Fertilizing method for synergistically improving quality and soil fertility of small-grain coffee

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for synergistically improving quality and soil fertility of small-grain coffee, and belongs to the technical field of coffee planting. According to the small-grain coffee fertilizing method provided by the invention, the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer is reasonably determined according to the condition of perennial (20 years) tree bodies, and meanwhile, the problem of unreasonable fertilizer application is solved. The fertilization method provided by the invention can significantly improve the soil nutrient content in the growth environment of the small-grain coffee and improve the crude protein content in the coffee. The small-grain coffee fertilizing method provided by the invention is simple in scheme, high in operability and convenient to popularize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fertilization method for synergistically improving the quality of small-grain coffee and soil fertility, and belongs to the technical field of coffee planting. Background Art

[0002] Coffee is a perennial evergreen shrub of the Rubiaceae family. There are many species of coffee, and the most widely known ones are small-grain, medium-grain, and large-grain. Among them, small-grain coffee is the most widely planted, accounting for about 80% of the total coffee production.

[0004] During the coffee planting process, it will be troubled by many diseases and pests, the most serious of which is leaf rust. When the coffee tree is infected with this disease, the leaves will produce a fine brown powder that can be wiped off like rust. It will cause the leaves of the coffee tree to fade from bright green to brown-yellow. Finally, all the leaves of the coffee tree will fall off and no coffee beans will grow. If left untreated, this disease will have serious consequences. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the coffee planting process, the present invention provides a fertilization method for synergistically improving the quality of small-grain coffee and soil fertility, which specifically comprises the following steps: in March to April, biological organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are mixed and applied to the soil as base fertilizer at one time, and Bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid is added to the biological organic fertilizer; in August to September, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are mixed and applied to the soil as topdressing at one time.

[0006] Preferably, the amount of bio-organic fertilizer applied as base fertilizer is 1714-1731 kg / hm2. 2 The dosage of urea is 186~188kg / hm 2 The dosage of superphosphate is 160~162kg / hm 2 The dosage of potassium sulfate is 117~119kg / hm 2 ; The amount of urea used for topdressing is 391~395kg / hm 2 The dosage of superphosphate is 562~568kg / hm 2 The dosage of potassium sulfate is 352~356kg / hm 2 .

[0007] Preferably, in step (1), the amount of Bacillus pumilus liquid added to the microbial organic fertilizer is 10-15% of the weight of the microbial organic fertilizer, and the OD of the Bacillus pumilus liquid is 600 It is 0.6~0.8.

[0008] Preferably, the biological organic fertilizer contains Bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 80 million / gram.

[0009] The Bacillus pumilus used in the present invention can be purchased from the China Microbial Strain Query Network.

[0010] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0011] (1) The present invention first discovered that Bacillus pumilus and biological organic fertilizer can be used to control coffee leaf rust, providing a new method for biological control of coffee leaf rust.

[0012] (2) The present invention uses Bacillus pumilus to prevent and treat coffee leaf rust without causing secondary pollution to the environment.

[0013] (3) The fertilization method of the present invention can effectively increase the content of available potassium and available phosphorus in the soil, while increasing the activity of soil enzymes and the crude protein content of coffee. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is the effect of different treatment groups on available phosphorus in the soil.

[0015] Figure 2 This is the effect of different treatment groups on available potassium in the soil. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific implementation methods. However, the following embodiments are only simple examples of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the claims.

[0017] The Bacillus pumilus used in the present invention was purchased from the China Microbial Strain Query Network (website: https: / / www.biobw.org / , strain number: bio-52725)

[0018] The culture medium formula used in the present invention is as follows:

[0019] (1) Nutrient agar medium (solid): peptone: 10.0 g, beef extract powder: 3.0 g, sodium chloride: 5.0 g, agar: 15.0 g, add water to make up to 1 L, pH = 7.2-7.5.

[0020] (2) Nutrient medium (liquid): peptone: 10.0 g, beef extract powder: 3.0 g, sodium chloride: 5.0 g, add water to make up to 1 L, pH = 7.2-7.5.

[0021] The culture medium used must be sterilized at 121°C for 20 minutes before use.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] Preparation of Bacillus pumilus culture solution

[0024] (1) Bacillus pumilus strains stored at -80°C were spread on nutrient agar medium and cultured in an incubator at 35°C for 16 hours. Single colonies grew in the culture dish.

[0025] (2) Pick a single colony and place it in 30 mL of nutrient medium. Cultivate it in a shaker at 35°C and 120 rpm until the logarithmic phase of Bacillus pumilus growth (OD 600 =0.8) to obtain bacterial solution.

[0026] (3) The bacterial solution obtained in step (2) was inoculated into 1 L of nutrient medium and cultured in a shaker at 35°C and 120 rpm until the logarithmic phase of growth of Bacillus pumilus (OD 600 =0.8), and the obtained bacterial liquid can be used for subsequent coffee planting.

[0027] In order to meet subsequent needs, 10 L of Bacillus pumilus bacterial solution was prepared.

