Monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a landslide monitoring technology, in particular to a monitoring and positioning system based on a landslide acoustic emission sensing technology, which is characterized in that by introducing the acoustic emission technology, the collected monitoring signals are wider in direction and have no dead angles from 0 to 360 degrees, and meanwhile, invisible sound waves generated by a landslide can be digitally and visually displayed and compared through the monitoring and positioning system. Finally, satellite transmission is adopted when signals are poor through a multimode communication transmission technology, the communication error-tolerant rate is improved, meanwhile, regular working state detection can be conducted on the sensor bodies through the existence of the multiple preset sound detection units, and in the working state detection process, the detection accuracy is improved. When the sensor main bodies cannot detect the corresponding sound generation signals, the sensor main bodies are judged to be in an abnormal working state, the sensor main bodies need to be maintained or replaced, and when the number of the sensor main bodies needing to be maintained or replaced reaches half of the total number of the sensor main bodies, the signal acquisition instrument needs to be maintained in advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The monitoring and positioning system of acoustic emission sensing technology involved in the present invention, in particular, relates to a monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology applied to the field of landslide monitoring technology. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the objects of landslide prediction and monitoring mainly include displacement, stress field, groundwater level and external inducing factors. The acoustic emission technology has developed from fields such as pressure vessel detection, metal fatigue detection and fracture mechanics applications to the current fields of seismology, geophysics, etc. When the original internal structure of the mountain body is damaged and relative sliding occurs, acoustic emission signals will be released. By detecting and analyzing the acoustic emissions, the positioning of the landslide point and the prediction of the landslide time can be realized. Drawing on the mature acoustic emission detection technology (AE: Acoustic Emission) in dynamic non-destructive testing, the detection and positioning methods of acoustic emission signals in mountain landslides are studied, the detection of the acoustic emission field at the impending landslide point of the landslide is completed, and the impending landslide time and scale are predicted based on the positioning of the sound source point.

[0003] The acoustic emission signals emitted during the impending landslide of the mountain body are collected through an acquisition card or an acoustic generation sensor. For example, by studying the acoustic emission characteristics generated by rock fracture, it is found that the frequency of the acoustic emission signals emitted by rock fracture mainly concentrates in the infrasonic frequency band. If all points in the rock mass are subjected to the same stress at the same time, then all points in the object will make an overall movement at the same time. At this time, there will be no relative movement within the object, and no acoustic emission signal will be emitted. By observing the acoustic emission signals generated by the landslide, it is found that there are more frequency components in between, and the frequency components less than 20Hz are the most

[0004] The specification of invention patent CN105513283B discloses a method for determining the early form of a landslide line based on the optimal arrangement of sensors. This invention first uses target monitoring points to describe the estimated linear shape of the landslide line, and then determines three arrangement methods of acoustic emission sensors according to the relationship between the distance between adjacent target monitoring points and the attenuation calculation radius of the acoustic emission signal. The layout of the acoustic emission sensors is not arbitrary and blind. This is beneficial to improving the accuracy of landslide early warning.

[0005] At the same time, the specification of utility model patent CN218973532U discloses a landslide monitoring device, including a monitoring module. This utility model monitors the acoustic emission signals in the landslide risk area through a contact monitoring method, and at the same time combines the monitoring information of the rain gauge to improve the accuracy of monitoring and early warning; at the same time, the monitoring device in this application has a simple structure and a low device cost, and has the value of being popularized and applied in remote areas, low-income areas, and large-scale monitoring areas.

[0006] The working area of landslide monitoring equipment is the wild environment with harsh conditions such as remote mountains, lacking 4G base station coverage. Therefore, the 4G signal coverage rate and signal strength are often poor, the monitoring environment is relatively harsh, and the work of detection equipment is easily affected. At the same time, during the working process of acoustic emission sensors, they are also easily affected by external environmental factors, resulting in measurement errors. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the existing landslide detection and monitoring environment is relatively harsh, the work of detection equipment is easily affected, and at the same time, during the working process of acoustic emission sensors, they are also easily affected by external environmental factors, resulting in measurement errors.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology, including an acoustic generator sensor, the acoustic generator sensor is signal-connected to a signal collector, the signal collector is signal-connected to a signal base station, and the signal base station is signal-connected to a monitoring platform;

[0009] Wherein the signal base station includes a ground signal base station and a satellite channel;

[0010] Its working process mainly includes:

[0011] The signal captured by the acoustic generator sensor is sent to an ADC analog-to-digital conversion chip to become a digital signal. The analog-to-digital conversion chip used is AD4001 to increase the waveform reduction rate. Then, the operation module in the MCU is used to cooperate with the FPGA algorithm to obtain characteristic parameters such as the wave peak and quantity, rise time, duration, ring count, and energy of the waveform.

