Real-time electricity utilization carbon emission accounting method and device considering green electricity and green certificate transaction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, in particular to a real-time electricity utilization carbon emission accounting method and device considering green electricity and green certificate transactions, and the method comprises the steps: splitting trends for medium and long term and spot transactions in a scene that a user purchases green electricity, quantifying the responsibility of carbon emission, and determining the carbon emission of the user in different transaction forms; when a user purchases the green certificate, a first deduction amount is determined according to the purchase amount and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the first deduction amount is transferred to the electricity utilization carbon emission in the green certificate selling period so as to reasonably distribute the carbon emission responsibility; and meanwhile, the transaction power flow is split to calculate natural power flow distribution of non-transaction power and corresponding carbon emission factors, so that the power consumption carbon emission of the power consumer in the target time period can be calculated in real time. Therefore, the problems that the green electricity market, the green certificate market and the carbon emission market are mutually independent and lack of an effective connection mechanism, so that the carbon emission deduction rule of the green electricity and the green certificate is blurred, and the repeated calculation risk of environmental benefits is remarkable in the related technology are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of carbon emission accounting, and particularly to a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method and device considering green electricity and green certificate trading. Background Art

[0002] In the related art, under the guidance of promoting the low-carbon transformation of the power system, the environmental value of green electricity (green power) and green electricity certificates (green certificates) has become increasingly prominent. They can not only offset the carbon emissions of power generation, but also be used to offset the indirect carbon emissions of user electricity consumption, becoming a key means to achieve emission reduction. Some methods simply regard the green electricity usage as zero carbon emissions, and most accounting methods are based on annual data.

[0003] However, in the related art, simply regarding the green electricity usage as zero carbon emissions ignores the dynamic characteristics of green electricity trading and the need for real-time carbon emission accounting. The accounting method based on annual data has obvious time lag and poor accuracy, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of real-time carbon emission accounting. To sum up, currently, the green electricity market, green certificate market and carbon emission market in China are independent of each other, lacking an effective connection mechanism, resulting in unclear carbon emission offset rules for green electricity and green certificates, and a significant risk of double counting of environmental benefits, which urgently needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method and device considering green electricity and green certificate trading to solve the problem in the related art that the green electricity market, green certificate market and carbon emission market are independent of each other, lacking an effective connection mechanism, resulting in unclear carbon emission offset rules for green electricity and green certificates, and a significant risk of double counting of environmental benefits.

[0005] The first aspect embodiment of this application provides a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading, including the following steps: in the scenario of a user purchasing green electricity, perform power flow splitting and quantification of carbon emission responsibilities for medium- and long-term trading and spot trading to determine the user's carbon emissions under different trading forms; in the scenario of a user purchasing green certificates, determine the first carbon emission offset amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the user and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and transfer the first carbon emission offset amount to the electricity consumption carbon emissions during the period when the green certificates are sold to reasonably allocate carbon emission responsibilities; split the trading power flow from the actual physical power flow to calculate the natural power flow distribution of non-traded electricity and the corresponding carbon emission factor, so as to perform real-time accounting of the electricity consumption carbon emissions of power users during the target period.

[0006] Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application can accurately split the power flow and quantify the carbon emission responsibility in the scenario where users purchase green electricity, clearly distinguish the carbon emissions of users in medium- and long-term and spot transactions, and make the accounting more accurate. In the scenario where users purchase green certificates, the deduction amount is determined according to the number of green certificates and factors and transferred reasonably, effectively avoiding double counting of environmental benefits and ensuring fair and reasonable responsibility allocation. By splitting the trading power flow to calculate the non-trading electricity parameters for real-time accounting, the timeliness and accuracy of carbon emission accounting are greatly improved, providing solid data support and a scientific decision-making basis for the low-carbon development of the power system.

[0007] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, it further includes: in the scenario where a power generator purchases green certificates, determining a second carbon emission deduction amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the power generator and the corresponding carbon emission factors, and transferring the second carbon emission deduction amount to users who have lost the green electricity attribute, so that the total carbon emissions in the system reach balance.

[0008] Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application can lay a foundation for subsequent scientific regulation by accurately determining the second carbon emission deduction amount based on the number of purchased green certificates and the corresponding carbon emission factors, transfer this deduction amount to users who have lost the green electricity attribute, and realize the reasonable transfer and accurate reallocation of carbon emission responsibility within the system. It effectively avoids the problems of chaotic carbon emission accounting and double counting, ensures the accurate balance of the total system carbon emissions, and maintains the stability of the system's carbon revenue and expenditure.

[0009] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the expression of the first carbon emission deduction amount is:

[0010]

[0011] Where is the carbon emission deduction for user j purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n at time t, is the number of green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n at time t', is the carbon emission factor of user j's non-trading electricity at time t;

[0012] The expression of the second carbon emission deduction amount is:

[0013]

[0014] Where is the carbon emission deduction for power plant i purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n at time t, ε Gi is the carbon emission factor of power plant i, is the number of green certificates purchased by power plant i from new energy power plant n at time t.

[0015] Through the above technical solutions, in the scenario where users purchase green certificates in this application embodiment, the first carbon emission offset amount expression closely associates carbon emission offset with the green certificate purchase quantity and the carbon emission factor of non-traded electricity, accurately reflecting the carbon emission offset degree of users at different time periods and providing a reliable basis for the fair distribution of carbon emission responsibilities. When power generators purchase green certificates, the second carbon emission offset amount expression skillfully combines the carbon emission factor of power plants with the green certificate purchase quantity, clearly defining the carbon emission offset scale of power generators and effectively balancing the total system carbon emissions.

[0016] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, the expression for the electricity carbon emissions is as follows:

[0017]

[0018] where E Lj,t is the electricity carbon emissions of electricity user j at time period t, is the non-traded load power of user j at time period t, is the decomposed load power of medium- and long-term transaction y of user j at time period t at time period t, is the load power of the spot transaction of user j at time period t at time period t, Δt is the unit accounting time interval for real-time carbon accounting, Y Lj is the set of medium- and long-term transaction contracts of user j, Z Lj is the "separation of certificates and electricity" green certificate trading set of user j, is the carbon emission factor vector of non-traded electricity, is the power generation carbon emission factor of unit k under electricity contract y at time period t, is the average carbon emission factor of the electricity traded by user j in the spot market at time period t, is the carbon emission offset from the green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n at time period t.

