Acceleration sensor arrangement method and device, terminal equipment and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an acceleration sensor arrangement method and device, terminal equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a plurality of initial installation positions, and installing acceleration sensors at the initial installation positions; acquiring a vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding initial mounting position through an acceleration sensor; variational mode decomposition is carried out on the vibration signals, and Spearman correlation coefficients of all orders of modes are calculated; summing and averaging the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of modal to obtain an average correlation coefficient; selecting the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all the acceleration sensors, and taking the initial mounting position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal mounting position of the wire; and the acceleration sensors at the initial mounting positions except the optimal mounting position are dismounted. According to the invention, the maximum modal information acquisition can be realized with the minimum number of sensors, and the monitoring cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural monitoring, and in particular, to a method and device for arranging acceleration sensors, a terminal device, and a computer-readable storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, damage detection of overhead transmission lines mostly adopts modal parameter identification methods. In current modal parameter test experiments, as a core instrument in modal experiments, the quality of vibration data measurement by acceleration sensors is crucial for modal parameter identification. The installation position of sensors on transmission lines will greatly affect the extraction effect of modal parameters. If installed at the antinode of modal vibration, the modal parameters of this order can be effectively measured. Conversely, if installed at the node of this order of modal vibration, the modal parameters of this order cannot be measured.

[0003] In order to obtain as many vibration modal parameters of transmission lines as possible, existing modal experiments mostly adopt the single-input multi-output method, that is, applying vibration excitation at a single point on the wire and installing acceleration sensors at multiple points to measure vibration acceleration. During the experiment, the installation positions of acceleration sensors on the wire are randomly determined. Although this method can effectively measure multiple-order modal parameters, a large number of acceleration sensors are required. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and device for arranging acceleration sensors, a terminal device, and a computer-readable storage medium, which can obtain the maximum modal information with the least number of sensors and reduce the monitoring cost.

[0005] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for arranging acceleration sensors, including:

[0006] Obtain several preliminary installation positions and install acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions on the wire;

[0007] Obtain the vibration signals of the wire at the corresponding preliminary installation positions through the acceleration sensors;

[0008] Perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signals to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration;

[0009] Calculate the Spearman correlation coefficients of each order of mode according to the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration and the vibration signals;

[0010] Sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each order of mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensors;

[0011] Select the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and use the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire;

[0012] Remove the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions other than the optimal installation position.

[0013] Further, several preliminary installation positions are determined by the following method:

[0014] Obtain the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the wire;

[0015] Construct the vibration spatio-temporal equation of the wire according to the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the wire;

[0016] Determine the vibration wavelengths of each order mode of the wire according to the vibration spatio-temporal equation;

[0017] Determine the vibration phases of each order mode of the wire according to the vibration wavelengths of each order mode of the wire, and then determine several preliminary installation positions according to the vibration phases.

[0018] Further, before obtaining the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding preliminary installation position through the acceleration sensor, it also includes:

[0019] Obtain the first display value of the acceleration sensor in the stationary state;

[0020] Vibrate the wire to make the wire vibrate;

[0021] After the vibration is stable, obtain the second display value of the same acceleration sensor;

[0022] Compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in the normal state; otherwise, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in the abnormal state, and reinstall the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position.

[0023] Further, perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration, including:

[0024] Perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal according to the preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration.

[0025] Further, the preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order are determined by the following method:

[0026] Initialize the position and velocity of the particle; the position includes a penalty factor and a decomposition mode order;

[0027] Execute a loop process until the number of loops reaches a preset number or the fitness converges, obtaining a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition mode order; the loop process includes:

[0028] Perform modal decomposition and reconstruction on the vibration signal according to the position of the particle to obtain a reconstructed signal;

[0029] Calculate the mean square error according to the vibration signal and the reconstructed signal;

[0030] Calculate the fitness of the current particle according to the mean square error;

[0031] Update the position and velocity of the particle according to the fitness of the current particle, the personal best solution, and the global best solution.

