A surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a surface soil pollution prevention sampling device for environmental testing, which relates to the field of soil sampling technology and includes: a base assembly, provided with symmetrically distributed guide rods with slide grooves; a sampling actuator, slidably assembled on the guide rods, comprising a sample storage container, a conical transition sleeve, and a knife ring sampling head connected in sequence, wherein the narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve is close to the knife ring sampling head and the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the knife ring sampling head; an elastic reset assembly, connecting the base assembly and the sampling actuator, and keeping the sampling actuator at the top dead center of the slide groove under normal conditions; a driving mechanism; and a posture conversion mechanism, linked between the sampling actuator and the base assembly, in response to the axial displacement of the sampling actuator, triggering the sampling actuator to flip 180°. The present invention ensures that the contamination layer is completely peeled off without damaging the core sample through the metal knife ring sampling head and the non-metallic conical transition sleeve, thereby improving the detection accuracy of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil sampling, in particular to a surface soil pollution prevention sampling device for environmental detection. Background Art

[0002] Surface soil sampling is a fundamental technical step in environmental monitoring, and its sampling quality directly impacts the accuracy of detection of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter. Current industry standards require that shallow soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm account for over 70% of sampling. Because this layer of soil is directly exposed to the surface environment, its contamination characteristics are of significant characterization value. Conventional sampling methods utilize a combined process of geoshovel excavation and ring knife cutting, requiring multiple steps such as excavation of the sampling pit, manual removal of the contaminated contact layer, and quartering of the sample.

[0003] In the existing technology, although the metal ring knife sampler can ensure the mechanical strength of cutting into the soil, the friction between the knife body and the soil during the sampling process will cause the surface metal ions to migrate into the sample, resulting in an increase in the metal element content of the sample after sampling, affecting the detection accuracy of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter. To eliminate this interference, the operating specifications require manual removal of a 5-10mm pollution layer around the sample. The operation is very cumbersome and prone to secondary pollution. Although some studies have attempted to use non-metallic sampling tools, their insufficient bending strength results in a blade breakage rate of up to 60% when sampling clay and gravel layers, which cannot meet the needs of engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that the friction between the blade and the soil during the sampling process will cause surface metal ions to migrate into the sample, affecting the detection accuracy of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter, and to propose a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing, comprising:

[0007] The base assembly is provided with symmetrically distributed guide rods with sliding grooves;

[0008] The sampling actuator is slidably assembled on the guide rod, and comprises a sample storage container, a conical transition sleeve and a ring knife sampling head connected in sequence, wherein the narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve is close to the ring knife sampling head and the outer diameter thereof is smaller than the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head;

[0009] An elastic reset assembly connects the base assembly and the sampling actuator, and keeps the sampling actuator at the top dead center of the chute under normal conditions;

[0010] The driving mechanism comprises an axially movable driving rod and a pushing member and a pedal respectively provided at the ends thereof, a return spring being provided between the pedal and the base assembly, and the driving rod being slidably connected to the base assembly;

[0011] An attitude conversion mechanism is linked between the sampling actuator and the base assembly, and triggers the sampling actuator to flip 180 degrees in response to the axial displacement of the sampling actuator;

[0012] Among them, when the columnar soil sample collected by the ring knife sampling head is squeezed into the sample storage container through the conical transition sleeve under the action of the pushing piece, the conical transition sleeve completes shearing and stripping of the contaminated layer on the periphery of the soil sample that contacts the ring knife sampling head.

[0013] Preferably, the sampling actuator further comprises a mounting sleeve, the wide diameter end of the conical transition sleeve is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the mounting sleeve, and the sample storage container is inserted into the mounting sleeve and threadedly connected to the mounting sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the conical transition sleeve is connected to the ring knife sampling head via a plurality of connecting plates, and spaces for discharging stripped soil samples are formed between the connecting plates. The conical transition sleeve is made of polyetheretherketone material.

[0015] Preferably, two symmetrically arranged flaps are rotatably provided at the wide diameter end of the conical transition sleeve, a torsion spring is provided at the flap rotation shaft, and a limiting convex ring is also provided inside the conical transition sleeve for limiting the flap from rotating toward the inside of the conical transition sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, a fixed shaft is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve, and the fixed shaft extends into the sliding groove and is slidably assembled with the sliding groove.

[0017] Preferably, the elastic reset assembly includes a tension spring, a hook rod is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the guide rod, and two ends of the tension spring respectively hook the hook rod and the fixed shaft.

[0018] Preferably, the pushing member is in the shape of a disk, the outer diameter of which is adapted to the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head, and the edge of the extrusion end of the pushing member is provided with an oblique chamfer.