[0019] Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of this application can comprehensively consider various electricity consumption situations of electricity users at time period t, accurately integrate the non-traded load power, the decomposed load powers of medium- and long-term and spot transactions, and combine the corresponding carbon emission factors. After weighted calculation by the unit accounting time interval, the electricity carbon emissions are accurately quantified. At the same time, the green certificate trading offset amount is deducted, taking into account the impacts of green electricity and green certificate trading. This solution constructs a complete and accurate carbon emission accounting framework, provides a solid scientific support for the carbon emission management of the power system, greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of carbon emission accounting, and strongly promotes the low-carbon and efficient development of the power industry.

[0020] The second aspect of the present application provides a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device considering green electricity and green certificate trading, including: a user green electricity trading module, which is used to split the power flow and quantify the carbon emission responsibility for medium- and long-term trading and spot trading in the scenario of a user purchasing green electricity, so as to determine the carbon emissions of the user under different trading forms; a user green certificate trading module, which is used to determine the first carbon emission deduction amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the user and the corresponding carbon emission factors in the scenario of a user purchasing green certificates, and transfer the first carbon emission deduction amount to the electricity consumption carbon emissions during the period when the green certificates are sold, so as to reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility; a non-trading module, which is used to split the trading power flow from the actual physical power flow, so as to calculate the natural power flow distribution of non-traded electricity and the corresponding carbon emission factors, and perform real-time accounting of the electricity consumption carbon emissions of power users during the target period.

[0021] Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application can accurately split the power flow and quantify the carbon emission responsibility in the scenario of a user purchasing green electricity, clearly distinguish the carbon emissions of the user in medium- and long-term trading and spot trading, and make the accounting more accurate. In the scenario of a user purchasing green certificates, determine the deduction amount according to the number of green certificates and factors and transfer it reasonably, effectively avoiding double counting of environmental benefits, and ensuring fair and reasonable responsibility allocation. By splitting the trading power flow to calculate the parameters of non-traded electricity, real-time accounting is realized, greatly improving the timeliness and accuracy of carbon emission accounting, and providing solid data support and scientific decision-making basis for the low-carbon development of the power system.

[0022] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, it further includes: a power generator green certificate trading module, which is used to determine the second carbon emission deduction amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the power generator and the corresponding carbon emission factors in the scenario of a power generator purchasing green certificates, and transfer the second carbon emission deduction amount to the users who have lost the green electricity attribute, so as to achieve a balance in the total carbon emissions within the system.

[0023] Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application can accurately determine the second carbon emission deduction amount based on the number of purchased green certificates and the corresponding carbon emission factors, laying a foundation for subsequent scientific regulation. Transfer this deduction amount to the users who have lost the green electricity attribute, realizing the reasonable transfer and accurate reallocation of carbon emission responsibility within the system. Effectively avoiding the problems of chaotic carbon emission accounting and double counting, ensuring the accurate balance of the total system carbon emissions and maintaining the stability of the system's carbon revenue and expenditure.

[0024] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the expression of the first carbon emission deduction amount is:

[0025]

[0026] Where is the carbon emission deduction for user j purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n at time t, The quantity of green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n during period t'. The carbon emission factor of the non-traded electricity volume of user j during period t.

[0027] The expression of the second carbon emission offset is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Wherein, is the carbon emission offset for power plant i purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, and ε Gi is the carbon emission factor of power plant i, is the quantity of green certificates purchased by power plant i from new energy power plant n during period t.

[0030] Through the above technical solutions, in the scenario of users purchasing green certificates in this application embodiment, the expression of the first carbon emission offset closely associates the carbon emission offset with the quantity of green certificates purchased and the carbon emission factor of non-traded electricity volume, accurately reflecting the carbon emission offset degree of users in different periods, and providing a reliable basis for the fair distribution of carbon emission responsibilities. When power generators purchase green certificates, the expression of the second carbon emission offset skillfully combines the carbon emission factor of power plants with the quantity of green certificates purchased, clearly defining the carbon emission offset scale of power generators and effectively balancing the total system carbon emissions.

[0031] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, the expression of the electricity carbon emissions is as follows:

[0032]

[0033] Wherein, E Lj,t is the electricity carbon emissions of electricity user j during period t, is the non-traded load power of user j during period t, is the decomposed load power of the medium- and long-term transaction y of user j during period t, is the load power of the spot transaction of user j during period t, Δt is the unit accounting time interval for real-time carbon accounting, Y Lj is the set of medium- and long-term transaction contracts of user j, Z Lj is the "separation of certificates and electricity" green certificate transaction set of user j, is the carbon emission factor vector of non-traded electricity volume, is the power generation carbon emission factor of unit k under electricity contract y during period t, is the average carbon emission factor of the electricity volume traded by users in the spot market during period t, is the carbon emission offset for user j purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t.

[0034] Through the above technical solutions, the embodiments of the present application can comprehensively consider various electricity consumption scenarios of power users during period t, accurately integrate the non-trading load power, medium- and long-term and spot trading decomposed load power, and combine the corresponding carbon emission factors. After weighted calculation by the unit accounting time interval, the electricity carbon emissions are accurately quantified. At the same time, the green certificate trading deduction amount is deducted, taking into account the impacts of green power and green certificate trading. This solution constructs a complete and accurate carbon emission accounting framework, provides solid scientific support for the carbon emission management of the power system, greatly improves the accuracy and reliability of carbon emission accounting, and effectively promotes the low-carbon and efficient development of the power industry.

[0035] The third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. The processor executes the program to implement the real-time electricity carbon emission accounting method considering green power and green certificate trading as described in the above embodiments.

[0036] The fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the above real-time electricity carbon emission accounting method considering green power and green certificate trading.

[0037] The fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer program product including a computer program, which is executed to implement the above real-time electricity carbon emission accounting method considering green power and green certificate trading.