[0012] At the same time, the on-chip SDMMC is used to store the data in the SD card, and the fat file system is established using the library function in the MCU to facilitate data reading from the SD card. The MCU internally performs operations to convert the data into a network communication format packet, which is transmitted to the Internet through the 4G network module. Whether the data reporting is successful is judged by the return value after reporting the data. If the 4G signal is weak at the site and the data upload fails, the communication mode is changed to satellite communication. Finally, the network platform analyzes the received data and then displays it on the platform, thus achieving the effect of remote monitoring. When the satellite communication data reporting also fails, the processed result data is saved, and the secondary processing result data reporting work is carried out at an opportune time.

[0013] In the above monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology, compared with the monitoring direction angle of the traditional monitoring equipment which is directional, the monitoring signals collected by this system have a wider direction range, covering 0 to 360 degrees without dead angles. At the same time, the invisible sound waves generated by the landslide can be digitally and visually displayed and compared through this application. Finally, with the multi-mode communication transmission technology, satellite transmission is used when the signal is poor to improve the communication fault tolerance rate.

[0014] As a further improvement of this application, for the acoustic emission signal sampling ADC, the 12-bit successive approximation ADC built into the microprocessor STM32F750 is utilized, and its sampling rate can reach up to 2.4MHz, and the sampling voltage input range is between them. The circuit of its signal conditioning part includes a DC blocking / impedance matching circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and a signal bias adjustment circuit.

[0015] As a further improvement of this application, the power supply circuit of the analog acquisition circuit provides a power supply voltage of ±24V and a polarization voltage of 200V for the acoustic emission sensor; provides a power supply voltage of ±5V required for the signal conditioning part circuit; and provides a working voltage of 3.3V for the digital part circuit.

[0016] As a further improvement of this application, the MCU is externally equipped with an SDI interface and a DMA processor, and DMA is used for data transmission between the peripherals and the memory to improve the data storage speed of the acoustic emission signal acquisition node.

[0017] As another improvement of this application, the MCU uses a high-precision NEO-6GPS positioning and timing module to achieve node coordinate determination and time synchronization. The positioning accuracy of NEO-6GPS in the horizontal direction can reach 2.5m, the time resolution is 30ns, the power supply voltage of the module is a DC voltage of 5.0V ± 0.25V, the power consumption is 50mA. When starting in the cold start mode, the response amount change degree that NEO-6GPS can capture is -148dBm, the obtained response amount change degree is -160dBm, and the tracked response amount change degree is -162dBm; the communication channel between NEO-6GPS and the controller is the UART interface.

[0018] The circuit of NEO-6GPS consists of three modules: EEPROM, LDO, and NEO-6.

[0019] As another supplementary improvement of the present application, the signal acquisition instrument includes an outer protective shell, and a collection unit matching itself is inserted into the outer protective shell. The collection unit includes an integrated main body matching the shape of the outer protective shell. Structures such as an acoustic emission signal sampling ADC, an MCU, a 4G network module, and a satellite communication module are carried in the integrated main body. A plurality of sensor mounting grooves are formed at the lower end of the integrated main body, and sensor main bodies are respectively inserted into the plurality of sensor mounting grooves. The plurality of sensor main bodies perform the acquisition work of acoustic generation signals. A plurality of acoustic detection units are fixedly connected to the lower end of the integrated main body. The presence of the acoustic detection units can be used to regularly detect the working states of the plurality of sensor main bodies, and maintenance personnel can be reasonably arranged for maintenance work.

[0020] As another supplementary improvement of the present application, an alarm groove is formed at the upper end of the integrated main body, and an alarm unit is inserted into the alarm groove. The alarm unit includes a cylindrical outer shell. A fixed ring matching itself is rotatably connected to the upper opening of the cylindrical outer shell. A warning lamp bead is placed in the cylindrical outer shell. The outer shell of the warning lamp bead is made of transparent acrylic material. The warning lamp bead is a fluorescent lamp. An installation table is fixedly connected to the lower end of the warning lamp bead. A starting spring is fixedly connected between the installation table and the bottom plate of the cylindrical outer shell. An adsorption magnetic ring is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the cylindrical outer shell. The adsorption magnetic ring adsorbs to the installation table in the energized state, and the adsorption magnetic ring is sleeved outside the starting spring, which is convenient for maintenance personnel to confirm the positions of the sensor main bodies in the abnormal working state.

