Optical substrate and display device

Abstract

The invention provides an optical substrate and a display device, belongs to the technical field of display, and aims to improve 3D display crosstalk, the optical substrate comprises an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, and the optical substrate comprises a substrate; the alignment layer is arranged on one side of the substrate; the first liquid crystal layer is arranged on the side, away from the substrate, of the alignment layer; the light shielding layer comprises a plurality of light shielding strips, and the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules located on the two sides of the light shielding strips are different; the light shielding layer comprises a first light shielding layer or a second light shielding layer, the first light shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer, and the second light shielding layer is located on the side, away from the substrate, of the first liquid crystal layer or located on the side, away from the alignment layer, of the substrate. And under the condition that the optical substrate comprises the first shading layer, the surface, deviating from the substrate, of the alignment layer is a plane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of display technology, and particularly relates to an optical substrate and a display device. Background Art

[0002] 3D display technology is based on the principle of binocular parallax. The images displayed on the liquid crystal screen are separated into two images, and then the two images are independently sent into the left and right eyes of a person. The images from two different viewpoints are analyzed and processed by the brain to form a three-dimensional effect scene. Specifically, taking the pixel behavior of the display panel as a unit, the linearly polarized light of the same polarization state emitted from the odd and even pixel rows is respectively converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light; the viewer can wear circularly polarized light glasses, and the left and right lenses of the glasses can respectively transmit left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light. After passing through the circularly polarized light glasses, the left and right eyes can respectively recognize the images of the odd and even rows, thereby realizing the 3D stereoscopic effect.

[0003] However, in the current 3D display technology, the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized lights are not completely circular, but form elliptically polarized light, which allows light that should not be seen to enter a single eye, forming multiple images and causing a crosstalk problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an optical substrate and a display device, which are used to solve the crosstalk problem that easily occurs in 3D display technology.

[0005] In a first aspect of an embodiment of this application, an optical substrate is provided. The optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, and the optical substrate includes: A substrate; An alignment layer disposed on one side of the substrate; A first liquid crystal layer disposed on the side of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate; and A light-shielding layer, the light-shielding layer includes a plurality of light-shielding strips, and the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips are different; and The light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer or the second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer, the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer facing away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate facing away from the alignment layer, and when the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer, the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is a plane.

[0006] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes: A positioning layer, located between the substrate and the alignment layer, includes a plurality of positioning patterns, and the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at intervals at least along the column direction. The positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, the positioning patterns are located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of positioning patterns located in the effective light-transmitting area are arranged at intervals along the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction. In a possible implementation manner, in the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction, and the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the row direction. The row direction intersects with the column direction.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, at least some of the plurality of positioning patterns include: the spacing between two adjacent pairs of the positioning patterns is different.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner, at least part of the positioning pattern is located in the peripheral area, and the plurality of positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction. The row direction intersects with the column direction.

[0012] In a possible implementation manner, the positioning pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

[0013] In a possible implementation manner, the positive projection of the second light-shielding layer on the substrate at least partially covers the positive projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate.

[0014] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the material of the first light-shielding layer is a black metal material.

[0015] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

[0016] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes: A planarization layer, located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and a surface of the planarization layer close to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

[0017] In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a display device is further provided, including: a display panel including a plurality of pixels arranged in an array in a row direction and a column direction; and an optical substrate as described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, the optical substrate being located on the light-emitting side of the display panel, a first liquid crystal layer of the optical substrate being disposed close to the display panel, an effective light-transmitting region of the optical substrate at least partially covering a display region of the display panel, a light-shielding strip of the optical substrate having a positive projection on the display panel located between adjacent two rows of pixels, and the optical substrate being configured to convert linearly polarized light emitted from the display panel into circularly polarized light.

[0018] In a possible implementation manner, a second liquid crystal layer, an upper polarizer, and a color filter are sequentially stacked on the display panel along a light-emitting direction.

[0019] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer including a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals in a row direction, a distance between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged in the row direction being less than or equal to a row pixel pitch, and the row pixel pitch being a distance between two pixels arranged in the row direction of the display panel.

