Biochip identification device, biochip and method for identifying biochip

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biochips, and discloses a biochip recognition device, a biochip and a biochip recognition method, the biochip recognition device comprises a microfluid channel system, a biosensing element, a signal processing unit and a biochip fixing device; the invention relates to a biological chip. The surface of the chip is subjected to special chemical treatment, and a coating capable of effectively fixing biomolecules and reducing non-specific adsorption is formed on the surface of the chip; a method of identifying a biochip. According to the invention, by introducing biosensing elements based on an electrochemical principle, such as a field effect transistor biosensor and an electrochemical luminescence sensor, target biomolecules can be specifically identified and combined, measurable electric signal changes can be generated, and compared with a traditional fluorescence scanning system, the technology has higher sensitivity and higher sensitivity. Particularly, when low-abundance biomolecules are treated, the detection accuracy can be obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of biochips, and specifically to a biochip identification device, a biochip, and a method for identifying a biochip. Background Art

[0002] Biochip technology is a bioanalysis system based on microfabrication technology, which integrates discontinuous analysis processes in the field of life science into a microscale biochemical analysis system on the surface of a silicon chip or a glass chip. This technology realizes the accurate, rapid, and large-information detection of cells, proteins, genes, and other biological components through the principle of specific intermolecular interactions. The core of biochip technology lies in the use of microelectronics and microfabrication technologies to construct a microscale analysis system on the surface of a solid-phase medium with an area of several square centimeters, thereby achieving the efficient processing and analysis of biological components.

[0003] Biochip identification devices mainly rely on optical detection systems, such as fluorescence scanning systems, to quantify the hybridization signals of biomolecules by exciting the fluorescent dyes labeled on the chip and capturing the emitted light. However, this technology has problems such as limited sensitivity, complex operation, and high cost. Especially when dealing with low-abundance biomolecules, the detection efficiency and accuracy need to be improved; secondly, the immobilization efficiency and stability of biomolecules on the chip surface, as well as how to reduce non-specific adsorption while maintaining high density, are also technical problems that need to be solved. Based on this, the present invention designs a biochip identification device, a biochip, and a method for identifying a biochip to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biochip identification device, a biochip, and a method for identifying a biochip, which solve the problems of limited optical detection systems and biomolecule stability in the background art.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A biochip identification device, comprising: A microfluidic channel system for guiding a sample to be tested to flow through the surface of the biochip. The microfluidic channel system further includes a sample injection port, a waste liquid discharge port, and a micropump; a biosensing element based on the electrochemical principle and integrated inside or on the surface of the biochip for directly detecting changes in the electrical signals generated by biomolecule hybridization; a signal processing unit for receiving and processing the electrical signals from the biosensing element and converting them into quantified data of biomolecule concentration; a biochip fixing device for stably mounting the biochip and ensuring its position stability and operation convenience during the detection process.

[0006] Preferably, the sample injection port is used to introduce a sample to be tested into the microfluidic channel; the waste liquid discharge port is used to discharge the fluid after passing through the surface of the biochip; the micropump is used to control the flow rate and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel.

[0007] Preferably, the biosensing element is at least one of a field effect transistor biosensor, an electrochemiluminescence sensor, or an ion-sensitive field effect transistor, to specifically identify and bind to a target biomolecule, thereby generating a measurable change in the electrical signal.

[0008] Preferably, the signal processing unit further includes: an analog-to-digital converter for converting the analog electrical signal output by the biosensing element into a digital signal; a data processing module for performing preprocessing such as filtering, amplifying, and baseline correction on the digital signal, and for performing algorithm analysis to accurately calculate the concentration of the biomolecule; an interface module for outputting the quantified data to an external display device, storage device, or network connection for easy viewing and analysis by the user.

[0009] A biochip identification device further includes an automated sample pretreatment module, an automatic calibration system, and a temperature control system. The automated sample pretreatment module is used to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration processing on the sample before detection. The automatic calibration system is used to calibrate the biosensing element regularly or as needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. The temperature control system is used to monitor the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment in real time and feedback the temperature information to the temperature control system to achieve closed-loop temperature regulation.

[0010] Preferably, the surface of the chip is subjected to special chemical treatment to form a coating that can effectively immobilize biomolecules and reduce non-specific adsorption. The biomolecules are arranged in a microarray form, and each array unit contains at least one specific biorecognition element for specifically binding to the target biomolecule.