[0038] The embodiments of the present application can accurately split the power flow and quantify the carbon emission responsibility in the user green power purchase scenario, clearly distinguish the user carbon emissions of medium- and long-term and spot trading, and improve the accounting accuracy; in the green certificate trading scenario, both users and the power generation side accurately determine the deduction amount and reasonably transfer it according to the number and factors of green certificates, eliminating double counting and ensuring fair distribution of responsibilities. Real-time accounting is achieved by splitting the trading power flow to calculate the non-trading electricity parameters, enhancing timeliness and accuracy, and providing support for low-carbon development. The electricity carbon emission calculation formula comprehensively considers the electricity consumption situation, integrates power and factors, and deducts the deduction amount, constructs an accurate framework, and effectively promotes the low-carbon and efficient development of the power industry.

[0039] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and be readily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the drawings, where:

[0041] Figure 1Flowchart of a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the power flow information distribution of the 1PJM-5 node system in period 1 according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the impact of medium- and long-term green electricity trading on electricity consumption carbon emission results according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the impact of spot trading on carbon emission results of electricity consumption according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the impact of green certificate trading on the power generation side on electricity consumption carbon emission results according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram comparing the electricity carbon emission amounts of user-side green certificate trading according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram comparing the electricity carbon emission factors of non-traded electricity on the user side according to a specific embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 7 Structural schematic diagram of a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device considering green electricity and green certificate trading provided according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 8 Structural example diagram of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0051] The following describes a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method and device considering green electricity and green certificate trading according to embodiments of the present application. In view of the problems in the related technologies mentioned in the above background technology, namely, the green electricity market, the green certificate market, and the carbon emission market are independent of each other, lacking an effective connection mechanism, resulting in unclear carbon emission deduction rules for green electricity and green certificates and a significant risk of double counting of environmental benefits, the present application provides a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading. In this method, in the scenario of users' green electricity purchase, the power flow can be accurately split and the carbon emission responsibility can be quantified, clearly distinguishing the carbon emissions of users in medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions, and improving the accounting accuracy; in the green certificate trading scenario, both users and the power generation side can accurately determine the deduction amount and reasonably transfer it according to the number of green certificates and factors, eliminating double counting and ensuring fair distribution of responsibilities. By splitting the trading power flow to calculate the non-trading electricity parameters, real-time accounting is realized, enhancing timeliness and accuracy, and providing support for low-carbon development. The electricity consumption carbon emission calculation formula comprehensively considers the electricity consumption situation, integrates power and factors, and deducts the deduction amount, constructing an accurate framework, and effectively promoting the low-carbon and efficient development of the power industry. Thus, the problems in the related technologies, namely, the green electricity market, the green certificate market, and the carbon emission market are independent of each other, lacking an effective connection mechanism, resulting in unclear carbon emission deduction rules for green electricity and green certificates and a significant risk of double counting of environmental benefits, are solved.

[0052] Specifically, Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] As Figure 1 shown, the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading includes the following steps:

[0054] In step S101, in the scenario of users' green electricity purchase, the power flow is split and the carbon emission responsibility is quantified for medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions to determine the carbon emissions of users in different trading forms.

[0055] Before accounting for electricity consumption carbon emissions, it is necessary to classify the trading behaviors of green electricity and green certificates, distinguish three scenarios: power generation companies purchasing green certificates, users purchasing "certificate-electricity integrated" green electricity, and users purchasing "certificate-electricity separated" green certificates, and establish the basic principles of carbon emission accounting, including but not limited to the principle of binding green electricity and green certificates, the principle of single incentive for environmental attributes, the principle of unbiased total carbon emissions, and the principle of fairness in carbon accounting. These principles lay a foundation for subsequent accounting, ensure the scientificity and fairness of carbon emission calculations, and avoid double counting and misallocation of responsibilities.

[0056] It can be understood that in the scenario of users' green electricity purchase, for the quantification of carbon emission responsibility for trading electricity, the quantification methods for medium- and long-term trading forms and spot trading forms are different.

[0057] On the one hand, for medium- and long-term trading forms, since the two parties of the trading object are clear, the carbon emissions generated by each electricity transaction are only related to a single power supply unit. For users conducting green electricity trading in this form, the part of the green electricity trading volume will not bear carbon emission responsibilities, and the green certificates corresponding to this green electricity will be entirely transferred to the users who purchase this electricity volume. The carbon emission factor of medium- and long-term trading electricity volume is:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, is the carbon emission factor of unit k's power generation at time t under electricity contract y. For green electricity trading is the carbon emission factor of user j's electricity consumption under electricity contract y, where a medium- and long-term trading contract is signed between unit k and user j.

[0060] On the other hand, for spot trading forms, since China's current spot market mainly uses the system marginal price for user-side settlement, it is easy for users to have the psychology of "the same price for the same quality". Therefore, starting from the principle of fairness, the average carbon emission factor of each unit participating in the spot market at the corresponding time during centralized clearing can be used to calculate the carbon emissions borne by users during spot trading. The carbon emission factor of spot trading electricity volume is:

[0061]

[0062] Among them, is the average carbon emission factor of the electricity volume traded by users at time t in the spot market. S is the set of units participating in the centralized clearing of the spot market at time t, is the output of unit s participating in the centralized clearing of the spot market, and ε Gs is the carbon emission factor of unit s' output power generation participating in the centralized clearing of the spot market.

