Method for improving yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by externally spraying nano potassium molybdate

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by externally spraying nano potassium molybdate. 1500-fold (0.313 [mu] mol / L) nano potassium molybdate is externally sprayed on flowering tomato and pepper leaves until water drips, and the nano potassium molybdate is sprayed again after 15 days. The result shows that the growth and development, the photosynthetic pigment content and the like of the tomatoes and the peppers are promoted through exogenous spraying of the nano potassium molybdate, and then the single-plant yield and the fruit quality of the tomatoes and the peppers are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for improving the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by exogenously spraying nano potassium molybdate. Background Art

[0002] Tomatoes and peppers are rich in nutrients and have unique flavors. They are the vegetables that rank among the top in terms of the area of ​​facility cultivation in my country. However, local vegetables cannot fully meet the needs of local people at present. The main reason is that continuous cropping of the land and various diseases and insect pests make it impossible to achieve the cultivation goal of "high yield and high quality".

[0003] It is reported that the average content of molybdenum in soils around the world is 2.3 mg / kg, while the average content of total molybdenum in soils in my country is 1.7 mg / kg, slightly lower than the global average. In particular, the effective molybdenum content in northern regions such as the North China Plain, Northeast China Plain, and the Loess Plateau is lower than the critical value of molybdenum deficiency (0.15 mg / kg), which leads to molybdenum deficiency in crops. Molybdenum is one of the essential nutrients for plants and a component of nitrate reductase. It helps plants metabolize nitrogen, promotes the absorption and transportation of phosphorus, and plays an important role in the transportation of hydrocarbons, which can improve the quality of vegetables.

[0004] Nano potassium molybdate is the only industrially mass-produced nano molybdenum material in the world with an average diameter of less than 30 nanometers. It has the advantages of high solubility and easy absorption by plant stomata. It directly acts on chlorophyll b through the stomata of plant leaves, increases the chlorophyll content, and greatly improves the photosynthesis efficiency and the absorption of nutrients such as potassium. In addition, it can regulate the secretion of endogenous hormones in plants, stimulate the growth of plant rhizobia, enhance nitrogen fixation, and thus improve the absorption efficiency of fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. Under the influence of low temperature stress, spraying molybdenum fertilizer can significantly improve the secretion of endogenous hormones related to cold and drought resistance of plants. Trace elements are nutrients for all plant cells, enhance the activity of various enzymes and the metabolic function of plant physiological systems, and enhance the function of the root system. In addition, it can also effectively reduce the infection of crops by microorganisms, fungi, bacteria and viruses. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by exogenous spraying.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention discloses a method for exogenously spraying nano potassium molybdate to improve the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers. A solution containing the nano potassium molybdate is exogenously sprayed onto the surface and back of tomato and pepper leaves until dripping occurs. The spraying time is the flowering period of tomatoes and peppers.

[0007] The concentration of nano-potassium molybdate in the nano-potassium molybdate-containing solution is 0.313 μmol / L.

[0008] The solution containing nano potassium molybdate is sprayed twice, and the interval between the two sprayings is 15 days.

[0009] The tomato varieties are 'Provence' and 'Jinpeng 148'; the pepper varieties are 'Donglang' and 'Bolong'.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention sprays the nano potassium molybdate solution twice in the field during the flowering period of tomatoes and peppers. By spraying nano potassium molybdate exogenously, the growth and development of tomatoes and peppers, the photosynthetic rate, etc. are promoted, thereby improving the fruit quality and yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano potassium molybdate on plant height and stem thickness of tomatoes and peppers provided in this embodiment;

[0012] Figure 2 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the photosynthetic parameters of tomatoes and peppers provided in this embodiment;

[0013] Figure 3 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the pigment content of tomatoes and peppers provided in this embodiment;

[0014] Figure 4 This is the effect of nano-potassium molybdate provided in this embodiment on the fluorescence parameters of tomato and pepper seedlings; Figure 5 The effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on FV / FM and Y(Ⅱ) of tomato and pepper leaves provided in this embodiment;

[0015] Figure 6 This example provides the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the activities of enzymes related to carbon metabolism in tomatoes and peppers;

[0016] Figure 7 This example provides the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in tomatoes and peppers;

[0017] Figure 8 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the sugar and acid content of tomato fruit provided by this embodiment;

[0018] Fig. 9 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on vitamin C and lycopene in tomatoes provided by this embodiment;

[0019] Fig.10 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the average yield of tomatoes per plant provided by this embodiment;

[0020] Fig.11This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on the average yield of pepper per plant provided in this embodiment;

[0021] Fig.12 This is the effect of foliar spraying of nano potassium molybdate on the content of chili sugar provided by this embodiment;

[0022] Fig.13 This embodiment provides the effect of foliar spraying of nano-potassium molybdate on vitamin C, soluble protein, and free amino acids in pepper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a method for improving the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by spraying nano-potassium molybdate exogenously, comprising the following steps:

