A method for constructing roofs for phase change passive facility agriculture houses

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for constructing a phase change passive facility agricultural building roof. The construction method includes the following steps: (1) silanizing metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles to form a reflective film; (2) mixing group VIII metal compound powder, rubber particle powder, organic solvent and organosilicon source, and then adding acid to obtain a mixed slurry, and forming a heat-absorbing film from the mixed slurry; (3) first covering the outer surface of the roof glass with the heat-absorbing film from step (2), and then covering the upper layer of the heat-absorbing film with the reflective film obtained in step (1); (4) preparing a phase change coating on the inner surface of the roof glass; the phase change coating, the roof glass, the heat-absorbing film and the reflective film constitute the phase change passive facility agricultural building roof. The phase change passive facility agricultural building roof constructed by the method of this invention has advantages such as controllable temperature and humidity, good indoor air quality, high energy efficiency and simple construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of greenhouse environmental control technology for facility agriculture, and specifically relates to a construction method for a phase change passive facility agriculture building roof. Background Technology

[0002] Controlled environmental agriculture (CEPA) is a modern agricultural method that utilizes engineering techniques to achieve high-efficiency production of plants and animals under relatively controlled environmental conditions. In 2012, China's CEPA area accounted for over 85% of the world's total, with over 95% of this utilizing polyolefin greenhouse films. Traditional greenhouses often use sensible heat storage as wall materials, which cannot effectively store heat during the day and cannot automatically acquire heat for warmth at night. Burning biofuels or fossil fuels easily leads to environmental pollution and heat waste. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issues of heat storage, heating, and environmental health in traditional greenhouses within CEPA. Phase change energy storage materials (PCEs) are novel thermal energy storage and release functional materials prepared using phase change materials as the core material and specific encapsulation methods. They can simultaneously meet the technical needs of multiple scenarios, including heat storage, temperature and humidity regulation, and clean ventilation. Combining PCEs with passive greenhouse designs can create new passive phase change greenhouses, meeting the needs of industrial restructuring and upgrading in CEPA.

[0003] CN104145747A discloses a combined active and passive thermal storage wall heating system for a solar greenhouse, mainly comprising a phase change thermal storage wall, a concentrating solar air collector system, an active thermal storage heating system, and an equipment control unit. The phase change thermal storage wall, from the indoor side to the outdoor side, consists of a cement mortar layer, a phase change thermal storage layer formed by encapsulating phase change material in a steel column barrel and pouring thermal storage coils with sand and cement, a load-bearing block layer, and an insulation layer. The active thermal storage heating system comprises a collector, insulated pipes, thermal storage coils, a variable frequency fan, air vents, and air valves. This system combines the active and passive thermal collection, storage, and supply functions of the solar greenhouse wall, significantly enhancing the thermal storage and insulation performance of the greenhouse wall and the greenhouse's solar energy utilization rate, thereby improving the greenhouse wall's ability to regulate the internal thermal environment. However, encapsulating phase change materials in steel column barrels requires a large space, and the steel column barrels are placed in the middle of the sand and cement casting body, resulting in a large thermal resistance of the casting body, which can easily affect the actual heat transfer efficiency of the phase change materials. At the same time, the system only uses phase change materials for heat storage in the greenhouse walls, without comprehensively considering the heat storage and temperature regulation of the greenhouse body, exhaust windows and the ground, so its actual heat storage and energy saving effect is still insufficient.

[0004] CN114916356A discloses a construction system for a solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change heat storage wall in a solar greenhouse. The solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change heat storage wall in a solar greenhouse consists of an outermost insulation material layer, a second outermost heavy cement block brick layer, a middle electrothermal film, and an innermost phase change material layer. A GH-20 cement-based composite phase change heat storage wall panel is applied to the inner surface of the north wall of the east-west oriented solar greenhouse. An electrothermal film, connected to a small low-voltage photovoltaic power generation system, is laid at certain intervals on the inner surface of the second outermost heavy cement block brick layer to achieve efficient active heat storage through solar photovoltaic photothermal technology. The GH-20 cement-based composite phase change heat storage wall panel and the electrothermal film are tightly bonded together. The outermost layer of heavy cement blocks uses hollow blocks, with some hollow cavities serving as air channels to allow hot air from the greenhouse top to enter the walls, storing excess heat within the walls and increasing internal heat storage. The remaining cavities can be filled with clay or fine sand. This system primarily addresses the issues of directly connecting photovoltaic power to the grid, its limited application model, and the difficulty in widespread adoption. However, in terms of heat storage and temperature regulation in solar greenhouses, this system mainly relies on a phase change material layer on the inner side of the greenhouse walls, resulting in limited storage capacity and a simplistic storage method. Heat loss and capture within the overall greenhouse space are not timely enough. Furthermore, the process of hot air from the greenhouse top entering the walls can easily cause a significant drop in humidity within the greenhouse, affecting plant growth and development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for constructing a phase-change passive agricultural facility roof. The phase-change passive agricultural facility roof constructed using this method offers advantages such as controllable temperature and humidity, good indoor air quality, high energy efficiency, and simple construction.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention provides a method for constructing a phase-change passive facility agricultural building roof, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles are treated in a constant humidity environment, and then placed in a silane solvent for silanization modification reaction. The filtered particles are placed in a mixed organic solvent to obtain a mixture, and then a reflective film is made.

[0008] (2) Mix metal compound powder, rubber particle powder, organic solvent and organosilicon source in group VIII, and then add acid to obtain a mixed slurry. The mixed slurry is then made into a heat-absorbing film.

[0009] (3) First, cover the heat-absorbing film from step (2) onto the outer surface of the roof glass, and then cover the reflective film obtained in step (1) onto the top layer of the heat-absorbing film.

[0010] (4) Under the protection of carrier gas, the phase change material and ethylene glycol polymer are mixed and melted, and then polyvinyl alcohol is added to obtain mixture A. Mixture A is mixed with chitosan, gelatin and acidic aqueous solution for reaction, and then water-soluble aldehyde compound is added to continue the reaction. The resulting mixture B is heated and reacted with phosphate ester and acrylate ester. The resulting material is sprayed onto the inner surface of the roof glass and cured to obtain a phase change coating. The phase change coating, roof glass and heat-absorbing film and reflective film constitute the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house.