[0020] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer including a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals in a column direction, a distance between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged in the column direction being equal to a column pixel pitch, and the column pixel pitch being a distance between two pixels arranged in the column direction of the display panel.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: For the optical substrate and the display device proposed in the embodiments of the present application, the light-shielding layer (i.e., BM) in the optical substrate is improved. On the one hand, by providing a first light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the form of the BM (for example, reducing the thickness of the BM layer), the surface of the alignment layer on the side facing away from the substrate is made flatter, avoiding affecting the alignment of surrounding liquid crystal molecules, thereby reducing the influence of crosstalk. On the other hand, by providing a second light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the position of the BM, the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer facing away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate facing away from the alignment layer, separating the BM from the alignment layer, thereby avoiding the surface of the alignment layer being not flat enough due to the relatively thick BM, and further avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer, achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0022] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to better understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented according to the content of the specification. And in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present application are specifically exemplified below. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the related art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the related art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings. It should be noted that the ratios in the drawings are only for illustration and do not represent the actual ratios.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the display principle of a GPR 3D display technology in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an existing optical substrate in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical substrate in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second light-shielding layer in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of another structure of the second light-shielding layer in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a line-shaped positioning pattern in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a dot-shaped positioning pattern in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a randomly arranged positioning pattern in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of arranging a positioning layer in a peripheral area in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an improved display device in an embodiment of the present application; Description of the Drawings: Substrate 1, alignment layer 2, first liquid crystal layer 3, light-shielding layer 4; First light-shielding layer 401, second light-shielding layer 402, positioning layer 403; Optical substrate 100, display panel 200, optical transparent adhesive 300; The driving substrate 201, the second liquid crystal layer 202, the color filter 203, the transparent cover plate 204, and the upper polarizer 205. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0026] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type and do not limit the number of objects. For example, the first object can be one or at least two. In addition, "and / or" in the description and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally means an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0027] 3D imaging is generated by the visual difference between the two eyes of a person. There is generally a distance of about 6.5 cm between the two pupils of a person. When both eyes view an object at the same time, the left eye can see more content on the left side of the object, and the right eye can see more content on the right side of the object. Different images are formed on the retinas of the left and right eyes. After these two different images are integrated by the brain, the front, back, left, and right of the object can be distinguished, thus generating a stereoscopic vision. 3D display technology is based on the principle of binocular parallax. The images displayed on the liquid crystal screen are artificially separated into two images, and then the two images are independently sent to the left and right eyes of a person. The images from two different viewpoints are analyzed and processed by the brain to form a scene with stereoscopic effects such as left - right, up - down, and front - back. In 3D technology, the polarized 3D technology is further divided into linear polarized and circular polarized. The linear polarized type is prone to crosstalk, and the horizontal viewing angle is usually small; while the circular polarized type has a larger horizontal viewing angle, and multiple people can view the screen simultaneously within a larger angle range.

[0028] Currently, the 3D display technology mainly adopts the polarization splitting (Glass Pattern Retarder, GPR) 3D display technology, and the principle of this technology is as Figure 1 shown Figure 1The figure shows a schematic diagram of the display principle of a GPR 3D display technology. GPR takes the pixel rows of the Panel as units, and converts the linearly polarized light of the same polarization state emitted from the odd and even pixel rows of the Panel into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively. The viewer can wear circularly polarized glasses, and the left and right lenses of the glasses can transmit left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively. After passing through the circularly polarized glasses, the left and right eyes can respectively recognize the images of the odd and even rows on the Panel, thus realizing the 3D stereoscopic effect.

[0029] In the current GPR 3D display, due to the fact that the left- and right-handed circularly polarized lights are not completely perfect circles, crosstalk occurs. Specifically, in an ideal situation, the circularly polarized 3D display device emits left-handed and right-handed perfectly circularly polarized lights. However, in actual situations, due to reasons such as the manufacturing process, precision, and structural design, the emitted left-handed light and right-handed light are not completely circularly polarized lights, but form elliptically polarized lights, resulting in light that should not be seen entering a single eye and forming multiple images. Therefore, when actually viewing a 3D display device, crosstalk often occurs, manifested as the phenomenon of double images appearing on the 3D object.

[0030] In view of the above problems, the present application provides an optical substrate and a display device, and improves the light-shielding layer (i.e., BM) in the optical substrate. On the one hand, by setting a first light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the form of the BM (for example, reducing the thickness of the BM layer), the surface of the alignment layer on the side away from the substrate is made flatter, avoiding affecting the alignment of the surrounding liquid crystal molecules, thereby reducing the influence of crosstalk. On the other hand, by setting a second light-shielding layer, that is, changing the position of the BM, making the second light-shielding layer located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer, separating the BM from the alignment layer, thereby avoiding the surface of the alignment layer not being flat enough due to the relatively thick BM, and further avoiding affecting the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer, achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0031] In the first aspect of the present application, an optical substrate is proposed. The optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting region and a peripheral region, and the optical substrate includes: Substrate 1; Alignment layer 2, provided on one side of the substrate 1; First liquid crystal layer 3, provided on the side of the alignment layer 2 away from the substrate 1; and Light-shielding layer 4, the light-shielding layer 4 includes a plurality of light-shielding strips, and the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips are different; and The light-shielding layer 4 includes the first light-shielding layer 401 or the second light-shielding layer 402. The first light-shielding layer 401 is located between the substrate 1 and the alignment layer 2. The second light-shielding layer 402 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 3 away from the substrate 1 or on the side of the substrate 1 away from the alignment layer 2. And when the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer 401, the surface of the alignment layer 2 away from the substrate 1 is flat.

