Compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on E-H surface two-dimensional expansion structure
By adopting a compact multi-waveguide power synthesizer with an E-H surface two-dimensional expansion structure in the multi-waveguide power synthesizer, the problems of complex structure, low power capacity and low synthesis efficiency in the prior art are solved, and efficient and compact multi-wave power synthesis is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510262940.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-03
AI Technical Summary
The existing two-dimensional waveguide power synthesizer has complex structure, low power capacity, low synthesis efficiency, high insertion loss and low port isolation.
A compact multi-channel waveguide power synthesizer based on the E-H surface two-dimensional expansion structure is adopted. The main rectangular waveguide is connected to the branch line structure of the E-plane and H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, which realizes single-stage multi-channel power synthesis, improves power capacity and synthesis efficiency, and reduces insertion loss.
A compact single-stage circuit structure is realized, which improves power capacity, synthesis efficiency and isolation, reduces insertion loss, and is suitable for microwave components that require high-power synthesis and amplification structures.
Smart Images
Figure CN120089925A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention discloses a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, which relates to microwave technology and belongs to the technical field of basic electrical components. Background Art
[0002] With the rapid development of modern communication technologies, radar systems, and radio broadcasts, the demand for radio frequency / microwave power devices is increasing day by day. In particular, power combining devices with high frequency, high power, high efficiency, and broadband characteristics have become key core components in modern electronic systems. In radio frequency / microwave systems, power combiners are widely used in multiple fields such as signal processing, communication, radar, and electronic countermeasures. Their main function is to combine the powers of multiple signal sources into a higher-power output signal to meet the system's demand for high-power signals. Such devices need to operate stably within a wide frequency band and have low insertion loss, high efficiency, and good isolation to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system.
[0003] Traditional multi-stage power combiners achieve high-power output through step-by-step combining. Although they can meet the high-power and broadband requirements to a certain extent, their designs are complex, their volumes are large, and they also have problems such as high insertion loss and low port isolation, which directly limit their application performance in complex systems. In addition, multi-stage structures often increase the difficulty of thermal management, resulting in a reduced power utilization efficiency of the entire system.
[0004] To overcome the defects of traditional multi-stage power combiners, a cascaded two-dimensional waveguide power combiner is formed by cascading multi-way waveguide power devices based on an E-plane multi-hole extended coupling structure to achieve multi-stage multi-way power combining, and the structure size, loss, and isolation of the power combiner are optimized. However, the structure is complex, and the power capacity and combining efficiency of the limited-area circuit still need to be improved.
[0005] The present invention aims to propose a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure to overcome the above defects. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The invention object of the present invention is to provide a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure to overcome the deficiencies of the above background art, realize single-stage multi-way power combining, and achieve the invention objects of improving power capacity, high combining efficiency, high isolation, and reducing insertion loss through a compact single-stage circuit structure, and solve the technical problems of the existing two-dimensional waveguide power combiner having a complex structure, low power capacity, and low combining efficiency.
[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above invention objects: A compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, which is a single-stage multi-way power combiner composed of a main rectangular waveguide, at least one stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguides symmetric about the center of the main rectangular waveguide, and at least one stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguides symmetric about the center of the main rectangular waveguide. The main rectangular waveguide is connected to the first-stage E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide through an E-plane branch line structure, and the main waveguide is connected to the first-stage H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide through an H-plane branch line structure. The i-th stage of E-plane / H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the E-plane and / or H-plane to connect to the (i + 1)-th stage of E-plane and / or H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
[0008] As a further optimization scheme of a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, the i-th stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the E-plane to connect to the (i + 1)-th stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, and / or the i-th stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the H-plane to connect to the (i + 1)-th stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, forming a (2N + 2M + 1)-way power combiner. Each stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide and the main rectangular waveguide are coupled and connected through an E-plane branch line structure to form an E-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure, and each stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide and the branch waveguide are coupled and connected through an H-plane branch line structure to form an H-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure, where N is the number of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide, and M is the number of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide.