[0021] As another improvement of the present application, a plurality of prefabricated grooves evenly distributed in a radial pattern are formed at the lower end of the fixed ring to reduce the structural strength of the fixed ring and facilitate the warning lamp bead to break through the fixed ring.

[0022] As another supplementary improvement of the present application, a first buffer rope and a second buffer rope are connected between the installation table and the bottom plate of the cylindrical outer shell. The first buffer rope is in a taut state, and the second buffer rope is in a relaxed state. During the process of the starting spring releasing elastic potential energy, the first buffer rope and the second buffer rope can be used as buffer members. The elastic potential energy of the starting spring is released by the breakage of the first buffer rope and the second buffer rope, increasing the overall stability of the alarm unit.

[0023] In summary, through the introduction of acoustic emission technology, the present application realizes a wider monitoring signal collection range, with no dead angle from 0 to 360 degrees. At the same time, the invisible sound waves generated by landslides can be digitized, visually displayed and compared through the present application. Finally, with the multi-mode communication transmission technology, satellite transmission is used when the signal is poor, improving the communication fault tolerance rate.

[0024] Meanwhile, the presence of multiple preset sound detection units can be used to periodically detect the working status of multiple sensor bodies. During the working status detection process, the multiple sound detection units will generate preset sound generation signals for detection. When a sensor body fails to detect the corresponding sound generation signal, the sensor body is in an abnormal working state and needs to be maintained or replaced. During the next maintenance of the signal collector, carry the corresponding number of sensor bodies for maintenance work. When the number of sensor bodies that need to be maintained or replaced reaches half of the total number of sensor bodies, the maintenance work of the signal collector needs to be carried out in advance to ensure that the signal collector is in a normal working state. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the monitoring and positioning system of the acoustic emission sensing technology according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the monitoring work of the acoustic emission sensing technology according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 Circuit diagram of the acoustic emission signal sampling ADC according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 Power supply circuit diagram of the analog acquisition circuit according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 On-chip SDMMC circuit diagram according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 Circuit diagram of the positioning and timing module according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram after the signal collector is set according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 Structural schematic diagram of the signal collector according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 Exploded view of the main structure of the signal collector according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 10 Structural schematic diagram of the alarm unit according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 11 Front cross-sectional view of the alarm unit according to the second embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 12Schematic diagram of the movement track of the warning lamp beads after the alarm unit in the second implementation manner of this application is started.

[0037] Description of the reference numerals in the figure:

[0038] 1 Outer protective shell, 2 Acquisition unit, 201 Integrated main body, 202 Sensor installation groove, 203 Sound detection unit, 204 Alarm groove, 3 Sensor main body, 4 Alarm unit, 401 Cylindrical shell, 402 Fixed ring, 403 Prefabricated groove, 404 Warning lamp bead, 405 Installation platform, 406 Adsorption magnetic ring, 407 Starting spring, 408 Buffer rope 1, 409 Buffer rope 2. Specific implementation manner

[0039] The following will make a detailed description of the two implementation manners of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The first implementation manner:

[0041] Figure 1 A monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology is shown, including an acoustic generation sensor, the acoustic generation sensor is signal-connected to a signal acquisition instrument, the signal acquisition instrument is signal-connected to a signal base station, and the signal base station is signal-connected to a monitoring platform;

[0042] Among them, the signal base station includes a ground signal base station and a satellite channel;

[0043] Please refer to Figure 2 , and its working process mainly includes:

[0044] The signal captured by the acoustic generation sensor is sent to an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) analog-to-digital conversion chip to become a digital signal. The analog-to-digital conversion chip used is AD4001. The maximum sampling rate of this chip is 2M, powered by 1.8V, and uses the SPI communication method to transmit the digitized waveform signal to the MCU (Microcontroller Unit), with a communication rate of 32M to increase the waveform reduction rate. Then, the operation module in the MCU is used in cooperation with the FPGA algorithm (Field-Programmable Gate Array) to obtain characteristic parameters such as the wave crest and quantity, rise time, duration, ring count, energy, etc. of the waveform. Among them, the main chip uses the STM32F750 chip, powered by 3.3V, reset by low level, externally connected with a 24M crystal oscillator, the main frequency can reach 400M, and there are internal serial ports, spi (Serial Peripheral Interface), DMA (Direct Memory Access), interrupt and other modules. Through reasonable scheduling, data can be processed and transmitted quickly.