[0032] Furthermore, calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode according to the intrinsic mode function of each order of vibration and the vibration signal, including:

[0033] Calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode according to the intrinsic mode function of each order of vibration and the vibration signal through the following formula:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, ρ k represents the Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th order intrinsic mode function and the vibration signal, p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d i represents the difference in the rank value of the amplitude at the i-th vibration position between the k-th order intrinsic mode function and the vibration signal.

[0036] Based on the above method item embodiments, the present invention correspondingly provides device item embodiments, including: a preliminary installation module, a signal acquisition module, a modal decomposition module, a correlation coefficient calculation module, an average correlation coefficient calculation module, an optimal installation position confirmation module, and an acceleration sensor arrangement module;

[0037] The preliminary installation module is used to obtain several preliminary installation positions and install the acceleration sensor at the preliminary installation positions of the wire;

[0038] The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding preliminary installation position through the acceleration sensor;

[0039] The modal decomposition module is used to perform variational modal decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the intrinsic mode function of each order of vibration;

[0040] The correlation coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode according to the intrinsic mode function of each order of vibration and the vibration signal;

[0041] An average correlation coefficient calculation module, which is used to sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each order of modes to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor;

[0042] An optimal installation position confirmation module, which is used to select the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and use the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire;

[0043] An acceleration sensor arrangement module, which is used to remove the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions except the optimal installation position.

[0044] Furthermore, the arrangement device of the acceleration sensor further includes: a calibration module;

[0045] The calibration module includes: a first static state value acquisition unit, a vibration excitation unit, a second static state value acquisition unit, and a comparison and discrimination unit;

[0046] The first static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the first display value of the acceleration sensor in the static state;

[0047] The vibration excitation unit is used to perform vibration excitation on the wire to make the wire vibrate;

[0048] The second static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire the second display value of the same acceleration sensor after the vibration becomes stable;

[0049] The comparison and discrimination unit is used to compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in a normal state; otherwise, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in an abnormal state, and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

[0050] Based on the above method item embodiment, the present invention correspondingly provides a terminal device item embodiment, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the acceleration sensor arrangement method as described in the present invention are implemented.

[0051] Based on the above method item embodiment, the present invention correspondingly provides a computer-readable storage medium item embodiment, including: a stored computer program. When the computer program runs, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the steps of the acceleration sensor arrangement method as described in the present invention.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the embodiments of this solution are as follows:

[0053] The present invention obtains several preliminary installation positions, installs acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions of the wire, collects the vibration signals of the wire at the corresponding preliminary installation positions, then performs variational mode decomposition on the vibration signals to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration. These intrinsic mode functions can reveal the vibration characteristics of the wire at different frequencies. Then, according to the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration and the original vibration signal, the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode is calculated to evaluate the correlation between each order of mode and the original vibration signal. The Spearman correlation coefficients of each order of mode are summed and averaged to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor. The highest average correlation coefficient is selected from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors. A higher average correlation coefficient indicates a better variational mode decomposition effect, that is, more vibration mode information can be measured at this installation position. Then, the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient is used as the optimal installation position of the wire. This position can not only effectively capture the vibration information of the wire at different frequencies, but also obtain the maximum modal information with the least number of sensors. Finally, the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions other than the optimal installation position are removed, and only the acceleration sensors at the optimal installation position are retained, reducing the number of acceleration sensors arranged and lowering the monitoring cost.

[0054] In summary, the present invention determines the optimal installation position of the acceleration sensor by means of variational mode decomposition and calculating the correlation coefficient, can obtain the maximum modal information with the least number of sensors, and reduces the monitoring cost. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0055] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of the arrangement method of the acceleration sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 is a vibration waveform diagram of each order of mode provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is a modal decomposition result diagram of the vibration acceleration data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the arrangement device of the acceleration sensor provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiment

[0059] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features.