[0032] The optical substrate proposed in this embodiment can be applied to the GPR 3D display technology, combined with the GPR film and the 2D display panel to jointly achieve the 3D stereoscopic effect. Refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 FIG. shows a schematic structural diagram of an existing optical substrate. As shown in Figure 2 FIG. (a), the optical substrate is located on the light-emitting side of the 2D display panel, and the 2D display panel and the optical substrate are bonded by an optically clear adhesive (OCA). As shown in Figure 2 In the optical substrate shown, along the light-emitting direction of the 2D display panel, a liquid crystal layer (PLC in Figure 2 ), an alignment layer (PI in Figure 2 ), a black matrix layer (Black Matrix, BM), and a substrate (Glass in Figure 2 ) are stacked in sequence. As shown in Figure 2 FIG. (b) shows the orthographic projection of the BM layer on the substrate. In the related art, taking the pixel rows of the Panel as units, the BM is set as a plurality of light-shielding bars arranged in rows, and each light-shielding bar is located between two adjacent pixel rows to block the light in the non-pixel area, and linearly polarized light with the same polarization state emitted from the odd and even pixel rows of the Panel is respectively converted into left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light.

[0033] In this embodiment, the optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area. Among them, the effective light-transmitting area is also called the AA area, and the peripheral area is also called the non-AA area (Non-Active Area), which refers to the edge area of the display screen (such as the area where the frame, driving circuit area, etc. are located). The effective light-transmitting area corresponds to the effective area of the display screen that can display images, and is usually composed of a pixel array, including a pixel area and a non-pixel area. The pixel area is often composed of pixel rows arranged in rows, and the non-pixel area corresponds to the interval area between pixel rows, that is, the area covered by the BM shown in Figure 2 FIG. (b).

[0034] Optical substrates generally use the Ultra Violet twice Align (UV2A) technology to align the liquid crystal molecules (Polymerizable Liquid Crystal, PLC) in the first liquid crystal layer 3, so that the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strip are different, generating left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light respectively. In order to achieve the above alignment effect, a BM layer with sufficient thickness needs to be set. The BM not only plays the role of blocking light, but also plays a positioning role during the UV2A ultraviolet exposure process, so it is designed at the position closest to the substrate, that is, below the liquid crystal layer. However, a relatively high thickness of the BM layer will cause the surface of the alignment layer thereon to be uneven (as shown in Figure 2 ), and the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules highly depends on the flatness of the substrate surface and the uniformity of the alignment layer. The unevenness at the edge of the BM film layer will destroy the uniform arrangement of liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the edge of the relatively thick BM film layer will affect the alignment of the liquid crystal, resulting in the outgoing light at the edge not meeting the expectation and crosstalk occurring.

[0035] To solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application propose to improve the relevant structure or position of the BM layer. It is mainly divided into two cases: The first is to set the light-shielding layer as the first light-shielding layer 401, and keep the position of the first light-shielding layer 401 unchanged, that is, the first light-shielding layer 401 is located between the substrate 1 and the alignment layer 2. By changing the material, structure or other relevant hierarchical structures of the first light-shielding layer 401, the surface of the alignment layer 2 facing away from the substrate 1 is made flat. Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of an optical substrate. As shown in Figure 3 , a flat layer 403 is added between the first light-shielding layer 401 and the alignment layer 2, so as to make the surface of the alignment layer more flat, avoid affecting the alignment of surrounding liquid crystal molecules, and thus reduce the influence of crosstalk. The second is to set the light-shielding layer as the second light-shielding layer 402, thereby changing the position of the light-shielding layer. Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second light-shielding layer. As shown in Figure 4 , the second light-shielding layer 402 is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer 3 facing away from the substrate 1 (the light-shielding BM is made on the first liquid crystal layer, that is, the BM is made after the liquid crystal is made), or, referring to Figure 5 , Figure 5 shows another schematic structural diagram of a second light-shielding layer. As shown in Figure 5As shown in the figure, the second light-shielding layer 402 is located on the side of the substrate 1 away from the alignment layer 2 (the light-shielding BM is fabricated outside the GPR Glass), separating the BM from the alignment layer, preventing the protrusion of the BM from affecting the liquid crystal alignment (preventing the relatively thick BM from making the surface of the alignment layer uneven, and further preventing the alignment of liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer from being affected), and being able to block the light leakage caused by the in-plane tracking of the BM protrusion, achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk. Based on the above different improvement ideas, the optical substrate proposed in this application will be described in detail in Sections 1.1 - 1.3 below.

[0036] 1.1. The case where the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer.

