Key planting method for improving yield and output value of post-tobacco green garlic

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of green garlic planting, in particular to a key planting method for improving the yield and the output value of post-tobacco green garlic. The key planting method comprises the following steps that base fertilizer is not applied, and nutrients in garlic cloves and residual nutrients of pre-cropping flue-cured tobaccos in soil are fully utilized for early-stage growth of green garlic; increasing application of organic fertilizer and reducing application of chemical fertilizer; topdressing is carried out for four times in time according to growth characteristics of green garlic, and nutrition needed in the growth period is met; by the adoption of the key planting method, the fertilizer applying amount can be reduced, the fertilizer applying cost is saved, and the yield and the output value of the after-tobacco green garlic are remarkably increased compared with those of a conventional planting method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of garlic chives cultivation, and particularly to a cultivation method for improving the yield and output value of garlic chives after tobacco cropping. Background Art

[0002] Garlic (Allium Sativm L.), also known as Hu garlic, Hu or thyme, belongs to the genus Allium of the Liliaceae family. When the stems and leaves of garlic are used as fresh vegetables, they are garlic chives. Garlic chives are an important flavoring vegetable and also an important vegetable for rotation after tobacco in the runoff area of Yuxi Xingyun Lake, playing an important role in the development of the agricultural economy. At present, the following main problems exist in the process of cultivating garlic chives after tobacco cropping: First, only applying chemical fertilizers causes soil compaction, affecting the yield and output value of garlic chives; second, the nutrient structure of the applied fertilizers is unreasonable, blindly and excessively applying chemical fertilizers; third, the fertilization method and period are unreasonable, without supplying nutrients according to the growth characteristics of garlic chives, resulting in low fertilizer efficiency utilization, nutrient loss, and serious non-point source pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a key cultivation method for significantly improving the yield and output value of garlic chives after tobacco cropping.

[0004] Technical Solution

[0005] A key cultivation method for improving the yield and output value of garlic chives after tobacco cropping, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1. Do not apply base fertilizer, and make full use of the nutrients in the garlic cloves and the residual nutrients in the soil after the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco is harvested to supply the nutrients required for the early growth of garlic chives.

[0007] 2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer and reduce the application of chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is a fully water-soluble organic fertilizer N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥10.0%, fully water-soluble organic matter≥60%, fully water-soluble humic acid≥30%.

[0008] 3. Reasonable topdressing: Supply nutrients according to the growth characteristics of garlic chives, and topdress 4 times.

[0009] a. The first topdressing: When the garlic chive seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 15 days after planting, apply 5.4 - 4.1 kg of urea, 6.0 - 4.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, and 0.8 - 1.6 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0010] b. The second topdressing: Intervals of 10 - 12 days from the first topdressing, 25 - 27 days after planting, apply 9.6 ~7.2 kg of urea, 2.4 - 1.6 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.2 - 2.4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0011] c. Third topdressing: 10 - 12 days after the second topdressing, 35 - 39 days after planting, apply 13.5 ~10.1 kg of urea, 2.4 - 1.6 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, 4.3 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.2 - 2.4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0012] d. Fourth topdressing: 10 - 12 days after the third topdressing, 45 - 51 days after planting, apply 9.8 - 7.4 kg of urea, 1.2 - 0.8 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, 3.9 kg of potassium sulfate, and 0.8 - 1.6 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilizers for the four topdressings in reasonable topdressing, which are selected for N, K 2 O nutrient elements, all come from water-soluble single-element fertilizers, and the fertilizer source for P 2 O 5 comes from a water-soluble compound fertilizer.

[0014] Preferably, the N, P 2 O 5 , K 2 O ratio for the four topdressings is determined according to the growth characteristics of garlic sprouts.

[0015] Preferably, for the first topdressing, N:P 2 O 5 = 15%:50%.

[0016] Preferably, for the second topdressing, N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 25%:20%:15%.

[0017] Preferably, for the third topdressing, N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 35%:20%:45%.

[0018] Preferably, for the fourth topdressing, N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O = 25%:10%:40%.

[0019] Preferably, the fertilization method is to apply by mixing with river sand and spreading (watering in time after spreading along the roots) or by pouring.

[0020] Preferably, the mass percentage of N in the urea fertilizer is 46%.

[0021] Preferably, in the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, N, P 2O 5 The mass percentage is 30% and 10%.

[0022] Preferably, the mass percentage of K 2 O in the potassium sulfate is 52%.

[0023] Preferably, appropriate amounts of medium nutrient element Mg and trace nutrient element Zn are additionally applied in the second and third top dressings.

[0024] The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ≥90%.