[0009] As a further optimization scheme of a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, the i-th stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the H-plane to connect to the (i + 1)-th stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, and / or the i-th stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the E-plane to connect to the (i + 1)-th stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, forming a (2N + 1)*(2M + 1)-way power combiner. The i-th stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is connected to the (i + 1)-th stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide through an H-plane branch line structure, and the i-th stage of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is connected to the (i + 1)-th stage of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide through an E-plane branch line structure, where N is the number of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide, and M is the number of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide.
[0010] As a further optimization scheme of a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on an E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, both the E-plane branch line structure and the H-plane branch line structure respectively include at least one branch line, and the number of branch lines, the width of each branch line, and the spacing between adjacent branch lines are designed according to the coupling bandwidth and the coupling degree.
[0011] As a further optimization scheme of a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on the E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, when the single-stage multi-way waveguide power combiner operates in the power combining mode, one port on one side of the main rectangular waveguide and all rectangular coupling waveguide ports on the same side as it are input ports, the port on the other side of the main rectangular waveguide is the output port, and all rectangular coupling waveguide ports on the same side as the output port are isolation ports, and the isolation ports are connected with matching loads.
[0012] As a further optimization scheme of a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on the E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, when the single-stage multi-way waveguide power combiner operates in the power distribution mode, one port on one side of the main rectangular waveguide is the input port, and all rectangular coupling waveguide ports on the same side as the input port are isolation ports, the port on the other side of the main rectangular waveguide and all rectangular coupling waveguide ports on the same side as it are output ports, and the isolation ports are connected with matching loads.
[0013] As a further optimization scheme of a compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on the E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure, a phase compensation device is assembled at the output port.
[0014] The present invention adopts the above technical solutions and has the following beneficial effects: (1) For the multi-way waveguide power combiner proposed by the present invention, by expanding and coupling along the E-plane and H-plane of the main waveguide at the central position to form a first-level rectangular coupling waveguide that is centrosymmetric about the center of the main rectangular waveguide, coupling the first-level rectangular coupling waveguide with the main rectangular waveguide through the E-plane and H-plane branch line structures, and then performing multi-level coupling on the E-plane and / or H-plane of the first-level rectangular coupling waveguide, single-stage multi-way power combining can be realized. When realizing power combining with a large power capacity, it has a relatively compact structure and is suitable for microwave components that require a large-power combining and amplifying structure. Compared with the existing cascaded two-dimensional waveguide power combiner, it has the technical advantages of improving the power capacity, high combining efficiency, high isolation degree and reducing the insertion loss through a compact single-stage circuit structure.
[0015] (2) For the multi-way waveguide power combiner proposed by the present invention, good operating bandwidth and isolation degree can be achieved by adjusting the number of branch lines, the width of the branch lines and the spacing between adjacent branch lines in the branch line structure.
[0016] (3) For the multi-way waveguide power combiner proposed by the present invention, the coupling waveguide can be further expanded outward in multiple levels through the E-plane and H-plane branch line structures to realize power combining of more paths, that is, it has good scalability.