[0011] Further, in step (1), the metal oxide powder is selected from any one or a combination of several of tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, and magnesium oxide, preferably a combination of all three; wherein, when the three are combined, the mass ratio of tin oxide, gadolinium oxide, and magnesium oxide is 1:(0.05~0.57):(0.01~0.1), preferably 1:(0.13~0.29):(0.05~0.08). The particle diameter of the metal oxide powder is selected from 300nm to 500nm.

[0012] Further, in step (1), the polyfluoroolefin particles are selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymers, preferably tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymers. The average molecular weight of the polyfluoroolefin particles is 1600-3400. The diameter of the polyfluoroolefin particles is 0.25 mm to 1.0 mm.

[0013] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder to the polyfluoroolefin particles is 1:(5-30), preferably 1:(10-20).

[0014] Further, in step (1), the relative humidity of the constant humidity is 40% to 60%, and the treatment time is 15 to 30 hours. Unless otherwise specified, this treatment can be considered to be carried out at room temperature, preferably 20°C to 30°C.

[0015] Further, in step (1), the silane solvent comprises an aqueous siloxane solution and an organic solvent, wherein the siloxane is selected from one or more of tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane and octavinylpolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, preferably vinyltrimethoxysilane; the mass concentration of the aqueous siloxane solution is 2.5% to 13.5%, preferably 4.5% to 8.3%; and the organic solvent is selected from one or more of anhydrous methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and cyclohexane, preferably cyclohexane.

[0016] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder, the siloxane aqueous solution and the organic solvent is 1:(2-12):(5-70), preferably 1:(5-9):(35-50).

[0017] Furthermore, in step (1), the silanization modification reaction time is 0.5h to 10h, preferably 3.5h to 6h.

[0018] Further, in step (1), the mixed organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform-anhydrous methanol (preferably a mass ratio of 1:(0.5-2.3)), cyclopentane-anhydrous ethanol (preferably a mass ratio of 1:(0.3-2.8)), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-acetone (preferably a mass ratio of 1:(0.7-2.5)), with N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-acetone being preferred. When placed in the mixed organic solvent, it is preferable to perform a heated vortex oscillation treatment, wherein the vortex oscillation speed is 1700 rpm to 2100 rpm, the temperature is 18°C ​​to 60°C, preferably 35°C to 45°C, and the time is 15 min to 35 min.

[0019] Further, in step (1), the mass ratio of the filtered particulate matter to the mixed organic solvent is 1:(4-15), preferably 1:(6-9.7).

[0020] Further, in step (1), the method for preparing the reflective film is preferably electrospinning. The injection speed of the electrospinning is 0.37 mL / h to 3.86 mL / h, preferably 0.89 mL / h to 2.05 mL / h, the distance between the injection needle and the collection device is 5 cm to 35 cm, preferably 10 cm to 25 cm, and the voltage is 15 kV to 35 kV. The film obtained by electrospinning is dried to obtain the reflective film, wherein the drying temperature is 35℃ to 85℃, preferably 45℃ to 60℃, and the drying time is 5 h to 24 h, preferably 8 h to 16 h.

[0021] Further, in step (2), the metal compound in Group VIII is an iron compound, preferably selected from one or more of ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, and ferric nitrate, more preferably ferric chloride. The particle size of the metal compound powder in Group VIII is 70 mesh to 150 mesh.

[0022] Furthermore, in step (2), the particle size of the rubber granules is 100 mesh to 300 mesh.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from one or more of anhydrous ethanol, acetone and chloroform, preferably anhydrous ethanol.

[0024] Further, in step (2), the organosilicon source is selected from one or more of tetraethyl orthosilicate, triethoxysilane and n-octyltrichlorosilane, preferably n-octyltrichlorosilane.

[0025] Further, in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder, rubber particle powder, organic solvent and organosilicon source in the group VIII is 1:(0.01~0.56):(0.35~3):(0.5~3.7), preferably 1:(0.07~0.28):(0.75~1.5):(0.8~2).

[0026] Further, in step (2), the acid is selected from any one or a combination of several of tartaric acid, salicylic acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid; preferably, the mass concentration of the acid in the acid solution is 20% to 60%, preferably, the acid solution is a combination of salicylic acid aqueous solution and nitric acid aqueous solution, the mass concentration of the salicylic acid aqueous solution is 20% to 30%, the mass concentration of the nitric acid aqueous solution is 50% to 60%, and the mass ratio of the salicylic acid aqueous solution to the nitric acid aqueous solution is 1:(0.5 to 2).

[0027] Further, in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder in group VIII to the acid solution is 1:(0.35 to 3.55), preferably 1:(0.95 to 1.73).

[0028] Furthermore, in step (2), the mixing of each material is preferably carried out under stirring, with a stirring speed of 150 rpm to 250 rpm, a stirring temperature of 25°C to 55°C, and a stirring time of 20 min to 50 min.

[0029] Further, in step (2), the method for forming the heat-absorbing film from the mixed slurry is a dynamic coating method, preferably a dynamic coating method on the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. Specifically, the mixed slurry is dynamically coated on the surface of a PTFE membrane under vacuum to obtain a membrane module, and the membrane module is dried to obtain the heat-absorbing film. Further, the dynamic coating preferably employs a reciprocating cycle of at least three times, preferably three to five times. The interval between changes in the flow direction of the mixed slurry is 6 min to 13 min. Further, the drying temperature is 35℃ to 50℃, and the drying time is 35 h to 50 h. In step (2), the vacuum degree under vacuum is 60 kPa to 80 kPa.

[0030] Furthermore, in step (3), the roof glass is preferably pre-cleaned by rinsing with tap water.

[0031] Furthermore, in step (3), the covering can be achieved using a film covering machine, which also has an automatic film rolling function.