[0063] Furthermore, conduct a power flow split for trading behaviors. For the power flow split of medium- and long-term trading, based on the power transfer distribution factor matrix (the order is determined according to the number of system branches and nodes), the medium- and long-term electricity contract trading power flow column vector (clarify the power flow transmitted by each branch), and the node injection power column vector (point out the node injection power flow, and the "point-to-point" trading characteristics determine the matrix element composition), comprehensively disassemble the medium- and long-term trading power flow, and clearly outline the power flow path and distribution pattern of the trading electricity volume. Among them, the medium- and long-term electricity contract trading power flow column vector is:

[0064]

[0065] In the formula, F PTDF is the power transfer distribution factor matrix. If the number of system branches is L and the number of nodes is N, then this matrix is an L×N order matrix; is the transaction power flow column vector under the medium- and long-term electricity contract y, and the matrix element represents the transmission power flow of the l-th branch at time t under the electricity contract y; is the node injection power column vector under the medium- and long-term transaction y, and the matrix element represents the injection power flow of the medium- and long-term transaction y at node n at time t. Assuming that the contract electricity quantity of this transaction contract y at time t is p, since the medium- and long-term transaction is a "point-to-point" transaction, in the matrix representing a single medium- and long-term transaction contract, only the node elements where the generating units are located and the node elements where the loads are located are non-zero, and the rest of the elements are 0.

[0066] For the splitting of the spot transaction power flow, relying on the spot transaction power flow column vector (recording the branch transmission power flow) and the node injection power column vector (reflecting the node injection power flow, and the centralized clearing characteristic enables the matrix to cover all the transaction electricity quantity information of the generating units and users), deeply analyze the details of the spot transaction power flow and accurately grasp the dynamic change of the transaction electricity quantity. Among them, the spot transaction power flow column vector is:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, is the transaction power flow column vector under the spot transaction, and the matrix element represents the transmission power flow of the l-th branch at time t under the spot transaction; is the node injection power column vector under the spot transaction, and the matrix element represents the injection power flow of node n under the spot transaction at time t, and its value rule is similar to , but since the spot transaction is centralized clearing, all the output information of the generating units and the transaction electricity quantity information of the users participating in the spot transaction at time t are included in the matrix .

[0069] Furthermore, relying on the set of medium- and long-term electricity transaction contracts and the actual power flow distribution matrix of the system, combined with the medium- and long-term and spot transaction power flow distribution matrices generated by the transactions, according to the determination rule of the power flow direction and magnitude between nodes, the natural power flow distribution matrix is derived, and the formula is as follows:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, Y represents the set of medium- and long-term electricity transaction contracts; P B,t is the actual power flow distribution matrix of the system, and this matrix is an N-order square matrix, denoted by P B,t =(P Bij,t ) N×N ; and respectively represent the natural power flow distribution matrix, the medium- and long-term trading power flow distribution matrix under the electricity contract y, and the spot trading power flow distribution matrix; all of them are N-order square matrices, and are respectively represented by and ; the meaning of the elements in matrix P B,t is defined as follows: If there is a branch connection between node i and node j (i, j = 1, 2,..., N), and the positive active power flow flowing into node j through this branch in the t-th time period is p, then P Bij,t = p, P Bji,t = 0; if the active power flow p through this branch is a reverse power flow, then P Bij,i = 0, P Bji,t = p; in other cases, P Bij,t = P Bji,t = 0; the value rules of the elements in matrices and are similar to those of matrix P B,t , and the element values can be obtained according to the calculation results of the transaction flow brought by the transaction.

[0072] In the embodiments of the present application, in the classification of trading behaviors and the establishment of principles, by accurately distinguishing various scenarios and formulating scientific principles, duplicate calculations and mismatches of responsibilities can be effectively avoided, ensuring the fairness and accuracy of accounting. In the quantification link of medium- and long-term trading carbon emission responsibilities, by clearly defining the trading objects, the green power trading electricity is exempt from carbon emission responsibilities and the green certificates are completely transferred, simplifying the process and conforming to the essence of green power emission reduction, promoting green energy consumption. For the quantification of spot trading carbon emission responsibilities, starting from fairness, it is accounted according to the average carbon emission factor of the centralized clearing units, which conforms to the market situation, ensures that the calculation of users' carbon emission responsibilities is fair and reasonable, and enhances the market acceptance and credibility. In terms of power flow splitting, the medium- and long-term and spot trading power flows are comprehensively disassembled according to the relevant matrices and vectors, improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of power flow analysis, and providing strong support for the operation optimization of the power system and the accurate control of carbon emissions.

[0073] In step S102, in the scenario where the user purchases green certificates, the first carbon emission deduction amount is determined according to the number of green certificates purchased by the user and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the first carbon emission deduction amount is transferred to the electricity carbon emission during the period when the green certificates are sold, so as to reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibilities.

[0074] It can be understood that based on the setting that green certificates can be pre-sold in the future, when the user's deduction period is inconsistent with the green certificate production period, the user can purchase green certificates produced in the future to deduct the carbon emission responsibilities of non-trading electricity in the current period.

[0075] Specifically, assuming that user j and new energy power plant n form a green certificate pre-purchase trading portfolio z, the carbon emissions (i.e., the first carbon emission deduction amount) for user j to deduct carbon emission responsibilities by purchasing green certificates are:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, is the carbon emission reduction for user j purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, is the number of green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n during period t′, is the carbon emission factor of user j's non-traded electricity during period t, and its value can be calculated based on the natural distribution power flow of the power system during period t through the carbon emission flow theory.

[0078] Furthermore, for the green certificate pre-purchase transaction portfolio z composed of user j and new energy power plant n, according to the carbon emission responsibility exchange setting, the carbon emissions of electricity consumption during the deduction period (period t) will be transferred to the green certificate sold period (period t′). This transfer process of carbon emission responsibility will affect the injected carbon emission results of the system at different times, and this impact can be represented by a K-order column vector:

[0079]

[0080] The elements in the vector are defined as: If the nth element in the vector represents the carbon emission responsibility transferred to new energy power plant n after green certificate deduction, then the remaining elements are all 0.

[0081] It should be noted that affected by geographical location, when there is geographical power transmission isolation between new energy power plants and users or there is a situation where power cannot be sent out due to line congestion, this user can only purchase "certificate-electricity separation" green certificates for carbon emission responsibility deduction. The carbon emission deduction quantity calculation rules for this scenario are similar to those for future green certificate pre-purchase deduction scenarios. The difference is that in this scenario, users can purchase green certificates produced in the current period for carbon emission deduction.

[0082] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, it further includes: In the scenario where a power generator purchases green certificates, determine the second carbon emission deduction quantity according to the number of green certificates purchased by the power generator and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and transfer the second carbon emission deduction quantity to the user who has lost the green electricity attribute, so that the total carbon emissions in the system reach balance.

