Application of calcium superphosphate in improving yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng

Abstract

The invention discloses application of calcium superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) early-stage preparation work; (2) transplanting; (3) fertilizing; (4) planting management; the invention provides application of calcium superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng, the external morphological characteristics of the ginseng can be effectively improved, and the weight of a single plant and the content of active ingredients can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, and particularly relates to the application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng. Background Art

[0002] Ginseng is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. Its roots are used as medicine and it is known as the "king of herbs". It has a history of application of more than 4,000 years and is a traditional precious Chinese medicine in my country. It has pharmacological effects such as anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis and anti-tumor. With the wide application of ginseng in food, health products, cosmetics and other fields, its demand has increased year by year. At present, ginseng production is mainly based on farmland cultivation. The degree of intensive planting mode is low and the fertilizer application system is complex, resulting in low ginseng seedling rate and serious diseases in farmland. Scientific fertilization technology is particularly important for improving ginseng yield and quality. Scientific fertilization is guided by the fertilizer requirements of crops. On the premise of ensuring vigorous growth of crops, it maintains the health of the soil and achieves sustainable development. At present, the intensive fertilization system of ginseng has not yet been established. Both the shortage and surplus of fertilizers have an adverse effect on the growth of ginseng. The excessive application of fertilizers can also easily cause a series of problems such as the destruction of soil homeostasis. It is necessary to improve the effective utilization rate of fertilizers through standardized fertilization, promote ginseng growth and the accumulation of effective ingredients of medicinal materials, and protect the sustainable development of the soil ecological environment.

[0003] As one of the three major nutrients, phosphorus plays a key role in the growth, development and reproduction of ginseng. Both the lack and surplus of phosphorus can affect the photosynthesis of ginseng leaves, and then affect the effective accumulation of photosynthetic products. The utilization of phosphorus is also affected by climatic conditions and the physical and chemical properties of regional soils. For example, when the soil pH is too high or too low, the available phosphorus exists in the form of insoluble phosphates and cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by ginseng. There is a general lack of available phosphorus in the soil. The level of available phosphorus is related to the adsorption-desorption and precipitation-dissolution process of phosphorus in the soil. It is easy to be fixed to form stable phosphorus-related molecules that are not easily absorbed and utilized, which affects the absorption of available phosphorus by ginseng from the soil. In addition, phosphorus deficiency will also affect the processes of plant nitrogen fixation and carbon storage, and then affect the conversion of nitrogen and carbon elements between plants, soil organic matter, minerals and microorganisms, resulting in poor growth of ginseng and affecting yield. At present, my country's available phosphorus resources are tight, and 2 / 3 of farmland soils are seriously deficient in phosphorus. Phosphorus is a non-renewable resource, and attention should be paid to improving the utilization rate of phosphorus. The absorption and utilization rules of ginseng for phosphorus are still unclear. Too little external phosphorus fertilizer cannot meet the growth needs of ginseng, while too much will cause environmental pollution and waste. Therefore, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer needs to be clarified during ginseng cultivation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng, so as to meet the increasing market demand for ginseng.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Perlite is light in texture, has uniform particles, strong support, good root affinity and water retention, and is suitable for use as a soilless culture medium for ginseng. Choose a sunny time to clean and disinfect the perlite medium, and dry it in the sun until it is completely air-dried. At the same time, prepare a long plastic pot for cultivation (specifications: 0.995m×0.620m×0.190m); (2) Transplantation On June 3, 2022, three-year-old ginseng and four-year-old ginseng were transplanted. When transplanting, the soil at the roots of ginseng was removed, and a long pit similar to the size of the ginseng seedling was dug in the perlite substrate. The ginseng seedling was placed in it, with the reed head slightly higher than the ginseng root, the ginseng root and the substrate surface at an angle of 30°, and the reed head was 3-4 cm deep from the substrate surface. After transplanting, water was applied until the perlite was soaked but without water, and the humidity was measured to be about 40%. Eight ginseng seedlings of uniform growth were evenly distributed in each pot, with a spacing of 15 cm between plants and 10 cm between rows and plants. Each treatment was repeated for 3 pots, and the cultivation pots were randomly placed; (3) Fertilization For three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng, six P values ​​were set at 0mmol / L, 0.5mmol / L, 1.5mmol / L, 3mmol / L, 6mmol / L, and 8mmol / L. 2 O 5 Concentrations are represented by P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5. Incomplete fertilization is carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution is applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng; (4) Planting management After transplanting, the cultivation pots are placed in the greenhouse for shade, and weeding is carried out during the entire growth period after transplanting; watering is carried out appropriately according to the moisture content of the substrate, and flowers are thinned and fruits are picked during the green fruit period; (5) Harvesting Harvested during the ginseng harvest season; (6) Determination of ginsenoside content After harvesting, wash the fresh ginseng with sterile water and drain the surface water, place it in an oven at 65℃ to constant weight, pack the samples separately, mix the three ginseng roots in each treatment group into one sample, repeat three times for each group, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve after crushing. Take 1.5g of sample, add 30ml of methanol and ultrasonicate for 30min, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5ml, make up with methanol, pass the concentrate through a 0.45μm microporous filter membrane, and put it into a 1.5ml injection vial for HPLC analysis. Use a ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 chromatographic column with water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.0mL / min, a column temperature of 25℃, a detection wavelength of 203nm, an injection volume of 20μL, and perform gradient elution. The elution process is as follows: 0-35min, 19% B; 35min-55min, 19%-25% B; 55min-70min, 25% B; 70min-100min, 25%-40% B; 100min-105min, 40%-100% B; 105min-110min, 100% B; 110min-110.01min, 100%-19% B; 110.01min-120min, 19% B (A-water, B-acetonitrile).