[0017] (4) For the multi-way waveguide power combiner proposed by the present invention, it has a simple structure, is easy to design and process, has good reflection characteristics and transmission characteristics, and is suitable for high-frequency broadband high-power power combining and amplifying structures. Description of the Drawings
[0018] Figures 1(a) and 1(b) are the overall structure diagram and side view of a five-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 It is the overall structure diagram of a (2M + 2N + 1)-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Figures 3(a) and 3(b) are the overall structure diagram and side view of a nine-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0021] Figures 4(a) and 4(b) are the E-plane branch line structure and H-plane branch line structure in a nine-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 5(a) is the simulation result of the input return loss and the isolation degree between each output port of a nine-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 5(b) is the simulation result of the transmission coefficient of each output port of a nine-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] Figure 6 It is the overall structure diagram of a twenty-five-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0024] Figure 7 It is the overall structure diagram of a thirty-five-way waveguide power combiner based on a rectangular waveguide E-H plane two-dimensional extended coupling structure exemplified in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figures: 11, main path rectangular waveguide; 12, first-stage E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide; 13, first-stage H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide; 14, first-stage E-plane branch line structure; 15, first-stage H-plane branch line structure, 21 to 29, the first to the ninth ports. Specific implementation manner
[0026] The technical solution of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0027] To overcome the defects of the existing two-dimensional waveguide power combiner, such as low power capacity and low synthesis efficiency in a limited circuit area, the present invention proposes a compact multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on the E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure. The compact multi-channel waveguide power combiner based on the E-H plane two-dimensional extended structure is a single-stage multi-channel waveguide power combiner formed by two-dimensionally arranging multiple rectangular waveguides. The waveguide at the central position is the main path rectangular waveguide. The branch line structure of the main path rectangular waveguide extends along the E-plane and the H-plane to both sides of the main path rectangular waveguide to connect to the peripheral first-stage E-plane rectangular coupling waveguides and first-stage H-plane rectangular coupling waveguides. The first-stage E-plane rectangular coupling waveguides are parallel to the main path rectangular waveguide and symmetric about the center of the main path rectangular waveguide. The first-stage H-plane rectangular coupling waveguides are parallel to the main path rectangular waveguide and symmetric about the center of the main path rectangular waveguide. The first-stage E-plane rectangular coupling waveguides can continue to extend outward through the E-plane and / or the H-plane to connect to the second-stage rectangular coupling waveguides. The first-stage H-plane rectangular coupling waveguides can continue to extend outward through the E-plane and / or the H-plane to connect to the second-stage rectangular coupling waveguides. And so on, extending outward through the E-plane and / or the H-plane of each stage of rectangular coupling waveguides.
[0028] When the single-stage multi-channel waveguide power combiner operates in the power combining mode, the port on one side of the main path rectangular waveguide and all the ports of the rectangular coupling waveguides on the same side as it are input ports. The port on the other side of the main path rectangular waveguide is the output port. All the ports of the rectangular coupling waveguides on the same side as the output port are isolation ports, and the isolation ports are connected with matching loads. When the single-stage multi-channel waveguide power combiner operates in the power distribution mode, the port on one side of the main path rectangular waveguide is the input port. All the ports of the rectangular coupling waveguides on the same side as the input port are isolation ports. The port on the other side of the main path rectangular waveguide and the ports of the respective rectangular coupling waveguides on the same side as it are output ports, and the isolation ports are connected with matching loads.
[0029] In an embodiment of the present invention, the compact multi-way waveguide power combiner based on the E-plane two-dimensional extended structure proposed by the present invention is subjected to a first-level structure expansion to obtain a five-way waveguide power combiner as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), which is composed of a main rectangular waveguide 11 at the central position, a first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 12 and a first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 16 parallel to the E-plane of the main rectangular waveguide 11, a first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 13 and a first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 17 parallel to the H-plane of the main rectangular waveguide 11, a first-level E-plane branch line structure 14 for connecting the main rectangular waveguide 11 and the first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 12, and a first-level H-plane branch line structure 15 for connecting the main rectangular waveguide 11 and the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 13; according to the symmetry of the structure, it can be known that the main rectangular waveguide 11 and the first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 16 are coupled and connected through the first-level E-plane branch line structure, and the main rectangular waveguide 11 and the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 17 are coupled and connected through the first-level H-plane branch line structure, and the first-level E-plane branch line structure and the first-level H-plane branch line structure are not illustrated in FIG. 1(a). The first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 12, the first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 16 and the main rectangular waveguide 11 form an E-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure that is centrosymmetric about the center of the main rectangular waveguide 11, and the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 13, the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide 17 and the main rectangular waveguide 11 form an H-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure that is centrosymmetric about the center of the main rectangular waveguide 11. In this first-level expansion structure, the first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide and the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide are collectively referred to as the first-level coupling waveguide, and the first-level E-plane and H-plane branch line structures are collectively referred to as the first-level branch line structure. By further coupling and expanding outward from the E-plane and / or H-plane of the first-level coupling waveguide, a second-level expansion structure can be obtained.