[0083] It can be understood that the power generator purchases green certificates to offset its carbon emission responsibility during the power generation process. In this scenario, in order to achieve accurate carbon emission accounting, it is necessary to clarify the carbon emission responsibility transfer rules of green certificates.

[0084] Specifically, assume that power plant i and new energy power plant n form a green certificate trading portfolio x. Then the expression for the carbon emissions (i.e., the second carbon emission deduction quantity) of power plant i offsetting its carbon emission responsibility by purchasing green certificates is:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, is the carbon emission reduction for power plant i purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, and ε Gi is the carbon emission factor of power plant i, is the number of green certificates purchased by power plant i from new energy power plant n during period t.

[0087] Furthermore, for the green certificate trading portfolio x, its carbon emission responsibility exchange situation can be represented by a K-order column vector where K is the number of system units. The elements in the vector are defined as follows: If the i-th element in the vector is the carbon emission reduction E offset by the power plant through green certificates Rn,Gi,t , then If the n-th element in the vector represents the carbon emission responsibility transferred to new energy power plant n after green certificate offset, then The remaining elements are 0.

[0088] The embodiments of the present application can be applied to the scenario where users purchase green certificates. Based on the future pre-sale of green certificates and various geographical considerations, the carbon emission reduction amount can be accurately determined. By setting reasonable transfer responsibilities through carbon emission responsibility exchange, double counting of environmental benefits can be avoided, and the scientificity and fairness of carbon accounting can be improved. In the scenario where power generators purchase green certificates, by accurately calculating the reduction amount and clarifying the responsibility transfer rules, and using the carbon emission flow theory to allocate responsibilities, the total system carbon emissions can be maintained in balance, and the energy structure and carbon emission distribution of production and consumption can be optimized.

[0089] In step S103, the trading power flow is split from the actual physical power flow to calculate the natural power flow distribution of non-traded electricity and the corresponding carbon emission factors, so as to calculate the carbon emissions of electricity users in the target period in real time.

[0090] It can be understood that according to the medium- and long-term electricity trading (including green electricity trading) situation and the spot trading situation, the trading power flow is disassembled from the actual physical power flow, and after disassembly, the natural power flow distribution matrix and the node flux matrix under the natural distribution power flow situation The following are the explanatory notes for each distribution matrix:

[0091] (1) Trading node pair

[0092] The trading node pair represents the power source node and the user node with an electricity contract relationship. The geometry of the trading node pairs in the system is represented by Y.

[0093] (2) Actual unit injection distribution matrix

[0094] The actual unit injection distribution matrix is mainly used to describe the connection relationship between all power sources in the system and the power system, as well as the actual active power injected by the units into the system. If the total number of nodes in the system is N and the number of generators is K, the actual unit injection distribution matrix is a K×N matrix, denoted by P G,t =(P Gkj,t ) K×N . The specific definitions of the elements in the matrix are as follows:

[0095] If the k-th (k = 1, 2,..., K) generator set is connected to node j, and the active power flow injected from this unit into node j at the t-th time period is p, then P Gkj,t = p, otherwise P Gkj,t = 0.

[0096] (3) Transaction unit injection distribution matrix

[0097] The transaction unit injection distribution matrix is mainly used to describe the connection relationship between the units with electricity quantity contracts in the system and the power system and their transaction situations. For each electricity quantity contract y, the transaction unit injection distribution matrix is a K×N matrix, denoted by . The specific definitions of the elements in the matrix are as follows:

[0098] If the k-th (k = 1, 2,..., K) generator set is connected to node j, and the active power flow that this unit needs to provide according to contract y at the t-th time period is p, then Otherwise

[0099] (4) Non-transaction unit injection distribution matrix

[0100] The non-transaction unit injection distribution matrix is mainly used to describe the output situations of the units without transaction contracts in the system. The injection of non-transaction units is a key factor affecting the natural distribution of system power flow. The non-transaction unit injection distribution matrix is a K×N matrix, denoted by . It can be calculated from the actual unit injection distribution matrix and the transaction unit injection distribution matrix:

[0101]

[0102] (5) Actual branch power flow distribution matrix

[0103] The actual branch power flow distribution matrix is mainly used to describe the actual active power flow distribution situation of the power system. This matrix contains both the topological information and the active power flow information of the power network. The actual branch power flow distribution matrix is an N-order square matrix, denoted by P B,t =(P Bij,t ) N×N . The specific definitions of the elements in the matrix are as follows:

[0104] If there is a branch connection between node i and node j (i, j = 1, 2, …, N), and the positive active power flow into node j through this branch in the t-th period is p, then P Bij,t = p, P Bji,t = 0; if the active power flow p through this branch is a reverse flow, then P Bij,t = 0, P Bji,t = p; in other cases, P Bij,t = P Bji,t = 0. In particular, for all diagonal elements, P Bii,t = 0.

[0105] (6) Transaction flow branch power flow distribution matrix

[0106] The transaction flow branch power flow distribution matrix is mainly used to describe the branch power flow distribution caused by electricity contracts. For each electricity contract y, the transaction flow branch power flow distribution matrix caused by this transaction node pair is an N-order square matrix, denoted by . Similar to the actual branch power flow distribution matrix, the elements in the matrix are specifically defined as follows:

[0107] If there is a branch connection between node i and node j (i, j = 1, 2, …, N), and it is affected by the electricity contract of the transaction node pair y in the t-th period, and the positive active power flow into node j through this branch is p, then If the active power flow p through this branch is a reverse flow, then In other cases In particular, for all diagonal elements, there is

[0108] (7) Natural distribution branch power flow distribution matrix

[0109] The natural distribution branch power flow distribution matrix is mainly used to describe the branch power flow distribution caused by non-traded electricity. The natural distribution branch power flow distribution matrix is an N-order square matrix, denoted by . It can be calculated from the actual branch power flow distribution matrix and the transaction flow branch power flow distribution matrix:

[0110]

[0111] According to the "separation of certificates and electricity" green certificate trading results, clarify the carbon emission responsibility transfer situation caused by green certificate trading, and obtain the transferred unit carbon emission vector

[0112]

[0113] In the formula, It is the carbon emission vector of the unit before the split of the traded electricity quantity and before the transfer of the emission responsibility of the green certificate trading under the "separation of certificates and electricity". X and Z respectively represent the sets of green certificate trading for power generators and users under the "separation of certificates and electricity".