[0006] Furthermore, in step (1), perlite is used as the planting medium, and the planting pot area is 0.62 m 2 ; Furthermore, the planting spacing is 15 cm, the planting row spacing is 10 cm, and the hole depth is: the reed head is 3-4 cm deep from the substrate surface;

[0007] Furthermore, the test materials were three-year-old ginseng and four-year-old ginseng;

[0008] Furthermore, P 2 O 5 The concentrations are 0mmol / L, 0.5mmol / L, 1.5mmol / L, 3mmol / L, 6mmol / L, and 8mmol / L;

[0009] Furthermore, the nutrient solution containing deficient Hoagland was used to maintain the normal growth of ginseng plants;

[0010] Furthermore, 50% of the designed total amount was applied during the ginseng flowering period and green fruit period respectively;

[0011] Further, 1.5 g of sample was taken, 30 ml of methanol was added, ultrasonicated for 30 min, and concentrated to 5 ml under reduced pressure. The insufficient volume was supplemented with methanol, and the concentrate was filtered through a 0.45 μm microporous filter membrane and poured into a 1.5 ml injection vial;

[0012] Furthermore, a ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 column was used with a mobile phase of water and acetonitrile, a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min, a column temperature of 25 °C, a detection wavelength of 203 nm, and an injection volume of 20 μL;

[0013] Further, the elution process is as follows: 0-35min, 19% B; 35min-55min, 19%-25% B; 55min-70min, 25% B; 70min-100min, 25%-40% B; 100min-105min, 40%-100% B; 105min-110min, 100% B; 110min-110.01min, 100%-19% B; 110.01min-120min, 19% B. (A-water, B-acetonitrile) The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By applying appropriate phosphorus concentration, the weight of individual ginseng plants and the content of effective active ingredients can be effectively increased; 2. Considering the demand of ginseng yield and active ingredients for phosphorus nutrition, under soilless conditions, the phosphorus content of three-year-old ginseng should be 2 O 5 The suitable application concentration is 1.5mmol / L and 3mmol / L for four-year-olds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a diagram of agronomic traits of three-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1, a represents the plant height of the three-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; b represents the stem diameter of the three-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; c represents the leaf area of ​​the three-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; d represents the fresh weight of the three-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; the horizontal axes P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 are Control Example 1 and Examples 1-5, respectively.