[0061] As Figure 1 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for arranging an acceleration sensor, and the method at least includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S1: Obtain a plurality of preliminary installation positions and install the acceleration sensor at the preliminary installation positions of the wire;

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of preliminary installation positions are determined by the following method:

[0064] Obtain the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the wire;

[0065] Construct a vibration space-time equation of the wire according to the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the wire;

[0066] Determine the vibration wavelengths of each order of the wire according to the vibration space-time equation;

[0067] Determine the vibration phases of each order of the wire according to the vibration wavelengths of each order of the wire, and then determine a plurality of preliminary installation positions according to the vibration phases.

[0068] For step S1, obtain a plurality of preliminary installation positions. These preliminary installation positions are used to determine the vibration wavelengths of each order of the mechanical structure through theoretical calculation. According to the calculated vibration wavelengths of each order of the wire, determine the vibration phases of each order of the wire at the acceleration sensor installation positions, and then determine the preliminary installation positions of the acceleration sensor.

[0069] First, the overhead line is equivalent to a string fixed at both ends, and the space-time vibration equation of the overhead line is derived based on the string vibration theory. According to the vibration equation and the mechanical wave propagation theory, further determine the vibration wavelengths of each order of the wire. Specifically, obtain parameters such as the tension, linear density, and natural circular frequency of the wire. During the operation of the overhead transmission line, the wire reaches a force balance under the action of gravity and tension. At this time, the overhead transmission line within a span can be equivalent to a string fixed at both ends. When the span is very large, the wire vibration can be further equivalent to the vibration of a string without damping and stiffness.

[0070] The space-time vibration equation of a string fixed at both ends can be expressed as:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, U(x) represents the spatial equation of the conductor vibration, V(t) represents the time vibration equation of the conductor vibration, T represents the tension of the conductor, ω represents the natural circular frequency of the conductor, and m represents the linear density of the conductor.

[0073] On the transmission line, since both ends of the conductor are fixed by clamps, it can be considered that both ends of the conductor are fixed ends, and the initial displacement is 0. In addition, it is considered that the conductor is stationary at the initial moment, and its initial velocity and acceleration are also 0. Therefore, the boundary conditions of the string vibration are expressed as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Thus, the vibration equation of the conductor can be written as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, n represents the vibration mode order, A n represents the amplitude of the conductor, and L represents the length of the conductor.

[0078] It can be seen from the space-time vibration equation of the conductor that the calculation expression of the natural vibration frequency of the conductor is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] According to the transmission theory of mechanical waves, the propagation speed of the vibrating mechanical wave in the conductor can be expressed by the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Thus, the vibration wavelengths of each order of the conductor can be calculated by the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, f n represents the natural vibration frequency of the conductor, v represents the propagation speed of the vibrating mechanical wave in the conductor, and λ n represents the vibration wavelengths of each order of the conductor.

[0085] Next, according to the calculated vibration wavelengths of each order of the conductor, determine the phases of the vibrations of each order of the conductor at the installation position of the acceleration sensor, and then determine the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor. Specifically, as Figure 2Shown are the vibration waveform diagrams of each order of mode. Since the vibration amplitude is the largest at the antinode, installing the sensor at this position can obtain the structural information of the vibration of this order to the greatest extent. For nodes, since the modal vibration is not excited, installing the sensor at the node cannot measure the modal information of this order. However, for each order of vibration, when the sensor is installed at the antinode of a certain order of mode, this position must be the node of another order. Therefore, the acceleration sensor should be installed at the non-node position of each order of vibration of the wire as much as possible.

[0086] According to the mechanical wave theory, the installation position of the acceleration sensor can be characterized by the phase of the vibration wave. Let the installation position of the acceleration sensor be S k , and the phase of each order of modal vibration can be calculated by the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] where S k represents the k-th installation position of the acceleration sensor, and θ represents the phase of each order of modal vibration.