[0019] Preferably, the posture conversion mechanism includes a control gear sleeved on one of the fixed shafts, the fixed shaft includes an integrally formed central shaft body and an annular boss, a one-way bearing is provided between the fixed shaft and the control gear, the one-way bearing is located between the control gear and the annular boss, a control rack is fixedly provided on the side wall of the guide rod corresponding to the control gear, and the control gear is intermittently meshed with the control rack;

[0020] The annular boss of the other fixed shaft is provided with two flat openings equidistantly along the circumferential direction, and the planes on which the two flat openings are located are parallel to each other. A reversing plate is fixedly provided on the side wall of the guide rod corresponding to the flat opening, and a positioning notch is vertically provided on the reversing plate. The spacing between the two flat openings is consistent with the width of the positioning notch, and a reversing notch with a width greater than the diameter of the fixed shaft is provided in the middle of the positioning notch, and the tooth part of the control rack coincides with the position of the reversing notch.

[0021] Preferably, a cross-shaped partition is provided at the bottom of the sample storage container to divide the sample storage container into four identical spaces, wherein the bottoms of two spaces at two diagonal positions pass through the sample storage container to form openings, and the bottom of the sample storage container is threadedly connected to a cover for closing the opening.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes a debris removal mechanism, which includes two horizontally coplanar mounting brackets, the two mounting brackets being slidably connected by a sliding rod, and mounting ears are provided at the opposite ends of the two mounting brackets, and circular holes are opened on the mounting ears that are adapted to the sliding rods, and the sliding rods pass through the circular holes on the mounting ears on the same side of the two mounting brackets, and circular rings are also provided at both ends of the sliding rods, and two compression springs are symmetrically sleeved on one of the sliding rods, one end of the compression spring acts on the mounting ear, and the other end acts on the circular ring, and two connecting rods are rotatably provided at the bottom end of the guide rod, and the two movable ends of the connecting rods are rotatably connected to the two mounting brackets respectively, and arc scrapers are installed at the opposite ends of the mounting brackets, and rollers are installed at the opposite ends of the mounting brackets, and the bottom ends of the arc scrapers are lower than the plane where the bottom ends of the rollers are located.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] 1. Through the stepped design of the metal ring knife sampling head and the non-metallic conical transition sleeve, while maintaining the cutting performance, the chemical inertness of the polyetheretherketone material (ion precipitation rate <0.05ppm) and the conical shear surface are utilized to improve the efficiency of contamination layer stripping, ensure the contamination layer is completely stripped without damaging the core sample, and improve the detection accuracy of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter.

[0025] 2. Based on the coordinated control of the posture conversion mechanism and the driving mechanism, a single stepping action completes soil sampling and the flipping of the sampling actuator, and a second stepping action completes the soil sample transfer and contaminated layer stripping. The process does not require manual intervention in soil sample processing, thereby improving the efficiency of sampling operations.

[0026] 3. Traditional ring knife sampling requires a separate push rod to apply pressure. After sampling is completed, the soil around the ring knife needs to be destroyed to remove the ring knife, which causes great damage to the soil. The elastic reset component of the present invention enables the sampling actuator to automatically rebound to the initial position after sampling is completed, avoiding damage to the soil when using the traditional ring knife and maintaining the soil in its original state to the greatest extent.

[0027] 4. In the present invention, a cross-shaped partition is set in the sample storage container to divide the bottom space of the sample storage container into four chambers. Multiple samples are evenly mixed in the interconnected space above the sample storage container as the sample storage container is turned over. When sampling, the cover is rotated to open the diagonal opening, which facilitates the separation of two representative samples and complies with the quartering method. Compared with traditional manual reduction, the sample mixing uniformity is improved and the operation time is reduced.

[0028] 5. The present invention improves the cleanliness of the sampling point and ensures the representativeness of the sample by setting up a debris removal mechanism. After removing impurities such as grass stems, gravel, and humus, the ring knife sampling head can accurately contact the target soil layer, avoiding the mixing of plant roots that may cause organic matter detection deviations and gravel obstruction that may cause uncontrolled sampling depth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a base assembly in a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sampling actuator in a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the connection between the conical transition sleeve and the ring knife sampling head in a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of an environmental monitoring surface soil anti-pollution sampling device proposed by the present invention in its initial state of use;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the sampling state of a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing in a flipping and sample-pushing state, as proposed by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a conical transition sleeve stripping off the contaminated layer of a soil sample in a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the posture conversion mechanism of the surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the posture conversion mechanism of the surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sample storage container in a surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing proposed by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A.

