Method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues through fungi and biological insects

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues through fungi and biological insects, and belongs to the technical field of organic waste treatment. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing and fermenting crushed traditional Chinese medicine residues and fungal strains, and then feeding biological insects by utilizing the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues to obtain insect bodies and insect sand. On one hand, insect larvae can be used as a protein feed additive to prepare high-protein animal feed; on the other hand, after the larvae grow into adults, the adults copulate and lay eggs, the adults can be further hatched into larvae and recycled, and the larvae can be used as medicine after being dried; the screened insect excrement (insect sand) is free of peculiar smell, small in size, easy to store and transport, high in organic matter content, small in occupied space and convenient to use, has the superiority superior to common excrement of poultry and livestock, and is an organic fertilizer worthy of popularization and utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of organic waste treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues by fungi in cooperation with biological insects. Background Art

[0002] Organic waste is the main component of garbage, including food waste, livestock and poultry excrement, industrial production waste (such as traditional Chinese medicine residues, fruit residues, etc.), agricultural waste (such as straw, waste mushroom sticks, tail vegetables, etc.), etc. It is large in quantity and wide in area, and its resource utilization is worthy of active exploration and practice. Traditional Chinese medicine residues are mainly composed of various tree species, herbs and many other substances, which contain bioactive substances and trace elements such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides, etc. They are rich in nutrients and have the potential for resource development and application. The existing treatment methods for traditional Chinese medicine residues mainly include incineration, landfill and long-term fermentation to produce organic fertilizers, etc. However, the treatment efficiency is low, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment; in addition, some traditional Chinese medicine residues also have certain toxicity and pose potential risks to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient and pollution-free treatment method for the large number of organic wastes such as traditional Chinese medicine residues to turn waste into treasure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to provide a method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues by fungi in cooperation with biological insects, so as to solve the technical problems of low utilization rate of traditional Chinese medicine residues and easy environmental pollution.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues by fungi in cooperation with biological insects, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Crush the residues, and then add fungal strains at an addition amount of 50 - 100 g / ton, mix evenly and place them at 25 - 27 °C for fermentation for 28 - 32 days;

[0006] S2. Spread the fermented residues flat, and then put in biological insects (three-day-old larvae), raise them at a temperature of 25 - 27 °C and a humidity of 55 - 65% for 8 - 9 months, and finally separate them to obtain insect bodies and insect excrement.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows:

[0008] Further, the moisture content of the residues before fermentation in S1 is 50% - 70%.

[0009] Further, the fungal strains are Coriolus versicolor and / or Coprinus comatus.

[0010] Further, the thickness of the flat spread of the residues is 25 - 35 cm.

[0011] Further, the biological insects are insects of the family Scarabaeidae or Dynastidae.

[0012] Furthermore, the biological insects are at least one of Potosia brevitarsis, Protaetia vittata, Chiloxanthus femoralis, Allomyrina dichotoma, and Typhaeus mongolicus.

[0013] Furthermore, the release density of the biological insects is 90 - 110 insects / m 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, the feeding process in S2 is specifically as follows: After releasing the biological insects and feeding them for 3 months, add the same amount of medicinal residues as the initial release, turn over the medicinal residues and insects at the bottom, and cover the newly added medicinal residues; after the eggs hatch, feed for 4 - 8 months to harvest mature larvae (weighing about 40 g), continue to feed for 0.5 - 1 month for the mature larvae to pupate, then pupae can be obtained, and feed for another 0.5 - 1 month to obtain adults.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. On the one hand, the insect larvae obtained by the method of the present invention can be used as a protein feed additive to prepare high - protein animal feed; on the other hand, after the larvae grow into adults and lay eggs, the eggs can be further hatched into larvae for recycling, and the dried larvae can also be used as medicine; the screened insect feces (insect sand) have no peculiar smell, are small in volume, easy to store and transport, have a high organic matter content, do not occupy much space, and are convenient to use. Its superiority is better than the feces of common poultry and livestock, and it is an organic fertilizer worthy of utilization.

[0017] 2. The method of the present invention not only effectively reduces the cost of medicinal residue treatment, but also significantly shortens the treatment time of medicinal residues. Through the reasonable utilization of medicinal residues by insect larvae, the waste medicinal residues are converted into resources for the growth of insect larvae, realizing the recycling of resources and reducing the pressure on the environment.