[0089] To obtain the information of each order of vibration mode, the installation position of the acceleration sensor needs to measure the information of the lowest-order and highest-order modal vibrations. Therefore, the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor should make the phases of the highest-order and lowest-order modal vibrations of the wire complementary. The phases of the lowest-order and highest-order modal vibrations can be calculated by the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] where λ max represents the maximum vibration wavelength of the wire, λ min represents the minimum vibration wavelength of the wire, θ max represents the phase corresponding to the maximum vibration wavelength of the wire, and θ min represents the phase corresponding to the minimum vibration wavelength of the wire. Making the phases of the lowest-order and highest-order modal vibrations complementary, the following expression can be obtained:

[0092]

[0093] So far, the preliminary installation position S k of the acceleration sensor can be calculated by the following formula:

[0094]

[0095] Take the calculated series of positions as the preliminary installation positions of the acceleration sensor.

[0096] Then, install the acceleration sensors at these preliminary installation positions. It should be noted that since the wires vibrate in the vertical plane, in order to keep the measurement direction of the sensors consistent with the vibration direction, during the installation process, use glue to horizontally fix the acceleration sensors above the wires to ensure stable contact between each sensor and the wires, and avoid measurement errors caused by poor contact.

[0097] Step S2: Obtain the vibration signals of the wires at the corresponding preliminary installation positions through the acceleration sensors;

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, before obtaining the vibration signals of the wires at the corresponding preliminary installation positions through the acceleration sensors, it further includes:

[0099] Obtain the first display value of the acceleration sensor in the stationary state;

[0100] Apply vibration excitation to the wires to make the wires vibrate;

[0101] After the vibration is stable, obtain the second display value of the same acceleration sensor;

[0102] Compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in a normal state; otherwise, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in an abnormal state, and reinstall the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position.

[0103] For step S2, before conducting the wire vibration test, it is necessary to calibrate the sensors to ensure the accuracy of their measurements. Specifically, install the acceleration sensors at the designated positions and ensure they are in a stationary state. Then, observe and record the display value of the sensor at this time, and take this value as the first display value. Tap the wire gently to make the wire vibrate. When the vibration is stable, observe and record the display value of the acceleration sensor again, and take this value as the second display value. Compare the first display value and the second display value. According to the comparison result, judge the state of the acceleration sensor. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, or the difference between the two is within the allowable error range, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in a normal state, that is, its measurement accuracy meets the test requirements. If there is a significant difference between the first display value and the second display value, or the difference between the two exceeds the allowable error range, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in an abnormal state. This may be caused by reasons such as sensor damage, improper installation, or interference from other external factors. At this time, reinstall or replace the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position to ensure the accuracy of the test.

[0104] After calibrating all the acceleration sensors, an impact hammer is used to apply a vibration excitation to the wire, causing the wire to enter a free decay vibration state, and the sensors synchronously collect the acceleration data of the wire. To ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data, multiple sensors work simultaneously, covering different positions of the wire, and collect vibration signals.

[0105] Step S3: Perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration;

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, performing variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration includes:

[0107] Perform variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal according to a preset penalty factor and a preset number of decomposition modes to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration.

[0108] For step S3, perform variational mode decomposition (VMD) on the vibration acceleration signals collected by each sensor, decompose the complex vibration signal into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) with specific frequency components, and each IMF signal represents the vibration mode of different frequency components in the signal.

[0109] The core formula of VMD decomposition is expressed as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Among them, a represents the penalty factor for controlling the modal bandwidth, β represents the parameter for controlling the similarity between the reconstructed signal and the original signal, k represents the order of the decomposition mode, σ represents the target frequency of the k-th order mode, u k (t) represents the k-th order intrinsic mode function, and x(t) represents the original vibration signal.

[0112] In the iterative process of VMD, according to the center frequency σ of each mode k Update. If the change in frequency is small, it indicates that the frequency estimation has stabilized. The change in frequency can be expressed by the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, represents the center frequency of the k-th order mode after the (n + 1)-th iteration, represents the center frequency of the k-th order mode after the n-th iteration.

