Multi-character collaborative screening excellent-line anti-cancer seedling cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-character collaborative screening excellent-line anti-cancer seedling cultivation method, belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and aims to solve the problem that the industrial development of cerasus humilis is restricted by the cerasus humilis. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing pollution-free soil, namely planting original seedlings in the soil in the pollution-free soil environment; the method comprises the following steps of 1, selecting seeds, 2, soaking the seeds twice, namely soaking the seeds twice with a medicine 10 days before autumn sowing of the seeds, soaking the seeds for 5-7 days for the first time, soaking the seeds for 3 days for the second time, fishing out the seeds and drying the seeds for sowing, and 3, scientific management: selecting excellent seeds in the growth process of original variety seedlings, and managing to ensure healthy growth of plants and provide conditions for formation of excellent characters of the seeds. According to the method, the cerasus humilis second-generation superior-line seedlings with high root cancer resistance can be cultivated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation, and specifically, is a method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits. Background Art

[0002] Prunus oleifera root cancer is a devastating disease that seriously restricts the industrial development of Prunus oleifera. Currently, the offspring of original cuttings on the market generally have root cancer problems. 3-5 years after planting, the entire garden is often infected by the disease and the garden is destroyed, causing huge losses to the Prunus oleifera planting industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective method to cultivate Prunus oleifera seedlings that are resistant to root cancer. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits, so as to solve the problem that the root cancer of European plum restricts its industrial development and cultivate the second-generation superior seedlings of European plum with high resistance to root cancer.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] Step 1: Non-polluted soil: Plant the original seedlings in the soil without pollution. Step 2: Soak the seeds twice: 10 days before autumn sowing, soak the seeds twice with drugs, soak the seeds for 5 to 7 days for the first time, and soak the seeds for 3 days for the second time, then take them out and dry them for sowing. Step 3: Scientific management: During the growth of the original seedlings, select excellent seeds, and manage them to ensure the healthy growth of the plants and provide conditions for the formation of excellent seed traits.

[0006] Planting of original variety seedlings: Choose a plot of land that is far away from industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and has no history of root cancer, plant the original variety seedlings there, and apply fertilizer and irrigation according to conventional planting management methods to ensure normal growth of the plants.

[0007] Selection of high-quality seeds: When the seedlings of the original variety grow to the fruiting stage, observe the growth conditions and fruit quality of the plants, and select seeds produced by plants with strong growth, high-quality fruit and no symptoms of diseases and insect pests.

[0008] Seed treatment: 10 days before autumn sowing, prepare the self-prepared No. 1 medicine and soak the selected seeds in it for 5-7 days. After soaking, take out the seeds and rinse them with clean water, then soak them in the prepared No. 2 medicine for 3 days. After soaking, take out the seeds and drain them, and dry them in the sun until the surface of the seeds is not sticky.

[0009] Field sowing: Sow the treated seeds in a pollution-free field prepared in advance. The sowing depth and spacing shall be in accordance with the conventional sowing requirements for European plum seeds.

[0010] Farming management: During the growth period of seedlings, strictly follow the principle of no pathogens mixed in, and avoid planting other seedlings with root cancer in the same plot. After working in other fields with root cancer, operators need to disinfect their tools and themselves before entering the sterile seedling field. At the same time, regularly test the seedlings for root cancer, and isolate suspected diseased plants in a timely manner.

[0011] Multi-trait coordinated screening and propagation: During the growth of seedlings, the growth rate and fruit quality-related traits of seedlings are continuously observed, seedlings with excellent multi-traits are marked and recorded, and growth files are established. After the superior second-generation seedlings are determined, [specific propagation methods] are used for propagation.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings through coordinated screening of multiple traits of the present invention has a synergistic effect in multiple aspects from seed screening, drug treatment to growth environment control, which effectively reduces the incidence of root cancer in European plum seedlings. The cultivated superior second-generation seedlings have good resistance to root cancer and take other excellent traits into consideration. It has been verified in practice in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, providing strong support for the industrial development of European plum. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0014] A method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by collaborative screening of multiple traits, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Non-polluted soil: Plant the original variety seedlings in the soil of non-polluted soil environment;

[0016] Step 2: soak the seeds twice. 10 days before autumn sowing, soak the seeds twice with drugs. The first time, soak the seeds for 5 to 7 days. The second time, soak the seeds for 3 days, then take them out and dry them for sowing.