[0045] Meanwhile, the on-chip SDMMC (Secure Digital Multimedia Card, on-chip SDMMC means integrating the SDMMC interface into the microcontroller or system chip) is used to store data into the SD card. The fat file system is established using the library functions within the MCU to facilitate data reading from the SD card. The MCU performs operations internally to convert the data into a network communication format packet, which is then transmitted to the Internet through the 4G network module. Whether the reporting is successful is judged by the return value after reporting the data. If the 4G signal is weak at the on-site environment and the data upload fails, the communication mode is changed to satellite communication. Finally, the network platform analyzes the received data and then displays it on the platform, thus achieving the effect of remote monitoring. When the satellite communication data reporting also fails, the processed result data is saved and the secondary processing result data reporting work is carried out at an opportune time.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 3 , for the acoustic emission signal sampling ADC, the 12-bit successive approximation ADC built into the microprocessor STM32F750 is used. Its sampling rate can reach up to 2.4MHz, and the sampling voltage input range is between. The circuit of its signal conditioning part includes a DC blocking / impedance matching circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and a signal bias adjustment circuit.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 4 , as the power supply circuit for the analog acquisition circuit, it provides a ±24V power supply voltage and a 200V polarization voltage for the acoustic emission sensor; it provides a ±5V power supply voltage required for the signal conditioning part circuit; it provides a 3.3V working voltage for the digital part circuit.

[0048] HAW10-220D24B7 is selected to provide a ±24V power supply voltage for the acoustic emission sensor. The input voltage range of the module is 85V - 256V AC voltage, the power is 10W, the conversion efficiency is 82%, and the output voltage accuracy is ±1.0%; a boost module with an input voltage of 5V and an adjustable output voltage range is selected to provide a 200V polarization voltage; HDW5-D24A1 is selected to provide a ±5V power supply voltage for the signal conditioning circuit. The input voltage of the module is ±24V, the output voltage accuracy is ±1.0%, and the conversion efficiency is 80%; the ET117 voltage regulator is used to provide a 3.3V power supply voltage for the digital circuit.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 5 , the MCU is externally equipped with an SDI interface and a DMA processor. The DMA is used for data transmission between the peripheral device and the memory to improve the data storage speed of the acoustic emission signal acquisition node.

[0050] Please refer toFigure 6 The MCU uses a high-precision NEO-6 GPS positioning and timing module to achieve node coordinate determination and time synchronization. The NEO-6 GPS has a positioning accuracy of up to 2.5 m in the horizontal direction, a time resolution of 30 ns, a supply voltage of 5.0 V ± 0.25 V DC voltage, a power consumption of 50 mA, and a communication method of GPS L1 1575.42 MHz C / A Code mode; when starting in cold start mode, the response change degree that the NEO-6 GPS can capture is -148 dBm, the response change degree obtained is -160 dBm, and the response change degree during tracking is -162 dBm; the communication channel between the NEO-6 GPS and the controller is the UART interface.

[0051] The circuit of the NEO-6 GPS consists of three modules: EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), LDO (Low Dropout Regulator), and NEO-6.

[0052] Compared with the monitoring direction angle of traditional monitoring devices, the monitoring signal direction collected by this system is wider, with no dead angle from 0 to 360 degrees.

[0053] At the same time, the invisible sound waves generated by the landslide can be digitized, visually displayed, and compared through this application.

[0054] Finally, the multi-mode communication transmission technology uses satellite transmission when the signal is poor to improve the communication fault tolerance rate.

[0055] The second implementation method:

[0056] Figures 7-9 A signal collector is shown. The signal collector includes an outer protective case 1, and a collection unit 2 that is inserted into the outer protective case 1 and matches it. The collection unit 2 includes an integrated main body 201 that matches the shape of the outer protective case 1. Among them, the integrated main body 201 is equipped with structures such as an acoustic emission signal sampling ADC, an MCU, a 4G network module, and a satellite communication module. A plurality of sensor mounting grooves 202 are opened at the lower end of the integrated main body 201, and sensor main bodies 3 are respectively inserted into the plurality of sensor mounting grooves 202. The plurality of sensor main bodies 3 perform the collection work of acoustic generation signals, and a plurality of acoustic detection units 203 are fixedly connected to the lower end of the integrated main body 201.