[0015] Figure 2It is a graph of agronomic traits of four-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1. a represents the plant height of four-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; b represents the stem diameter of four-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; c represents the leaf area of ​​four-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; d represents the fresh weight of four-year-old ginseng after being treated with the steps involved in the technical schemes of Examples 1-5 and the technical scheme of Control Example 1; the horizontal coordinates P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 are Control Example 1 and Examples 1-5, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0017] The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Perlite is light in texture, has uniform particles, strong support, good root affinity and water retention, and is suitable for use as a soilless culture medium for ginseng. Choose a sunny time to clean and disinfect the perlite medium, and dry it in the sun until it is completely air-dried. At the same time, prepare a long plastic pot for cultivation (specifications: 0.995m×0.620m×0.190m); (2) Transplantation On June 3, 2022, three-year-old ginseng and four-year-old ginseng were transplanted. When transplanting, the soil at the roots of ginseng was removed, and a long pit similar to the size of the ginseng seedling was dug in the perlite substrate. The ginseng seedling was placed in it, with the reed head slightly higher than the ginseng root, the ginseng root and the substrate surface at an angle of 30°, and the reed head was 3-4 cm deep from the substrate surface. After transplanting, water was applied until the perlite was soaked but without water, and the humidity was measured to be about 40%. Eight ginseng seedlings of uniform growth were evenly distributed in each pot, with a spacing of 15 cm between plants and 10 cm between rows and plants. Each treatment was repeated for 3 pots, and the cultivation pots were randomly placed; (3) Fertilization The three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng are both set at 0.5mmol / LP 2 O 5 Concentration, represented by P1. Incomplete fertilization was carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution was applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng; (4) Planting management After transplanting, the cultivation pots are placed in the greenhouse for shade, and weeding is carried out during the entire growing period after transplanting; watering is carried out appropriately according to the moisture content of the substrate, and thinning of flowers and picking of fruits are carried out during the fruiting period; (5) Harvesting Ginseng should be harvested when it is harvesting season. Choose a sunny day, pull up the stems and leaves with roots, and shake off the perlite attached to the fibrous roots. (6) Determination of ginsenoside content After harvesting, wash the fresh ginseng with sterile water and drain the surface water, place it in an oven at 65℃ to constant weight, pack the samples separately, mix the three ginseng roots in each treatment group into one sample, repeat three times for each group, and pass through an 80-mesh sieve after crushing. Take 1.5g of sample, add 30ml of methanol and ultrasonicate for 30min, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5ml, make up with methanol, pass the concentrate through a 0.45μm microporous filter membrane, and put it into a 1.5ml injection vial for HPLC analysis. Use a ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 chromatographic column with water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.0mL / min, a column temperature of 25℃, a detection wavelength of 203nm, an injection volume of 20μL, and perform gradient elution. The elution process is as follows: 0-35min, 19% B; 35min-55min, 19%-25% B; 55min-70min, 25% B; 70min-100min, 25%-40% B; 100min-105min, 40%-100% B; 105min-110min, 100% B; 110min-110.01min, 100%-19% B; 110.01min-120min, 19% B (A-water, B-acetonitrile). Example 2

[0018] The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Same as Example 1;

[0019] (2) Transplantation Same as Example 1;

[0020] (3) Fertilization The three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng are both set at 1.5mmol / LP 2 O 5 Concentration, represented by P2. Incomplete fertilization was carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution was applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng; (4) Planting management Same as Example 1;

[0021] (5) Harvesting Same as Example 1;

