Roof photovoltaic power station design stage pre-construction model construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a roof photovoltaic power station design stage pre-construction model construction method comprising the following steps: S1, using an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out inclination data acquisition on a roof and a surrounding environment thereof, and obtaining a plurality of image data; s2, importing the multiple pieces of image data into three-dimensional reconstruction software, performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the roof to obtain a three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof, and exporting a corresponding 3D digital model format; s3, performing photovoltaic component layout design by using the 3D digital model format and the orthograph of the three-dimensional reconstruction model; s4, modeling each component of the photovoltaic power station one by one by using modeling software, and finishing live-action modeling of the roof photovoltaic power station in combination with the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof to obtain a live-action model of the roof; and S5, performing dynamic rendering by using the real scene model, and simulating a dynamic construction project. By integrating the unmanned aerial vehicle technology and the three-dimensional modeling means, a high-precision pre-construction model reflecting the real condition and the surrounding environment of the photovoltaic power station after the photovoltaic power station is constructed is constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of architectural design, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design stage of a rooftop photovoltaic power station. Background Art

[0002] The pre-construction model of a photovoltaic power station is a digital virtual model based on advanced data acquisition and modeling technologies, accurately reflecting the appearance and layout of the photovoltaic power station after completion, aiming to provide comprehensive and accurate spatial information and visualization support for the design and implementation of the photovoltaic power station.

[0003] Currently, the traditional design of rooftop photovoltaic power stations is mostly limited to two-dimensional floor plans. This method has problems such as incomplete information, low visualization level, and low communication efficiency, restricting the optimization of design schemes and implementation effects. Therefore, in view of the limitations of the traditional design of rooftop photovoltaic power stations, in some schemes, drones are used to collect data on the original building and its surrounding environment. During the data collection process, no manual intervention is required, and the image data collected by the drones can be directly imported into professional three-dimensional modeling software, and the image data is modeled using three-dimensional modeling technology, and then the appearance and layout of the rooftop photovoltaic power station after completion are reflected through two-dimensional floor plans and three-dimensional models.

[0004] However, even with the addition of drone and three-dimensional modeling technologies on the basis of traditional technologies, due to the structural complexity of the roof, the design scheme will still have poor effects in actual applications, thereby affecting the implementation benefits of the photovoltaic power station. To solve this problem, the usual means is to use drone technology to obtain moving images of the building from multiple perspectives and more accurately obtain the modeling data of the building.

[0005] However, currently using this measure has at least the following three problems: 1) Poor visualization effect; Although the use of drone technology makes the data information of the pictures more comprehensive and the use of three-dimensional modeling technology enhances the visualization level, it cannot intuitively simulate the construction process, and cannot effectively convey and feedback on the design scheme, increasing the communication cost and risk.

[0006] 2) Low design efficiency and accuracy; During the process of the drone taking pictures of the original building, it cannot effectively identify the structure and obstacles on the roof, and it is inevitable to have shading and conflicts of photovoltaic components in the design.

[0007] 3) The tilted photos taken by the drone contain a large amount of environmental data outside the roof, and the created model is a partial model, which needs to be processed in the industry, that is, the outline and dimensions of the roof are measured by manual tracing. However, the roof conditions are complex and diverse, the surveying and mapping are time-consuming and laborious, the labor cost is high, and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the above three problems, the object of the present invention is to propose a method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design stage of a rooftop photovoltaic power station, which uses drone technology and high-precision three-dimensional modeling means to overcome the defects of incomplete information, low visualization degree and low communication efficiency in the prior art; it also enhances the visualization effect of the project by means of real-scene modeling and dynamic rendering, generates a high-precision three-dimensional model to intuitively display the appearance and layout of the photovoltaic power station after completion, and better displays the design scheme while ensuring the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the model.