[0018] 3. The insect larvae raised by the method of the present invention reduce the cost of purchasing traditional feeds (such as wheat bran, fermented sawdust, etc.), thus effectively reducing the feeding cost of insect larvae, can reduce the dependence on traditional feeds to a certain extent, and enhance the anti - risk ability of the breeding industry. Specific Embodiments

[0019] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. For those conditions not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. For the reagents or instruments not specified for the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be obtained through commercial purchase. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0020] 1. Composition of traditional Chinese medicine residues: The plant fiber components include cellulose (30%-40%) and hemicellulose (15%-20%), protein components (10%-15%), sugar components such as glucose and sucrose, with a content of 5%-10%, as well as a small amount of fat, tannin, alkaloid residues, etc.

[0021] 2. Isolation, identification and cultivation of macrofungi

[0022] (1) Isolation and identification of macrofungal mycelia

[0023] Discover, isolate and identify saprophytic fungi from nature. Collect fresh and healthy strains from the waste residues. Under aseptic conditions, cut small pieces about 2 cm long and wide from the junction of the cap and stipe of the fruiting body or other internal tissue parts, and then inoculate them onto PDA medium. Cultivate at a temperature of 24°C and a humidity of 60%. After the mycelia grow out from around the tissue blocks, pick the tips of the mycelia with strong growth, white mycelia and no contamination by miscellaneous bacteria for purification culture. Take the purified mycelium and extract DNA by the CTAB method, amplify the ITS sequence, and then compare it with the sequences in the database to determine the general taxonomic unit to which it belongs.

[0024] Identify by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular biology methods. After comparing the nucleic acid sequences in the database, the obtained fungal species are determined to be 2 existing Coprinus species (Coprinus sterqulinus and Coprinus macrorhizus) and 1 Coriolus versicolor species.

[0025] (2) Cultivation of macrofungal mycelia

[0026] Prepare the medium: Prepare PDA medium: 200 g of peeled potatoes + 20 g of glucose + 15 g of agar, with a total volume of 1000 mL. After the medium is prepared, autoclave it at 115°C under high pressure (70-80 kPa) for 15 min. After autoclaving, wait for the medium to cool to about 50°C and add 1 mL each of kanamycin sulfate and sodium ampicillin antibiotics with a concentration of 100 mg / mL to prevent miscellaneous bacteria. Mix well and pour the plates.

[0027] Mycelium cultivation: Inoculate the purified mycelium onto a solid PDA medium plate, place it in a constant temperature incubator, and expand the cultivation at 20-28°C and a humidity of 60%-80% to obtain fungal species.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residues by fungi in cooperation with biological insects, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1. Crush the traditional Chinese medicine residue (with a moisture content of 60%), then add the spores of Coprinus comatus at a ratio of 75 g / ton, mix evenly, and place it at 26°C for fermentation for 30 days, with turning the pile once during the period;

[0031] S2. Spread the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue flat (with a thickness of 30 cm), then put Protaetia brevitarsis (three-day-old larvae) at a density of 100 per m 2 ², cover it with a sunshade net, and raise it at a temperature of 26°C and a humidity of 60%. After raising for 3 months, add the same amount of residue as the initial addition, turn over the residue at the bottom and the insects together, and cover the newly added residue; after the eggs hatch, raise for 4 months to harvest the mature larvae, continue to raise for 1 month and the mature larvae pupate, and then raise for 1 month to obtain adults; it takes 6 months from egg hatching to adult, and the treatment efficiency of the residue is as high as 98%.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residue by fungi synergistically with biological insects, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1. Crush the traditional Chinese medicine residue (with a moisture content of 50%), then add the spores of Coriolus versicolor at a ratio of 100 g / ton, mix evenly, and place it at 25°C for fermentation for 32 days, with turning the pile once during the period;