[0032] Further, in step (3), the thickness of the reflective film is 2.5μm to 20μm, preferably 5μm to 10μm, and the thickness of the heat-absorbing film is 10μm to 50μm, preferably 20μm to 30μm.

[0033] Further, in step (4), the carrier gas is selected from at least one of high-purity nitrogen or an inert gas, wherein the inert gas is selected from high-purity helium or / and high-purity argon, and the purity of the carrier gas is greater than 99% vol.

[0034] Further, in step (4), the phase change material is selected from one or more of industrial paraffin and n-alkanes with a phase change temperature of 37℃~46℃, and the average molecular weight of the ethylene glycol polymer is 800~1500.

[0035] Furthermore, in step (4), the melting temperature is 55°C to 64°C.

[0036] Furthermore, in step (4), the degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol is 80% to 90%, and the viscosity is 15 mPa.s to 30 mPa.s.

[0037] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of paraffin, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(0.25-1.5):(0.05-0.25), preferably 1:(0.75-1.05):(0.09-0.16).

[0038] Furthermore, in step (4), the paraffin, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol are preferably mixed under stirring, with a stirring speed of 300 rpm to 500 rpm and a stirring time of 20 min to 30 min.

[0039] Further, in step (4), the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is 83% to 95%, the relative molecular mass of the gelatin is 50,000 to 70,000, and the acidic aqueous solution is selected from acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1% to 5%.

[0040] Further, in step (4), the water-soluble aldehyde compound is selected from at least one of glyoxal, succinaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde, preferably glutaraldehyde; the water-soluble aldehyde compound is in the form of an aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 20% to 35%.

[0041] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of paraffin, chitosan, gelatin, acidic aqueous solution and water-soluble aldehyde compound is 1:(0.2-4):(0.3-5):(1.5-8):(0.05-0.65), preferably 1:(0.8-2.9):(1-3.5):(2.3-5.2):(0.1-0.4).

[0042] Further, in step (4), the mixture A is mixed with chitosan, gelatin and acidic aqueous solution to react, preferably under stirring. The stirring speed of the reaction is 1500 rpm to 3300 rpm, the stirring time is 15 min to 45 min, and the reaction temperature is 50℃ to 80℃, preferably 60℃ to 70℃.

[0043] Furthermore, in step (4), the reaction time after adding the water-soluble aldehyde compound is 30 min to 180 min, the stirring speed is 700 rpm to 1100 rpm, and the temperature is 50℃ to 80℃.

[0044] Further, in step (4), the phosphate ester is selected from one or more of dimethyl methyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and trioctyl phosphate, preferably dimethyl methyl phosphate.

[0045] Further, in step (4), the acrylate is selected from one or more of methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and dipentaerythritol acrylate, preferably dipentaerythritol acrylate.

[0046] Further, in step (4), the mass ratio of paraffin, phosphate ester and acrylate is 1:(0.2-4.0):(0.3-5.0), preferably 1:(1.8-2.9):(2.3-4.0).

[0047] Further, in step (4), the mixture B is heated with phosphate ester and acrylate at a temperature of 50°C to 80°C for 5 min to 30 min and a stirring speed of 800 rpm to 1200 rpm.

[0048] Further, in step (4), the spraying voltage is 20kV to 80kV, preferably 35kV to 65kV, the gun distance is 12cm to 35cm, preferably 17cm to 24cm, the spraying pressure is 0.2bar to 2.3bar, preferably 0.7bar to 1.5bar, and the spraying flow rate is 5mL / min to 25mL / min, preferably 10mL / min to 15mL / min.

[0049] Further, in step (4), the curing is performed by ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment, wherein the ultraviolet light wavelength is 300nm~400nm, preferably 330nm~360nm, the curing temperature is 50℃~120℃, preferably 65℃~80℃, and the curing time is 3min~35min, preferably 12min~20min.

[0050] Furthermore, in step (4), the phase change coating thickness is 75μm to 200μm, preferably 130μm to 160μm.

[0051] This invention relates to a method for constructing roofs for phase change passive facility agriculture buildings, and falls within the technical field of phase change passive facility agriculture building construction systems.

[0052] Furthermore, the heat storage capacity (i.e., latent heat value of phase change) of the roof of the phase change passive facility agriculture building constructed by the method is greater than 80 J / g, the summer solar reflectance index (SRI) is greater than 90, and the winter solar absorptivity is greater than 70%. Even further, the heat storage capacity (i.e., latent heat value of phase change) of the roof of the phase change passive facility agriculture building is 100 J / g to 130 J / g, the summer solar reflectance index (SRI) is 105 to 120, and the winter solar absorptivity is 85% to 95%.

[0053] Furthermore, the average indoor temperature of the phase-change passive facility agriculture building constructed by the method is 18℃~28℃, and the relative humidity (average relative humidity in winter or summer) is 55%~77%, achieving an energy saving rate of 57%~77% compared to conventional coal-fired greenhouses. Even further, the average indoor temperature of the phase-change passive facility agriculture building is 22℃~26℃, and the relative humidity (average relative humidity in winter or summer) is 60%~70%, achieving an energy saving rate of 63%~77% compared to conventional coal-fired greenhouses.

[0054] In this invention, the average indoor temperature of the phase change passive facility agriculture building refers to the average temperature range over a year.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0056] (1) In the preparation of the roof reflective film, this invention uses a combination of metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles as the reflective matrix. Polyfluoroolefin exhibits a strong emission effect in the infrared spectral band and can serve as a radiation source for radiative cooling. In particular, the tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer contains abundant fibrous and porous structures, exhibiting strong diffuse reflection capability for visible light in the infrared spectral band, which can effectively cope with strong sunlight in summer and autumn. Preferably, a combination of multiple metal oxides is used, utilizing synergistic effects to achieve high reflectivity in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges of the film material. Simultaneously, the combination with polyfluoroolefin achieves a better roof radiative cooling effect.