[0009] It is achieved through the following technical solutions: A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design stage of a rooftop photovoltaic power station, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Use a real-time kinematic (RTK) drone to collect oblique data of the rooftop and its surrounding environment to obtain multiple image data; S2. Import the multiple image data in step S1 into three-dimensional reconstruction software, first perform aerial triangulation processing and generate a quality report; for the image data that meets the quality requirements, select the original model automatically generated based on oblique photography to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of the rooftop, obtain the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the rooftop, and export the corresponding 3D digital model format; S3. First use a model browser to obtain rooftop measurement information from the 3D digital model format in step S2, and then identify the structure and obstacles of the rooftop based on the orthophoto of the three-dimensional reconstruction model and perform shadow analysis to obtain the analysis result; S4. Based on the analysis result in step S3, use modeling software to model each component of the photovoltaic power station one by one according to the design details in the CAD drawings to obtain the model of each component, then import the CAD drawings into the modeling software to form the planar layer of the photovoltaic power station, arrange the models of each component on the planar layer, and for the components at special positions, they need to be constructed separately based on the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the rooftop; then import the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the rooftop into the modeling software as the base map, and adjust the construction layout based on the structural characteristics and obstacle conditions of the rooftop to obtain the real-scene model of the rooftop; S5. Perform dynamic rendering on the real-scene model in step S4, produce animations of each component and equipment installation nodes of the photovoltaic power station, simulate the dynamic construction process and present the technical details and operation steps during the installation, and finally present a dynamic real-scene model of the rooftop.

[0010] By integrating drone technology and high-precision three-dimensional modeling means, it not only realizes the intuitive display of the appearance and layout of the photovoltaic power station after completion in the design stage of the photovoltaic project, but also optimizes the model construction process of the photovoltaic power station, significantly improving the design efficiency and accuracy.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, a high-precision real-time kinematic (RTK) drone is used to collect oblique data of the roof and its surrounding environment. Here, the data collection is carried out by using an RTK drone equipped with an oblique photography system to take pictures from multiple angles, directions, and perspectives, obtaining a large amount of high-definition and high-precision image data for the 3D reconstruction of the roof. This process can not only efficiently obtain high-resolution images of the building and its surrounding panorama but also ensure the spatial positioning accuracy of the data, significantly improving the reliability of subsequent modeling.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the image data collected by the drone is imported into professional 3D reconstruction software. First, an aerial triangulation process is performed and a quality report is generated to evaluate whether the quality of the photos taken by the drone meets the standards for 3D reconstruction. For the image data that meets the quality requirements, the original model automatically generated based on oblique photography is selected to perform 3D reconstruction on the roof, obtaining a 3D reconstruction model of the roof and exporting the corresponding 3D digital model format for subsequent layout design of photovoltaic components in CAD software.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, first, the roof measurement information is obtained from the 3D digital model format in step S2 using a model browser. Then, based on the orthophoto of the 3D reconstruction model of the roof, the structure and obstacles of the roof are identified and shadow analysis is carried out. The method for shadow analysis is as follows: Using the roof measurement information, in the shadow analysis software, the shadow change situations of the roof and obstacles under different lighting conditions are simulated, which can effectively avoid the occlusion and conflict of photovoltaic components in the design, thereby improving the design efficiency and accuracy.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, a professional modeling software is used to model each component of the photovoltaic power station one by one according to the design details in the CAD drawings, obtaining the model of each component. Then, the CAD drawings are imported into the modeling software to form a planar layer of the photovoltaic power station, and the models of various photovoltaic components are accurately arranged on the planar layer. For components in special positions, they need to be separately constructed based on the 3D reconstruction model of the roof to ensure that the shape and size of these components can match the actual roof structure. The 3D reconstruction model of the roof is imported into the modeling software as a base map, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic components is adjusted according to the actual situation of the roof and the gap between the components and the roof surface is eliminated, so as to achieve a closer fit and the actual scene effect after completion.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are: The present invention proposes a method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design stage of a rooftop photovoltaic power station. By integrating advanced technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) data collection, 3D reconstruction, and real-scene modeling, the overall efficiency and accuracy in the design stage of the rooftop photovoltaic power station are significantly improved. From the perspective of spatial information processing, the model can efficiently integrate multi-source data to form a detailed and accurate digital representation of the photovoltaic power station, maximizing the accuracy of model design. From the perspective of visual communication, the pre-construction model not only provides an intuitive simulation of the construction process for project stakeholders but also promotes the effective communication and feedback of design plans, reducing communication costs and risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a pre-construction model construction process; Figure 2 It is a detailed diagram of the pre-construction model construction process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0017] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] As Figure 1 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the pre-construction model construction process of the present invention, which briefly summarizes the model construction method and includes the following steps: UAV oblique acquisition to obtain multiple image data; import the multiple image data into 3D reconstruction software to achieve 3D reconstruction of the roof; perform layout design of the photovoltaic power station based on the roof reconstruction model and orthophoto; complete real-scene modeling of the photovoltaic power station by combining the 2D plan and the 3D reconstruction model of the roof; use the real-scene model for dynamic rendering to simulate the construction process. As Figure 2 shown, it is a detailed diagram of the pre-construction model construction process of the present invention, which details the relevant technologies, specific implementation methods, and processes used in the model construction process. This model construction method constructs a high-precision pre-construction model that reflects the real situation of the photovoltaic power station after completion and its surrounding environment by integrating multiple technologies such as UAVs, 3D reconstruction, and real-scene modeling.