[0115] If for all modes, each Δσ k is less than the set threshold ε σ , then the frequency is considered to have converged. The convergence criterion is expressed by the following formula:

[0116] maxΔσ k <ε σ

[0117] So far, the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration can be obtained by the improved VMD algorithm. As Figure 3 shown, it shows the modal decomposition results of a set of measured vibration acceleration data. Figure 3 (a) is the time-domain diagram of the modal decomposition of the acceleration data. Figure 3 (b) is the frequency-domain diagram of the modal decomposition of the acceleration data.

[0118] Among them, the performance of VMD highly depends on the selection of parameters, especially the penalty factor α and the number of decomposition modes k. Therefore, before performing variational mode decomposition, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters α and k. This algorithm searches for the best parameter combination by simulating the movement of particles in the search space.

[0119] Preferably, the preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order are determined by the following method:

[0120] Initialize the position and velocity of the particles; the position includes a penalty factor and a decomposition mode order.

[0121] Execute a loop process until the number of loops reaches the preset number or the fitness converges, and obtain the preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition mode order; the loop process includes:

[0122] Perform modal decomposition and reconstruction on the vibration signal according to the position of the particles to obtain the reconstructed signal.

[0123] Calculate the mean square error according to the vibration signal and the reconstructed signal.

[0124] Calculate the fitness of the current particle according to the mean square error.

[0125] Update the position and velocity of the particles according to the fitness of the current particle, the personal best solution, and the global best solution.

[0126] Specifically, first initialize the parameters. The position of each particle is initialized as a vector containing two elements, representing the penalty factor α and the decomposition mode order k respectively, and the velocity of the particle is also initialized as a vector containing two elements, representing the change rates of α and k. Then, the algorithm executes a loop process until one of the following two termination conditions is met: reaching the preset maximum number of iterations, or the fitness function value converges, that is, in several consecutive iterations, the change in the fitness function value of the particle swarm is very small, indicating that the improvement of the solution becomes negligible.

[0127] It should be noted that the fitness function is used to evaluate the performance of each particle (i.e., each combination of α and k parameters). Since the goal of VMD is to decompose the signal so that the reconstructed signal is as close as possible to the original signal, the fitness function uses the mean square error (MSE) as the measurement criterion:

[0128]

[0129] where x(n) represents the nth sample of the original signal, represents the nth sample of the VMD reconstructed signal, and N represents the number of samples.

[0130] The fitness function is defined as:

[0131]

[0132] where pos(i,:) represents the current solution of the particle, which contains two parameters a and k, pos(i,1) represents the α value of the ith particle, and pos(i,2) represents the k value of the ith particle. The velocity of the particle is updated according to the current position, the personal best solution (pBest i ), and the global best solution (gBest), so that the particle can move towards a solution with better fitness (a smaller error value). The specific velocity update formula is as follows:

[0133] v i (t + 1) = w·v i (t) + c 1 ·rand 1 ·(pBest i - pos i (t)) + c 2 ·rand 2 ·(gBest - pos i (t))

[0134] where v i (t) represents the velocity of particle i at time t, pos i (t) represents the position of particle i at time t, pBest i represents the personal best position of particle i, gBest represents the global best position, w represents the inertia weight, which is used to control the continuity of the particle velocity and is usually adjusted within the range of [0, 1], c 1 and c 2 represent the learning factors, which are used to control the strength of the particle moving towards the personal best solution and the global best solution and are usually set as constants, rand 1 and rand 2 represent independent random numbers, which are usually randomly generated within the range of [0, 1] and are used to enhance the randomness of the search.