[0030] By further coupling and expanding outward from the E-plane of the first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide and from the H-plane of the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide, each-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide and the main rectangular waveguide form an E-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure including (2N + 1) rectangular waveguides, and each-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide and the main rectangular waveguide form an H-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure including (2M + 1) rectangular waveguides, and a cross-shaped two-dimensional waveguide array as shown in Figure 2 can be formed, and a power combiner of 2M + 2N + 1 in one can be realized. Each-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide and the main rectangular waveguide are coupled and connected through the E-plane branch line structure, and each-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide and the branch rectangular waveguide are coupled and connected through the H-plane branch line structure. N is the number of E-plane rectangular coupling waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide, and M is the number of H-plane rectangular coupling waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide. In this example, we set that the E-plane branch line structure 14 is composed of 4 branch lines, and the H-plane branch line structure 15 is composed of 2 branch lines.
[0031] In an embodiment of the present invention, based on the primary expansion structure shown in Fig. 1(a), further outward coupling expansion is performed from the H-plane of the primary E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, or further outward coupling expansion is performed from the E-plane of the primary H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, to provide a 3×3 waveguide power combiner based on the two-dimensional expansion coupling structure of the rectangular waveguide E-H plane shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b). In Fig. 3(a), the four rectangular coupled waveguides at the corners are called secondary coupled waveguides. The secondary coupled waveguides are connected to the primary E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide in the primary coupled waveguide through an H-plane branch line structure, and are connected to the primary H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide in the primary coupled waveguide through an E-plane branch line structure. These branch lines are collectively called the secondary branch line structure. Considering the spatial arrangement of this structure, the lengths of the secondary branch line structures are all the same as those of the primary branch line structures; considering the complexity of the structure and the number of optimized parameters, in this example, the widths of the respective branch lines in the secondary branch line structure are still the same as those corresponding to the primary branch line structure. When the structure shown in Fig. 3(a) is used as a power combiner, the first to ninth ports 21 to 29 are all input ports, the other end of the rectangular waveguide where the first port 21 is located is the output port, and the other ends of the rectangular waveguides where the second to ninth ports 22 to 29 are located are all isolation ports; when the structure shown in Fig. 3(a) is used as a power divider, the first port 21 is the input port, the second to ninth ports 22 to 29 are all isolation ports, and the other ends of the rectangular waveguides where the first to ninth ports 21 to 29 are located are all output ports.
[0032] The E-plane branch line structure and the H-plane branch line structure of the nine-way waveguide power combiner shown in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) are shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b). The E-plane branch line structure is composed of four branch lines, and the length of the branch line is h 1 , and the widths are respectively w 1 , w 2 , w 2 , w 1 , and the spacing between adjacent branch lines is respectively d 1 , d 2 , d 2 , d 1 ; the H-plane branch line structure is composed of two branch lines, and the length of the branch line is h 2 , and the widths are respectively w 3 , w 3 , and the spacing between adjacent branch lines is respectively d3 。
[0033] In this embodiment, a waveguide power combiner with a working frequency band of 9 - 10 GHz and capable of achieving a power one - to - nine equal division in a single - stage circuit is designed based on the X - band waveguide BJ100. According to the size descriptions shown in Fig. 4(a) and Fig. 4(b), h 1 = 9.1 mm, h 2 = 1.8 mm, w 1 = 2.82 mm, w 2 = 4.31 mm, w 3 = 25.95 mm, d 1 = 7.61 mm, d 2 = 5.67 mm, d 3 = 15mm.
[0034] The simulation results of the S - parameters of the nine - way waveguide power combiner based on the rectangular waveguide E - H plane two - dimensional extended coupling structure are shown in Fig. 5(a) and Fig. 5(b). It can be seen from Fig. 5(a) that within the target working frequency band of 9 - 10 GHz, the return loss of the input port of the nine - way waveguide power combiner and the isolation between each output port are both greater than 20 dB, and this structure has good matching characteristics and directivity. It can be seen from Fig. 5(b) that within the target working frequency band, the S - parameter values of each output port are stable around - 9.54 dB, and the in - band fluctuation is less than 0.5 dB. According to P out = 10 (-9.54 / 10) = 1 / 9, it can be considered that each output port receives a power distribution of 1 / 9 of the input signal, that is, it can be considered that this structure has good equal - power distribution characteristics and in - band flatness when used as a power divider.