[0057] (2) In the preparation of the roof reflective film, this invention employs a silanization pretreatment method. Utilizing the different functional groups at both ends of the silane molecule, organic materials (polyfluoroolefin particles) and inorganic materials (metal oxide powder) are simultaneously connected, forming a bonding layer of inorganic material-silane molecule-organic material. This enhances the interfacial forces between the composite materials and ensures strong adhesion of the metal oxide powder to the polyfluoroolefin film surface. Furthermore, during the silanization pretreatment stage, silane molecules and polyfluoroolefin undergo cross-linking to form an interpenetrating network structure, improving the compatibility between silane molecules and polyfluoroolefin.

[0058] (3) In the process of preparing the roof heat-absorbing film, this invention improves the heat absorption effect of the film matrix by adding metal compound powder and rubber particle powder from Group VIII. In particular, the addition of iron from the metal compound from Group VIII can promote the change of its color depth with the increase or decrease of the amount added, thereby changing the heat absorption capacity of the film. The organosilicon source is hydrolyzed into siloxane prepolymer under the action of acidic solution, which fully coats the metal compound powder and rubber particle powder from Group VIII, preventing them from being lost during use and reducing their performance degradation. After multiple circulations by a peristaltic pump, they are evenly distributed on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene film, resulting in a long service life.

[0059] (4) The present invention lays both reflective film and heat-absorbing film on the roof of a phase change passive facility agricultural house. The different types of film can be automatically switched by a film covering machine in different seasons, which can significantly improve the cooling and heat storage effect of the roof structure and save energy consumption for cooling and heating.

[0060] (5) This invention uses a phase change material and an ethylene glycol polymer melt blend to prepare a composite phase change material. Adding a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol can enhance the latent heat of phase change (i.e., heat storage capacity) of the composite phase change material. Using chitosan and gelatin as shell components increases the material's environmental friendliness and biocompatibility. Water-soluble aldehyde compounds are used to perform an amine-aldehyde condensation reaction with chitosan molecules to further solidify the shell material. The phase change capsule prepolymer is mixed with phosphate ester and acrylate and then sprayed onto the inner surface of the roof glass. This not only fully fixes the phase change capsule on the inner surface of the glass to play a role in heat storage and temperature regulation, but the phosphate ester and acrylate carriers also play a certain role in heat insulation. In addition, ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment can improve the anti-aging and wear resistance of the ester-based phase change heat storage material. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 Temperature change curves for outdoor environment, Example 1, and Comparative Example 6 over a day;

[0062] Figure 2 The relative humidity change curves for outdoor environment, Example 1 and Comparative Example 6 were prepared over a day. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The following embodiments further illustrate the construction method and effects of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof of the present invention. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0064] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods in the art. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental materials used in the following examples were purchased from conventional biochemical reagent stores.

[0065] In this invention, a DSC-60Plus differential scanning calorimeter manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation of Japan was used to determine the latent heat of phase change (i.e., heat storage capacity) of the heat storage material. The test temperature range was 0℃ to 100℃, the heating rate was 10℃ / min, and high-purity nitrogen was used as the carrier gas for protection.

[0066] In this invention, the Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) indicates the material's ability to resist solar heat; the higher the SRI, the smaller the temperature rise of the material under solar irradiation. By definition, standard black (solar reflectance 0.05, emissivity 0.9) has an SRI of 0, while standard white (solar reflectance 0.8, emissivity 0.9) has an SRI of 100. National standards require that the SRI be calculated according to the standard calculation method of ASTM E1980 to convert the material's SRI value.

[0067] In this invention, solar absorptivity (SA) is the ratio of solar energy absorbed by the glass to the total solar energy incident on the glass surface across the entire wavelength range of sunlight.

[0068] In this invention, an ITHX-SD temperature and humidity chart logger manufactured by OMEGA Corporation of the United States is used to monitor the temperature and humidity trends inside a phase change passive facility agriculture building. The logger has a resolution of 0.1℃ / 0.1%, a temperature response time of 5s, and a humidity response time of 8s.

[0069] In this invention, the coal consumption per unit area is used as a reference for the energy saving rate. The calculation formula for the coal consumption per unit area of ​​different agricultural greenhouses is as follows:

[0070] m=(q×t) / (η×H)×10 -3 ×859.8×(t i -t a ) / (t i -t h );

[0071] In the formula, m represents the coal consumption per unit greenhouse area for heating, in kg / m². 2 q represents the heat load per unit greenhouse area, in W / m². 2 t represents the number of heating hours during the heating season (h); η represents the boiler efficiency; H represents the calorific value of standard coal, calculated at 7000 kcal / kg standard coal, 1 kW = 859.8 kcal / h; t i The temperature for calculating the greenhouse temperature is set at 12℃ to ensure the growth of fruits and vegetables; t a t represents the average outdoor temperature during the heating season, and t represents the average daily outdoor temperature during the start and end dates of the heating season. h The outdoor calculated temperature for the heating season.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] Construction method for phase change passive facility agricultural building roof: Take 100g of metal oxide powder with a diameter of 400nm (79.36g tin oxide, 15.87g gadolinium oxide, 4.77g magnesium oxide) and 1500g of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer (molecular weight 2300) with a diameter of 0.5mm and treat it at 25℃ and 50% relative humidity for 20h. Then, it is silanized and modified in 700g of 6.8% vinyltrimethoxysilane aqueous solution and 4000g of cyclohexane for 4.5h. The silanized mixture is filtered, and 100g of the filtered particles are transferred to 800g of... The solution was treated in a vortex shaker at 40°C and 1900 rpm for 25 min in a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and acetone (N,N-dimethylacetamide to acetone mass ratio of 1:1). The mixed solution was then injected into the reservoir of an electrospinning device. A reflective film was prepared at an injection rate of 1.63 mL / h, a distance of 15 cm between the injection needle and the collection device, and a voltage of 20 kV. The reflective film was then dried at 50°C for 12 h.