[0025] Compared with the conventional planting technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. According to the characteristics of the short growth period and shallow root system of garlic sprouts, the compound fertilizer prepared from unit water-soluble fertilizers in the present invention has a fast fertilizer effect, is easy to absorb, and has a lower cost than the compound fertilizer used in the conventional planting method of farmers.

[0027] 2. The fertilizer cost per mu using the present invention is 226 - 235 yuan, with an average of 231 yuan, while the fertilizer cost per mu of the conventional planting method is 536 - 594 yuan, with an average of 571 yuan. The fertilizer cost per mu using the present invention is reduced by 305 - 368 yuan compared with the conventional planting method, with an average reduction of 340 yuan per mu, a reduction rate of 56.9 - 62.0%, and an average reduction of 59.5%.

[0028] 3. Planting garlic sprouts by the key method of the present invention can effectively promote its growth and improve the yield and output value of garlic sprouts.

[0029] 4. The yield per mu using the present invention is 2914.9 - 3067.5 kg, with an average of 2990.6 kg, and the net output value per mu is 14931.48 - 15716.00 yuan, with an average of 15329.80 yuan; while the yield per mu of the conventional planting method is 2756.8 - 2812.8 kg, with an average of 2786.23 kg, and the net output value per mu is 13741.36 - 14042.56 yuan, with an average of 13917.11 yuan. The yield per mu using the present invention is increased by 158.1 - 254.7 kg compared with the conventional planting method, with an average increase of 204.43 kg per mu, an increase rate of 5.7 - 9.1%, and an average increase of 7.3%; the net output value per mu is increased by 1190.12 - 1673.44 yuan, with an average increase of 1403.69 yuan, an increase rate of 8.7 - 11.9%, and an average increase rate of 10.1%.

[0030] 5. The present invention supplies N and P required in each growth stage according to the growth characteristics of garlic sprouts 2 O 5 , K 2 O can reasonably ensure the nutritional needs of garlic sprouts.

[0031] 6. The present invention reduces the amount of chemical fertilizers by applying more fully water-soluble organic fertilizers, thereby reducing the amount of fertilizers used and cutting down on non-point source pollution to a certain extent. Specific examples

[0032] The same-field comparison test was carried out on the fields with different soil fertilities of 3 growers in Fujiaoying Community, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District by using the present invention.

[0033] Example 1. On September 14, 2023, a same-field comparison test was carried out on the field of a grower in the east of Fujiaoying Village, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District for the key planting method to improve the yield and output value of green garlic after flue-cured tobacco and the conventional planting and fertilization method.

[0034] A key planting method to improve the yield and output value of green garlic after flue-cured tobacco includes the following steps:

[0035] 1. No basal fertilizer is applied, and the nutrients in the garlic cloves and the residual nutrients in the soil after the previous flue-cured tobacco harvest are fully utilized to supply the nutrients required for the early growth of green garlic.

[0036] 2. Increase the application of organic fertilizers and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. The organic fertilizer is a fully water-soluble organic fertilizer N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥10.0%, the fully water-soluble organic matter≥60%, and the fully water-soluble humic acid≥30%.

[0037] 3. Reasonable topdressing: Supply nutrients according to the growth characteristics of green garlic, and topdress 4 times.

[0038] a. The first topdressing: When the green garlic seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 15 days after planting, apply 5.4 kg of urea, 6.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, and 0.8 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0039] b. The second topdressing: 11 days after the first topdressing, 26 days after planting, apply 11.8 kg of urea, 2.4 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.2 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0040] c. The third topdressing: 12 days after the second topdressing, 38 days after planting, apply 13.5 kg of urea, 2.4 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 4.3 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.2 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0041] d. The fourth topdressing: 11 days after the third topdressing, 49 days after planting, apply 9.8 kg of urea, 1.2 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 3.9 kg of potassium sulfate, and 0.8 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0042] Before planting green garlic, soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm tillage layer of the tobacco-post planting field for nutrient content determination, and the results are as follows:

[0043] Statistical table of fertilizer application rates in the conventional planting method and the key planting method of farmers

[0044] For the key fertilization method, the nutrient dosage of chemical fertilizers per mu is 18.4 kg of N, P 2 O 5 1.2 kg of P, K 2 O 5.0 kg, and 4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer. 4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu is equivalent to applying 0.1 kg of N, P 2 O 5 0.1 kg of P, K 2 O 0.1 kg.

[0045] Comparison of agronomic traits of key planting method and conventional planting method of green garlic after tobacco at 7 leaves and 1 heart

[0046] Comparison of yield and output value between the key planting method and the conventional planting method of green garlic after tobacco

[0047] On September 14, 2023, the test results in the east of the 3rd group of Fujiazhai, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District showed that the fertilizer cost of the key planting method was 226 yuan / mu, which was 368 yuan less per mu than that of the conventional planting method (594 yuan / mu), with a reduction rate of 62%; the above-ground part, underground part, length of the false stem, diameter of the false stem, leaf length and leaf width of the longest leaf of the key planting method increased by 7.3%, 1.7%, 6.2%, 8.8%, 2.3%, and 4.5% compared with the conventional planting method; the yield, output value, and net output value of the key planting method increased by 5.7%, 5.7%, and 8.7% compared with the conventional planting method.