[0011] Preferably, the coating of the special chemical treatment includes, but is not limited to, one or more of polyethylene glycol (PEG), self-assembled monolayer (SAM), zwitterionic polymer, or silane coupling agent to improve the immobilization efficiency of biomolecules and detection specificity; the biorecognition element is at least one of an antibody, nucleic acid probe, aptamer, enzyme, or receptor to specifically identify and bind to the target biomolecule.

[0012] A method for identifying a biochip includes the following steps: Step S1, introducing a sample to be tested into the microfluidic channel system through the sample injection port; Step S2, using a micropump to control the flow rate and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel so that the sample to be tested flows through the surface of the biochip; Step S3, the biosensing element detects the change in the electrical signal generated by biomolecular hybridization and transmits the electrical signal to the signal processing unit; Step S4, the signal processing unit receives and processes the electrical signal and converts it into quantitative data of the biomolecule concentration; Step S5, the detection result and relevant information are displayed through the user interface; Step S6, the biosensing element is calibrated using an automatic calibration system; Step S7, based on the quantitative data and a preset threshold or algorithm, it is determined whether a specific biomolecule exists in the sample to be tested or whether the concentration of the biomolecule exceeds a certain level.

[0013] Preferably, before step S1, it further includes using an automated sample pretreatment module to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration processes on the sample; in step S2, the control of the micropump further includes dynamically adjusting the flow rate and direction of the fluid according to the nature of the sample to be tested, the type of biochip, or the detection requirements; in step S4, the signal processing unit also performs data quality control steps, including detecting signal anomalies, removing noise data, and performing repeated measurements to improve data reliability; step S5 further includes presenting the detection result and relevant information to the user in a graphical interface, report form, or data export method.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes the following steps: Step S8, after the detection is completed, a temperature control system is used to adjust the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment to restore it to a suitable state for storage or next use; Step S9, the quantitative data, analysis results, calibration records, temperature control information, etc. are stored in an internal memory or an external database for subsequent data traceability, analysis comparison, or compliance inspection.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: 1. In the present invention, by introducing biosensing elements based on electrochemical principles, such as field-effect transistor biosensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors, etc., it can specifically identify and bind to target biomolecules, generating measurable changes in electrical signals. This technology has higher sensitivity compared to traditional fluorescence scanning systems, especially when dealing with low-abundance biomolecules, and can significantly improve the detection accuracy; the application of the automated sample pretreatment module further improves the purity and concentration of the sample, enhances the signal intensity of the target biomolecule, and thus further improves the detection sensitivity.

[0016] 2. The present invention integrates key components such as a microfluidic channel system, a biosensing element, and a signal processing unit, realizing an integrated operation of sample introduction, fluid control, signal detection, and data processing. This greatly simplifies the operation process and reduces the operation difficulty. At the same time, by optimizing the component design and manufacturing process, the production cost is reduced, making the biochip identification device more affordable and easy to promote while maintaining high performance.

[0017] 3. In the present invention, the surface of the biochip undergoes special chemical treatment to form a coating that can effectively immobilize biomolecules and reduce non-specific adsorption. This coating technology significantly improves the immobilization efficiency of biomolecules, ensuring that the biosensing element can stably adhere to the chip surface. The presence of the coating also significantly reduces non-specific adsorption, decreasing the non-specific binding of non-target biomolecules to the chip surface, thereby improving the specificity and accuracy of detection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a content function diagram of the biochip identification device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a content detail diagram of the biochip identification device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a composition and function diagram of the biochip of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a method flow diagram for identifying a biochip of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] A biochip identification device includes: A microfluidic channel system for guiding a sample to be tested to flow through the surface of the biochip. The microfluidic channel system also includes a sample injection port, a waste liquid discharge port, and a micropump; a biosensing element based on the electrochemical principle and integrated inside or on the surface of the biochip for directly detecting changes in electrical signals generated by biomolecular hybridization; a signal processing unit for receiving and processing the electrical signals from the biosensing element and converting them into quantitative data of biomolecular concentration; a biochip fixing device for stably installing the biochip and ensuring its position stability and operation convenience during detection.

[0021] The sample injection port is used to introduce the sample to be tested into the microfluidic channel; the waste liquid discharge port is used to discharge the fluid after passing through the surface of the biochip; the micropump is used to control the flow rate and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel.

[0022] The biosensing element is at least one of a field effect transistor biosensor, an electrochemiluminescence sensor, or an ion-sensitive field effect transistor, which specifically recognizes and binds to the target biomolecule, and then generates a measurable change in the electrical signal.