[0037] In this embodiment, it is proposed that when the BM (light-shielding layer) includes the second light-shielding layer, the BM can be divided into two layers: one layer is the light-shielding BM (i.e., the second light-shielding layer) for blocking light, and the other layer is the tracking BM (i.e., the positioning layer) for UV2A tracking and positioning. After the tracking BM is fabricated, the light-shielding BM is not limited to being fabricated under the liquid crystal layer, so by changing the position of the light-shielding BM, the thickness of the BM between the alignment layer and the substrate is reduced, thereby flattening the alignment layer and achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0038] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes: A positioning layer, located between the substrate and the alignment layer, includes a plurality of positioning patterns, and the plurality of positioning patterns are at least arranged at intervals along the column direction, and the positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

[0039] As Figure 4 or Figure 5 shown, the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer 403, and the positioning layer 403 is used as a tracking BM to play a role in positioning and tracking. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns. Exemplarily, as shown in (b) of Figure 2 , each positioning pattern can be a long strip pattern, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, and each row is a complete long strip-shaped positioning pattern. Alternatively, the positioning pattern can be a line segment type, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, and each row can be composed of multiple line segments. In each row, the multiple line segments (positioning patterns) extend along the same row direction, and there is a certain distance between two adjacent line segments.

[0040] Since the second light-shielding layer (i.e., the light-shielding BM) needs to block the light in the non-pixel area, the thickness of the second light-shielding layer needs to be large enough, and the second light-shielding layer needs to cover the non-pixel area. While the positioning layer only needs to play a positioning role, compared with the second light-shielding layer, the thickness of the positioning layer can be smaller. Thus, when the positioning layer 403 is disposed between the substrate 1 and the alignment layer 2, the flatness of the alignment layer can be prevented from being affected by the thickness of the positioning layer.

[0041] In a possible implementation manner, the positive projection of the second light-shielding layer on the substrate at least partially covers the positive projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate. The positioning layer does not need to completely cover all positions of the non-pixel area.

[0042] For this positioning layer, this embodiment also proposes that improvements can be made to its preparation material, shape, etc. Hereinafter, the positioning layer proposed in this application will be described in detail in Sections 1.1.1-1.1.3.

[0043] 1.1.1. Change the preparation material of the positioning layer to an opaque conductive material.

[0044] In a possible implementation manner, the positioning pattern is located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

[0045] In the related art, resin materials are often used to make the BM layer to simultaneously achieve the functions of light shielding and positioning. In this embodiment, by splitting the BM layer into a positioning layer and a second light-shielding layer, the position of the second light-shielding layer is changed to other positions, which does not affect the flatness of the alignment layer. The positive projection of the second light-shielding layer on the driving substrate covers the non-pixel area in the effective light-transmitting area; the positioning layer is only used for tracking and positioning and is still located between the alignment layer and the substrate. The positive projection of the positioning layer on the driving substrate can partially cover the non-pixel area of the effective light-transmitting area. Thus, other materials can be used to prepare the positioning layer, and the problem of the large thickness of the BM layer prepared by resin materials can be solved. In this embodiment, the positioning layer can be prepared by using an opaque material. Further, an opaque conductive material can be used for preparation. The opaque conductive material can be an opaque metal-resin composite material or an opaque metal, such as chromium, chromium oxide, molybdenum-chromium alloy, etc.

[0046] In this case, the positive projection of the positioning layer 403 on the substrate 1 can be as Figure 2 shown in (b) of, having the same shape as the positive projection of the second light-shielding layer on the substrate 1, and being arranged in rows between pixel rows in the effective light-transmitting area to cover the non-pixel area.

[0047] Using an opaque conductive material to prepare the positioning layer can further reduce the thickness of the positioning layer, such that the thickness of the positioning layer is less than the thickness of the alignment layer, as Figure 4 or Figure 5 shown, so as to achieve the purpose of making the surface on the side of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate a flat surface, eliminating the influence on the alignment direction of surrounding liquid crystal molecules caused by the BM protrusion, and achieving the purpose of eliminating crosstalk.

[0048] 1.1.2. Change the shape of the positioning layer.

[0049] The shape of the alignment layer may be different from that of the second light-shielding layer, and it does not need to be a strip pattern arranged row by row that completely covers the non-pixel region. The alignment layer includes a plurality of alignment patterns. In this embodiment, it is proposed that the alignment patterns be arranged in rows and columns. To ensure that UV2A can be tracked, alignment patterns need to be arranged at least at both ends of each row.

[0050] In a possible implementation manner, a plurality of alignment patterns located in the effective light-transmitting region are arranged at intervals in the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction. Herein, the row direction refers to the extension direction of the non-pixel region arranged row by row, and this alignment pattern is located in the non-pixel region.