[0135] The particle position is a vector representing a candidate solution in the solution space, and the next position of the particle is jointly determined by the current velocity and the current position. The specific position update formula is as follows:

[0136] pos i (t + 1) = pos i (t) + v i (t + 1)

[0137] The larger the fitness value, the better the current solution. The particle determines whether to update its position and velocity by comparing the fitness of the current position with pBest i and gBest. If the change in the fitness function value is very small, it means that the improvement of the solution becomes negligible and the search process tends to be stable. At this time, it can be considered that the algorithm has approached the global optimal solution, and the algorithm is terminated accordingly.

[0138] Step S4: Calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode according to the eigenmode function and vibration signal of each order of vibration;

[0139] In a preferred embodiment, calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode according to the eigenmode function and vibration signal of each order of vibration includes:

[0140] The Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode is calculated according to the eigenmode function and vibration signal of each order of vibration through the following formula:

[0141]

[0142] where ρ k represents the Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th order eigenmode function and the vibration signal, p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d i represents the difference in the rank value of the amplitude at the i-th vibration position between the k-th order eigenmode function and the vibration signal.

[0143] For step S4, according to the vibration acceleration mode decomposition results of each acceleration sensor obtained in step S3, the Spearman correlation coefficient is introduced to evaluate the correlation between the IMF signals of each order of mode and the original vibration acceleration signal, and then the optimal installation position of the acceleration sensor is determined. Specifically, the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode is calculated through the following formula:

[0144]

[0145] where ρ k represents the Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th order eigenmode function and the vibration signal, p represents the length of the vibration signal, and d i represents the difference in the rank value of the amplitude at the i-th vibration position between the k-th order eigenmode function and the vibration signal.

[0146] It should be noted that for the original signal, the vibration amplitudes of all its sample points are sorted in ascending order, and the sorting position (i.e., the rank) of each sample point is recorded. The same operation is performed for each order of IMF signal, sorting the vibration amplitudes of all its sample points and recording the sorting position. For each sample point of the IMF signal, find its position (rank) in the sorting of the IMF signal and its position (rank) in the sorting of the original signal. The absolute value of the difference between these two positions (ranks) is defined as the rank value difference of the sample point.

[0147] Step S5: Sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each order of mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor;

[0148] For step S5, for the acceleration sensor at each position, sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients between each order of mode and the original signal to calculate the average correlation coefficient. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0149]

[0150] where represents the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor at a certain position, k represents the order of mode decomposition, and ρ i represents the Spearman correlation coefficient between the i-th order IMF signal and the original signal. If the average correlation coefficient is relatively high, it indicates that the VMD decomposition effect is relatively good, that is, more vibration mode information can be measured at this installation position. If the average correlation coefficient is relatively low, it means that the VMD decomposition effect is poor, which may imply that the vibration signal at this position is relatively complex, or the application of the VMD decomposition technology at this position is not ideal enough.

[0151] Step S6: Select the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and use the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the best installation position of the wire;

[0152] For step S6, select the position of the acceleration sensor with the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors as the best installation position. This best position can not only capture the vibration mode information of the cable or structure to the greatest extent, but also ensure higher sensitivity and accuracy of the sensor in practical applications. Selecting such an installation position means that it can more comprehensively reflect the dynamic characteristics of the structure, contribute to subsequent vibration analysis and fault diagnosis, and at the same time provide strong data support for the safe operation of the equipment.

[0153] Step S7: Remove the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions other than the optimal installation position.

[0154] For Step S7, after determining the optimal installation position, remove the acceleration sensors at other preliminary installation positions. Through the method for arranging acceleration sensors of the present invention, the number of arranged acceleration sensors is effectively reduced, thereby optimizing the configuration of the overall monitoring system and reducing the operation cost.