[0041] In the figure: 1. Base assembly; 11. Guide rod; 12. Slide; 13. Operating lever; 2. Sampling actuator; 21. Sample storage container; 211. Cross-shaped partition; 212. Opening; 213. Cover; 22. Conical transition sleeve; 221. Flip plate; 222. Positioning convex ring; 23. Ring knife sampling head; 24. Mounting sleeve; 241. Fixed shaft; 25. Connecting plate; 3. Elastic reset assembly; 31. Tension spring; 32. Hook rod; 4. Driving mechanism; 41. Driving rod; 42. Pushing member; 43. Pedal; 44. Return spring; 5. Posture conversion mechanism; 51. Control gear; 52. Control rack; 53. Flat mouth; 54. Reversing plate; 55. Positioning notch; 56. Reversing notch; 6. Debris removal mechanism; 61. Mounting frame; 611. Mounting ear; 62. Sliding rod; 621. Ring; 63. Compression spring; 64. Connecting rod; 65. Arc scraper; 66. Roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Example 1

[0043] Reference Figure 1 A surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental detection includes a base component 1, a sampling actuator 2, an elastic reset component 3, a driving mechanism 4 and a posture conversion mechanism 5.

[0044] Reference Figure 1-2 The base assembly 1 is provided with a symmetrically distributed guide rod 11 with a slide groove 12. The base assembly 1 is a hollow frame structure, wherein the guide rod 11 is arranged on the lower end surface of the base assembly 1, and an operating rod 13 is arranged on the upper end surface of the base assembly 1. The user controls the position of the sampling device through the operating rod 13.

[0045] The driving mechanism 4 includes an axially movable driving rod 41 and a pushing piece 42 and a pedal 43 respectively arranged at its ends. The driving rod 41 is slidably connected to the base assembly 1. The pedal 43 is located inside the frame of the base assembly 1. The pushing piece 42 is located below the base assembly 1 and corresponds to the sampling actuator 2. During operation, by stepping on the pedal 43, the driving rod 41 drives the pushing piece 42 to move downward and act on the sampling actuator 2 to achieve soil sampling. A reset spring 44 is provided between the pedal 43 and the base assembly 1. The reset spring 44 can control the driving rod 41 to reset after the sampling is completed, so that the pushing piece 42 returns to the state of being against the bottom surface of the base assembly 1, waiting for subsequent stepping operations.

[0046] Reference Figure 2-8 The sampling actuator 2 is slidably assembled on the guide rod 11, and is powered by the driving mechanism 4 to achieve longitudinal sliding. It includes a sample storage container 21, a conical transition sleeve 22 and a ring knife sampling head 23 connected in sequence, and also includes a mounting sleeve 24. A fixed shaft 241 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve 24. The fixed shaft 241 extends into the slide groove 12 and is slidably assembled with the slide groove 12. The mounting sleeve 24 is used to fix the sample storage container 21, the conical transition sleeve 22 and the ring knife sampling head 23. Under the cooperation of the fixed shaft 241 and the slide groove 12, the sampling actuator 2 can slide longitudinally and can also rotate around the axis of the fixed shaft 241.

[0047] When the driving mechanism 4 is stepped on once, the sampling actuator 2 will slide along the slide groove 12, wherein the elastic reset component 3 connects the base component 1 and the sampling actuator 2, and under normal circumstances, the sampling actuator 2 is kept at the upper dead point of the slide groove 12. The position of the sampling actuator 2 is judged by the position of the fixed shaft 241. Under the action of the elastic reset component 3, the sampling actuator 2 is under the pulling force of the elastic reset component 3, and the fixed shaft 241 is at the upper dead point position of the slide groove 12. Under the thrust of the driving mechanism 4, the sampling actuator 2 slides longitudinally downward along the slide groove 12, so that the ring knife sampling head 23 is inserted into the sampled soil. At the same time, the fixed shaft 241 on the sampling actuator 2 moves from the upper dead point position to the lower dead point position. In order to prevent the base component 1 from moving synchronously with the sampling actuator 2, the operator needs to control the operating lever 13 when holding the operating lever 13.

[0048] After sampling is completed, the soil sample remains in the ring knife sampling head 23. Under the action of the elastic reset component 3, the sampling actuator 2 moves up to complete the reset. During the reset process of the sampling actuator 2, it is controlled by the posture conversion mechanism 5 to adjust its posture. The posture conversion mechanism 5 is linked between the sampling actuator 2 and the base component 1, and responds to the axial displacement of the sampling actuator 2 to trigger the sampling actuator 2 to flip 180°.