[0074] Take 100g of 100-mesh ferric chloride, 15g of 200-mesh rubber granule powder, 120g of anhydrous ethanol and 100g of n-octyltrichlorosilane and mix them. Stir at 200rpm and 40℃ for 30min. Then add 127g of acid solution (63.5g of 25% salicylic acid aqueous solution and 63.5g of 55% nitric acid aqueous solution) and continue stirring until homogeneous. Stop stirring and use a peristaltic pump to circulate the mixed solution back and forth on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane five times. This process is carried out under vacuum with a vacuum degree of 70kPa. The interval between changing the flow direction of the solution is 10min. Finally, place the membrane module in a drying oven and dry at 40℃ for 42h to obtain the heat-absorbing film.

[0075] The roof glass of the phase change passive facility agriculture building was pre-cleaned with tap water and then air-dried. A film covering machine with an automatic film rolling function was used to cover the outer surface of the roof glass with a reflective film thickness of 7.5 μm and a heat-absorbing film thickness of 24 μm. Under a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, 100 g of industrial paraffin wax with a phase change temperature of 43℃ and 86 g of ethylene glycol polymer with an average molecular weight of 1200 were mixed and melted. 13 g of polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of hydrolysis of 83% and a viscosity of 20 mPa·s was added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 25 min. The mixture was then mixed with 160 g of chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of 90%, 220 g of gelatin with a relative molecular mass of 63000, and 350 g of a 3.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, and stirred at 2100 rpm and 64℃ for 20 min. Finally, 27 g of a 26% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred at 850 rpm and 70℃. The mixture was stirred for another 80 minutes. The resulting mixture was then stirred with 230 g of dimethyl methyl phosphate and 340 g of dipentaerythritol acrylate at 65 °C and 1000 rpm for 17 minutes. The mixture was then transferred to an electroplating processor and electroplated onto the inner surface of the roof glass at a plating voltage of 46 kV, a gun distance of 19 cm, a plating pressure of 1.1 bar, and a plating flow rate of 12 mL / min. Simultaneously, ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment was used, with an ultraviolet wavelength of 340 nm, a curing temperature of 70 °C, and a curing time of 16 minutes, resulting in a uniform and dense phase change coating with a thickness of 145 μm. This completed the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural building roof.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] Construction method for phase change passive facility agricultural building roof: Take 100g of metal oxide powder with a diameter of 400nm (79.36g tin oxide, 15.87g gadolinium oxide, 4.77g magnesium oxide) and 1000g of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer (molecular weight 2300) with a diameter of 0.5mm and treat it at 25℃ and 50% relative humidity for 20h. Then, it is silanized and modified in 500g of 6.8% vinyltrimethoxysilane aqueous solution and 3500g of cyclohexane for 4.5h. The silanized mixture is filtered, and 100g of the filtered particles are transferred to 800g of... The solution was treated in a vortex shaker at 40°C and 1900 rpm for 25 min in a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and acetone (N,N-dimethylacetamide to acetone mass ratio 1:1). The mixed solution was then injected into the reservoir of an electrospinning device. The reflective film was prepared at an injection rate of 1.63 mL / h, a distance of 15 cm between the injection needle and the collection device, and a voltage of 20 kV. The reflective film was then dried at 50°C for 12 h.

[0078] Take 100g of 100-mesh ferric chloride, 7g of 200-mesh rubber granule powder, 75g of anhydrous ethanol and 80g of n-octyltrichlorosilane and mix them. Stir at 200rpm and 40℃ for 30min. Then add 95g of acid solution (47.5g of 25% salicylic acid aqueous solution and 47.5g of 55% nitric acid aqueous solution) and continue stirring until homogeneous. Stop stirring when the solution is homogeneous. Use a peristaltic pump to circulate the mixed solution back and forth on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane five times. The process is carried out under vacuum with a vacuum degree of 70kPa. The interval between changing the flow direction of the solution is 10min. Finally, place the membrane module in a drying oven and dry at 40℃ for 42h to obtain the heat-absorbing film.

[0079] The roof glass of the phase change passive facility agriculture building was pre-cleaned with tap water and then air-dried. A film covering machine with an automatic film rolling function was used to cover the outer surface of the roof glass with a reflective film thickness of 7.5 μm and a heat-absorbing film thickness of 24 μm. Under a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, 100 g of industrial paraffin wax with a phase change temperature of 43℃ and 75 g of ethylene glycol polymer with an average molecular weight of 1200 were mixed and melted. 9 g of polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of hydrolysis of 83% and a viscosity of 20 mPa·s was added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 25 min. The mixture was then mixed with 80 g of chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of 90%, 100 g of gelatin with a relative molecular mass of 63000, and 230 g of a 3.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, and stirred at 2100 rpm and 64℃ for 20 min. Finally, 10 g of a 26% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred at 850 rpm and 70℃. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 80 minutes. The resulting mixture was then stirred with 180 g of dimethyl methyl phosphate and 230 g of dipentaerythritol acrylate at 65 °C and 1000 rpm for 17 minutes. The mixture was then transferred to an electroplating processor and electroplated onto the inner surface of the roof glass at a plating voltage of 46 kV, a gun distance of 19 cm, a plating pressure of 1.1 bar, and a plating flow rate of 12 mL / min. Simultaneously, ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment was performed, with an ultraviolet wavelength of 340 nm, a curing temperature of 70 °C, and a curing time of 16 minutes, resulting in a uniform and dense phase change coating with a thickness of 145 μm. This completed the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural building roof.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] Construction method for phase change passive facility agricultural building roof: Take 100g of metal oxide powder with a diameter of 400nm (79.36g tin oxide, 15.87g gadolinium oxide, 4.77g magnesium oxide) and 2000g of tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer (molecular weight 2300) with a diameter of 0.5mm and treat it at 25℃ and 50% relative humidity for 20h. Then, it is silanized and modified in 900g of 6.8% vinyltrimethoxysilane aqueous solution and 5000g of cyclohexane for 4.5h. The silanized mixture is filtered, and 100g of the filtered particles are transferred to 800g of... The solution was treated in a vortex shaker at 40°C and 1900 rpm for 25 min in a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and acetone (N,N-dimethylacetamide to acetone mass ratio 1:1). The mixed solution was then injected into the reservoir of an electrospinning device. The reflective film was prepared at an injection rate of 1.63 mL / h, a distance of 15 cm between the injection needle and the collection device, and a voltage of 20 kV. The reflective film was then dried at 50°C for 12 h.