[0114] Furthermore, according to the carbon emission flow theory, the carbon emission factor vector and carbon emission factor of the non-traded electricity quantity are calculated.

[0115] Specifically, the carbon emission factor vector of the non-traded electricity quantity The formula is:

[0116]

[0117] The carbon emission factor of the non-traded electricity quantity of user j The formula is:

[0118]

[0119] In the formula, Is the carbon emission factor vector of the non-traded electricity quantity, which is represented by the carbon emission factor vector, and the elements in the vector represent Represents the carbon emission factor of the non-traded electricity quantity of node i; J Is the unit topological distribution matrix, which is used to reflect the location of the unit connected to the node. It is represented by J G =(J G ) G,ki Indicates that the elements in the matrix are defined as follows: if the kth unit is connected to the ith node of the system (k = 1, 2,..., K; i = 1, 2,..., N), then J K×N = 1, otherwise 0; J G,ki Is the load topological distribution vector, which is used to reflect the location of user j connected to the node. It is represented by J Lj =(J Lj ) Lj,i Indicates that the elements in the vector are defined as follows: if user j is connected to the ith node of the system, then J N×1 = 1, otherwise 0. Lj,i

[0120] Furthermore, based on the calculated carbon emission factor of the non-traded electricity quantity, combined with the carbon emission chain of user j's carbon emission responsibility deduction through purchasing green certificates, the carbon emission reduction that can be offset by user j's purchase of "separation of certificates and electricity" green certificates can be calculated. On this basis, considering the scenarios of green power and green certificate trading, the carbon emissions of electricity user j at time t are calculated as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Among them, E Lj,t Is the carbon emissions of electricity user j at time t, is the non-trading load power of user j during period t, is the decomposed load power of the medium- and long-term transaction y of user j during period t at period t, is the load power of the spot transaction of user j at period t, and Δt is the unit accounting time interval for real-time carbon accounting. Y Lj is the set of medium- and long-term trading contracts of user j. Z Lj is the set of "certificate-electricity separation" green certificate transactions of user j. The first three terms on the right side of the XX equation respectively represent the carbon emissions of the user's non-trading electricity, medium- and long-term trading electricity, and spot trading electricity, and the last term represents the carbon emission deduction amount for purchasing green certificates.

[0123] The following conducts a case study based on the PJM-5 bus system to elaborate on this application in detail.

[0124] The PJM-5 bus system is as Figure 2 shown. The system consists of a total of 6 units. The operating parameters of gas and coal-fired units G1-G4 are shown in Table 1. The other two are wind power and photovoltaic respectively. Table 1 is as follows:

[0125] Table 1

[0126]

[0127] To verify the influence mechanism of different trading types on the system's carbon emission responsibility, 1 baseline scenario and 4 comparison scenarios are set.

[0128] Among them, the baseline scenario: Without considering trading behaviors, the carbon emission responsibility is allocated based on the traditional carbon emission flow theory;

[0129] Comparison scenario 1: There is a 100 MWh green electricity transaction between load L3 and wind power G5;

[0130] Comparison scenario 2: Wind farm G5 and thermal power G4 participate in the spot trading market. Loads L1 and L3 respectively purchase 10 MWh of electric energy in the spot market. Wind power G5 and thermal power G4 respectively provide 80% and 20% of the electric energy for loads L1 and L3 during this period;

[0131] Comparison scenario 3: Assume there is a green certificate transaction between thermal power G4 and wind farm G5, and the green certificate transaction electricity is 100 MW;

[0132] Comparison scenario 4: Assume load L3 pre-purchases 100 MWh of green certificates from photovoltaic G6 for carbon emission responsibility deduction during the current period.

[0133] Under the baseline scenario and comparison scenario 1, the indirect carbon emissions of each load's electricity consumption and the carbon emission factors of non-trading electricity are as Figure 3 shown. From Figure 3(a) It can be seen that after Load L3 purchases green power, the carbon emissions of electricity consumption it undertakes during this period decrease. However, for Load L1 and Load L3 that do not conduct green power transactions, their carbon emissions of electricity consumption increase compared to the baseline scenario. This is mainly because in the scenario without green power transactions, the green power of Wind Farm G5 is shared by Load L1, L2, and L3 according to the flow of power flow. When considering green power transactions, some green power is directed to Load L3 that purchases this amount of electricity, and the remaining non-traded green power is then allocated to Load L1 to L3 according to the natural part of the power flow, thus resulting in an increase in the carbon emission responsibility of electricity consumption borne by Load L1 and L2. This phenomenon is also reflected in the carbon emission factors of non-traded electricity. From Figure 3 (b) It can be seen that compared to before the green power transaction, the carbon emission factors of non-traded electricity of Load L1 to L3 have all increased.

[0134] Under the baseline scenario and Comparison Scenario 2, the indirect carbon emissions of electricity consumption of each load and the carbon emission factors of non-traded electricity are as Figure 4 shown. From Figure 4 (a) It can be seen that since the electricity participating in the spot transaction during this period is mostly green power, after Users L1 and L3 participate in the spot transaction, the carbon emission responsibilities they undertake both decrease slightly, and the additional carbon emission responsibility is transferred to Load L2 to bear; From Figure 4 (b) It can be seen that since the green power content of the electricity participating in the spot transaction during this period is relatively high, after separately considering the carbon emission responsibilities corresponding to the spot transaction electricity, the carbon emission factors of electricity consumption of non-traded electricity of each user have all increased.

[0135] Under the baseline scenario and Comparison Scenario 3, the indirect carbon emissions of electricity consumption of each load and the carbon emission factors of user electricity consumption are as Figure 5 shown.