[0049] Reference Figure 2-8, wherein, the initial state of the sampling actuator 2 is that the ring knife sampling head 23 is facing downward, the pushing member 42 moves downward, acts on the top of the sample storage container 21, pushes the sampling actuator 2 to move downward, and makes the ring knife sampling head 23 align with the sampling point on the ground for sampling. During the return process, the posture conversion mechanism 5 is triggered to make the sampling actuator 2 flip 180°, and the ring knife sampling head 23 faces upward. When the pedal 43 is stepped on again, the pushing member 42 moves downward and extends into the ring knife sampling head 23 to squeeze the soil sample. When the columnar soil sample collected by the ring knife sampling head 23 is squeezed into the sample storage container 21 through the conical transition sleeve 22 under the action of the pushing member 42, the conical transition sleeve 22 is on the periphery of the soil sample and the ring knife sampling head. The contaminated layer in contact with 23 is sheared and stripped, and the uncontaminated part in the center of the soil sample enters the sample storage container 21 through the conical transition sleeve 22. In order to ensure that the soil sample is completely pushed out of the ring knife sampling head 23, the pushing member 42 needs to be extended into the ring knife sampling head 23 until it is against the narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22. When the downward pressure is continued to be applied to the pedal 43, the pushing member 42 directly acts on the conical transition sleeve 22, driving the sampling actuator 2 to move down as a whole to the lower dead point position of the slide 12 again, and when resetting, the posture conversion mechanism 5 is triggered again to make the sampling actuator 2 flip 180°, and so on. The process of soil sampling and soil contaminated layer stripping and collection is completed by two stepping.

[0050] The wide diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the mounting sleeve 24, and the sample storage container 21 is inserted into the mounting sleeve 24 and is threadedly connected to the mounting sleeve 24. The sample storage container 21 can be disassembled and assembled by rotation, so that when sampling is completed, the sample storage container 21 can be removed for soil sample packaging. The narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 is close to the ring knife sampling head 23 and the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head 23. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 is 6 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head 23. Since the conical transition sleeve 22 and the ring knife sampling head 23 are coaxially arranged, after the ring knife sampling head 23 completes sampling, based on the coordinated control of the posture conversion mechanism 5 and the driving mechanism 4, a single stepping action completes the soil sampling and the flipping of the sampling actuator 2, and a second stepping action completes the soil sample transfer and the stripping of the contaminated layer. The process does not require manual intervention in soil sample processing, thereby improving the sampling operation efficiency.

[0051] Since the ring knife sampling head 23 brings out the soil sample during the resetting process, traditional ring knife sampling requires a separate push rod to apply pressure. After the sampling is completed, the soil around the ring knife needs to be destroyed to remove the ring knife, which causes great damage to the soil. In this sampling device, the elastic resetting component 3 enables the sampling actuator 2 to automatically rebound to the initial position after the sampling is completed, avoiding damage to the soil when the traditional ring knife is used, and maintaining the in-situ state of the soil to the maximum extent.

[0052] The conical transition sleeve 22 is connected to the ring knife sampling head 23 by a plurality of connecting plates 25. A space for stripping soil samples to be discharged is formed between the connecting plates 25. When the pushing member 42 pushes the soil sample, the soil sample moves toward the conical transition sleeve 22. The narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 cuts the soil sample. At the same time, the conical structure has a guiding function to directly discharge the stripped contaminated soil sample. The conical transition sleeve 22 is made of polyetheretherketone material. The outer diameter of the narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 is 6mm smaller than the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head 23, which will strip the 3mm thick outer layer of the soil sample. Due to the detection of heavy metals, organic matter and other pollutants in the soil sample, the conical transition sleeve 22 is used to remove the soil sample. The ring knife sampling head 23 is made of metal and will rub against the soil during the sampling process, causing the surface metal ions to migrate into the sample, resulting in an increase in the metal element content of the sample after sampling, and forming pollution on the surface of the soil sample. By peeling off the surface pollution layer, the sampling device adopts a metal ring knife sampling head 23. While maintaining the cutting performance, it uses the chemical inertness and conical shear surface of the polyetheretherketone material to achieve mechanical active peeling of the pollution layer, ensuring that the pollution layer is completely peeled off without damaging the core sample, thereby improving the detection accuracy of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter, and eliminating the need for sampling personnel to hold wooden tools for secondary operations, thereby reducing the risk of secondary pollution.

[0053] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 8 The wide diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 is rotatably provided with two symmetrically arranged flaps 221, and a torsion spring is provided at the rotating shaft of the flap 221 (the torsion spring is not shown in the drawings). A limiting convex ring 222 is also provided in the conical transition sleeve 22 for limiting the rotation of the flap 221 toward the inside of the conical transition sleeve 22. Under the action of the torsion spring, the flap 221 flips toward the inside of the conical transition sleeve 22 and stops on the limiting convex ring 222. The two flaps 221 are both semicircular. When the flap 221 is deflected and closed, a complete circle is formed to close the wide diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22. 221 prevents the leakage of soil samples in the sample storage container 21 and limits the unidirectional movement of the soil samples. When the pushing member 42 pushes the soil sample, the soil sample enters the interior of the conical transition sleeve 22 through the narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22, and then falls on the flap 221, causing the flap 221 to flip downward, and the soil sample enters the sample storage container 21. When sampling at subsequent sampling points, due to the presence of soil samples in the sample storage container 21, when the ring knife sampling head 23 is at the bottom, the soil sample in the sample storage container 21 will fall. Under the closed blocking action of the flap 221, the soil sample is blocked to prevent it from falling.