[0082] Take 100g of 100-mesh ferric chloride, 28g of 200-mesh rubber granule powder, 150g of anhydrous ethanol and 200g of n-octyltrichlorosilane and mix them. Stir at 200rpm and 40℃ for 30min. Then add 173g of acid solution (86.5g of 25% salicylic acid aqueous solution and 86.5g of 55% nitric acid aqueous solution) and continue stirring until homogeneous. Stop stirring after the solution is homogeneous. Use a peristaltic pump to circulate the mixed solution back and forth on the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane five times. The process is carried out under vacuum with a vacuum degree of 70kPa. The interval between changing the flow direction of the solution is 10min. Finally, place the membrane module in a drying oven and dry at 40℃ for 42h to obtain the heat-absorbing film.

[0083] The roof glass of the phase change passive facility agriculture building was pre-cleaned with tap water and then air-dried. A film covering machine with an automatic film rolling function was used to cover the outer surface of the roof glass with a reflective film thickness of 7.5 μm and a heat-absorbing film thickness of 24 μm. Under a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, 100 g of industrial paraffin wax with a phase change temperature of 43℃ and 105 g of ethylene glycol polymer with an average molecular weight of 1200 were mixed and melted. 16 g of polyvinyl alcohol with a degree of hydrolysis of 83% and a viscosity of 20 mPa·s was added, and the mixture was stirred at 400 rpm for 25 min. The mixture was then mixed with 290 g of chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of 90%, 350 g of gelatin with a relative molecular mass of 63000, and 520 g of a 3.5% acetic acid aqueous solution, and stirred at 2100 rpm and 64℃ for 20 min. Finally, 40 g of a 26% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was stirred at 850 rpm and 70℃. The mixture was stirred and reacted for another 80 minutes at ℃. The resulting mixture was then stirred and reacted with 290 g of dimethyl methyl phosphate and 400 g of dipentaerythritol acrylate at 65 ℃ and 1000 rpm for 17 minutes. The mixture was then transferred to an electroplating processor and electroplated onto the inner surface of the roof glass at a plating voltage of 46 kV, a gun distance of 19 cm, a plating pressure of 1.1 bar, and a plating flow rate of 12 mL / min. Simultaneously, ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment was used, with an ultraviolet wavelength of 340 nm, a curing temperature of 70 ℃, and a curing time of 16 minutes, resulting in a uniform and dense phase change coating with a thickness of 145 μm. This completed the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural building roof.

[0084] Example 4

[0085] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof. The diameter of the metal oxide powder particles is reduced to 300 nm, the mass of tin oxide is increased to 86.95 g, the mass of gadolinium oxide is reduced to 4.34 g, and the mass of magnesium oxide is increased to 8.71 g. Polytetrafluoroethylene is used to replace the tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer, the particle diameter is increased to 1 mm, the amount of polytetrafluoroethylene is increased to 3000 g, octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane is used to replace vinyltrimethoxysilane, and the mass concentration of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane is increased to 13%. Other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof. In this method, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is used instead of cyclohexane, the mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane is increased to 1200g, the silanization modification reaction time is extended to 10h, a chloroform-anhydrous methanol mixed organic solvent with a mass ratio of 1:1 is used instead of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)-acetone, and the mass of the mixed organic solvent is reduced to 400g. Other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0088] Example 6

[0089] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof. The injection speed of the electrospinning machine is increased to 3.86 mL / h, the distance between the injection needle and the collection device is shortened to 5 cm, the drying temperature of the reflective film is increased to 85°C, the drying time is shortened to 5 h, ferric sulfate is used instead of ferric chloride, the particle size of the rubber granules is increased to 300 mesh, acetone is used instead of anhydrous ethanol, and tetraethyl orthosilicate is used instead of n-octyltrichlorosilane. Other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof.

[0090] Example 7

[0091] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof. The mass of rubber granule powder is reduced to 1g, the mass of anhydrous ethanol is increased to 300g, the mass of vinyltrimethoxysilane is reduced to 50g, tartaric acid aqueous solution (mass concentration of 45%) is used instead of salicylic acid and nitric acid combination, and the mass of acid solution is increased to 300g. The mass of polyethylene glycol is increased to 150g, the mass of polyvinyl alcohol is reduced to 5g, the mass of chitosan is reduced to 20g, the mass of gelatin is reduced to 30g, the mass of acidic aqueous solution is increased to 700g, and the mass of glutaraldehyde is increased to 40g. Other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agriculture house roof.

[0092] Example 8

[0093] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof. The thickness of the reflective film is increased to 20 μm, the thickness of the heat-absorbing film is reduced to 10 μm, the stirring speed of the mixture with the acidic aqueous solution of chitosan gelatin is increased to 3000 rpm, the stirring time is extended to 45 min, the temperature is reduced to 50°C, the spraying voltage is increased to 80 kV, the gun distance is reduced to 12 cm, the spraying pressure is reduced to 0.2 bar, the spraying flow rate is increased to 25 mL / min, the ultraviolet wavelength is shortened to 300 nm, the curing temperature is increased to 120°C, the curing time is extended to 35 min, and the thickness of the phase change coating is reduced to 75 μm. Other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0094] Example 9

[0095] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the construction method of the roof of the phase change passive facility agriculture house. Triphenyl phosphate is used instead of dimethyl methyl phosphate, and methyl methacrylate is used instead of dipentaerythritol acrylate. The mass of dimethyl methyl phosphate is increased to 400g, and the mass of dipentaerythritol acrylate is reduced to 30g. Other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the roof of the phase change passive facility agriculture house.

[0096] Example 10

[0097] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the omission of gadolinium oxide and magnesium oxide in the preparation process of the reflective film, while other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the roof of the phase change passive facility agriculture house.