[0023] The signal processing unit further includes: an analog-to-digital converter for converting the analog electrical signal output by the biosensing element into a digital signal; a data processing module for performing preprocessing such as filtering, amplifying, and baseline correction on the digital signal, and executing algorithm analysis to accurately calculate the concentration of the biomolecule; an interface module for outputting the quantified data to an external display device, storage device, or network connection for easy viewing and analysis by the user.

[0024] An automated sample pretreatment module, an automatic calibration system, and a temperature control system. The automated sample pretreatment module is used to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration processing on the sample before detection. The automatic calibration system is used to calibrate the biosensing element regularly or as needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. The temperature control system is used to monitor the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment in real time, and feedback the temperature information to the temperature control system to achieve closed-loop temperature regulation.

[0025] The working principle of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: The sample to be tested is introduced into the microfluidic channel system through the sample injection port. The micropump precisely controls the flow rate and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel to ensure that the sample can flow evenly and stably through the surface of the biochip. During this process, the waste liquid discharge port is responsible for discharging the fluid after passing through the surface of the biochip to maintain the smooth operation of the system. The biosensing element integrated inside or on the surface of the biochip specifically recognizes and binds to the target biomolecule based on the electrochemical principle; these biosensing elements, such as field effect transistor biosensors, electrochemiluminescence sensors, or ion-sensitive field effect transistors, can generate changes in the electrical signal directly related to the concentration of the target biomolecule, and this change in the electrical signal is then captured and processed by the signal processing unit.

[0026] The signal processing unit first converts the analog electrical signal output by the biosensing element into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital converter, and then the data processing module performs preprocessing steps such as filtering, amplifying, and baseline correction on the digital signal to improve the accuracy and reliability of the signal. On this basis, the data processing module executes a dedicated algorithm analysis to accurately calculate the concentration of the biomolecule.

[0027] The automated sample pretreatment module purifies, labels, and concentrates the sample before detection to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of detection; the automatic calibration system calibrates the biosensing element regularly or as needed to ensure the stability and reliability of the detection results; the temperature control system monitors the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment in real time and maintains the temperature within an appropriate range through a closed-loop regulation mechanism to reduce the impact of temperature fluctuations on the detection results.

[0028] A biochip, the surface of the chip is subjected to special chemical treatment to form a coating that can effectively immobilize biomolecules and reduce non-specific adsorption. The biomolecules are arranged in a microarray form, and each array unit contains at least one specific biorecognition element for specific binding to the target biomolecule.

[0029] The coating of special chemical treatment includes, but is not limited to, one or more of polyethylene glycol (PEG), self-assembled monolayer (SAM), zwitterionic polymer, or silane coupling agent to improve the immobilization efficiency of biomolecules and detection specificity; the biorecognition element is at least one of antibody, nucleic acid probe, aptamer, enzyme, or receptor to specifically recognize and bind to the target biomolecule.

[0030] The working principle of the embodiment of the present invention is: the presence of the coating efficiently immobilizes biomolecules, ensuring that the biorecognition element can stably adhere to the chip surface; significantly reduces non-specific adsorption, that is, reduces the non-specific binding of non-target biomolecules to the chip surface, thereby improving the detection specificity and accuracy.

[0031] Based on the coating, the biomolecules are carefully arranged in a microarray form on the chip surface. Each microarray unit contains at least one specific biorecognition element, which can be an antibody, nucleic acid probe, aptamer, enzyme, or receptor, etc. They each have unique specific recognition capabilities and can precisely bind to the target biomolecule. When the test sample contacts the biochip, the target biomolecule will, under the specific guidance of the biorecognition element, bind to the corresponding biorecognition element; this binding process is based on the intermolecular forces between biomolecules, such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc., ensuring the stability and specificity of the binding.

[0032] A method for identifying a biochip, comprising the following steps: Step S1, introducing the test sample into the microfluidic channel system through the sample injection port; Step S2, using a micropump to control the flow rate and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel so that the test sample flows through the surface of the biochip; Step S3, the biosensing element detects the change in the electrical signal generated by biomolecular hybridization and transmits the electrical signal to the signal processing unit; Step S4, the signal processing unit receives and processes the electrical signal and converts it into quantified data of the biomolecule concentration; Step S5, display the detection result and relevant information through the user interface; Step S6, calibrate the biosensing element using the automatic calibration system; Step S7, based on the quantified data and the preset threshold or algorithm, determine whether a specific biomolecule exists in the sample to be tested or whether the concentration of the biomolecule exceeds a certain level; Step S8, after the detection is completed, use the temperature control system to adjust the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment to restore it to a suitable state for storage or next use; Step S9, store the quantified data, analysis results, calibration records, temperature control information, etc. in the internal memory or external database for subsequent data traceability, analysis comparison, or compliance inspection.