[0054] Reference Figure 1-2 The elastic reset assembly 3 includes a tension spring 31, and a hook rod 32 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the guide rod 11. The two ends of the tension spring 31 hook the hook rod 32 and the fixed shaft 241 respectively. The end hook ring of the tension spring 31 ensures that the rotation of the fixed shaft 241 is not affected while applying tension to the fixed shaft 241.

[0055] Reference Figure 8 The pushing piece 42 is in the shape of a disc whose outer diameter matches the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head 23. When the pushing piece 42 is pushed into the ring knife sampling head 23, the soil sample in the ring knife sampling head 23 is pushed out as a whole. The edge of the extrusion end of the pushing piece 42 is provided with a chamfer, which has a guiding function, making it easier for the pushing piece 42 to enter the ring knife sampling head 23.

[0056] Reference Figure 3-12 , the attitude conversion mechanism 5 is used to control the stable flipping of the sampling actuator 2. Specifically, the attitude conversion mechanism 5 includes a control gear 51 sleeved on one of the fixed shafts 241, the fixed shaft 241 includes an integrally formed central shaft body and an annular boss, a one-way bearing is provided between the fixed shaft 241 and the control gear 51, wherein the control gear 51 is sleeved on the annular boss, the one-way bearing is provided between the control gear 51 and the annular boss, the outer ring of the one-way bearing is fixed to the inner wall of the control gear 51, and the inner ring of the one-way bearing is fixed to the annular boss. Under the action of the one-way bearing, the control gear 51 is sleeved on the annular boss, and the one-way bearing is provided between the control gear 51 and the annular boss. One-way locking is achieved between the gear 51 and the fixed shaft 241. The control gear 51 only allows the fixed shaft 241 to be driven in one direction to rotate. When the control gear 51 drives the fixed shaft 241 in the reverse direction, effective transmission cannot be carried out between the inner ring and the outer ring of the one-way bearing. A control rack 52 is fixedly provided on the side wall of the guide rod 11 corresponding to the control gear 51. The control rack 52 is arranged parallel to the slide groove 12. The control gear 51 and the control rack 52 are intermittently meshed. During the up and down movement of the fixed shaft 241, the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 are in three states: disengagement-engagement-disengagement.

[0057] The annular boss of another fixed shaft 241 is provided with two flat openings 53 at equal distances along the circumference. The two flat openings 53 are planes formed by eliminating part of the solid body of the outer peripheral surface of the annular boss. The planes where the two flat openings 53 are located are parallel to each other. The flat openings 53 can be realized by milling or grinding. A reversing plate 54 is fixedly provided on the side wall of the guide rod 11 corresponding to the flat openings 53. A positioning notch 55 is vertically provided on the reversing plate 54. The spacing between the two flat openings 53 (the vertical distance between the planes where the two flat openings 53 are located) is consistent with the width of the positioning notch 55. When the flat opening 53 is stuck in the positioning notch 55, the fixed shaft 241 cannot rotate. The fixed shaft 241 is movable, and a reversing notch 56 with a width greater than the diameter of the annular boss is provided in the middle of the positioning notch 55. When the fixed shaft 241 enters the reversing notch 56, since the reversing notch 56 is wider than the annular boss portion of the fixed shaft 241, the fixed shaft 241 can rotate freely, and the tooth portion of the control rack 52 coincides with the position of the reversing notch 56. During the movement of the sampling actuator 2, the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 are first disengaged, and at the same time, the flat mouth 53 is fitted with the inner wall of the positioning notch 55. At this time, under the cooperation of the flat mouth 53 and the positioning notch 55, the fixed shaft 241 is The shaft 241 cannot rotate, and the sampling actuator 2 keeps moving down in a vertical state until the control gear 51 is engaged with the control rack 52, and the fixed shaft 241 with the flat mouth 53 enters the reversing notch 56. The fixed shaft 241 can rotate freely, but under the action of the one-way bearing, the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 do not effectively transmit the downward movement. The sampling actuator 2 still keeps moving down in a vertical state until the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 are disengaged again. At the same time, the flat mouth 53 fits with the inner wall of the positioning notch 55 to ensure that the ring knife sampling head 23 remains in the vertical state. The sampling actuator 2 is inserted downward into the soil in a straight state. When the sampling actuator 2 is reset upward, the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 enter the meshing state from the disengaged state, and the ring knife sampling head 23 is pulled out of the soil to bring out the soil sample. The fixed shaft 241 with the flat mouth 53 enters the reversing slot 56. The upward movement of the control gear 51 is effectively transmitted with the control rack 52 to drive the sampling actuator 2 to flip. With the cooperation of the flat mouth 53 and the positioning slot 55, the sampling actuator 2 remains in a vertical state except for the flipping process, ensuring the accuracy of the position when sampling and the subsequent pushing member 42 pushes the soil sample. Example 2