[0098] Comparative Example 1

[0099] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the fact that the metal oxide powder is omitted in the process of preparing the roof reflective film, while other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0100] Comparative Example 2

[0101] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that polyfluoroolefin particles are omitted in the process of preparing the roof reflective film, while other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the fact that the silanization modification process is omitted in the preparation of the roof reflective film, while other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0104] Comparative Example 4

[0105] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the fact that ferric chloride is omitted in the process of preparing the roof heat-absorbing film, while other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof.

[0106] Comparative Example 5

[0107] Compared to Example 1, the difference lies in omitting the dimethyl methyl phosphate, dipentaerythritol acrylate, and UV curing processes, while keeping other reaction conditions and material composition unchanged, thus completing the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural building roof. Comparative Example 6

[0108] Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the fact that the phase change coating is omitted in the construction method of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof, while other reaction conditions and material composition remain unchanged, and the construction of the phase change passive facility agricultural house roof is completed.

[0109] Comparative Example 7

[0110] According to the method described in CN104145747A, the phase change thermal storage wall consists of a cement mortar layer, a phase change material encapsulated in a steel column barrel and a phase change thermal storage layer made of sand, gravel and cement, a load-bearing block layer, and an insulation layer from the indoor side to the outdoor side. The solar air collector system consists of multiple sets of concentrating solar air collectors connected in series, and a shading device for summer is installed on the upper part of the collector. The active thermal storage heating system consists of collectors, insulated pipes, thermal storage coils, variable frequency fans, air outlets and air valves. The equipment control unit consists of a controller, temperature sensors and electric regulating air valves, resulting in a solar greenhouse active and passive coordinated thermal storage wall heating system.

[0111] Comparative Example 8

[0112] According to the method described in CN114916356A, the solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change heat storage wall of a solar greenhouse consists of an outermost insulation material layer, a second outermost heavy cement block brick layer, a middle electric heating film, and an inner phase change material layer. The solar energy system includes solar photovoltaic panels, a solar controller, a solar inverter, and a switch. During the day, it can supply power to the electric heating film in the phase change heat storage wall system and household or agricultural appliances. Excess electricity can be stored in the energy storage system or connected to the main power grid. The cement-based composite phase change heat storage wall panel is the inner surface layer of the solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change heat storage wall of the solar greenhouse. The second outermost layer of the north wall, which is composed of cement hollow block bricks, is equipped with multiple wall air channels. After being connected in parallel, these channels are sequentially connected with the duct fan to form a greenhouse roof wind waste heat utilization system, thus obtaining the solar photovoltaic "quadruple" structure phase change heat storage wall construction system.

[0113] In Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-6, the perimeter wall of the phase change passive facility agriculture house adopts an east-west rectangular hot-dip galvanized steel structure frame with a length of 12m, a width of 4.5m, and a height of 3.3m. The wall is made of double-layer hollow tempered glass with a thickness of 4mm and a spacer of 6mm. The joints are made of steel. Five square ventilation windows with a side length of 40cm are installed on the south and north sides of the wall. Fans are used for ventilation and air exchange, with an air exchange rate of 1.25 times / min, providing fresh air to the room. The indoor floor is a 30cm thick layer of leaf mold.

[0114] Test Example 1

[0115] The performance of the phase change passive facility agriculture houses in Examples 1-9 and Comparative Examples 1-8 was measured, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1. Performance of the phase change passive facility agriculture housing construction systems prepared in the examples and comparative examples.

[0117]

[0118] As shown in Table 1, the phase change passive facility agriculture house prepared by the method of the present invention has a high roof heat storage and temperature regulation capacity, a high solar reflectance index in summer, and a high solar absorptivity in winter. In Example 1, the roof heat storage capacity reaches 130 J / g, and the summer roof solar reflectance index and winter roof solar absorptivity reach 120% and 95%, respectively. In Comparative Examples 7 and 8, the roof heat storage capacity is less than 30 J / g, and the summer roof solar reflectance index and winter roof solar absorptivity are less than 50% and 65%, respectively. In Example 1, the roof heat storage capacity remains at 127.6 J / g after one year of use, while in Comparative Example 7, the roof heat storage capacity is only 13.5 J / g after one year of use.

[0119] Test Example 2

[0120] The performance of the phase change passive facility agriculture houses in Examples 1, 2, 6 and Comparative Examples 5-8 in winter and summer was measured, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0121] Table 2. Performance of Phase Change Passive Facility Agricultural Housing Prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples in Winter and Summer.

[0122]

[0123] The winter test was conducted in Dalian on a sunny day in January. According to local meteorological data, the total solar radiation at noon that day was 500 W / m². 2The test was conducted from 0:00 to 23:00, with an average outdoor temperature of -9.8℃ and an average outdoor relative humidity of 50%.

[0124] The summer test was conducted in Dalian on a sunny day in August. According to local meteorological data, the total solar radiation at noon that day was 700 W / m². 2 The test was conducted from 0:00 to 23:00, with an average outdoor temperature of 26.5℃ and an average outdoor relative humidity of 93%.