[0155] As Figure 4 shown, on the basis of the above method item embodiments, corresponding device item embodiments are provided;

[0156] An embodiment of the present invention provides an arrangement device for an acceleration sensor, including: a preliminary installation module, a signal acquisition module, a modal decomposition module, a correlation coefficient calculation module, an average correlation coefficient calculation module, an optimal installation position confirmation module, and an acceleration sensor arrangement module;

[0157] The preliminary installation module is configured to obtain a plurality of preliminary installation positions and install the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions of the wire;

[0158] The signal acquisition module is configured to obtain the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding preliminary installation position through the acceleration sensor;

[0159] The modal decomposition module is configured to perform variational modal decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration;

[0160] The correlation coefficient calculation module is configured to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order of mode according to the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration and the vibration signal;

[0161] The average correlation coefficient calculation module is configured to sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each order of mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor;

[0162] The optimal installation position confirmation module is configured to select the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and use the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire;

[0163] The acceleration sensor arrangement module is configured to remove the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions other than the optimal installation position.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the arrangement device for the acceleration sensor further includes: a calibration module;

[0165] The calibration module includes: a first static state value acquisition unit, a vibration excitation unit, a second static state value acquisition unit, and a comparison and discrimination unit;

[0166] A first static state value acquisition unit, configured to acquire a first display value of an acceleration sensor in a static state;

[0167] A vibration excitation unit, configured to perform vibration excitation on a wire to cause the wire to vibrate;

[0168] A second static state value acquisition unit, configured to acquire a second display value of the same acceleration sensor after the vibration becomes stable;

[0169] A comparison and discrimination unit, configured to compare the first display value with the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in a normal state; otherwise, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in an abnormal state, and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

[0170] It can be understood that the above device item embodiments correspond to the method item embodiments of the present invention, and can implement the acceleration sensor arrangement method provided by any one of the above method item embodiments of the present invention.

[0171] It should be noted that the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the present embodiment solution. In addition, in the accompanying drawings of the device embodiments provided by the present invention, the connection relationships between the modules indicate that they have communication connections, which can be specifically implemented as one or more communication buses or signal lines. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without creative efforts.

[0172] Based on the above embodiments of the acceleration sensor arrangement method, another embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the acceleration sensor arrangement method of any embodiment of the present invention is implemented.

[0173] Exemplarily, in this embodiment, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules, and the one or more modules are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more module elements can be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device.

[0174] The terminal device can be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook, a palm computer, and a cloud server. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0175] The so-called processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or may also be other general-purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the terminal device and connects all parts of the entire terminal device through various interfaces and lines.

[0176] Based on the above method item embodiments, another embodiment is provided: A computer-readable storage medium provided by another embodiment of the present invention includes a stored computer program, wherein when the computer program runs, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the acceleration sensor arrangement method described in any one of the above method item embodiments of the present invention.

[0177] Among them, if the module / unit integrated in the acceleration sensor arrangement device / terminal device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, to implement all or part of the processes in the above embodiment methods of the present invention, it can also be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above various method embodiments can be implemented. Among them, the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file, or some intermediate form, etc. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc.

[0178] The above is the preferred implementation manner of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging an acceleration sensor, characterized in that: include: Obtaining several preliminary installation positions, and installing the acceleration sensor at the preliminary installation position of the wire; Acquiring a vibration signal of the wire at a corresponding preliminary installation position through the acceleration sensor; Performing variational mode decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain eigenmode functions of each order of vibration; Calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order mode according to the eigenmode function of each order vibration and the vibration signal; The Spearman correlation coefficients of each mode are summed and averaged to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor; Selecting the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and using the initial installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire; The acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions other than the optimal installation position are removed.

2. The method for arranging acceleration sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The several preliminary installation positions are determined by: Obtain the tension, line density and natural circular frequency of the conductor; According to the tension, line density and natural circular frequency of the conductor, the vibration space-time equation of the conductor is constructed; According to the vibration space-time equation, determining the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor; According to the vibration wavelength of each mode of the conductor, the vibration phase of each mode of the conductor is determined, and then according to the vibration phase, several preliminary installation positions are determined.