[0058] Reference Figure 11A cross-shaped partition 211 is provided at the bottom of the sample storage container 21. The cross-shaped partition 211 extends from the bottom of the sample storage container 21 to the middle of the sample storage container 21, dividing the lower half of the sample storage container 21 into four identical spaces. Multiple samples are placed in the sample storage container 21, and multiple samples are mixed evenly in the connected space above the sample storage container 21 as the sample storage container 21 is turned over. Alternatively, after removing the sample storage container 21 and sealing the open end of the sample storage container 21, the soil sample can be mixed in the upper half of the sample storage container 21 by shaking, and then the sample storage container 21 is placed vertically so that the mixed soil sample enters the four spaces evenly. The bottoms of the two spaces at the two diagonal positions pass through the sample storage container 21 to form an opening 212. The bottom of the sample storage container 21 is threadedly connected to a cover 213 for closing the opening 212. When taking out the soil sample, the cover 213 is rotated to open the diagonal opening 212, which facilitates the separation of two representative samples and complies with the quartering specification. Compared with traditional manual reduction, the sample mixing uniformity is improved and the operation time is reduced. It should be noted that the overall weight of multiple groups of soil samples cannot exceed half of the sample storage container 21, otherwise the stacked soil samples will exceed the cross-shaped partition 211 when the sample storage container 21 is in a vertical state, which will cause errors in reducing the soil samples. Example 3

[0059] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5-7The surface soil pollution prevention sampling device for environmental detection also includes a cleaning mechanism 6, which includes two horizontally coplanar mounting brackets 61, the two mounting brackets 61 are slidably connected by a slide rod 62, and a compression spring 63 is provided between the slide rod 62 and the mounting bracket 61. Specifically, the two mounting brackets 61 are provided with mounting ears 611 at one end facing each other, and a circular hole adapted to the slide rod 62 is opened on the mounting ear 611. The slide rod 62 passes through the circular holes on the mounting ears 611 on the same side of the two mounting brackets 61. There are also circular rings 621 at both ends of the slide rod 62, and two compression springs 63 are symmetrically sleeved on one slide rod 62. One end of the compression spring 63 acts on the mounting ear 611, and the other end acts on the circular ring 621. Under the elastic force of the compression spring 63, the two mounting brackets 61 are pressed against each other, and the bottom end of the guide rod 11 rotates. Two connecting rods 64 are dynamically provided, and the movable ends of the two connecting rods 64 are rotatably connected to the two mounting brackets 61 respectively. The connecting rod 64 serves as a hypotenuse and forms an isosceles trapezoidal structure with a variable hypotenuse angle with the mounting bracket 61. During sampling, the gravity of the sampling device and the downward pressure applied by the operator through the operating rod 13 will be transmitted to the connecting rod 64, so that the connecting rod 64 drives the mounting bracket 61 to move in opposite directions. At the same time, the ring knife sampling head 23 will move down close to the soil surface until the compression spring 63 reaches the limit position. Under the action of the impurity removal mechanism 6, during the process of the ring knife sampling head 23 being inserted into the sampled soil, the fixed shaft 241 on the sampling actuator 2 moves from the top dead center position to the bottom dead center position, which can effectively prevent the base assembly 1 from moving synchronously with the sampling actuator 2. The operator no longer needs to control the operating rod 13 when holding the operating rod 13.

[0060] An arc scraper 65 is installed at the facing end of the mounting frame 61. The two arc scrapers 65 are in contact with each other in the initial state. A roller 66 is installed at the opposite end of the mounting frame 61, which is conducive to the horizontal movement of the mounting frame 61. The bottom end of the arc scraper 65 is lower than the bottom end of the roller 66 in the plane, which is 15 mm in this embodiment. During the separation of the two mounting frames 61, the arc scraper 65 is embedded in the soil surface by 15 mm, and the debris on the soil surface is removed to the outside of the sampling point, exposing the clean sampling point, improving the cleanliness of the sampling point, and ensuring the representativeness of the sample. After removing debris such as grass stems, gravel, and humus, the ring knife sampling head 23 is accurately contacted with the target soil layer to avoid the mixing of plant roots, resulting in organic matter detection deviation, and gravel obstruction causing the sampling depth to be out of control.

[0061] The specific working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0062] During use, determine the sampling point, move the sampling device above the sampling point, align the ring knife sampling head 23 with the sampling point, press the operating rod 13, and the arc scraper 65 is embedded 15mm into the soil surface. The gravity of the sampling device and the downward pressure applied by the operator through the operating rod 13 will be transmitted to the connecting rod 64, so that the connecting rod 64 drives the mounting frame 61 to move in opposite directions. The arc scraper 65 removes the debris on the surface of the soil to the outside of the sampling point, exposing the clean sampling point. At the same time, the ring knife sampling head 23 will move down close to the soil surface until the compression spring 63 reaches the limit position.