[0017] Step three: scientific management: during the growth of the original seedlings, select high-quality seeds and manage them to ensure the healthy growth of the plants and provide conditions for the formation of excellent seed traits;

[0018] Among them, selecting a pollution-free soil environment specifically includes the following steps:

[0019] S101, preliminary regional survey, by consulting local geological and environmental data, to understand whether there has been industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and the prevalence of pests and diseases in the proposed planting area in the past, with a focus on whether there are pollution sources from chemical companies and heavy metal mines, and whether crops in the area have frequently suffered from diseases that are difficult to prevent and control in the past, to avoid infectious diseases such as root cancer; organize professionals to conduct on-site visits to potential planting areas, observe the surrounding environment, and check whether there are obvious pollution sources such as sewage discharge outlets and landfills; at the same time, observe the growth of surrounding natural vegetation. If the vegetation grows abnormally, such as yellowing, withering or deformed leaves, it indicates that there is a problem of soil pollution;

[0020] S102, soil sample collection, using soil sampling tools, collect surface soil samples at a depth of 0-30 cm and deep soil samples at a depth of 30-60 cm at each sampling point; the soil samples collected at each sampling point are fully mixed to form a comprehensive sample, which is placed in a clean sampling bag and marked, recording the location and depth information of the sampling point;

[0021] S103, testing and analysis, testing the physical properties of soil samples such as texture, pH, and porosity in the laboratory; suitable soil texture should be loam or sandy loam, with a pH value between 6.5 and 7.5 and moderate porosity to ensure that the soil has good air permeability and water retention; focus on testing the content of heavy metals in the soil, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, as well as pesticide residues and fertilizer residues; refer to the national soil environmental quality standards to ensure that all indicators are within the safe range;

[0022] S104 Comprehensive assessment and determination, based on comprehensive test results, conducts a comprehensive assessment of soil environmental quality. If all soil indicators meet the standards and no root cancer pathogens or other harmful microorganisms are detected, the soil is preliminarily determined to be an unpolluted soil environment.

[0023] Among them, scientific management specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S201, reasonable fertilization. Before planting the original variety seedlings, according to the soil fertility test results, apply sufficient basal fertilizer to the selected pollution-free soil, mainly organic fertilizer, such as fully decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per mu, and add appropriate amount of compound fertilizer, such as compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15-15-15, with an application rate of 30-50 kg per mu. Spread the fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, and then deep plow to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil to provide long-term nutrient support for the growth of seedlings; during the growth period of seedlings, apply topdressing according to different growth stages;

[0025] S202, timely irrigation, determine the irrigation frequency according to weather conditions and soil moisture. In the dry season, irrigate 1-2 times a week to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged; in the rainy season, drain water in time to prevent seedlings from being waterlogged;

[0026] S203, disease prevention: spray protective fungicides regularly during the growing season, such as Bordeaux mixture, every 15-20 days to prevent leaf and branch diseases. At the same time, maintain good ventilation and light conditions in the orchard, prune overcrowded branches in time, reduce humidity in the orchard, and reduce the probability of disease occurrence;

[0027] S204, screening of excellent plants. During the fruit ripening period, observe and screen the plants in the entire garden, and select plants with strong growth, no symptoms of diseases and insect pests, neat tree shape, moderate fruiting amount and uniform fruit size as seed candidates.

[0028] Among them, scientific management, S201, reasonable fertilization, topdressing management, specifically, in the budding period, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea, applied at a rate of 10-15 kg per mu to promote the growth of branches and leaves; in the flowering period, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 5-8 kg per mu, and use foliar spraying at a concentration of 0.2%-0.3% to increase the fruit setting rate; in the fruit expansion period, topdress nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers at a rate of 20-30 kg per mu to promote fruit development.

[0029] Among them, scientific management, S202, timely irrigation, the irrigation method adopts drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to ensure that water is evenly supplied to the root system of the seedlings. This irrigation method can not only save water, but also reduce soil compaction and the breeding of pests and diseases.

[0030] The seeds that have been soaked twice are sown in unpolluted fields. The unpolluted fields must meet the requirements of no residual root cancer pathogens in the soil and no pollution sources in the surrounding environment that may carry root cancer pathogens.

[0031] During farming management after seed sowing, other seedlings with root cancer are not allowed to be planted in the same plot of land; at the same time, operators must strictly disinfect farm tools and themselves after farming in fields with root cancer, and are not allowed to farm directly in sterile seedling fields to eliminate all sources of infection.

[0032] During the entire cultivation process, seedlings are regularly tested for root cancer, and any suspected diseased plants are immediately isolated and treated.

[0033] The seedlings in the growth process are screened for multiple traits in a coordinated manner. In addition to the root cancer resistance trait, the growth rate and fruit quality-related traits of the seedlings are also observed and screened.

[0034] Mark and record the selected seedlings with excellent multiple traits, establish a seedling growth file, and record the growth information and screening process of each seedling in detail.

[0035] The superior second-generation seedlings determined after multi-trait collaborative screening are expanded to meet the market demand for superior anti-cancer seedlings.