[0051] In a possible implementation manner, in the row direction, the width of the alignment pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent alignment patterns. Specifically, the width of the alignment pattern refers to the distance between the two farthest endpoints of the alignment pattern in the row direction. The smaller the gap width between two adjacent alignment patterns, the denser the alignment patterns are, and the better the alignment effect is.

[0052] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of alignment patterns are arranged at equal intervals in the column direction, and the plurality of alignment patterns are arranged at equal intervals in the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction.

[0053] In a possible implementation manner, the alignment pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

[0054] Specifically, referring to Figure 6 , Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a line-shaped alignment pattern, Figure 6 which is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the alignment pattern on the substrate. As shown in Figure 6 , the alignment pattern can be a strip pattern. A strip pattern refers to a long strip-shaped pattern with a certain width, and it can also be a line-shaped pattern. That is, the orthographic projection of the alignment pattern on the substrate is a strip pattern. A plurality of strip patterns are arranged at equal intervals in the same row direction in each non-pixel region of each row. The width of this alignment pattern (i.e., the length of the line shape) is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, and there is at least one 0.3-mm strip pattern every 3 mm in the row direction. The gap width between two adjacent alignment patterns in each row is defined according to the pixel width, and there is no clear width limit. The pixel width can be realized between 50 μm and 2 mm. By replacing the original in-plane straight BM with a line-shaped alignment pattern, the influence of the BM protrusion on the liquid crystal alignment can be reduced.

[0055] Or, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a dot-shaped alignment pattern, Figure 7 which is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the alignment pattern on the substrate. AsFigure 7 As shown, the positioning pattern can be a dot pattern, and multiple dot patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the same row direction in each row of the non-pixel region. The width of the dot pattern can be such that the total length of the dot patterns within every 3 mm is at least greater than 0.3 mm. The gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns in each row is defined according to the pixel width, and there is no clear width limit. The pixel width can be achieved within the range of 50 μm to 2 mm. By changing the original in-plane straight-line-shaped BM to dots, a smaller in-plane tracking BM can be achieved.

[0056] In a possible implementation manner, at least among the multiple positioning patterns: the distances between at least two pairs of adjacent positioning patterns are different.

[0057] Referring to Figure 8 , Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of a positioning pattern arranged irregularly. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate. As Figure 8 shown, the positioning pattern can be in the shape of a line segment (or other shapes), and the positioning patterns in each row are randomly distributed (the distances between two pairs of adjacent positioning patterns are different), thereby reducing the interference phenomenon between the BM in the optical substrate and the BM in the 2D display panel.

[0058] 1.1.3. Change the position of the positioning layer.

[0059] In a possible implementation manner, at least part of the positioning pattern is located in the peripheral area, and the multiple positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction.

[0060] Specifically, referring to Figure 9 , Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of arranging the positioning layer in the peripheral area. As Figure 9 shown, Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate. As Figure 9 shown, the positioning layer is arranged in the peripheral area (i.e., the non-AA area), thereby reducing the contact with the alignment layer and avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules. To ensure the effect of tracking and positioning, positioning patterns need to be arranged on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along the row direction (as Figure 9 shown).

[0061] 1.2. Change the material of the first light-shielding layer.

[0062] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the material of the first light-shielding layer is a black metal material.

[0063] Specifically, in the related art, resin-based materials are often used to fabricate the BM layer to simultaneously achieve the functions of light shielding and positioning. However, the light-shielding layer made of resin-based materials often has a relatively large thickness. In this embodiment, it is proposed to replace the resin-based material with a black metal material, which can reduce the thickness of the fabricated light-shielding layer (i.e., the first light-shielding layer). The black metal material is any one of the following: chromium, chromium oxide, nickel, titanium, and tungsten. Currently, the thickness of the resin-based BM is 0.8 um (8000 Å), and using black metal to make the first light-shielding layer can reduce its thickness to about 0.05 um (500 Å). Under this condition, an alignment layer with a thickness of 0.095 um (950 Å) can be evenly coated to ensure that the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is flat.

[0064] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

[0065] Specifically, while reducing the thickness of the first light-shielding layer, the thickness of the alignment layer is controlled so that the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer, thereby ensuring that the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is flat and avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal layer, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0066] 1.3 Add a planarization layer.

[0067] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes: A planarization layer, the planarization layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and the surface of the planarization layer close to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

[0068] As Figure 3 shown, in this embodiment, a planarization layer (Over Coat, OC) is added between the alignment layer and the first light-shielding layer. The material of the planarization layer can be a conventional transparent photoresist used to planarize the height difference between layers. Make the thickness of the planarization layer greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer, thereby ensuring that the surface of the planarization layer close to the first liquid crystal layer is flat to reduce the influence of BM protrusions on liquid crystal alignment.