[0022] (6) Determination of ginsenoside content Same as Example 1. Example 3

[0023] The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Same as Example 1;

[0024] (2) Transplantation Same as Example 1;

[0025] (3) Fertilization The three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng are both set at 3mmol / LP 2 O 5 Concentration, represented by P3. Incomplete fertilization was carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution was applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng; (4) Planting management Same as Example 1;

[0026] (5) Harvesting Same as Example 1;

[0027] (6) Determination of ginsenoside content Same as Example 1. Example 4

[0028] The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Same as Example 1;

[0029] (2) Transplantation Same as Example 1;

[0030] (3) Fertilization The three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng are both set at 6mmol / LP 2 O 5 Concentration, represented by P4. Incomplete fertilization was carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution was applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng;

[0031] (4) Planting management Same as Example 1;

[0032] (5) Harvesting Same as Example 1;

[0033] (6) Determination of ginsenoside content Same as Example 1. Example 5

[0034] The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Same as Example 1;

[0035] (2) Transplantation Same as Example 1;

[0036] (3) Fertilization The P concentration of 3-year-old and 4-year-old ginseng is set at 8mmol / L. 2 O 5 Concentration, expressed as P5. Incomplete fertilization was carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution was applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng;

[0037] (4) Planting management Same as Example 1;

[0038] Harvest Same as Example 1; (6) Determination of ginsenoside content Same as Example 1;

[0040] Comparative Example 1 The application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng includes the following steps: (1) Preliminary preparations Same as Example 1;

[0041] (2) Transplantation Same as Example 1; (3) Fertilization For three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng, the P value is set to 0mmol / L. 2 O 5 Concentration, represented by P0. Incomplete fertilization was carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution was applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng;

[0042] (4) Planting management Same as Example 1; (5) Harvesting Same as Example 1; (6) Determination of ginsenoside content Same as Example 1.

[0043] Experimental Example 1 Take 10 three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng plants, and measure the external morphological characteristics of the ginseng plants according to the steps involved in the technical solutions of Examples 1-5 and the technical solution of Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Figure 1-2 .

[0044] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the whole plant weight of three-year-old ginseng first increases and then tends to be stable with the increase of phosphorus concentration. The whole plant weight under Example 2 is the highest, reaching 23.67g, which is significantly higher than that of Control Example 1, Example 1 and Example 5. The order of whole plant weight under each treatment from high to low is Example 2> Example 3> Example 5> Example 4> Example 1> Control Example 1. The plant height, stem diameter and leaf area of ​​three-year-old ginseng first increase and then decrease with the increase of phosphorus concentration, and are higher than other treatment groups within the range of Example 2-Example 3. Root weight determines ginseng yield. The fresh weight of the root of three-year-old ginseng reaches the maximum in Example 2, which is significantly higher than that of other examples and control examples ( P＜0.05 ), the maximum root fresh weight increased by 16% compared with the control.

[0045] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the plant height and stem diameter are higher and thicker than those at 20 days. With the increase of phosphorus concentration, the three show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The plant height in Examples 2-3 is significantly higher than that in other Examples and the control example, which are 34.40cm and 34.50cm respectively; the stem diameter in Example 2 is significantly higher than that in the control example, which is 6.17mm; the leaf area in Example 3 is significantly higher than that in the control example 1 and Example 1, which is 61.50cm 2 （P＜0.05） According to the comprehensive analysis of the effects of different levels of phosphorus application on plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, the treatments in Example 2-3 had a significant positive promoting effect on the growth status and agronomic traits of ginseng.

[0046] Nine three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng plants were taken and the ginsenoside Rg 1 、Re、Rb 1 The measurements were carried out and the results are shown in Table 1-2.