[0125] As shown in Table 2, the phase change passive greenhouse prepared by the method of this invention has ideal performance. In Example 1, the average indoor temperature of the phase change passive greenhouse in winter was 23.7℃, and the relative humidity was 63.8%. Compared with a conventional coal-fired greenhouse, the energy saving rate was 77%, while the performance indicators of the comparative sample were significantly lower than those of the example sample. Figure 1 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the phase change passive facility agriculture house prepared by the method of Example 1 has significantly lower indoor temperature and relative humidity fluctuations throughout the day than the phase change passive facility agriculture house prepared by the comparative example method.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a phase-change passive facility agricultural building roof, comprising the following steps: (1) Metal oxide powder and polyfluoroolefin particles are treated in a constant humidity environment, and then placed in a silane solvent for silanization modification reaction. The filtered particles are placed in a mixed organic solvent to obtain a mixture, which is then made into a reflective film. (2) Mix metal compound powder, rubber particle powder, organic solvent and organosilicon source in group VIII, and then add acid to obtain a mixed slurry. The mixed slurry is then made into a heat-absorbing film. (3) First, cover the heat-absorbing film of step (2) onto the outer surface of the roof glass, and then cover the reflective film obtained in step (1) onto the upper layer of the heat-absorbing film; wherein, a film covering machine with automatic film rolling function is used to cover the reflective film and the heat-absorbing film onto the outer surface of the roof glass respectively, and the film covering machine automatically switches between different types of films in different seasons. (4) Under the protection of carrier gas, the phase change material and ethylene glycol polymer are mixed and melted, and then polyvinyl alcohol is added to obtain mixture A. Mixture A is mixed with chitosan, gelatin and acidic aqueous solution for reaction, and then water-soluble aldehyde compound is added to continue the reaction. The resulting mixture B is heated and reacted with phosphate ester and acrylate ester. The resulting material is sprayed onto the inner surface of the roof glass and cured to obtain a phase change coating. The phase change coating, roof glass and heat-absorbing film and reflective film constitute the roof of the phase change passive facility agricultural house. In step (1), the metal oxide powder is selected from any one or a combination of several of tin oxide, gadolinium oxide and magnesium oxide; In step (1), the polyfluoroolefin particles are selected from one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene polymer; In step (1), the silane solvent comprises an aqueous siloxane solution and an organic solvent, wherein the siloxane is selected from one or more of tetraethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, and octavinylpolyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; the mass concentration of the aqueous siloxane solution is 2.5% to 13.5%; and the organic solvent is selected from one or more of anhydrous methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide, and cyclohexane. In step (1), the mixed organic solvent is selected from one or more of chloroform-anhydrous methanol, cyclopentane-anhydrous ethanol, and N,N-dimethylacetamide-acetone.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder to the polyfluoroolefin particles is 1:(5-30). And / or, in step (1), the relative humidity of the constant humidity is 40% to 60%, and the processing time is 15h to 30h; And / or, in step (1), the mass ratio of the metal oxide powder, the siloxane aqueous solution, and the organic solvent is 1:(2-12):(5-70); And / or, in step (1), the silanization modification reaction time is 0.5 h to 10 h; And / or, in step (1), the mass ratio of the filtered particulate matter to the mixed organic solvent is 1:(4-15); And / or, in step (1), the method for producing the reflective film is electrospinning.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the metal compound in Group VIII is an iron compound; the particle size of the metal compound powder in Group VIII is 70 mesh to 150 mesh. And / or, in step (2), the particle size of the rubber granules is 100 mesh to 300 mesh; And / or, in step (2), the organic solvent is selected from one or more of anhydrous ethanol, acetone and chloroform; And / or, in step (2), the organosilicon source is selected from one or more of tetraethyl orthosilicate, triethoxysilane and n-octyltrichlorosilane; And / or, in step (2), the acid is selected from any one or a combination of several of tartaric acid, salicylic acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the metal compound in group VIII is selected from one or more of ferric sulfate, ferric chloride and ferric nitrate.

5. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder, rubber particle powder, organic solvent, and organosilicon source in the group VIII is 1:(0.01-0.56):(0.35-3):(0.5-3.7). And / or, in step (2), the mass ratio of the metal compound powder in group VIII to the acid solution is 1:(0.35 to 3.55).

6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the method for forming the heat-absorbing film from the mixed slurry is a dynamic coating method.

7. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the thickness of the reflective film is 2.5 μm to 20 μm; And / or, the thickness of the heat-absorbing film is 10μm to 50μm.

8. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the carrier gas is selected from at least one of high-purity nitrogen or an inert gas, wherein the inert gas is selected from high-purity helium and / or high-purity argon; And / or, in step (4), the phase change material is selected from one or more of industrial paraffin and n-alkanes with a phase change temperature of 37℃~46℃, and the average molecular weight of the ethylene glycol polymer is 800~1500. And / or, in step (4), the degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol is 80% to 90%, and the viscosity is 15 mPa·s to 30 mPa·s; And / or, in step (4), the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is 83% to 95%, the relative molecular mass of the gelatin is 50,000 to 70,000, and the acidic aqueous solution is selected from acetic acid aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 1% to 5%; And / or, in step (4), the phosphate ester is selected from one or more of dimethyl methyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate and trioctyl phosphate; And / or, in step (4), the acrylate is selected from one or more of methyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and dipentaerythritol acrylate; And / or, in step (4), the water-soluble aldehyde compound is selected from at least one of glyoxal, succinaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step (4), the melting temperature is 55°C to 64°C; And / or, in step (4), the mass ratio of paraffin, polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol is 1:(0.25-1.5):(0.05-0.25); And / or, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin, chitosan, gelatin, acidic aqueous solution and water-soluble aldehyde compound is 1:(0.2-4):(0.3-5):(1.5-8):(0.05-0.65); And / or, in step (4), the mass ratio of the paraffin, phosphate ester and acrylate is 1:(0.2-4.0):(0.3-5.0).

10. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the mixture A is mixed with chitosan, gelatin and acidic aqueous solution and reacted under stirring. The stirring speed of the reaction is 1500 rpm to 3300 rpm, the stirring time is 15 min to 45 min, and the reaction temperature is 50℃ to 80℃. And / or, in step (4), the reaction time after adding the water-soluble aldehyde compound is 30 min to 180 min, the stirring speed is 700 rpm to 1100 rpm, and the temperature is 50℃ to 80℃; And / or, in step (4), the mixture B is heated with phosphate ester and acrylate at a heating temperature of 50°C to 80°C for 5 min to 30 min and a stirring speed of 800 rpm to 1200 rpm.

11. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (4), the spraying voltage is 20kV to 80kV, the gun distance is 12cm to 35cm, the spraying pressure is 0.2bar to 2.3bar, and the spraying flow rate is 5mL / min to 25mL / min; And / or, in step (4), the curing is performed by ultraviolet light curing and shaping treatment, wherein the ultraviolet light wavelength is 300nm~400nm, the curing temperature is 50℃~120℃, and the curing time is 3min~35min; And / or, in step (4), the phase change coating thickness is 75 μm to 200 μm.

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