[0033] Before step S1, it also includes using an automated sample pretreatment module to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration processes on the sample; in step S2, the control of the micropump also includes dynamically adjusting the flow rate and direction of the fluid according to the nature of the sample to be tested, the type of biochip, or the detection requirements; in step S4, the signal processing unit also performs data quality control steps, including detecting signal anomalies, removing noise data, and performing repeated measurements to improve data reliability; step S5 also includes presenting the detection result and relevant information to the user in the form of a graphical interface, report, or data export.

[0034] The working principle of the embodiment of the present invention is: before the detection starts, use an automated sample pretreatment module to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration processes on the sample to be tested to ensure the quality of the sample and the accuracy of the detection. This step effectively removes impurities in the sample and enhances the signal intensity of the target biomolecule through precise biochemical processing techniques. Subsequently, the pretreated sample to be tested is introduced into the microfluidic channel system through the sample injection port. The micropump, as a key component, dynamically adjusts the flow rate and direction of the fluid according to the nature of the sample to be tested, the type of biochip, or the detection requirements. This precise control ensures that the sample can flow evenly and stably across the surface of the biochip, thereby improving the sensitivity and reliability of the detection.

[0035] On the surface of the biochip, a specially chemically treated coating effectively immobilizes biomolecules and reduces non-specific adsorption. The biosensing elements are arranged in a microarray form, and each array unit contains at least one specific biorecognition element for specifically binding to the target biomolecule. When the sample to be tested flows through the biochip, the biosensing elements can detect the changes in the electrical signals generated by biomolecule hybridization and transmit these changes to the signal processing unit.

[0036] After receiving the electrical signal, the signal processing unit first performs data quality control steps, including detecting signal anomalies, removing noise data, and performing repeated measurements to improve the reliability of the data. Subsequently, the processed electrical signal is converted into quantified data of biomolecule concentration and presented to the user through a graphical interface, report form, or data export via the user interface. In addition, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection results, an automatic calibration system is used to calibrate the biosensing element regularly or on demand; meanwhile, based on the quantified data and preset thresholds or algorithms, it is determined whether a specific biomolecule exists in the sample to be tested or whether the concentration of a biomolecule exceeds a certain level.

[0037] After the detection is completed, the temperature control system adjusts the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment to restore it to a suitable state for storage or next use. This step helps to extend the service life of the biochip and maintain the stability of its detection performance.

[0038] Working principle: The biochip recognition device guides the sample to be tested to flow through the surface of the biochip through a microfluidic channel system. The device uses a biosensing element, based on the electrochemical principle, to specifically recognize and bind to the target biomolecule, generating a measurable change in the electrical signal. These electrical signals are received by the signal processing unit and converted into quantified data of biomolecule concentration. The device also includes an automated sample pretreatment module, an automatic calibration system, and a temperature control system, which are used for sample pretreatment, calibration of the biosensing element, and temperature control respectively to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection results.

[0039] The surface of the biochip undergoes special chemical treatment to form a coating that can effectively immobilize biomolecules and reduce non-specific adsorption. The biomolecules are arranged in a microarray form on the chip, and each array unit contains at least one specific biorecognition element for specific binding to the target biomolecule. When the sample to be tested contacts the biochip, the target biomolecule will bind to it under the guidance of the biorecognition element, forming a stable specific binding, thereby realizing the recognition and detection of biomolecules.

[0040] The method for identifying a biochip includes multiple steps: First, an automated sample pretreatment module is used to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration processes on the sample; then, the pretreated sample is introduced onto the surface of the biochip through a microfluidic channel system, and a micropump is used to control the flow rate and direction of the fluid; next, a biosensing element detects the change in the electrical signal generated by biomolecular hybridization and transmits these changes to a signal processing unit; the signal processing unit receives and processes the electrical signal, converts it into quantitative data of the biomolecular concentration, and presents it to the user through a user interface. In addition, an automatic calibration system is used to calibrate the biosensing element, and based on the quantitative data and preset thresholds or algorithms, it is determined whether a specific biomolecule exists in the sample to be tested or whether the concentration of the biomolecule exceeds a certain level. A temperature control system adjusts the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment to restore it to a suitable state for storage or the next use, and stores relevant data for subsequent data traceability, analysis and comparison, or compliance checks.