[0063] By stepping on the pedal 43, the driving rod 41 drives the pushing member 42 to move downward and act on the sampling actuator 2. The sampling actuator 2 slides longitudinally downward along the slide groove 12, so that the ring knife sampling head 23 is inserted into the sampled soil. At the same time, the fixed shaft 241 on the sampling actuator 2 reaches the bottom dead center position from the top dead center position. After sampling is completed, the soil sample remains in the ring knife sampling head 23. Under the action of the elastic reset component 3, the sampling actuator 2 moves upward to complete the reset. When the sampling actuator 2 is reset upward, the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 enter the meshing state from the disengaged state, and the ring knife sampling head 23 is pulled out of the soil to bring out the soil sample. The fixed shaft 241 with a flat mouth 53 enters the reversing slot 56. The upward movement of the control gear 51 is effectively transmitted with the control rack 52 to drive the sampling actuator 2 to flip.

[0064] After the sampling actuator 2 flips 180°, the ring knife sampling head 23 faces upward. When the pedal 43 is stepped on again, the pushing member 42 moves downward and extends into the ring knife sampling head 23 to squeeze the soil sample. When the pushing member 42 pushes the soil sample, the soil sample moves toward the conical transition sleeve 22. The narrow diameter end of the conical transition sleeve 22 has a cutting effect on the soil sample. At the same time, the conical structure has a guiding function, which directly discharges the stripped contaminated soil sample. The chemical inertness and conical shear surface of the polyetheretherketone material are used to achieve mechanical active stripping of the contaminated layer, ensuring that the contaminated layer is completely stripped without damaging the core sample, thereby improving the detection accuracy of pollutants such as heavy metals and organic matter.

[0065] The soil sample enters the interior of the conical transition sleeve 22 through the narrow end of the conical transition sleeve 22, and then falls on the flap 221, causing the flap 221 to flip downward, and the soil sample enters the sample storage container 21. When sampling at subsequent sampling points, since there is soil sample in the sample storage container 21, when the ring knife sampling head 23 is at the bottom, the soil sample in the sample storage container 21 will fall. Under the closed blocking action of the flap 221, the soil sample is blocked to prevent it from falling.

[0066] After the push piece 42 extends into the ring knife sampling head 23 until it contacts the narrow end of the conical transition sleeve 22, the soil sample is completely discharged from the ring knife sampling head 23. When the downward pressure on the pedal 43 is continued, the push piece 42 acts directly on the conical transition sleeve 22, driving the sampling actuator 2 to move down to the bottom dead center position of the slide 12 as a whole. The pedal 43 is released, and the push piece 42 is reset under the action of the reset spring 44 and moves out of the ring knife sampling head 23. Under the action of the elastic reset component 3, the sampling actuator 2 moves up to complete the reset. When the sampling actuator 2 resets upward, the control gear 51 and the control rack 52 are disengaged. The sampling actuator 2 is turned 180° and then returns to the initial state (the ring knife sampling head 23 is vertically facing downward). If the pushing member 42 is affected by the friction of the residual soil sample on the inner wall of the ring knife sampling head 23 and is not moved out of the ring knife sampling head 23 in time, resulting in the flipping of the sampling actuator 2 being blocked by the pushing member 42, the pedal 43 can be manually pulled to pull the pushing member 42 out of the ring knife sampling head 23 to release the movement restriction.

[0067] Continue to move to the next point to complete multi-point sampling. Multiple samples are evenly mixed in the connected space above the sample storage container 21 as the sample storage container 21 is turned over. Alternatively, after removing the sample storage container 21 and sealing the open end of the sample storage container 21, the soil sample can be mixed in the upper half of the sample storage container 21 by shaking. The sample storage container 21 is then placed vertically to allow the mixed soil sample to enter the four spaces evenly. After rotating the cover 213 to open the diagonal opening 212, the separation of the two representative samples is facilitated, which complies with the quartering specification. Compared with traditional manual reduction, the sample mixing uniformity is improved and the operation time is reduced.

