water sample (11) to be detected; and a control system (9) is installed on the outer wall of the housing (1); the flow system (5), the gas system (6), the optical system (7) and the measurement system (8) are all electrically connected to the control system (9).

2. The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flow path system (5) comprises: Tube 1 (10), the tube 1 (10) is used to connect the water sample (11) to be tested, the end of the tube 1 (10) is connected to an interface of a three-way (12), and the tube 1 (10) is provided with a peristaltic pump 1 (13); A second pipe (14), the second pipe (14) is used to connect pure water (15), the end of the second pipe (14) is connected to another interface of the first three-way pipe (12), and the second pipe (14) is provided with a second peristaltic pump (16); Tube three (17), the tube three (17) is used to connect the standard liquid (18), the end of the tube three (17) is connected to an interface of the two tee (19), the tube three (17) is provided with a peristaltic pump three (20); the last interface of the one tee (12) is connected to another interface of the two tee (19), and the last interface of the two tee (19) is connected to the gas path system (6); The peristaltic pump one (13), the peristaltic pump two (16), and the peristaltic pump three (20) are all electrically connected to the control system (9).

3. The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas circuit system (6) comprises: Two gas cylinders, the two gas cylinders are used to contain high-pressure fuel gas (23) and high-pressure combustion-supporting gas (24) respectively; An atomizer (21), the two gas cylinders and the flow path system (5) are connected to the atomizer (21), and a waste liquid discharge port is provided at the bottom of the atomizer (21); The atomizer (21) is connected to the combustion head (22), and the water sample (11) to be tested and the gas in the gas cylinder are burned in the combustion head (22).

4. The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical path system (7) comprises: A reflector (25), wherein the reflector (25) is inclined at an angle of 45 degrees; Two composite hollow cathode lamps (26), the two composite hollow cathode lamps (26) are respectively arranged on both sides of the reflector (25), and the two composite hollow cathode lamps (26) are arranged vertically, and the light emitted by the two composite hollow cathode lamps (26) enters the optical path where the measuring system (8) is located through the reflector (25); A power source (27), wherein the power source (27) is used to supply power to the composite hollow cathode lamp (26).

5. The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrical equipment in the flow path system (5), the gas path system (6), the measurement system (8) and the control system (9) are all powered by the power supply (27).

6. The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring system (8) comprises: A matrix detector (28), the matrix detector (28) being used to cooperate with the optical path system (7) to detect target elements in the water sample (11) to be detected; A signal amplifier (29), the signal amplifier (29) being electrically connected to the matrix detector (28); A convex lens (30), the convex lens (30) being used to focus the light generated by the optical path system (7) onto the signal amplifier (29).

7. The fully automatic portable device for measuring heavy metals in water using the atomic absorption principle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The detection wavelength of the matrix detector (28) is 190nm-900nm.

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