[0036] The above is a detailed introduction to the method for cultivating superior anticancer seedlings for multi-trait collaborative screening provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified in a number of ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by collaborative screening of multiple traits, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Non-polluted soil: Plant the original variety seedlings in the soil of non-polluted soil environment; Step 2: soak the seeds twice. 10 days before autumn sowing, soak the seeds twice with drugs. The first time, soak the seeds for 5 to 7 days. The second time, soak the seeds for 3 days, then take them out and dry them for sowing. Step three: scientific management: during the growth of the original seedlings, select high-quality seeds and manage them to ensure the healthy growth of the plants and provide conditions for the formation of excellent seed traits; Among them, selecting a pollution-free soil environment specifically includes the following steps: S101, preliminary regional survey, by consulting local geological and environmental data, to understand whether there has been industrial pollution, agricultural pollution and the prevalence of pests and diseases in the proposed planting area in the past, with a focus on whether there are pollution sources from chemical companies and heavy metal mines, and whether crops in the area have frequently suffered from diseases that are difficult to prevent and control in the past, to avoid infectious diseases such as root cancer; organize professionals to conduct on-site visits to potential planting areas, observe the surrounding environment, and check whether there are obvious pollution sources such as sewage discharge outlets and landfills; at the same time, observe the growth of surrounding natural vegetation. If the vegetation grows abnormally, such as yellowing, withering or deformed leaves, it indicates that there is a problem of soil pollution; S102, soil sample collection, using soil sampling tools, collect surface soil samples at a depth of 0-30 cm and deep soil samples at a depth of 30-60 cm at each sampling point; the soil samples collected at each sampling point are fully mixed to form a comprehensive sample, which is placed in a clean sampling bag and marked, recording the location and depth information of the sampling point; S103, testing and analysis, testing the physical properties of soil samples such as texture, pH, and porosity in the laboratory; suitable soil texture should be loam or sandy loam, with a pH value between 6.5 and 7.5 and moderate porosity to ensure that the soil has good air permeability and water retention; focus on testing the content of heavy metals in the soil, such as lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, as well as pesticide residues and fertilizer residues; refer to the national soil environmental quality standards to ensure that all indicators are within the safe range; S104 Comprehensive assessment and determination, based on comprehensive test results, conducts a comprehensive assessment of soil environmental quality. If all soil indicators meet the standards and no root cancer pathogens or other harmful microorganisms are detected, the soil is preliminarily determined to be an unpolluted soil environment.

2. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, Scientific management specifically includes the following steps: S201, reasonable fertilization. Before planting the original variety seedlings, according to the soil fertility test results, apply sufficient basal fertilizer to the selected pollution-free soil, mainly organic fertilizer, such as fully decomposed farmyard manure or commercial organic fertilizer, with an application rate of 2000-3000 kg per mu, and add appropriate amount of compound fertilizer, such as compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 15-15-15, with an application rate of 30-50 kg per mu. Spread the fertilizer evenly on the soil surface, and then deep plow to fully mix the fertilizer with the soil to provide long-term nutrient support for the growth of seedlings; during the growth period of seedlings, apply topdressing according to different growth stages; S202, timely irrigation, determine the irrigation frequency according to weather conditions and soil moisture. In the dry season, irrigate 1-2 times a week to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged; in the rainy season, drain water in time to prevent seedlings from being waterlogged; S203, disease prevention: spray protective fungicides regularly during the growing season, such as Bordeaux mixture, every 15-20 days to prevent leaf and branch diseases. At the same time, maintain good ventilation and light conditions in the orchard, prune overcrowded branches in time, reduce humidity in the orchard, and reduce the probability of disease occurrence; S204, screening of excellent plants. During the fruit ripening period, observe and screen the plants in the entire garden, and select plants with strong growth, no symptoms of diseases and insect pests, neat tree shape, moderate fruiting amount and uniform fruit size as seed candidates.

3. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by multi-trait collaborative screening according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, Scientific management, S201, reasonable fertilization, topdressing management, specifically, in the budding period, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, such as urea, applied at a rate of 10-15 kg per mu to promote the growth of branches and leaves; in the flowering period, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, at a rate of 5-8 kg per mu, by foliar spraying, with a concentration of 0.2%-0.3%, to increase the fruit setting rate; in the fruit expansion period, topdress nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers, at a rate of 20-30 kg per mu, to promote fruit development.

4. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 3, characterized in that: in, Scientific management, S202, timely irrigation, the irrigation method adopts drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation to save water and ensure that water is evenly supplied around the roots of the seedlings.

5. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 4, characterized in that: The seeds that have been soaked twice are sown in unpolluted fields. The unpolluted fields must meet the requirements of no residual root cancer pathogens in the soil and no pollution sources in the surrounding environment that may carry root cancer pathogens.

6. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 5, characterized in that: During farming management after seed sowing, other seedlings with root cancer are not allowed to be planted in the same plot of land; at the same time, operators must strictly disinfect farm tools and themselves after farming in fields with root cancer, and are not allowed to farm directly in sterile seedling fields to eliminate all sources of infection.

7. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the entire cultivation process, seedlings are regularly tested for root cancer, and any suspected diseased plants are immediately isolated and treated.

8. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seedlings in the growth process are screened for multiple traits in a coordinated manner. In addition to the root cancer resistance trait, the growth rate and fruit quality-related traits of the seedlings are also observed and screened.

9. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 8, characterized in that: Mark and record the selected seedlings with excellent multiple traits, establish a seedling growth file, and record the growth information and screening process of each seedling in detail.

10. The method for cultivating superior anti-cancer seedlings by coordinated screening of multiple traits according to claim 9, characterized in that: The superior second-generation seedlings determined after multi-trait collaborative screening are expanded to meet the market demand for superior anti-cancer seedlings.