[0048] Example 2, on September 18, 2023, a side-by-side field experiment of the key planting method and the conventional fertilization method for improving the yield and output value of green garlic after tobacco was conducted in the field in the west of the 3rd group of Fujiazhai, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District.

[0049] A key planting method for improving the yield and output value of green garlic after tobacco, comprising the following steps:

[0050] 1. Do not apply basal fertilizer, and make full use of the nutrients in the garlic cloves and the residual nutrients in the soil after the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco is harvested to supply the nutrients required for the early growth of green garlic.

[0051] 2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer and reduce the application of chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is fully water-soluble organic fertilizer N+P 2 O5 +K 2 O ≥ 10.0%, total water-soluble organic matter ≥ 60%, total water-soluble humic acid ≥ 30%.

[0052] 3. Rational topdressing: Apply nutrients according to the growth characteristics of garlic sprouts and topdress 4 times.

[0053] a. The first topdressing: When the garlic sprouts have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 15 days after planting, apply 4.8 kg of urea, 5.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, and 1.2 kg of total water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0054] b. The second topdressing: 12 days after the first topdressing, 27 days after planting, apply 8.4 kg of urea, 2.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.8 kg of total water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0055] c. The third topdressing: 11 days after the second topdressing, 38 days after planting, apply 11.8 kg of urea, 2.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, 4.3 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.8 kg of total water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0056] d. The fourth topdressing: 12 days after the third topdressing, 50 days after planting, apply 8.6 kg of urea, 1.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, 3.9 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1.2 kg of total water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0057] Before planting garlic sprouts, take soil samples from the 0-20 cm tillage layer of the tobacco-post planting field for nutrient content determination. The results are as follows:

[0058] Statistical table of fertilizer application rates for farmers' conventional planting methods and key planting methods

[0059] The nutrient dosage of chemical fertilizers for the key fertilization method is 16.2 kg of N, P 2 O 5 1.0 kg, K 2 O 5.0 kg and 6 kg of total water-soluble organic fertilizer. 6 kg of total water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu is equivalent to applying 0.2 kg of N, P 2 O 5 0.2 kg, K 2 O 0.2 kg.

[0060] Comparison of agronomic traits of key planting methods and conventional planting methods of post-tobacco garlic sprouts at the stage of 7 leaves and 1 heart

[0061] Comparison of Yield and Output Value between the Key Cultivation Method and Conventional Cultivation Method of Garlic Sprouts after Tobacco

[0062] On September 18, 2023, the test results in the east of Fujiazhai Village, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District showed that the fertilizer cost of the key cultivation method was 231 yuan per mu, which was 305 yuan per mu less than 536 yuan per mu of the conventional cultivation method, with a reduction rate of 56.9%; for the key cultivation method, the above-ground part, underground part, length of false stem, diameter of false stem, leaf length and leaf width of the longest leaf increased by 6.7%, 2.6%, 5.0%, 8.8%, 2.1%, and 4.3% respectively compared with the conventional cultivation method; the yield, output value, and net output value of the key cultivation method increased by 7.2%, 7.2%, and 9.6% respectively compared with the conventional cultivation method.

[0063] Example 3, on September 22, 2023, a side-by-side field comparison test of the key cultivation method for improving the yield and output value of garlic sprouts after tobacco and the conventional fertilization method was carried out in the field of a grower in the south of Group 3, Fujiazhai Village, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District.

[0064] A key cultivation method for improving the yield and output value of garlic sprouts after tobacco, including the following steps:

[0065] 1. Do not apply basal fertilizer, and make full use of the nutrients in the garlic cloves and the residual nutrients in the soil after the previous crop of flue-cured tobacco is harvested to supply the nutrients required for the early growth of garlic sprouts.

[0066] 2. Increase the application of organic fertilizer and reduce the application of chemical fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is a fully water-soluble organic fertilizer N+P 2 O 5 +K 2 O≥10.0%, fully water-soluble organic matter≥60%, fully water-soluble humic acid≥30%.

[0067] 3. Reasonable topdressing: Apply topdressing 4 times according to the growth characteristics of garlic sprouts to supply nutrients.