[0069] In summary, when manufacturing an optical substrate using the UV2A technology, a BM film layer is added. On the one hand, BM is used for positioning and tracking. On the other hand, the vertical viewing angle of 3D display is increased by BM light shielding. However, BM itself has a certain thickness, which will cause uneven liquid crystal alignment in the vicinity, resulting in a larger crosstalk in 3D display. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application propose various solutions to improve BM to eliminate crosstalk. Specifically, the embodiments of the present application improve the light-shielding layer (i.e., BM) in the optical substrate. On the one hand, by setting the first light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the form of BM (for example, using OC to planarize the uneven BM layer; or by changing the material of BM to make BM thinner), the surface of the alignment layer facing away from the substrate is made flatter, avoiding affecting the alignment of surrounding liquid crystal molecules, thereby reducing the influence of crosstalk. On the other hand, by setting the second light-shielding layer, that is, by changing the position of BM, the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer facing away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate facing away from the alignment layer, separating BM from the alignment layer, thereby avoiding the surface of the alignment layer being not flat enough due to the relatively thick BM, and further avoiding affecting the alignment of liquid crystal molecules around the alignment layer, achieving the purpose of reducing crosstalk.

[0070] The second aspect of the embodiments of the present application also provides a display device, referring to Figure 10 , Figure 10 which shows a schematic structural diagram of a display device. As Figure 10 shown, it includes: a display panel 200, the display panel including a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along the row direction and the column direction; and an optical substrate 100 as described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, the optical substrate 100 being located on the light-emitting side of the display panel 200, the first liquid crystal layer 3 of the optical substrate being disposed close to the display panel 200, the effective light-transmitting area of the optical substrate at least partially covering the display area of the display panel, and the light-shielding stripes of the optical substrate being orthogonally projected on the display panel between adjacent two rows of pixels, the optical substrate being used to convert the linearly polarized light emitted by the display panel into circularly polarized light.

[0071] In this embodiment, the optical substrate is combined with a 2D display panel to achieve a 3D display effect. Among them, as Figure 10 shown, the optical substrate 100 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 200, and the two are combined through an optical transparent adhesive 300. In the optical substrate, a first liquid crystal layer 3, an alignment layer 2, and a substrate 1 are sequentially stacked along the light-emitting direction. When the optical substrate includes a first light-shielding layer 401, the first light-shielding layer 401 is located between the alignment layer 2 and the substrate 1 (as Figure 10 shown). When the optical substrate includes a second light-shielding layer 402, a positioning layer is further included, and the positioning layer is located between the alignment layer and the substrate (as Figure 4 orFigure 5 as shown), and the second light-shielding layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the optical transparent adhesive, or on the side of the substrate facing away from the display panel.

[0072] In a possible implementation manner, the display panel is stacked in sequence along the light-emitting direction with: a second liquid crystal layer, an upper polarizer, and a color filter.

[0073] The calculation formula for the crosstalk value of the display device is: , where L B represents the background light luminance (i.e., the luminance of the image light of the other eye received in one eye), and L BB represents the black state luminance (i.e., the luminance when the display is completely turned off), and L W represents the white state luminance (i.e., the luminance when the display shows a full-white image). The unexpected outgoing light will cause L B to increase, ultimately making the crosstalk value of the display device larger. In this embodiment, it is proposed to reduce or even avoid the influence of the BM on the liquid crystal alignment by changing the structural design of the GPR, thereby reducing the crosstalk value.

[0074] Specifically, for a display device, when the vertical viewing angle increases, the optical rotation of one row will gradually cross the light-shielding layer BM and enter another row, resulting in a sharp increase in the crosstalk value after a specific angle. Therefore, a smaller crosstalk value is often only limited within a specific viewing angle. This viewing angle is related to the distance between the liquid crystal layers of the 2D display panel and the optical substrate. The smaller this distance is, the larger this viewing angle is. And the crosstalk calculation distance is usually: the thickness of the transparent cover plate (CFglass) of the display panel - the upper polarizer (upper POL) - the optical transparent adhesive (OCA) between the two - the first liquid crystal layer (PLC) of the optical substrate. The larger the thickness is, the smaller the viewing angle is.