[0026] 1. Treatment of tomato and pepper with exogenous nano-potassium molybdate spraying in the field

[0027] The tomato variety used is Jinpeng 148; the pepper variety is Bolong, which is planted in the Tangjia Village planting base of Wuquan Town, Yangling District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province (108°4′27″ east longitude, 34°16′56″ north latitude, 563m above sea level). Plants with consistent growth and no obvious diseases and insect pests were selected as experimental subjects. The control group CK was sprayed with clean water, and the treatment group Tr was sprayed with 0.313μmol / L nano potassium molybdate. The solution containing the nano potassium molybdate was sprayed exogenously on the surface and back of the tomato and pepper leaves until dripping, and the spraying time was the flowering period of the tomato and pepper. The weather was clear on the day of foliar spraying. The solution containing nano potassium molybdate was sprayed twice, and the interval between the two sprayings was 15 days.

[0028] 2. Determination of growth indicators of tomatoes and peppers

[0029] Plant height was measured with a tape measure, and stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper. Plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes were measured every 7 days from April 2, 2024 to May 28, and plant height and stem diameter of peppers were measured every 7 days from April 17, 2024 to June 5.

[0030] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes and peppers

[0031] Depend on Figure 1It can be seen that the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes (Tr) sprayed with exogenous nano-potassium molybdate were significantly higher than those of tomato plants sprayed with water (CK); the plant height and stem diameter of peppers (Tr) sprayed with exogenous nano-potassium molybdate were significantly higher than those of pepper plants sprayed with water (CK). Spraying nano-potassium molybdate during the flowering period promoted the plant height and stem diameter of tomatoes and peppers.

[0032] 3. Determination of photosynthetic indexes of tomatoes and peppers

[0033] The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were measured using the LI-6800 portable photosynthetic meter. The red and blue light sources were used in the leaf chamber and the light intensity was set to 1200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , CO 2 The concentration was set at 400 μmol·mol -1 , net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO 2 The concentration (Ci) was measured at the peak fruiting stage, and each treatment was repeated 5 times.

[0034] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on photosynthetic parameters of tomato and pepper seedlings

[0035] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO 2 The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) and intercellular CO2 of pepper (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate were significantly increased by 27.66%, 45.57%, 230.52% and 9.72% respectively. 2 The concentration (Ci) increased by 22.31%, 79.76%, 51.44% and 1.13% respectively compared with the pepper plants sprayed with water (CK).

[0036] Example 2

[0037] Determination of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence and enzyme activity related indicators

[0038] The experiment was conducted in the South Greenhouse of the South Campus of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University. The tomato material was Provence and the pepper material was Donglang. Two treatments were set up in the experiment. The control group CK was sprayed with water, and the treatment group Tr was sprayed with 0.313μmol / L nano potassium molybdate. Each treatment was set up with 5 replicates. The exogenous spraying treatment was carried out on the four leaves and one heart of the seedlings. Samples were taken 24 hours after the treatment to measure the photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence and enzyme activity related indicators.

[0039] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on photosynthetic pigments in tomato and pepper seedlings

[0040] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the chlorophyll b content and total chlorophyll content of tomatoes (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate increased significantly by 13.01% and 3.52% respectively compared with tomato plants sprayed with water (CK). The chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content of peppers (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate increased by 5.61%, 2.91%, 4.59% and 21.01% respectively compared with pepper plants sprayed with water (CK).

[0041] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on fluorescence of tomato and pepper seedlings

[0042] Depend on Figure 4 and Figure 5 It can be seen that the FV / FM and Y(Ⅱ) of tomatoes (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate increased by 3.02% and 1.66% respectively, and Y(NPQ) decreased by 11.29% compared with those of tomato plants sprayed with water (CK); the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm) and Y(Ⅱ) of peppers (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate increased by 3.02% and 1.66% respectively, and Y(NPQ) decreased by 11.29% compared with those of pepper plants sprayed with water (CK). Spraying nano-potassium molybdate can increase the maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv / Fm) and actual photosynthetic rate Y(Ⅱ) of tomatoes and peppers, and reduce the quantum yield of the regulated energy dissipation of photosystem Ⅱ.