[0047] Table 1 Effects of phosphorus application on saponin content in three-year-old ginseng (n=9)

[0048] Group <![CDATA[Ginsenoside Rg 1 (mg / g)]]> Ginsenoside Re (mg / g) <![CDATA[Ginsenoside Rb 1 (mg / g)]]> Ginsenosides (mg / g) Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[3.03±0.12 c ]]> 2.97±0.77 2.55±0.15 <![CDATA[8.56±0.89 ab ]]> Example 1 <![CDATA[3.61±0.05 b ]]> 3.55±0.57 2.73±0.05 <![CDATA[9.89±0.55 ab ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[4.22±0.21 a ]]> 3.15±0.05 3.24±0.66 <![CDATA[10.60±0.57 a ]]> Example 3 <![CDATA[3.65±0.19 b ]]> 2.95±1.03 3.52±0.80 <![CDATA[10.12±2.00 ab <!-- 6 -->]]> Example 4 <![CDATA[2.91±0.15 c ]]> 2.56±0.35 3.08±0.22 <![CDATA[8.54±0.69 ab ]]> Example 5 <![CDATA[2.83±0.08 c ]]> 1.71±0.04 2.17±0.03 <![CDATA[6.71±0.12 b ]]> From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that after the three-year-old ginsenoside Rg 1 and total ginsenosides were significantly improved, ginsenoside Rg 1 The content of ginsenoside Rg 1The contents of Rg in Examples 4-5 were increased to varying degrees, increasing by 19%, 39%, and 20% respectively compared with those in Control Example 1. 1 The contents of Rg in the main root of ginseng decreased by 3.96% and 6.60% respectively compared with those in the control example 1. 1 Accumulation has a strong effect.

[0049] Table 2 Effects of phosphorus application on saponin content in four-year-old ginseng (n=9)

[0050] Group <![CDATA[Ginsenoside Rg 1 (mg / g)]]> Ginsenoside Re (mg / g) <![CDATA[Ginsenoside Rb 1 (mg / g)]]> Ginsenosides (mg / g) Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[1.34±0.34 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.32±0.34 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.41±0.07 b ]]> <![CDATA[4.07±0.59 c ]]> Example 1 <![CDATA[1.35±0.21 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.20±0.26 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.31±0.29 b ]]> <![CDATA[3.86±0.72 c ]]> Example 2 <![CDATA[2.58±0.17 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.61±0.38 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.32±0.37 b ]]> <![CDATA[7.52±0.27 ab ]]> Example 3 <![CDATA[2.48±0.34 a ]]> <![CDATA[2.85±0.27 a ]]> <![CDATA[4.10±0.63 a ]]> <![CDATA[9.44±1.12 a ]]> Example 4 <![CDATA[1.55±0.06 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.58±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[2.25±0.28 b ]]> <![CDATA[5.38±0.34 bc ]]> Example 5 <![CDATA[1.40±0.05 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.94±0.22 ab ]]> <![CDATA[2.57±0.67 b ]]> <![CDATA[5.92±0.85 bc ]]> From the data in Table 2, it can be seen that after the four-year-old ginsenoside Rg 1 、Re、Rb 1 The content of ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1 and the sum of the monomers reached the highest value under the treatment of Example 3. 1 、Re、Rb 1 Compared with the control example 1, the highest values ​​increased by 93%, 116%, and 191% respectively, and the sum of the monomers increased by 132%. 1 、Re、Rb 1 The sum of the monomers still increased compared with the control example 1, but there was no significant difference with the control example 1 （P ＜0.05） .