3. The method for arranging acceleration sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before obtaining the vibration signal of the wire at the corresponding preliminary installation position through the acceleration sensor, the method further includes: Acquire a first display value of the acceleration sensor in a stationary state; Exciting the conductor to vibrate; After the vibration is stable, a second display value of the same acceleration sensor is obtained; The first display value and the second display value are compared. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in a normal state. Otherwise, it is determined that the acceleration sensor is in an abnormal state, and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

4. The method for arranging acceleration sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration signal is subjected to variational mode decomposition to obtain the eigenmode functions of each order of vibration, including: The vibration signal is subjected to variational modal decomposition according to a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition modal order to obtain eigenmodal functions of vibrations of various orders.

5. The method for arranging acceleration sensors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset penalty factor and the preset decomposition modal order are determined in the following manner: Initialize the position and velocity of the particle; the position includes: a penalty factor and a decomposition mode order; The loop process is executed until the number of loops reaches a preset number or the fitness converges, and a preset penalty factor and a preset decomposition modal order are obtained; the loop process includes: Perform modal decomposition and reconstruction on the vibration signal according to the position of the particle to obtain a reconstructed signal; Calculating a mean square error based on the vibration signal and the reconstructed signal; Calculate the fitness of the current particle based on the mean square error; Update the position and velocity of the particle according to the current particle's fitness, personal optimal solution and global optimal solution.

6. The method for arranging acceleration sensors according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the eigenmode functions of the vibrations of each order and the vibration signal, the Spearman correlation coefficients of the modes of each order are calculated, including: According to the eigenmode functions of the vibrations of each order and the vibration signal, the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order mode is calculated by the following formula: Among them, ρ k represents the Spearman correlation coefficient between the k-th order intrinsic mode function and the vibration signal, p represents the length of the vibration signal, d i It represents the difference between the k-th order eigenmode function and the amplitude of the vibration signal at the i-th vibration position.

7. An arrangement device for an acceleration sensor, characterized in that: include: Preliminary installation module, signal acquisition module, modal decomposition module, correlation coefficient calculation module, average correlation coefficient calculation module, optimal installation position confirmation module and acceleration sensor arrangement module; The preliminary installation module is used to obtain a number of preliminary installation positions and install the acceleration sensor at the preliminary installation position of the wire; The signal acquisition module is used to acquire a vibration signal of the wire at a corresponding preliminary installation position through the acceleration sensor; The modal decomposition module is used to perform variational modal decomposition on the vibration signal to obtain the intrinsic mode functions of each order of vibration; The correlation coefficient calculation module is used to calculate the Spearman correlation coefficient of each order mode according to the eigenmode function of each order vibration and the vibration signal; The average correlation coefficient calculation module is used to sum and average the Spearman correlation coefficients of each order mode to obtain the average correlation coefficient of the acceleration sensor; The optimal installation position confirmation module is used to select the highest average correlation coefficient from the average correlation coefficients of all acceleration sensors, and use the preliminary installation position of the acceleration sensor corresponding to the highest average correlation coefficient as the optimal installation position of the wire; The acceleration sensor arrangement module is used to remove the acceleration sensors at the preliminary installation positions except the optimal installation position.

8. The arrangement device of the acceleration sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Verification module; The verification module includes: a first static state value acquisition unit, a vibration excitation unit, a second static state value acquisition unit and a comparison and judgment unit; The first static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire a first display value of the acceleration sensor in a static state; The vibration excitation unit is used to perform vibration excitation on the wire to make the wire vibrate; The second static state value acquisition unit is used to acquire a second display value of the same acceleration sensor after the vibration is stable; The comparison and judgment unit is used to compare the first display value and the second display value. If the first display value is equal to the second display value, it is judged that the acceleration sensor is in a normal state. Otherwise, it is judged that the acceleration sensor is in an abnormal state and the acceleration sensor at the corresponding position is reinstalled.

9. A terminal device, characterized in that: The device comprises a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, the method for arranging the acceleration sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: include: A stored computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed, the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located is controlled to execute the acceleration sensor arrangement method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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