[0057] As Figure 7As shown, in the present application, the lower half of the outer protective shell 1 is buried in a straight line on the ground for collecting sound generation signals. At the same time, the presence of the sound detection unit 203 can regularly detect the working status of multiple sensor bodies 3. Preset detection sound generation signals are pre-stored in the sensor body 3. During the working status detection process, multiple sound detection units 203 will generate preset detection sound generation signals. When the sensor body 3 detects the corresponding sound generation signal, the sensor body 3 is in a working state. When the sensor body 3 cannot detect the corresponding sound generation signal, the sensor body 3 is in an abnormal working state, and the sensor body 3 needs to be maintained or replaced. During the next maintenance of the signal collector, carry the corresponding number of sensor bodies 3 for maintenance work. When the number of sensor bodies 3 that need to be maintained or replaced reaches half of the total number of sensor bodies 3, the maintenance work of the signal collector needs to be carried out in advance to ensure that the signal collector is in a normal working state.

[0058] In addition, in the present application, different sound generation signals can be formed by turning on the sound detection units 203 at designated positions to increase the detection accuracy. Through the cooperation of multiple sound detection units 203, multiple detections can be carried out, increasing the detection samples and the detection accuracy.

[0059] Specifically, in the present application, for the convenience of display, each structure is not drawn strictly according to the ratio. Those skilled in the art can reasonably design the size and shape of each structure according to the prior art to meet the usage requirements of the present application. This is the common knowledge of those skilled in the art, so it is not disclosed in detail in the present application.

[0060] Please refer to Figures 9-11 , an alarm slot 204 is opened at the upper end of the integrated body 201. An alarm unit 4 is inserted into the alarm slot 204. The alarm unit 4 includes a cylindrical housing 401. A fixed ring 402 matching itself is rotatably connected to the upper opening of the cylindrical housing 401. A warning lamp bead 404 is placed in the cylindrical housing 401. The housing of the warning lamp bead 404 is made of transparent acrylic material. The warning lamp bead 404 is a fluorescent lamp. The lower end of the warning lamp bead 404 is fixedly connected to a mounting table 405. A starting spring 407 is fixedly connected between the mounting table 405 and the bottom plate of the cylindrical housing 401. An adsorption magnetic ring 406 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the cylindrical housing 401. The adsorption magnetic ring 406 adsorbs to the mounting table 405 in the energized state, and the adsorption magnetic ring 406 is sleeved outside the starting spring 407.

[0061] In this embodiment, a control and power supply module is arranged in the mounting table 405 for controlling the work of the warning lamp bead 404 and the mounting table 405 and supplying power. And an electromagnetic block is arranged at the lower end of the mounting table 405. When the sensor body 3 detects abnormal work, the alarm unit 4 corresponding to its position is activated. Please refer toFigure 12 , first, under the adsorption of the installation table 405 and the adsorption magnetic ring 406 in the energized state, the warning lamp bead 404 and the installation table 405 as a whole move downward, accumulating elastic potential energy for the starting spring 407. Then, the installation table 405 is powered off. Under the action of the starting spring 407, the prefabricated groove 403 breaks through the fixed ring 402 and extends to the outside of the cylindrical housing 401, and emits fluorescence. At the same time, under the action of the wind force in the external environment, the warning lamp bead 404 and the installation table 405 will shake. On the one hand, it is convenient for maintenance personnel to confirm the position of the sensor body 3 in the abnormal working state. On the other hand, a warning sign can be set near the signal collector to play a warning role for ordinary people, avoiding ordinary people from approaching the area with landslide risk further.

[0062] A plurality of prefabricated grooves 403 are radially and evenly distributed at the lower end of the fixed ring 402, reducing the structural strength of the fixed ring 402 and facilitating the warning lamp bead 404 to break through the fixed ring 402.

[0063] A first buffer rope 408 and a second buffer rope 409 are connected between the installation table 405 and the bottom plate of the cylindrical housing 401. The first buffer rope 408 is in a taut state, and the second buffer rope 409 is in a relaxed state. During the process of the starting spring 407 releasing elastic potential energy, the first buffer rope 408 and the second buffer rope 409 can be used as buffer members, and the elastic potential energy of the starting spring 407 is released by the breakage of the first buffer rope 408 and the second buffer rope 409, increasing the overall stability of the alarm unit 4.