[0075] Figure 10 The display panel 200 in [] is the structure of an existing display panel, that is, it is stacked in sequence along the light-emitting direction with: a driving substrate 201, a second liquid crystal layer 202, a color filter 203, a transparent cover plate 204, and an upper polarizer 205. In order to increase the viewing angle and further reduce crosstalk, the embodiments of the present application propose to improve the structure between the display panel and the optical substrate to shorten the above distance, so that a smaller crosstalk value exists within a larger viewing angle, improving the viewing experience. Specifically, referring to Figure 11 , Figure 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of an improved display device, as shown in Figure 11As shown, along the light-emitting direction, in the display panel, a driving substrate 201, a second liquid crystal layer 202, an upper polarizer 205, a color filter 203, and a transparent cover plate 204 are stacked in sequence. Thus, in this embodiment, by changing the position of the upper polarizer and fabricating the upper polarizer between the CF and the LC, the purpose of thinning is achieved. Utilizing the flat color resist film surface of the OC, the crosstalk calculation distance will be significantly reduced to the thickness of the OC-PLC, which is usually only a few micrometers. The GPR BM can remain unchanged and is still fabricated inside the Glass. Among them, Figure 10 and Figure 11 The structure of the optical substrate 100 in [reference] only represents an example. It should be noted that the structure of the display panel 200 can be combined with the structure of the optical substrate 100 in each of the embodiments proposed in the first aspect, which will not be elaborated here.

[0076] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the row direction. The distance between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the row direction is less than or equal to the row pixel pitch, and the row pixel pitch is the distance between two pixels arranged along the row direction of the display panel.

[0077] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the positioning pattern can be a strip pattern (line segment shape), that is, the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate is a line segment shape pattern. A plurality of line segment shape patterns are arranged at intervals along the same row direction in each non-pixel area. The distance between two adjacent positioning patterns is equal to the row pixel pitch. By replacing the original in-plane straight-line BM with a line segment-shaped positioning pattern, the influence of the BM protrusion on the liquid crystal alignment can be reduced.

[0078] Alternatively, as Figure 7 shown, the positioning pattern can be a dot pattern. A plurality of dot patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the same row direction in each non-pixel area. The distance between two adjacent positioning patterns is less than the row pixel pitch. By replacing the original in-plane straight-line-shaped BM with dots, a smaller in-plane tracking BM can be achieved.

[0079] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and the optical substrate further includes a positioning layer. The positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along the column direction. The distance between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to the column pixel pitch, and the column pixel pitch is the distance between two pixels arranged along the column direction of the display panel.

[0080] Specifically, the positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns. Exemplarily, as Figure 2As shown in (b) of , each positioning pattern can be a strip-shaped pattern, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, and each row can be a complete strip-shaped positioning pattern. Alternatively, the positioning pattern can be a line segment type, arranged in multiple rows along the column direction, and each row can be composed of multiple line segments. In each row, the multiple line segments (positioning patterns) extend along the same row direction, and there is a certain spacing between two adjacent line segments. The spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to the column pixel pitch, that is, the spacing between any two adjacent rows is the same, all being the column pixel pitch, that is, positioning patterns are provided between any two adjacent rows of pixels.

[0081] In a possible implementation manner, the optical substrate includes an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, and the optical substrate includes: A substrate; An alignment layer disposed on one side of the substrate; A first liquid crystal layer disposed on the side of the alignment layer away from the substrate; and A light-shielding layer, the light-shielding layer includes a plurality of light-shielding strips, and the azimuth angles of liquid crystal molecules on both sides of the light-shielding strips are different; and The light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer or the second light-shielding layer. The first light-shielding layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer, and the second light-shielding layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer. And when the optical substrate includes the first light-shielding layer, the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate is a plane.

[0082] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the second light-shielding layer, and further includes: A positioning layer located between the substrate and the alignment layer, including a plurality of positioning patterns, and the plurality of positioning patterns are at least arranged at intervals along the column direction. The positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of attaching the optical substrate to the display side of the display panel.

[0083] In a possible implementation manner, the positioning patterns are located in the effective light-transmitting area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

[0084] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of positioning patterns located in the effective light-transmitting area are arranged at intervals along the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction. In a possible implementation manner, in the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the gap width between two adjacent positioning patterns.

[0085] In a possible implementation manner, the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction, and the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction.

[0086] In a possible implementation manner, at least among the multiple positioning patterns: the distances between at least two pairs of adjacent positioning patterns are different.

[0087] In a possible implementation manner, at least part of the positioning pattern is located in the peripheral area, and the multiple positioning patterns are located on opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area in the row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction.

[0088] In a possible implementation manner, the positioning pattern includes: a strip pattern and / or a dot pattern.

[0089] In a possible implementation manner, the positive projection of the second light-shielding layer on the substrate at least partially covers the positive projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate.

[0090] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the material of the first light-shielding layer is a black metal material.

[0091] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light-shielding layer.

[0092] In a possible implementation manner, the light-shielding layer includes the first light-shielding layer, and further includes: A flat layer, the flat layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light-shielding layer, and one surface of the flat layer close to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

[0093] In current GPR 3D displays, due to the fact that the left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized lights are not completely perfect circles, crosstalk occurs. The embodiments of the present application provide various structural designs for reducing 3D display crosstalk. On the one hand, the crosstalk value is reduced by changing the form (corresponding to the first light-shielding layer) and position (corresponding to the second light-shielding layer) of the BM; on the other hand, by reducing the distance between the 2D display panel and the optical substrate, the viewing angle is increased, so that a smaller crosstalk value exists within a larger viewing angle, improving the viewing experience.