[0019] The method specifically includes the following steps: S1. In the project survey phase, a high-precision real-time kinematic (RTK) drone is used to collect oblique data of the roof and its surrounding environment. Here, the oblique data collection is carried out by an RTK drone equipped with an oblique photography system for multi-angle, multi-direction, and multi-perspective shooting. Among them, multi-direction shooting means that the drone shoots from different azimuths to show different sides and details of the object, mainly including front shooting, side shooting, and back shooting; multi-angle shooting means that the drone shoots from different heights and perspectives to obtain different visual effects, mainly including low-angle shooting, high-angle shooting, and eye-level shooting; multi-perspective shooting means that the drone shoots from multiple different perspectives to obtain a rich visual experience, mainly including top-down perspective shooting, bottom-up perspective shooting, and special perspective shooting. Therefore, the drone shoots the roof and its surrounding environment from different angles, directions, and perspectives to obtain a large amount of high-definition and high-precision image data for the 3D reconstruction of the roof.

[0020] In this embodiment, in step S1, the model construction method uses an RTK drone to shoot the roof and its surrounding environment. Among them, the RTK drone technology refers to installing a real-time kinematic system on the drone. The drone can calculate the position information of the roof and its surrounding environment through the real-time kinematic system to achieve high-precision positioning, and then quickly and efficiently obtain high-resolution images of the roof and its surrounding environment, while ensuring the spatial positioning accuracy of the data, significantly improving the reliability of subsequent modeling.

[0021] S2. In the 3D reconstruction phase, the image data collected by the drone is subjected to aerial triangulation processing. Among them, aerial triangulation processing means determining the position and attitude of the drone during shooting through the image data collected by the drone, extracting the spatial position information of the ground objects from the images, and generating a quality report to check whether the quality of the photos taken by the drone meets the 3D reconstruction standards and whether images need to be added or deleted. This image processing technology ensures the accuracy and reliability of the image data. Then, the image data that meets the quality requirements is imported into professional 3D reconstruction software, and the original model automatically generated based on oblique photography is selected to perform 3D reconstruction on the roof, obtaining a 3D reconstruction model of the roof and performing model trimming to achieve a 1:1 restoration of the roof, providing accurate data information for the model browser to obtain the measurement information of the roof; then, the corresponding 3D digital model format is exported for subsequent photovoltaic component layout design in CAD software.

[0022] In this embodiment, in step S2, before using 3D reconstruction software to perform 3D reconstruction on the roof in the model construction method, considering whether the quality of the photos meets the standards for 3D reconstruction, an aerial triangulation processing technique is used to screen the quality of the image data. Aerial triangulation is a very important step in 3D modeling. It extracts the spatial position information of ground features from multiple image data captured by drones and generates a quality report. Through the quality report, it is evaluated whether the multiple image data collected by drones meet the project delivery requirements. Then, the images that meet the project delivery requirements are identified as qualified and imported into the 3D reconstruction software for 3D reconstruction of the roof, and the images that do not meet the project delivery requirements are identified as unqualified and deleted. This technique provides an accurate data basis for subsequent 3D modeling and improves the accuracy and reliability of the 3D reconstruction model of the roof. Secondly, the 3D reconstruction model of the roof realizes a 1:1 restoration of the roof and provides accurate data information for the model browser to obtain the measurement information of the roof.