[0035] In an embodiment of the present invention, based on the secondary extended structure shown in Fig. 3(a), three - stage coupling expansion is carried out outward from the E - plane and H - plane of the secondary E - plane rectangular coupling waveguide, and coupling expansion is carried out on the E - plane or H - plane of the three - stage rectangular coupling waveguide, providing Figure 6 the 5*5 - way waveguide power combiner based on the rectangular waveguide E - H plane two - dimensional extended coupling structure shown.
[0036] In an embodiment of the present invention, based on Figure 7 the three - stage extended structure shown, four - stage coupling expansion is carried out outward from the E - plane of the three - stage E - plane rectangular coupling waveguide, providing Figure 6The 5*7 waveguide power combiner based on the two-dimensional extended coupling structure of the rectangular waveguide E-H plane as shown.
[0037] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and all fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on a two-dimensional extended structure of an EH surface, characterized in that: The multi-path waveguide power combiner is a single-stage multi-path power combiner composed of a main rectangular waveguide, at least one level of E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide symmetrical about the center of the main rectangular waveguide, and at least one level of H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide symmetrical about the center of the main rectangular waveguide. The main rectangular waveguide is connected to the first-level E-plane rectangular coupling waveguide through an E-plane branch line structure, the main waveguide is connected to the first-level H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide through an H-plane branch line structure, the i-th level E-plane / H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide is coupled and extended along the E-plane and / or H-plane to connect the i+1-th level E-plane and / or H-plane rectangular coupling waveguide, and i is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
2. According to claim 1, a compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the two-dimensional extended structure of the EH plane is characterized in that: The i-th level E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the E-plane to connect the i+1-th level E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, and / or the i-th level H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is coupled and extended along the H-plane to connect the i+1-th level H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, to form a 2N+2M+1 power synthesizer, the E-plane rectangular coupled waveguides of each level and the main rectangular waveguide are coupled and connected through the E-plane branch line structure to form an E-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure, the H-plane rectangular coupled waveguides of each level and the branch rectangular waveguides are coupled and connected through the H-plane branch line structure to form an H-plane waveguide parallel coupling structure, wherein N is the number of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide, and M is the number of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide.
3. According to claim 1, a compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the two-dimensional extended structure of the EH surface is characterized in that: The i-th level E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is extended along the H-plane coupling to connect the i+1-th level H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, and / or the i-th level H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is extended along the E-plane coupling to connect the i+1-th level E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide, forming a (2N+1)*(2M+1) power synthesizer, the i-th level E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is connected to the i+1-th level H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide through the H-plane branch line structure, and the i-th level H-plane rectangular coupled waveguide is connected to the i+1-th level E-plane rectangular coupled waveguide through the E-plane branch line structure, wherein N is the number of E-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide, and M is the number of H-plane rectangular coupled waveguides on one side of the central rectangular waveguide.
4. A compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an EH plane two-dimensional extension structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The E-plane branch line structure and the H-plane branch line structure each include at least one branch line. The number of branch lines, the width of each branch line, and the spacing between adjacent branch lines are designed according to the coupling bandwidth and the coupling degree.
5. A compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the two-dimensional extended structure of the EH plane according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the single-stage multi-path waveguide power combiner operates in a power combining mode, the port on one side of the main rectangular waveguide and all the rectangular coupled waveguide ports on the same side are input ports, the port on the other side of the main rectangular waveguide is an output port, and all the rectangular coupled waveguide ports on the same side as the output port are isolation ports, and the isolation ports are connected to matching loads.
6. A compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on an EH plane two-dimensional extension structure according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the single-stage multi-path waveguide power combiner operates in a power distribution mode, a port on one side of the main rectangular waveguide is an input port, all rectangular coupled waveguide ports on the same side as the input port are isolation ports, a port on the other side of the main rectangular waveguide and each rectangular coupled waveguide port on the same side are output ports, and the isolation port is connected to a matching load.
7. A compact multi-path waveguide power combiner based on the two-dimensional extended structure of the EH surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The output port is equipped with a phase compensation device.