[0136] When Thermal Power G4 conducts carbon emission responsibility deduction by purchasing "certificate-electricity separation" green certificates, the green power corresponding to the deducted green certificates loses its zero-carbon attribute, and users using this part of the electricity need to bear the carbon emission responsibility of the electricity originally corresponding to Thermal Power G4. Therefore, from Figure 5 (a) It can be seen that when Thermal Power G4 purchases the green certificates of Wind Farm G5 for carbon emission responsibility deduction, the carbon emission responsibilities borne by Load L1 and Load L3 that originally used more Thermal Power G4 will decrease, while the carbon emission responsibility borne by Load L2 that originally used more Wind Farm G5 will increase. This trend is also reflected in the carbon emission factors of electricity consumption. As Figure 5 (b) shows, compared to before the green certificate deduction of Thermal Power G4, the carbon emission factors of electricity consumption of Load L1 and Load L3 both decrease, while the carbon emission factor of electricity consumption of Load L2 increases.

[0137] Under the benchmark scenario and comparison scenario 4, the indirect carbon emissions of electricity consumption for each load and the carbon emission factors of user electricity consumption are shown in Figure 6. It can be seen from Figure 6(a) that when the method of pre-purchasing green certificates is used for carbon emission responsibility deduction of electricity consumption, during the green certificate deduction period, only the carbon emissions of users who purchase green certificates change, and those of other users remain unchanged. However, during the green certificate supply period, the carbon emissions of all users increase. This is mainly because the carbon emissions deducted by green certificates are completely transferred to the green certificate supply period. When users use electricity without green attributes, they will bear the carbon emissions transferred by the deduction. At the same time, it can also be seen from Figure 6(b) that during the green certificate deduction period, the deduction behavior will not cause changes in the carbon emission factors of user electricity consumption. However, after the emission responsibility is transferred, the carbon emission factors of each user's electricity consumption will increase.

[0138] According to the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green power and green certificate trading proposed in the embodiments of the present application, in the scenario where users purchase green power, the power flow can be accurately split and the carbon emission responsibility can be quantified, clearly distinguishing the carbon emissions of users in medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions, making the accounting more accurate. In the scenario where users purchase green certificates, the deduction amount is determined and reasonably transferred according to the number and factors of green certificates, effectively avoiding double counting of environmental benefits and ensuring fair and reasonable responsibility distribution. In the scenario where power generators purchase green certificates, the deduction amount is determined according to the number of green certificates purchased by the power generators and the carbon emission factors and transferred to users who use electricity without green power attributes, so that the total carbon emissions in the system reach balance. By splitting the trading power flow and calculating the non-trading electricity parameters, real-time accounting is realized, greatly improving the timeliness and accuracy of carbon emission accounting, providing solid data support and scientific decision-making basis for the low-carbon development of the power system.

[0139] Secondly, a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device considering green power and green certificate trading proposed in the embodiments of the present application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0140] Figure 7 It is a block diagram of a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device considering green power and green certificate trading according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0141] As Figure 7 shown, the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device 10 considering green power and green certificate trading includes: a user green power trading module 100, a user green certificate trading module 200, and a non-trading module 300.

[0142] The user green power trading module 100 is used to split the power flow and quantify the carbon emission responsibility for medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions in the scenario where users purchase green power, so as to determine the carbon emissions of users in different trading forms.

[0143] The user green certificate trading module 200 is used to determine the first carbon emission offset amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the user and the corresponding carbon emission factors in the scenario of the user purchasing green certificates, and transfer the first carbon emission offset amount to the electricity carbon emissions during the green certificate selling period to reasonably allocate the carbon emission responsibility.

[0144] The non-trading module 300 is used to split the trading power flow from the actual physical power flow to calculate the natural power flow distribution of the non-traded electricity and the corresponding carbon emission factors, so as to calculate the electricity carbon emissions of the electricity users in real time during the target period.

[0145] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, it further includes: the power generator green certificate trading module 400, which is used to determine the second carbon emission offset amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the power generator and the corresponding carbon emission factors in the scenario of the power generator purchasing green certificates, and transfer the second carbon emission offset amount to the users who have lost the green electricity attribute, so that the total carbon emissions in the system reach balance.

[0146] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the expression of the first carbon emission offset amount is:

[0147]

[0148] Where is the carbon emission offset for user j purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n at time t, is the number of green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n at time t', is the carbon emission factor of user j's non-traded electricity at time t.

[0149] The expression of the second carbon emission offset amount is:

[0150]

[0151] Where is the carbon emission offset for power plant i purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n at time t, ε Gi is the carbon emission factor of power plant i, is the number of green certificates purchased by power plant i from new energy power plant n at time t.

[0152] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the expression of the electricity carbon emissions is:

[0153]

[0154] Where E Lj,t is the electricity carbon emissions of power user j at time t, is the non-traded load power of user j at time t, The decomposed load power of the medium- and long-term transaction y of user j in period t during period t is the load power of the spot transaction of user j in period t, Δt is the unit accounting time interval for real-time carbon accounting, Y Lj is the set of medium- and long-term transaction contracts of user j, Z Lj is the set of "certificate-electricity separation" green certificate transactions of user j. XX

[0155] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate transactions also applies to the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device considering green electricity and green certificate transactions of this embodiment, and will not be elaborated here.

[0156] According to the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting device considering green electricity and green certificate transactions proposed in the embodiments of the present application, in the scenario where users purchase green electricity, the power flow can be accurately split and the carbon emission responsibility can be quantified, clearly distinguishing the carbon emissions of users in medium- and long-term and spot transactions, making the accounting more accurate. In the scenario where users purchase green certificates, the deduction amount is determined according to the number of green certificates and factors and transferred reasonably, effectively avoiding double counting of environmental benefits and ensuring fair and reasonable responsibility allocation. In the scenario where power generators purchase green certificates, the deduction amount is determined according to the number of green certificates purchased by the power generators and the carbon emission factor and transferred to users who lose the green electricity attribute, so that the total carbon emissions in the system reach balance. By splitting the transaction power flow to calculate the non-transaction electricity parameters for real-time accounting, the timeliness and accuracy of carbon emission accounting are greatly improved, providing solid data support and scientific decision-making basis for the low-carbon development of the power system.