[0023] In this embodiment, in step S2, after obtaining the 3D reconstruction model of the roof, the corresponding 3D digital model format is exported. This 3D digital model format preserves the geometric information, texture coordinates, and material information of the 3D reconstruction model of the roof, can retain more model details, and is used for the layout design of photovoltaic components in CAD software subsequently.

[0024] S3. In the preliminary design stage, the 3D digital model format in step S2 is imported into the model browser. The model browser is a tool for viewing and managing 3D models. It provides operations such as zooming, rotating, and panning, enabling users to observe the model from different angles to better understand and analyze the model structure and features. At the same time, the measurement function of the model browser mainly includes the dimension measurement and compliance check of 3D models. For example, in the HVAC specialty, the dimensions of the smoke exhaust duct can be measured through the model browser, and the distance between it and building components can be measured to ensure that the mechanical smoke exhaust duct meets the relevant design specifications. Using the measurement function of the model browser, the basic information of the roof is measured. The basic information of the roof mainly includes the geometric information of the 3D reconstruction model of the roof. After obtaining the roof measurement information, based on the orthographic projection of the 3D reconstruction model of the roof, the roof structure features are analyzed, the obstacle position information is identified, and shadow analysis is performed. The method for performing shadow analysis is: using the roof measurement information, in the shadow analysis software, simulate the shadow changes of the roof and obstacles under different lighting conditions. Through dynamic shadow analysis, the best lighting conditions can be obtained throughout the day and the utilization rate of the roof area can be maximized. Among them, different lighting conditions include: direct sunlight at noon, oblique sunlight in the morning and evening, overcast lighting, and indirect sunlight passing through clouds.

[0025] In this embodiment, in step S3, the model construction method is based on the 3D digital model format in step S2, and uses a model browser to obtain roof measurement information from the 3D digital model format, replacing the traditional manual measurement process and making the measurement information more accurate and comprehensive.

[0026] In this embodiment, in step S3, the orthographic projection of the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof in the model construction method can clearly show the structural features of the roof, such as pitched roofs, flat roofs, and skylights; at the same time, the orthographic projection can also accurately locate various obstacles on the roof, such as chimneys, antennas, and exhaust pipes, providing more accurate roof structural feature and obstacle position information for the layout design of photovoltaic components.

[0027] In this embodiment, in step S3, the model construction method identifies the structure and obstacles of the roof according to the orthographic projection and obtains roof measurement information from the 3D digital model format by using a model browser. Using shadow analysis software to simulate the shadow changes of the roof and obstacles under different lighting conditions can effectively avoid occlusion and conflict in the design of photovoltaic components, thereby improving the design efficiency and accuracy.

[0028] S4. In the real-scene modeling stage, use professional modeling software to manually model each component of the photovoltaic power station one by one according to the design details in the CAD drawings to obtain the model of each component. Then import the CAD two-dimensional drawing into the modeling software to form the plane layer of the photovoltaic power station. Through copy and paste operations, arrange the models of each component on the plane layer. For components in special positions such as air-conditioning units and roof central heating equipment, it is necessary to optimize the component models based on the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof to ensure that the shapes and sizes of these components can match the actual roof structure; then import the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof into the modeling software as the base map, adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic components based on the structural features of the roof and the obstacle position conditions, and eliminate the gaps with the roof surface to complete the real-scene modeling and obtain the real-scene model of the roof.

[0029] In this embodiment, in step S4, the detailed design in the CAD drawings used in the model construction method refers to the special enlarged annotation of a specific area in the CAD drawings. Its functions are as follows: by drawing with an enlarged scale, it details the construction details of the building and serves as a supplement to the plan, elevation, and sectional views to express the structural details that cannot be expressed in the plan, elevation, and sectional views. At the same time, it helps construction workers accurately understand the design intent, reduces errors and misunderstandings during construction, and ensures construction accuracy. Therefore, the modeling software models each component of the photovoltaic power station one by one according to the detailed design in the CAD drawings. Among them, the detailed design drawings can not only clearly show the structural details of each photovoltaic component, making the models of each constructed photovoltaic component more accurate, capable of matching the actual roof structure, achieving a closer fit, and thus achieving the actual scene effect after completion; but also provide detailed construction guidance, helping construction workers accurately understand the design intent and ensuring the accuracy of the construction of the rooftop photovoltaic power station.