[0035] S2. Spread the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue flat (with a thickness of 25 cm), then put Oxycetonia bealiae (three-day-old larvae) at a density of 110 per m 2 ², cover it with a sunshade net, and raise it at a temperature of 27°C and a humidity of 55%. After raising for 3 months, add the same amount of residue as the initial addition, turn over the residue at the bottom and the insects together, and cover the newly added residue; after the eggs hatch, raise for 7 months to harvest the mature larvae, continue to raise for 1 month and the mature larvae pupate, and then raise for 0.5 months to obtain adults; it takes 8.5 months from egg hatching to adult, and the treatment efficiency of the residue is as high as 90%.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] A method for treating traditional Chinese medicine residue by fungi synergistically with biological insects, comprising the following steps:

[0038] S1. Crush the traditional Chinese medicine residue (with a moisture content of 70%), then add the spores of Coriolus versicolor at a ratio of 50 g / ton, mix evenly, and place it at 27°C for fermentation for 28 days, with turning the pile once during the period;

[0039] S2. Spread the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue flat (with a thickness of 35 cm), then put Oxycetonia bealiae (three-day-old larvae) at a density of 90 per m 2Release the same amount of the density of Allomyrina dichotoma (three-day-old larvae), cover with a sunshade net and raise them at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 65%. After 3 months of raising, add the same amount of medicinal residues as the initial release, turn over the medicinal residues and insects at the bottom, and cover the newly added medicinal residues. After the eggs hatch and are raised for 8 months, mature larvae can be harvested. Continue to raise for another 0.5 months until the mature larvae pupate to obtain pupae, and then raise for another 0.5 months to obtain adults. It takes 9 months from egg hatching to adult emergence, and the treatment efficiency of the medicinal residues is as high as 95%.

[0040] The insects raised with the medicinal residues after fermentation treatment in Examples 1-3 are larger. The average weight of the larvae of Allomyrina dichotoma raised with the medicinal residues is as high as 40 g, and the body length is 5-8 cm (the average weight of the larvae of Allomyrina dichotoma in nature is 35 g, and the average body length is 4-6 cm). Moreover, the total nitrogen and organic matter content of the treated medicinal residues are higher than the existing national organic fertilizer standards. Most importantly, it does not contain heavy metals such as chromium and cadmium, and the content of other heavy metals is also far lower than the national organic fertilizer standards.

[0041] Compared with the treatment of organic waste by other insects, the method of the present invention has a stronger ability to treat high cellulose and high lignin, and the treatment effect is as high as 95%. Moreover, it is simple to operate in actual production, greatly saving production costs. In addition, the resource conversion rate of the treated medicinal residues is high, and 95% can be converted into organic fertilizer. This shows that the method of the present invention can turn the difficult-to-treat traditional Chinese medicine medicinal residues into treasures and realize the real resource conversion and utilization.

Claims

1. A method for treating Chinese medicine residues by using fungi and biological insects, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Crush the drug residue, then add the fungus strain at an addition amount of 50-100 g / ton, mix well and ferment at 25-27°C for 28-32 days; S2. Spread the fermented medicinal residue flat, then put biological insects in, raise them at a temperature of 25-27°C and a humidity of 55-65% for 8-9 months, and finally separate them to obtain insect bodies and insect sand.

2. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues with fungi and biological insects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moisture content of the medicinal residue before S1 fermentation is 50%-70%.

3. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues with fungi and biological insects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fungal species are Coriolus versicolor and / or Coprinus comatus.

4. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues with fungi and biological insects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the paved medicinal residue is 25-35 cm.

5. The method for treating Chinese medicine residues by using fungi in collaboration with biological insects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological insects are scarab beetle insects or rhinoceros beetle insects.

6. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues by using fungi in collaboration with biological insects according to claim 5, characterized in that: The biological insect is at least one of the white-spotted flower beetle, the white-striped flower beetle, the lip beetle, the dimorphic rhinoceros beetle and the tubercle rhinoceros beetle.

7. The method for treating Chinese medicinal residues by using fungi in collaboration with biological insects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the biological insects is 90-110 / m 2 .

8. The method for treating Chinese medicine residues by using fungi in collaboration with biological insects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding process in S2 is specifically as follows: after the biological insects are released for breeding for 3 months, an equal amount of drug residues as that released for the first time is added, the drug residues at the bottom are turned over together with the insects, and the newly released drug residues are covered; after the eggs are hatched, the mature larvae can be harvested after 4-8 months of breeding, and the pupae can be obtained after continuing to breed for 0.5-1 month, and the adults can be obtained after breeding for another 0.5-1 month.