[0157] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device may include:

[0158] a memory 801, a processor 802, and a computer program stored on the memory 801 and executable on the processor 802.

[0159] When the processor 802 executes the program, it implements the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate transactions provided in the above embodiments.

[0160] Furthermore, the electronic device further includes:

[0161] a communication interface 803 for communication between the memory 801 and the processor 802.

[0162] The memory 801 is used to store a computer program executable on the processor 802.

[0163] The memory 801 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk memory.

[0164] If the memory 801, the processor 802, and the communication interface 803 are implemented independently, the communication interface 803, the memory 801, and the processor 802 can be interconnected through a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 8 only a thick line is used to represent it in the figure, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0165] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 801, the processor 802, and the communication interface 803 are integrated on a single chip, the memory 801, the processor 802, and the communication interface 803 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0166] The processor 802 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application.

[0167] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the program is executed by a processor, the above real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading is implemented.

[0168] The embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product, including a computer program, and the computer program is executed to implement the above real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading.

[0169] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0170] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "N" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0171] Any process or method description depicted in a flowchart or otherwise described herein can be understood to represent a module, segment, or portion of code including one or N executable instructions for implementing a customized logic function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations, where the functions can be executed in a manner that may not be in the order shown or discussed, including in a substantially simultaneous manner according to the functions involved or in a reverse order, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of this application pertain.

[0172] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a definitional sequence list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be specifically implemented in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other systems that can fetch and execute instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device), or used in conjunction with these instruction execution systems, apparatuses, or devices. For the purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection portion (electronic device) having one or N wirings, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium can even be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, because the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other media, followed by editing, interpretation, or otherwise processing as appropriate, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0173] It should be understood that various parts of the present application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art can be used: discrete logic circuits having logic gate circuits for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gate circuits, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0174] Those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology can understand that all or part of the steps carried by the method of implementing the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a program, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0175] In addition, each functional unit in various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a processing module, may exist separately as individual physical units, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. When the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0176] The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disc, etc. Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A real-time electricity carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate trading, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: In the scenario where users purchase green electricity, the flow splitting and carbon emission responsibility quantification are carried out for medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions to determine the user's carbon emissions under different transaction forms; In the scenario where the user purchases green certificates, the first carbon emission offset amount is determined according to the number of green certificates purchased by the user and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the first carbon emission offset amount is transferred to the electricity carbon emission during the green certificate sales period to reasonably allocate carbon emission responsibilities; The trading flow is separated from the actual physical flow to calculate the natural flow distribution of non-trading electricity and the corresponding carbon emission factor, so that the carbon emissions of electricity consumption by electricity users during the target period can be calculated in real time.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Also includes: In the scenario where the power generator purchases green certificates, the second carbon emission offset amount is determined based on the number of green certificates purchased by the power generator and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the second carbon emission offset amount is transferred to users who use electricity that has lost its green attributes, so that the total carbon emissions in the system are balanced.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that in, The expression of the first carbon emission deduction amount is: in, The carbon emission reduction of user j who purchases green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, is the number of green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n during period t′, is the carbon emission factor of non-traded electricity of user j in period t; The expression of the second carbon emission deduction amount is: in, is the carbon emission reduction of power plant i purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, ε Gi is the carbon emission factor of power plant i, It is the number of green certificates purchased by power plant i from new energy power plant n during period t.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expression of carbon emissions from electricity consumption is: Among them, E Lj,t is the carbon emissions of electricity consumption by electricity user j in period t, is the non-trading load power of user j in period t, is the decomposed load power of user j’s medium- and long-term transaction y in period t, is the spot transaction load power of user j in period t, Δt is the unit accounting time interval of real-time carbon accounting, Y Lj is the set of medium- and long-term transaction contracts of user j, Z Lj is the "certificate-to-electronics separation" green certificate transaction set of user j, is the carbon emission factor vector of non-traded electricity, is the carbon emission factor of power generation of unit k in period t under the electricity contract y, is the average carbon emission factor of the electricity traded by users in the spot market during period t, The carbon emissions offset by user j purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t.

5. A real-time electricity carbon emission accounting device considering green electricity and green certificate trading, characterized in that: include: User green electricity trading module, used to split the flow and quantify the carbon emission responsibility for medium- and long-term transactions and spot transactions in the scenario where users purchase green electricity, so as to determine the user's carbon emissions under different transaction forms; A user green certificate trading module is used to determine the first carbon emission offset amount according to the number of green certificates purchased by the user and the corresponding carbon emission factor when the user purchases green certificates, and transfer the first carbon emission offset amount to the electricity carbon emission during the green certificate sales period to reasonably allocate carbon emission responsibilities; The non-trading module is used to split the trading flow from the actual physical flow to calculate the natural flow distribution of non-trading electricity and the corresponding carbon emission factor, so that the carbon emissions of electricity consumption by electricity users during the target period can be calculated in real time.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that Also includes: The power company green certificate trading module is used to determine the second carbon emission offset amount based on the number of green certificates purchased by the power company and the corresponding carbon emission factor when the power company purchases green certificates, and transfer the second carbon emission offset amount to users who use electricity that has lost its green attributes, so that the total carbon emissions in the system are balanced.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that in, The expression of the first carbon emission deduction amount is: in, The carbon emission reduction of user j who purchases green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, is the number of green certificates purchased by user j from new energy power plant n during period t′, is the carbon emission factor of non-traded electricity of user j in period t; The expression of the second carbon emission deduction amount is: in, is the carbon emission reduction of power plant i purchasing green certificates from new energy power plant n during period t, ε Gi is the carbon emission factor of power plant i, It is the number of green certificates purchased by power plant i from new energy power plant n during period t.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate transactions as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement a real-time electricity carbon emission accounting method taking into account green electricity and green certificate transactions as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that The computer program is executed to implement a real-time electricity consumption carbon emission accounting method considering green electricity and green certificate transactions as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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