[0028] Example 2

[0029] Field trial of a fertilization method for small-grain coffee

[0030] The experiment was conducted in April 2023 at the Pu'er Coffee Experimental Demonstration Field, 100°99′ east longitude, 22°62′ north latitude, 1066m above sea level, with an average annual temperature of 19.5°C and an average annual precipitation of 1053.7mm. The basic chemical properties of the surface soil are shown in Table 1. The experimental coffee variety is small-grain coffee Catim; the bio-organic fertilizer (containing Bacillus subtilis, with an effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis ≥ 80 million / g) and organic fertilizer were provided by Yunnan Shunfeng Erhai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., in which Bacillus pumilus liquid was added to the bio-organic fertilizer, and the amount of Bacillus pumilus liquid added was 15% of the weight of the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0031] Table 1 Basic chemical properties of the tested soil

[0032]

[0033] The field experiment was divided into 7 treatments, 3 replications, and 21 plots in total. Each plot contained 20 coffee trees. The treatments of the 7 groups are shown in Table 2. Bacillus pumilus was added to the bio-organic fertilizer. In order to make the coffee trees susceptible to disease, the soil and leaves of the coffee plantations were sprayed with a solution of 0.5 L / plant of the leaf rust pathogen Bacillus pumilus.

[0034] Table 2 Fertilizer application rates for different treatments

[0035]

[0036] Analysis of nutrient changes in soil after fertilization:

[0037] Since the coffee roots are mainly distributed in the soil layer below 20cm, the nutrient changes in the 20-40cm soil layer are mainly analyzed.

[0038] in accordance with Figure 1 It can be seen that the application of bio-organic fertilizer can increase the available phosphorus content in the soil, but the amount of bio-organic fertilizer used is not the more the better. According to the data in July, the T3 group increased by 27.28% compared with the CK group; according to the data in September, the T3 group increased by 49.56% compared with the CK group. According to the data in December, the available phosphorus content in the CK treatment was the lowest, with an available phosphorus content of 13.96 mg / kg.

[0039] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the data in July showed that the available potassium content in the soil of the T3 group increased by 18.63% and 13.69% compared with CK. The highest available potassium content in September was in the T3 treatment, which increased by 21.04% compared with CK.

[0040] Table 3 Effects of different treatment groups on soil acid phosphatase activity

[0041]

[0042] As shown in Table 3, the data in July showed that the T3 group had the highest increase in acid phosphatase activity compared with CK, which was 25.26%. The data in September showed that the T3 group had the highest increase in acid phosphatase activity compared with CK, which was 37.94%. The data in December showed that the T3 treatment had the highest increase in acid phosphatase activity compared with CK, which was 30.71%.

[0043] Table 4 Effects of different treatment groups on soil catalase content

[0044]

[0045] As shown in Table 4, in July, the T3 group showed a significant improvement compared with the CK group. In September, the T3 treatment increased the catalase activity the most, by 34.16%, compared with the CK treatment. In December, the T3 treatment had the highest enzyme activity, which increased by 32.07% compared with the CK treatment.

[0046] Table 5 Effects of different treatment groups on crude protein content in coffee beans

[0047]

[0048] As shown in Table 5, the crude protein content in coffee beans increased with the increase of the ratio of two organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers. Compared with CK, the most significant effect was in the T3 treatment, which increased by 17.81%, while the T2 treatment had the smallest increase, which increased by 4.58%.

[0049] Finally, the prevalence of leaf rust in different treatment groups was counted. The calculation of prevalence is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] The prevalence is shown in Table 6.

[0052] Table 6 Statistics of coffee disease in different treatment groups

[0053] deal with July September December CK 5％ 35％ 90％ T1 0％ 5％ 10％ T2 3％ 30％ 87％ T3 0％ 2％ 8％ T4 3％ 25％ 80％ T5 0％ 2％ 5％ T6 5％ 20％ 85％

[0054] From the data in Table 6, it can be seen that the incidence of leaf rust in the group where bio-organic fertilizer was applied was lower than that in the group where bio-organic fertilizer was not applied.

[0055] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other persons of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for synergistically improving the quality of small-grain coffee and soil fertility, characterized in that: The method specifically comprises the following steps: in March to April, bio-organic fertilizer, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are mixed and applied to the soil as base fertilizer at one time, wherein Bacillus pumilus liquid is added to the bio-organic fertilizer; in August to September, urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate are mixed and applied to the soil as topdressing fertilizer at one time.

2. The fertilization method for synergistically improving the quality of small-grain coffee and soil fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of bio-organic fertilizer used when applying as base fertilizer is 1714-1731 kg / hm 2 The dosage of urea is 186~188kg / hm 2 The dosage of superphosphate is 160~162kg / hm 2 The dosage of potassium sulfate is 117~119kg / hm 2 ; The amount of urea used for topdressing is 391~395kg / hm 2 The dosage of superphosphate is 562~568kg / hm 2 The dosage of potassium sulfate is 352~356kg / hm 2 .

3. The fertilization method for synergistically improving the quality of small-grain coffee and soil fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of Bacillus pumilus liquid added to the bio-organic fertilizer is 10% to 15% of the weight of the bio-organic fertilizer. The OD of the Bacillus pumilus liquid is 600 It is 0.6~0.

8.

4. The fertilization method for synergistically improving the quality of Arabica coffee and soil fertility according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological organic fertilizer contains Bacillus subtilis, and the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis is ≥ 80 million / gram.

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