[0068] a. The first topdressing: When the garlic sprout has 2 leaves and 1 heart, 15 days after planting, apply 4.1 kg of urea, 4.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, and 1.6 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0069] b. The second topdressing: Intervals of 12 days from the first topdressing, 27 days after planting, apply 7.2 kg of urea, 1.6 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, 2.4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0070] c. The third topdressing: Intervals of 12 days from the second topdressing, 39 days after planting, apply 10.1 kg of urea, 1.6 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 4.3 kg of potassium sulfate, 2.4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate, and 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate per mu.

[0071] d. Fourth topdressing: 12 days after the third topdressing, 51 days after planting, apply 7.4 kg of urea, 0.8 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate, 3.9 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1.6 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

[0072] Before planting green garlic, take soil samples from the 0-20 cm tillage layer of the tobacco-post planting field for nutrient content determination. The results are as follows:

[0073] Statistical table of fertilizer application amounts in farmers' conventional planting methods and key planting methods

[0074] For the key fertilization method, the nutrient application amount of chemical fertilizers per mu is 13.8 kg of N, 0.8 kg of P 2 O 5 0.8 kg, 5.0 kg of K 2 O and 8 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer. 8 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu is equivalent to applying 0.3 kg of N, 0.3 kg of P 2 O 5 0.3 kg, 0.3 kg of K 2 O0.3 kg.

[0075] Comparison of agronomic traits of green garlic after tobacco at the 7-leaf and 1-heart stage between the key planting method and the conventional planting method

[0076] Comparison of yield and output value between the key planting method and the conventional planting method of green garlic after tobacco in the south of Fujiazhai Village, Fujiazhai Town, Jiangchuan

[0077] On September 22, 2023, the test results in the south of Group 3, Fujiazhai Village, Ninghai Sub-district, Jiangchuan District showed that: the fertilizer cost of the key planting method was 235 yuan per mu, which was 349 yuan per mu less than that of the conventional planting method (584 yuan per mu), with a reduction rate of 59.8%; the aboveground part, underground part, length of the false stem, diameter of the false stem, leaf length and leaf width of the longest leaf of the key planting method increased by 7.5%, 5.1%, 5.7%, 6.6%, 5.3%, and 4.2% compared with the conventional planting method; the yield, output value, and net output value of the key planting method increased by 9.1%, 9.1%, and 11.9% compared with the conventional planting method.

Claims

1. A key planting method for increasing the yield and output value of green garlic after tobacco, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) No basal fertilizer is applied, and the nutrients in the garlic cloves and the residual nutrients in the soil after the previous flue-cured tobacco crop is harvested are fully utilized to provide the nutrients required for the early growth of green garlic; (2) increasing the application of organic fertilizer and reducing the application of chemical fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer is a fully water-soluble organic fertilizer N+P2O5+K2O≥10.0%, a fully water-soluble organic matter≥60%, and a fully water-soluble humic acid≥30%; (3) Reasonable topdressing: Supply nutrients according to the growth characteristics of green garlic, and apply topdressing 4 times; a. First topdressing: 15 days after planting, 5.4-4.1 kg of urea, 6.0-4.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, and 0.8-1.6 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu for green garlic seedlings with 2 leaves and 1 heart; b. Second topdressing: 10 to 12 days after the first topdressing, 25 to 27 days after planting, apply 9.6 to 7.2 kg of urea, 2.4 to 1.6 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.2 to 2.4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate, and 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate per mu; c. The third topdressing: 10 to 12 days after the second topdressing, 35 to 39 days after planting, apply 13.5 to 10.1 kg of urea, 2.4 to 1.6 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 4.3 kg of potassium sulfate, 1.2 to 2.4 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer, 0.5 kg of zinc sulfate, and 1.5 kg of magnesium sulfate per mu; d. The fourth top dressing: 10 to 12 days after the third top dressing, 45 to 51 days after planting, apply 9.8 to 7.4 kg of urea, 4.0 kg of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, 3.9 kg of potassium sulfate, and 0.8 to 1.6 kg of fully water-soluble organic fertilizer per mu.

2. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer sources of N and K2O nutrient elements used in the four top dressings in the reasonable top dressing are all water-soluble unit fertilizers, and the fertilizer source of P2O5 is water-soluble compound fertilizer.

3. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratios of N, P2O5 and K2O in the four top dressings are determined according to the growth characteristics of green garlic.

4. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first topdressing N: P2O5=15%:50%.

5. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second topdressing N:P2O5: K2O=25%:20%:15%.

6. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third topdressing N:P2O5: K2O=35%:20%:45%.

7. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fourth topdressing N:P2O5: K2O=25%:10%:40%.

8. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization method is to mix river sand and spread it (spread it along the roots and then water it in time) or to pour it.

9. The key method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass percentage of N in the fertilizer urea is 46%; the mass percentages of N and P2O5 in the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer are 30% and 10% respectively; the mass percentage of K2O in the potassium sulfate is 52%.

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