[0051] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of superphosphate in improving the yield and quality of three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng. It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: (1) Preliminary preparations Perlite is light in texture, has uniform particles, strong support, good root affinity and water retention, and is suitable for use as a soilless culture medium for ginseng. Choose a sunny time to clean and disinfect the perlite medium, and dry it in the sun until it is completely air-dried. At the same time, prepare a long plastic pot for cultivation (specifications: 0.995m×0.620m×0.190m); (2) Transplantation Transplant three-year-old ginseng and four-year-old ginseng. Remove the soil from the roots of ginseng during transplanting. Dig a long pit similar to the size of the ginseng seedling in the perlite substrate, put the ginseng seedling in, with the reed head slightly higher than the ginseng root, the ginseng root and the substrate surface at an angle of 30°, and the reed head 3-4cm away from the substrate surface. After transplanting, water until the perlite is soaked but does not retain water. The humidity is measured to be about 40%. Evenly distribute 8 ginseng seedlings of uniform growth in each pot, with a spacing of 15cm between plants and 10cm between rows and plants. Repeat 3 pots for each treatment, and place the cultivation pots randomly. (3) Fertilization The three-year-old and four-year-old ginseng are set with six P values ​​of 0mmol / L, 0.5mmol / L, 1.5mmol / L, 3mmol / L, 6mmol / L, and 8mmol / L. 2 O 5 Concentrations are represented by P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5. Incomplete fertilization is carried out during the flowering period and green fruit period of ginseng, each accounting for 50% of the total fertilization. At the same time, phosphorus-deficient Hogland nutrient solution is applied to maintain the normal growth of ginseng; (4) Planting management After transplanting, the cultivation pots are placed in the greenhouse for shade, and weeding is carried out during the entire growth period after transplanting; watering is carried out appropriately according to the moisture content of the substrate, and flowers are thinned and fruits are picked during the green fruit period; (5) Harvesting Harvest during the ginseng harvest season; (6) Determination of ginsenoside content After harvesting, wash the fresh ginseng with sterile water and drain the surface water, place it in an oven at 65℃ to constant weight, pack the samples separately, mix the three ginseng roots in each treatment group into one sample, repeat three times for each group, crush and pass through an 80-mesh sieve. Take 1.5g of sample, add 30ml of methanol and ultrasonicate for 30min, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5ml, make up with methanol, pass the concentrate through a 0.45μm microporous filter membrane, and put it into a 1.5ml injection vial for HPLC analysis. Use ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 chromatographic column, the mobile phase is water and acetonitrile, the flow rate is 1.0mL / min, the column temperature is 25℃, the detection wavelength is 203nm, the injection volume is 20μL, and gradient elution is performed. The elution process is as follows: 0-35min, 19%B; 35min-55min, 19%-25%B; 55min-70min, 25%B; 70min-100min, 25%-40%B; 100min-105min, 40%-100%B; 105min-110min, 100%B; 110min-110.01min, 100%-19%B; 110.01min-120min, 19%B, (A-water, B-acetonitrile).

2. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step (1), perlite is used as the planting medium, and the planting pot area is 0.62m 2 .

3. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The planting spacing is 15cm, the planting row spacing is 10cm, and the hole depth is 3-4cm between the reed head and the substrate surface.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The test materials are three-year-old ginseng and four-year-old ginseng.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that P 2 O 5 The concentrations are 0mmol / L, 0.5mmol / L, 1.5mmol / L, 3mmol / L, 6mmol / L, and 8mmol / L respectively.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Use nutrient-deficient Hoagland nutrient solution to maintain normal growth of ginseng plants.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Apply 50% of the designed total phosphorus fertilizer during the ginseng flowering period and green fruit period respectively.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Take 1.5g sample, add 30ml methanol, sonicate for 30min, concentrate under reduced pressure to 5ml, make up with methanol, filter the concentrate through a 0.45μm microporous filter membrane, and transfer to a 1.5ml injection vial.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A ZORBAX SB-Aq C18 column was used with water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min, a column temperature of 25 °C, a detection wavelength of 203 nm, and an injection volume of 20 μL.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The elution process is as follows: 0-35min, 19% B; 35min-55min, 19%-25% B; 55min-70min, 25% B; 70min-100min, 25%-40% B; 100min-105min, 40%-100% B; 105min-110min, 100% B; 110min-110.01min, 100%-19% B; 110.01min-120min, 19% B. (A-water, B-acetonitrile).

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