Efficient cultivation method for rotation of morchella esculenta and lotus roots

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient cultivation method for rotation of morchella esculenta and lotus roots. The method comprises the following steps: 1) harvesting lotus roots; 2) soil treatment; (3) building a greenhouse; 4) furrow building and sowing; 5) management after sowing; (6) promoting mushroom; (7) keeping mushrooms; and 9) harvesting. According to the efficient cultivation method for morchella esculenta and lotus root crop rotation, the natural affinity of the morchella esculenta and lotus root growth soil environment is fully utilized, the fertile winter leisure lotus root field land can be fully utilized, water and fertilizer are saved, the cultivation quality of morchella esculenta and lotus roots is improved, and mutual benefit, win-win and efficient cultivation of morchella esculenta and lotus roots is achieved. By means of the method, fertilizer input can be reduced by 70%, the land utilization rate can be increased by 40% or above, the occurrence amount of diseases and pests in the morchella esculenta growing period can be reduced by 60% or above, compared with an existing mode, the yield can be increased by 25% or above, and green, high-quality and efficient cultivation of morchella esculenta and lotus roots is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-efficiency cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation, belonging to the technical field of morel cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Morchella and lotus root are both currently cultivated varieties with high economic benefits. Morchella and lotus root rotation can make full use of fertile winter idle lotus field land, improve the yield and quality of Morchella and lotus root cultivation, significantly reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests during Morchella cultivation, achieve mutual benefit and win-win situation for Morchella and lotus root, and is a new method for green and efficient cultivation of Morchella. It will promote the potential and efficiency of Morchella and lotus root industries and promote green and sustainable development of the industry. The present invention mainly solves the technical obstacles of Morchella and Lotus Root Rotation through the selection and application of local adaptive Morchella early-maturing varieties and the matching of related Morchella early-maturing cultivation technology. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation, so as to realize green, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation of morel and lotus root.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a high-efficiency cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation, comprising the following steps:

[0005] 1) Harvesting lotus roots: Drain the lotus fields in November and harvest the lotus roots;

[0006] 2) Soil treatment: fertilize, adjust soil pH to 6.8-7.8, and till the soil to a depth of 25-35 cm;

[0007] 3) Building a greenhouse: Use a two-film and one-curtain cold greenhouse for cultivation, install sprinkler facilities in the greenhouse, with a shading rate of 65-70%, and dig drainage and irrigation ditches around the arch shed;

[0008] 4) Bed construction and sowing: Sowing is carried out in late November to early December, with beds built in a north-south direction, using deep furrows and shallow wave-like drill sowing;

[0009] 5) Management after sowing: Keep the soil moisture content of the bed surface at 50-55%, cover the bed surface with black film, make holes with a diameter of 1 cm at intervals of 12-15 cm on the black film, keep the temperature in the greenhouse below 20°C, the relative humidity of the air at 70-85%, and the shading rate at 65-70%; place the Morchella nutrient conversion bag on the bed surface 10-15 days after sowing;

[0010] 6) Mushroom growth: In early February, control the shading rate to 65-70%, the bed surface temperature to 4-20℃, maintain a day and night temperature difference of 6-10℃, remove the Morchella nutrient conversion bag, spray the soil to saturate the water content, then maintain the soil moisture content at 50-55%, the relative air humidity at 85%-95%, and spray the bed with compound probiotics;

[0011] 7) Mushroom preservation: Maintain the bed surface temperature at 4-20℃, maintain the relative humidity of the space at 85-95% during the primordium formation and growth period, and maintain the relative humidity at 75-80% before harvesting; maintain the shading rate at 65-70%; reduce the temperature in the greenhouse after mid-March;

[0012] 8) Harvesting.

[0013] As an improvement, in the step 2), organic fertilizer, 0.12 kg of lime powder, 0.15 kg of wood ash, 0.07 kg of superphosphate, and 4.5 g of 5% phoxim granules are used per square meter of soil, and the organic fertilizer is 3 kg of ordinary organic fertilizer or 0.3 kg of commercial organic fertilizer.

[0014] As an improvement, in step 3), the shed is built in a north-south direction, with a height of 1.5-3.5m and a width of 3-8m. The shed is covered with two films and one curtain, using a light ecological film, and a straw curtain with a shading rate of 65-70% is covered between the two films. Ventilation holes with a width of 80-100cm are left at a height of 1m on both sides of the shed; drainage ditches with a width of 40-50cm and a depth of 30cm are dug around the outer arch shed at a distance of 0.8m from the edge of the shed.

[0015] As an improvement, in step 4), the ridges are built in the north-south direction, each ridge is 80-120 cm wide, and a 30-35 cm wide working path is left between two ridges.

[0016] As an improvement, in step 4), when sowing in the deep-ditch shallow-wave strip sowing method, small furrows with a spacing of 22-25 cm and a depth of 10-15 cm are opened on the bed surface, and the fungus is broken into bean-sized pieces and scattered into the furrows, with 0.25 kg of fungus per square meter, and then soil is taken on the operation path to cover the fungus with a thickness of 1-1.5 cm.