[0030] S5. In the animation rendering stage, the real scene model in step S4 is dynamically rendered to produce animations of each component and equipment installation node of the photovoltaic power station, simulate the dynamic construction process, and present the technical details and operation steps during the installation process, finally presenting a dynamic rooftop real scene model.

[0031] In this embodiment, in step S4, the model construction method dynamically renders the real scene model of the roof, animates the components and equipment installation nodes of the photovoltaic power station, and simulates the dynamic construction process, enhancing the visualization effect of the project.

[0032] In summary, by integrating advanced technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicle data collection, 3D reconstruction, and real scene modeling, the present invention constructs a high-precision pre-construction model that reflects the real situation of the photovoltaic power station after completion and its surrounding environment. While improving the accuracy and efficiency of the design, it provides a common visual basis, promotes effective communication among project stakeholders, and reduces understanding and expectation deviations, showing significant progressiveness.

[0033] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Use a real-time dynamic positioning drone to collect tilt data of the roof and its surrounding environment to obtain multiple image data; S2, importing the multiple image data in step S1 into the 3D reconstruction software, first performing aerial triangulation and generating a quality report; for the image data that meets the quality requirements, selecting the original model automatically generated based on oblique photography to perform 3D reconstruction on the roof, obtaining a 3D reconstructed model of the roof, and exporting the corresponding 3D digital model format; S3, first using a model browser to obtain roof measurement information from the 3D digital model format of step S2, then identifying the structure and obstacles of the roof based on the orthographic image of the 3D reconstructed model of the roof and performing shadow analysis to obtain analysis results; S4. Based on the analysis results in step S3, each component of the photovoltaic power station is modeled one by one using a modeling software according to the design template in the CAD drawing to obtain a model of each component. The CAD drawing is then imported into the modeling software to form a plane layer of the photovoltaic power station, and the model of each component is arranged on the plane layer. Then, each component at a special position is separately constructed based on the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof; the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof is then imported into the modeling software as a base map, and the construction layout is adjusted based on the structural characteristics of the roof and the obstacles to obtain a real-life model of the roof; wherein the special position includes an air-conditioning unit and a central heating device on the roof; S5. Dynamically render the real-scene model in step S4, create animations for each component and equipment installation node of the photovoltaic power station, simulate the dynamic construction project and present the technical details and operation steps in the installation process, and finally present a dynamic real-scene model of the roof.

2. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the tilt data collection is performed by using a real-time dynamic positioning drone equipped with a tilt photography system to shoot at multiple angles, directions and perspectives to obtain multiple image data for three-dimensional reconstruction of the roof.

3. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, before performing three-dimensional reconstruction of the roof, it is necessary to perform aerial triangulation on multiple image data and generate a quality report; wherein, the aerial triangulation includes: determining the position and posture of the drone during shooting through multiple image data collected by the drone, and extracting the spatial position information of the ground objects from the multiple image data.

4. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the orthographic image based on the three-dimensional reconstructed model of the roof is used to display the structural features of the roof, including a pitched roof, a flat roof and a skylight; at the same time, the orthographic image is also used to locate various obstacles on the roof, including chimneys, antennas and exhaust pipes.

5. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the method for performing shadow analysis is: using the roof measurement information, in the shadow analysis software, simulating the shadow changes of the roof and obstacles under different lighting conditions.

6. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station according to claim 5, characterized in that: Different lighting conditions include direct sunlight at midday, oblique sunlight in the morning and evening, sunlight on cloudy days, and indirect sunlight through clouds.

7. A method for constructing a pre-construction model in the design phase of a rooftop photovoltaic power station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the components at special locations include at least air-conditioning units and rooftop central heating equipment. When the model of each component is arranged on the plane layer, the component at each special location needs to be constructed separately based on the three-dimensional reconstruction model of the roof.

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