Claims

1. A surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing, characterized in that: include: A base assembly (1) is provided with symmetrically distributed guide rods (11) having slide grooves (12); A sampling actuator (2) is slidably mounted on the guide rod (11), comprising a sample storage container (21), a conical transition sleeve (22), and a knife ring sampling head (23) connected in sequence, wherein the narrow end of the conical transition sleeve (22) is close to the knife ring sampling head (23) and the outer diameter of the knife ring sampling head (23) is smaller than the inner diameter of the knife ring sampling head (23); The sampling actuator (2) further includes a mounting sleeve (24), the wide diameter end of the conical transition sleeve (22) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the mounting sleeve (24), and the sample storage container (21) is inserted into the mounting sleeve (24) and is threadedly connected to the mounting sleeve (24); The conical transition sleeve (22) and the ring knife sampling head (23) are connected via a plurality of connecting plates (25), and a space for discharging the stripped soil sample is formed between the connecting plates (25). The conical transition sleeve (22) is made of polyetheretherketone material; An elastic reset assembly (3) connects the base assembly (1) and the sampling actuator (2) to keep the sampling actuator (2) at the top dead center of the slide groove (12) under normal conditions; A driving mechanism (4) comprising an axially movable driving rod (41) and a pushing member (42) and a pedal (43) respectively provided at the ends thereof, a return spring (44) being provided between the pedal (43) and the base assembly (1), and the driving rod (41) being slidably connected to the base assembly (1); An attitude conversion mechanism (5) is linked between the sampling actuator (2) and the base assembly (1), and triggers the sampling actuator (2) to flip 180 degrees in response to the axial displacement of the sampling actuator (2); When the columnar soil sample collected by the ring knife sampling head (23) is squeezed into the sample storage container (21) through the conical transition sleeve (22) under the action of the pushing member (42), the conical transition sleeve (22) completes shearing and stripping of the contaminated layer on the periphery of the soil sample that contacts the ring knife sampling head (23).

2. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two symmetrically arranged flaps (221) are rotatably provided at the wide-diameter end of the conical transition sleeve (22), a torsion spring is provided at the rotation axis of the flaps (221), and a limiting convex ring (222) is further provided in the conical transition sleeve (22) for limiting the flaps (221) from rotating toward the inside of the conical transition sleeve (22).

3. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed shaft (241) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the mounting sleeve (24), and the fixed shaft (241) extends into the slide groove (12) and is slidably assembled with the slide groove (12).

4. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The elastic reset assembly (3) includes a tension spring (31), a hook rod (32) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the guide rod (11), and two ends of the tension spring (31) respectively hook the hook rod (32) and the fixed shaft (241).

5. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pushing piece (42) is in the shape of a disk, the outer diameter of which matches the inner diameter of the ring knife sampling head (23), and the edge of the extrusion end of the pushing piece (42) is provided with an oblique chamfer.

6. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The posture conversion mechanism (5) includes a control gear (51) sleeved on one of the fixed shafts (241), the fixed shaft (241) includes an integrally formed central shaft body and an annular boss, a one-way bearing is provided between the fixed shaft (241) and the control gear (51), the one-way bearing is located between the control gear (51) and the annular boss, a control rack (52) is fixedly provided on the side wall of the guide rod (11) corresponding to the control gear (51), and the control gear (51) and the control rack (52) are intermittently meshed; The annular boss of the other fixed shaft (241) is provided with two flat openings (53) equidistantly along the circumferential direction, and the planes on which the two flat openings (53) are located are parallel to each other. A reversing plate (54) is fixedly provided on the side wall of the guide rod (11) corresponding to the flat opening (53), and a positioning notch (55) is vertically provided on the reversing plate (54). The spacing between the two flat openings (53) is consistent with the width of the positioning notch (55), and a reversing notch (56) having a width greater than the diameter of the fixed shaft (241) is provided in the middle of the positioning notch (55), and the tooth portion of the control rack (52) coincides with the position of the reversing notch (56).

7. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cross-shaped partition (211) is provided at the bottom of the sample storage container (21), dividing the sample storage container (21) into four identical spaces, wherein the bottoms of two spaces at two diagonal positions penetrate the sample storage container (21) to form openings (212), and a cover (213) for closing the openings (212) is threadedly connected to the bottom of the sample storage container (21).

8. The surface soil anti-pollution sampling device for environmental testing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model also includes a debris removal mechanism (6), wherein the debris removal mechanism (6) includes two horizontal coplanar mounting frames (61), the two mounting frames (61) are slidably connected via a slide bar (62), and mounting ears (611) are provided at the opposite ends of the two mounting frames (61), and circular holes adapted to the slide bar (62) are provided on the mounting ears (611), and the slide bar (62) passes through the circular holes on the mounting ears (611) on the same side of the two mounting frames (61), and circular rings (621) are provided at both ends of the slide bar (62). The weighing sleeve is provided with two compression springs (63), one end of the compression spring (63) acts on the mounting ear (611), and the other end acts on the ring (621). Two connecting rods (64) are rotatably provided at the bottom end of the guide rod (11). The movable ends of the two connecting rods (64) are rotatably connected to the two mounting frames (61) respectively. The facing ends of the mounting frames (61) are provided with arc-shaped scrapers (65), and the opposite ends of the mounting frames (61) are provided with rollers (66). The bottom end of the arc-shaped scraper (65) is lower than the plane where the bottom end of the roller (66) is located.

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