[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biochip identification device, characterized in that: include: A microfluidic channel system, used to guide the sample to be tested to flow through the surface of the biochip, the microfluidic channel system also includes a sample injection port, a waste liquid discharge port, and a micro pump; Biosensor elements, based on electrochemical principles and integrated inside or on the surface of biochips, are used to directly detect changes in electrical signals generated by hybridization of biomolecules; A signal processing unit, used for receiving and processing the electrical signal from the biosensor element and converting it into quantitative data of the biomolecule concentration; The biochip fixing device is used to firmly install the biochip and ensure its position stability and operational convenience during the detection process.

2. A biochip identification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample injection port is used to introduce the sample to be tested into the microfluidic channel; the waste liquid discharge port is used to discharge the fluid after passing through the surface of the biochip; and the micropump is used to control the flow speed and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel.

3. A biochip identification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biosensor element is at least one of a field effect transistor biosensor, an electrochemiluminescence sensor or an ion-sensitive field effect transistor, which can specifically recognize and bind to target biomolecules to generate a measurable electrical signal change.

4. A biochip identification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing unit further includes: An analog-to-digital converter, used to convert the analog electrical signal output by the biosensor element into a digital signal; A data processing module is used to perform pre-processing such as filtering, amplification, and baseline correction on digital signals, as well as perform algorithm analysis to accurately calculate the concentration of biomolecules; The interface module is used to output the quantitative data to an external display device, storage device or network connection for user viewing and analysis.

5. A biochip identification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an automated sample preprocessing module, an automated calibration system, and a temperature control system. The automated sample preprocessing module is used to perform necessary purification, labeling, and concentration treatments on the sample before detection. The automated calibration system is used to calibrate the biosensor element regularly or on demand to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection results. The temperature control system is used to monitor the temperature of the biochip and its surroundings in real time, and to feed back the temperature information to the temperature control system to achieve closed-loop temperature regulation.

6. A biochip for use with the biochip identification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip surface is specially chemically treated to form a coating that can effectively fix biomolecules and reduce nonspecific adsorption. The biomolecules are arranged in a microarray, and each array unit contains at least one specific biorecognition element for specific binding to the target biomolecule.

7. A biochip according to claim 6, characterized in that: The special chemically treated coating includes but is not limited to one or more of polyethylene glycol (PEG), self-assembled monolayer (SAM), zwitterionic polymer or silane coupling agent to improve the fixation efficiency and detection specificity of biological molecules; the biological recognition element is at least one of an antibody, a nucleic acid probe, an aptamer, an enzyme or a receptor to specifically recognize and bind to the target biological molecule.

8. A method for identifying a biochip, using the biochip identification device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and the biochip according to claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, introducing a sample to be tested into the microfluidic channel system through a sample injection port; Step S2, using a micropump to control the flow speed and direction of the fluid in the microfluidic channel so that the sample to be tested flows through the surface of the biochip; Step S3, the biosensor element detects the change of the electrical signal generated by the hybridization of the biomolecules and transmits the electrical signal to the signal processing unit; Step S4, the signal processing unit receives and processes the electrical signal and converts it into quantitative data of the biomolecule concentration; Step S5, displaying the test results and related information through a user interaction interface; Step S6, calibrating the biosensor element using an automatic calibration system; Step S7, judging whether there is a specific biomolecule in the sample to be tested or whether the concentration of the biomolecule exceeds a certain level according to the quantitative data and a preset threshold value or algorithm.

9. A method for identifying a biochip according to claim 8, characterized in that: Before step S1, it also includes using an automated sample preprocessing module to perform necessary purification, labeling and concentration treatments on the sample; in step S2, the control of the micropump also includes dynamically adjusting the flow speed and direction of the fluid according to the properties of the sample to be tested, the type of biochip or the detection requirements; in step S4, the signal processing unit also performs data quality control steps, including detecting signal anomalies, eliminating noise data, and performing repeated measurements to improve data reliability; step S5 also includes presenting the test results and related information to the user in the form of a graphical interface, a report or a data export.

10. The method for identifying a biochip according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are also included: Step S8, after the detection is completed, use a temperature control system to adjust the temperature of the biochip and its surrounding environment to restore it to a state suitable for storage or next use; Step S9, storing the quantitative data, analysis results, calibration records and temperature control information in an internal memory or an external database to facilitate subsequent data tracing, analysis comparison or compliance checking.

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