[0094] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner. The key point of each embodiment is the difference from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0095] Finally, it should also be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, commodity or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device comprising the element.

[0096] The above has introduced in detail an optical substrate and a display device provided by the present application. Specific examples are used in this text to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of the present application and include common general knowledge or conventional technical means in the technical field not disclosed in the present application. The specification and embodiments are only regarded as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are pointed out by the following claims.

[0098] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact structures described above and shown in the drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present application is only limited by the appended claims.

[0099] As used herein, the terms "an embodiment", "embodiment" or "one or more embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present application. In addition, please note that the examples of the phrase "in one embodiment" herein do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0100] In the specification provided herein, a large number of specific details are set forth. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and technologies have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0101] In a claim, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present application can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim listing several devices, several of these devices may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc. does not denote any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An optical substrate, characterized in that: The optical substrate comprises an effective light-transmitting area and a peripheral area, and the optical substrate comprises: substrate; An alignment layer, disposed on one side of the substrate; A first liquid crystal layer is disposed on a side of the alignment layer away from the substrate; and A light shielding layer, the light shielding layer comprising a plurality of light shielding strips, the azimuth angles of the liquid crystal molecules located on both sides of the light shielding strips being different; and The shading layer includes the first shading layer or the second shading layer, the first shading layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer, the second shading layer is located on the side of the first liquid crystal layer away from the substrate or on the side of the substrate away from the alignment layer, and when the optical substrate includes the first shading layer, the surface of the alignment layer away from the substrate is flat.

2. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding layer includes the second light shielding layer, and further includes: The positioning layer is located between the substrate and the alignment layer, and includes a plurality of positioning patterns, wherein the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at intervals at least along a column direction, and the positioning patterns are used to position the optical substrate during the process of bonding the optical substrate to the display side of a display panel.

3. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning pattern is located in the effective light transmission area, and the material of the positioning layer includes an opaque conductive material.

4. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of positioning patterns located in the effective light transmission area are arranged at intervals along a row direction, and the row direction intersects with the column direction.

5. The optical substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the row direction, the width of the positioning pattern is greater than or equal to the width of a gap between two adjacent positioning patterns.

6. The optical substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along a column direction, and the plurality of positioning patterns are arranged at equal intervals along a row direction, and the row direction intersects the column direction.

7. The optical substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of positioning patterns at least include: the spacings between two adjacent pairs of the positioning patterns are different.

8. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning pattern is at least partially located in the peripheral area, and the plurality of positioning patterns are located on two opposite sides of the effective light-transmitting area along a row direction, and the row direction intersects the column direction.

9. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning pattern includes: a stripe pattern and / or a dot pattern.

10. The optical substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the second light shielding layer on the substrate at least partially covers the orthographic projection of the positioning pattern on the substrate.

11. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding layer includes the first light shielding layer, and the material of the first light shielding layer is a ferrous metal material.

12. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding layer includes the first light shielding layer, and the thickness of the alignment layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the first light shielding layer.

13. The optical substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding layer includes the first light shielding layer, and further includes: A flat layer is located between the first liquid crystal layer and the first light shielding layer, and a surface of the flat layer close to the first liquid crystal layer is a flat surface.

14. A display device, comprising: A display panel, the display panel comprising a plurality of pixels arranged in an array along a row direction and a column direction; as well as The optical substrate as described in any one of claims 1-13, wherein the optical substrate is located on the light-emitting side of the display panel, the first liquid crystal layer of the optical substrate is arranged close to the display panel, the effective light-transmitting area of ​​the optical substrate at least partially covers the display area of ​​the display panel, the orthographic projection of the shading strip of the optical substrate on the display panel is located between two adjacent rows of pixels, and the optical substrate is used to convert linearly polarized light emitted by the display panel into circularly polarized light.

15. The display device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The display panel is sequentially stacked with: a second liquid crystal layer, an upper polarizer and a color filter along the light emitting direction.

16. The display device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The shading layer includes the second shading layer, and the optical substrate also includes a positioning layer, the positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along a row direction, and a spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the row direction is less than or equal to a row pixel spacing, and the row pixel spacing is a distance between two pixels arranged along the row direction of the display panel.

17. The display device according to claim 14, characterized in that: The shading layer includes the second shading layer, and the optical substrate also includes a positioning layer, the positioning layer includes a plurality of positioning patterns arranged at intervals along a column direction, and a spacing between two adjacent positioning patterns arranged along the column direction is equal to a column pixel spacing, and the column pixel spacing is a distance between two pixels of the display panel arranged along the column direction.

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