[0064] Combined with the current actual requirements, the above-mentioned implementation manner adopted in this application, the protection scope is not limited to this. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes made without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology, characterized by: It includes a sound generating sensor, the sound generating sensor signal is connected to a signal collector, the signal collector signal is connected to a signal base station, and the signal base station signal is connected to a monitoring platform; The signal base station includes ground signal base station and satellite channel; Its workflow mainly includes: The signal captured by the sound sensor is sent to the ADC analog-to-digital conversion chip to become a digital signal, and the digitized waveform signal is transmitted to the MCU using the SPI communication method. Then, the calculation module in the MCU is used in conjunction with the FPGA algorithm to obtain the characteristic parameters of the waveform, such as the peak and number, rise time, duration, ring count, energy, etc. At the same time, the on-chip SDMMC is used to store data in the SD card, and the library function in the MCU is used to establish a fat file system. The MCU performs calculations internally to convert the data into a network communication format package, which is transmitted to the Internet through the 4G network module. The return value is used to determine whether the report is successful. When the data upload fails, the communication mode is changed to satellite communication. Finally, the network platform parses the received data and displays it on the platform. When the satellite communication data report also fails, the processing result data is saved, and the secondary processing result data is reported when the opportunity arises.

2. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal acquisition instrument includes an acoustic emission signal sampling ADC, which utilizes a 12-bit successive approximation ADC built into the microprocessor STM32F750. The circuit of the signal conditioning part includes a DC isolation / impedance matching circuit, a signal amplification circuit, and a signal bias adjustment circuit.

3. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal acquisition instrument includes an analog acquisition circuit, whose power supply circuit provides a ±24V power supply voltage and a 200V polarization voltage for the sound generating sensor, provides a ±5V power supply voltage for the signal conditioning circuit, and provides a 3.3V operating voltage for the digital circuit.

4. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal acquisition instrument comprises an MCU, and the MCU is externally provided with an SDI interface and a DMA processor.

5. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The MCU adopts a high-precision NEO-6GPS positioning and timing module to realize node coordinate determination and time synchronization. The positioning accuracy of NEO-6GPS in the horizontal direction can reach 2.5m, and the time resolution can reach 30ns. The power supply voltage of the module is a DC voltage of 5.0V±0.25V, and the power consumption is 50mA. When the cold start mode is adopted, the response change degree that NEO-6GPS can capture is -148dBm, the response change degree that is obtained is -160dBm, and the response change degree that is tracked is -162dBm. The channel for NEO-6GPS to communicate with the controller is the UART interface. The circuit of NEO-6GPS is composed of three modules: EEPROM, LDO and NEO-6.

6. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The signal acquisition instrument comprises an outer protective shell (1), a collection unit (2) matching the outer protective shell (1) is inserted into the outer protective shell (1), the collection unit (2) comprises an integrated body (201) matching the shape of the outer protective shell (1), a plurality of sensor installation grooves (202) are provided at the lower end of the integrated body (201), a plurality of sensor installation grooves (202) are respectively inserted into the plurality of sensor bodies (3), the plurality of sensor bodies (3) perform the work of collecting sound-generated signals, and a plurality of sound detection units (203) are fixedly connected to the lower end of the integrated body (201).

7. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 6 is characterized by: An alarm groove (204) is formed at the upper end of the integrated body (201), an alarm unit (4) is inserted into the alarm groove (204), the alarm unit (4) comprises a cylindrical shell (401), a fixed ring (402) matching the cylindrical shell (401) is rotatably connected to the upper opening of the cylindrical shell (401), a warning lamp bead (404) is placed in the cylindrical shell (401), the shell of the warning lamp bead (404) is made of transparent acrylic material, and the warning lamp bead (404) is a fluorescent lamp, the lower end of the warning lamp bead (404) is fixedly connected to a mounting platform (405), a starting spring (407) is fixedly connected between the mounting platform (405) and the bottom plate of the cylindrical shell (401), an adsorption magnetic ring (406) is fixedly connected to the bottom plate of the cylindrical shell (401), the adsorption magnetic ring (406) is adsorbed to the mounting platform (405) in the power-on state, and the adsorption magnetic ring (406) is sleeved on the outside of the starting spring (407).

8. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 7 is characterized by: The lower end of the fixed circular ring (402) is provided with a plurality of prefabricated grooves (403) evenly distributed in a radial shape.

9. The monitoring and positioning system based on landslide acoustic emission sensing technology according to claim 7 is characterized by: A buffer rope 1 (408) and a buffer rope 2 (409) are connected between the mounting platform (405) and the bottom plate of the columnar housing (401), wherein the buffer rope 1 (408) is in a taut state and the buffer rope 2 (409) is in a relaxed state.

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