[0043] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on enzyme activities in tomato and pepper seedlings

[0044] Depend on Figure 6 , Figure 7 It can be seen that the contents of nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in tomatoes (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate increased by 3.23% and 8.70% respectively compared with those in tomato plants (CK) sprayed with water, and the contents of nitrite reductase (NiR) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in peppers (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate increased by 26.57% and 34.35% respectively compared with those in pepper plants (CK) sprayed with water.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] Determination of tomato fruit yield and quality

[0047] The experiment was conducted on the 2023-2024 winter tomatoes at the Jingyang Vegetable Experimental Demonstration Station in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. The experimental tomato variety is Provence, and the field management is the same as that of general high-yield fields. Plants with consistent growth and no obvious diseases and pests were selected as experimental subjects. The experiment was divided into two treatments, spraying with clear water as the control group CK, and spraying with 0.313μmol / L nano-potassium molybdate as the treatment group Tr. The solution containing the nano-potassium molybdate was sprayed exogenously on the surface and back of the tomato leaves until dripping, and the spraying time was the flowering period of the tomato. The weather was clear on the day of foliar spraying. The solution containing nano-potassium molybdate was sprayed twice, and the interval between the two sprayings was 15 days. Sampling was taken to determine the quality and yield of tomato fruit.

[0048] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on sugar, acid and vitamin C content in tomatoes

[0049] The sugar and acid in tomato fruit are important factors affecting the flavor quality of the fruit. Soluble solids content, soluble sugar content, organic acid content, sugar-acid ratio, etc. are generally used as indicators to measure the quality of tomato fruit. Figure 8 It can be seen that the soluble total sugar, soluble solids and organic acid contents of tomatoes (Tr) sprayed with nano-potassium molybdate were reduced by 18.52%, 6.67% and 25.88% respectively compared with those of tomato plants sprayed with water (CK), and the sugar-acid ratio increased by 9.00%. Spraying nano-potassium molybdate can reduce the soluble total sugar, soluble solids and organic acid contents in tomato fruits and increase the sugar-acid ratio. Fig. 9 It can be seen that the vitamin C content in tomato fruits (Tr) sprayed with exogenous nano-potassium molybdate increased by 7.82% compared with tomato plants (CK) sprayed with clean water.

[0050] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on tomato fruit yield

[0051] Depend on Fig.10 It can be seen that the average single-plant fruit yield of tomatoes (Tr) sprayed with exogenous nano-potassium molybdate increased by 9.77% compared with tomato plants sprayed with clear water (CK).

[0052] Example 4

[0053] The experiment was conducted on the 2023-2024 winter pepper crop in Wuquan Town, Yangling District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province.

[0054] The experimental pepper variety is screw pepper-"Donglang" variety, and the field management is the same as general high-yield fields. The experiment is divided into two treatments, spraying water as the control group CK, and spraying 0.313μmol / L nano potassium molybdate as the treatment group Tr. The spraying time is: the first spraying when the pepper buds are about to open (September 26, 2023), the second spraying after 15 days (October 10, 2023), and sampling to determine the yield and quality of pepper fruits (the two sampling times are November 16, 2023 and December 16, 2023).

[0055] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on pepper fruit yield

[0056] Depend on Fig.11 It can be seen that the average single-plant fruit yield of pepper plants (Tr) sprayed with exogenous nano-potassium molybdate increased by 8.82% compared with the pepper plants sprayed with clear water (CK).

[0057] Effects of exogenous nano-potassium molybdate on pepper fruit quality

[0058] Depend on Fig.12 It can be seen that after two external sprays of nano-potassium molybdate, in the first determination of the fruit quality of "Donglang", the total soluble sugar content decreased by 15.64%, the reducing sugar content decreased by 35.51%, and the soluble solid content increased by 5.97%; in the second determination of the fruit quality, the total soluble sugar content increased by 4.26%, the reducing sugar content decreased by 15.85%, and the soluble solid content decreased, but there was no significant difference. Fig.13 It can be seen that the vitamin C and soluble protein of "Donglang" increased after two exogenous sprays of nano-potassium molybdate. The results of the two measurements showed that vitamin C increased by 25.00% and 16.90% respectively, and soluble protein increased by 0.03% and 3.09% respectively; the free amino acid content increased only in the second fruit, by 0.28%.

[0059] In summary, exogenous spraying of 0.313 μmol / L nano-potassium molybdate can significantly increase the growth and development, photosynthetic pigment content, fluorescence parameters and related enzyme activities of tomatoes and peppers, thereby increasing the yield per plant and fruit quality of tomatoes and peppers.

[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is only illustrative and not restrictive of the present invention. Those skilled in the art understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalences may be made to the present invention within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, but all of them will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by spraying nano-potassium molybdate exogenously, characterized in that: The solution containing nano potassium molybdate is sprayed onto the surface and back of tomato and pepper leaves through an external source until liquid drips, and the spraying time is the flowering period of tomato and pepper.

2. The method of spraying nano-potassium molybdate to improve the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of nano-potassium molybdate in the nano-potassium molybdate-containing solution is 0.313 μmol / L.

3. The method of spraying nano-potassium molybdate to improve the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The solution containing nano potassium molybdate is sprayed twice, and the interval between the two sprayings is 15 days.

4. The method for improving the yield and quality of tomatoes and peppers by spraying nano-potassium molybdate exogenously as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The tomato varieties are 'Provence' and 'Jinpeng 148'; the pepper varieties are 'Donglang' and 'Bolong'.

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