[0017] As an improvement, in step 5), the culture medium in the Morchella nutrient conversion bag includes, by mass percentage: 78% wheat, 12% rice husk, 3% lime, 2% gypsum, 4% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% zinc sulfate.

[0018] As an improvement, in step 8), the morels are harvested when they grow to 5-18 cm. When harvesting, five fingers are put together, the mushroom body is lightly grasped, and a sharp knife is used to cut straightly from the base of the mushroom body, and the mud at the base of the mushroom body is cleaned.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the efficient cultivation method of the morel and lotus root rotation of the present invention makes full use of the natural affinity of the soil environment for the growth of morels and lotus roots, can make full use of the fertile winter idle lotus root fields, save water and fertilizer, improve the cultivation quality of morels and lotus roots, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win and efficient cultivation of morels and lotus roots. This method can reduce fertilizer input by 70%, increase land utilization by more than 40%, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests during the growth period of morels by more than 60%. The method of the present invention can increase the yield by more than 25% compared with the existing model, and realize the green, high-quality and efficient cultivation of morels and lotus roots. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present application are described in detail through specific embodiments below. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of the present application. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0021] An efficient cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation comprises the following steps:

[0022] 1) Harvesting lotus roots: Drain the lotus fields in advance in early November and harvest the lotus roots on the 10th to 20th of November;

[0023] 2) Soil treatment: Use organic fertilizer, lime powder 0.12kg, plant ash 0.15kg, superphosphate 0.07kg, 5% phoxim granules 4.5g per square meter of soil, the organic fertilizer is 3kg of ordinary organic fertilizer or 0.3kg of commercial organic fertilizer, adjust the soil pH to 6.8-7.8, and plow to a depth of 25-35cm; the lotus root field soil is fertile and has few diseases and insect pests, which can reduce fertilizer input by 70% and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests during the growth period of morels by more than 60%;

[0024] 3) Building a greenhouse: Use two films and one curtain for cold greenhouse cultivation. The greenhouse is built in a north-south direction, with a height of 1.5-3.5m and a width of 3-8m. The greenhouse is covered with two films and one curtain. A light ecological film is used, and a straw curtain with a shading rate of 65-70% is covered between the two films. A 80-100cm wide vent is left at a height of 1m on both sides of the greenhouse, and a spraying facility is installed in the greenhouse; a 40-50cm wide and 30cm deep drainage ditch is dug 0.8m away from the edge of the greenhouse around the arch shed for drainage, humidification and auxiliary cooling; the two-film-one-curtain cold greenhouse cultivation facilities are easy to build and move, with low investment costs, heat preservation and moisture retention, and good cultivation effect;

[0025] 4) Building furrows and sowing: Sowing is carried out in late November to early December, and the best sowing period is November 20 to November 30. The furrows are built in the north-south direction, and each furrow is 80-120cm wide. A 30-35cm wide operation path is left between two furrows. The "deep trench and shallow wave strip sowing method" is used for sowing: small furrows with a spacing of 22-25cm and a depth of 10-15cm are opened on the furrow surface. The fungus is broken into bean-sized pieces and scattered in the furrows. 0.25kg of fungus is used per square meter, and then 1-1.5cm thick soil is taken from the operation path to cover the fungus. This sowing method saves fungus, has a fast fungus growth, good moisturizing effect, increases soil permeability, increases ground temperature, increases the fruiting area, increases the thickness of the mycelium layer, and improves the stress resistance of Morchella;

[0026] 5) Management after sowing: After sowing, adjust the water according to the humidity of the bed surface, keep the soil moisture content of the bed surface at 50-55%, cover the bed surface with black film, and make holes with a diameter of 1 cm at intervals of 12-15 cm on the black film, which can moisturize, shade, stabilize temperature, ventilate, and inhibit weeds; keep the temperature in the shed below 20°C, the relative humidity of the air at 70-85%, and the shading rate at 65-70%; place a morel nutrition conversion bag on the bed surface 10-15 days after sowing. The culture medium in the morel nutrition conversion bag includes, by mass percentage: 78% wheat, 12% rice husk, 3% lime, 2% gypsum, 4% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% zinc sulfate; the bag size is 12×26cm, and the wet weight of each bag is 0.3-0.35kg; this space environment is conducive to the growth of morel hyphae and the prevention and control of diseases, insects and weeds, laying a nutritional foundation for the high yield of morels;

[0027] 6) Mushroom growth promotion: In early February, inhibit the vegetative growth of Morchella and force it to transform into reproductive growth. The specific methods can be:

[0028] ① Carry out light stimulation and increase the temperature in the greenhouse;

[0029] ② To increase temperature and stimulate the temperature difference between day and night, cover the sunshade net of the outer shed and the inner shed with an 8-filament thick light ecological film with high light transmittance and good heating and heat preservation effects, maintain the bed surface temperature at 4-20℃ and maintain a day and night temperature difference of 6-10℃;

[0030] ③Remove the nutrient conversion bag of morels. By removing the nutrient conversion bag, external nutrients are cut off and mushroom production is stimulated;

[0031] ④ Moisture stimulation: while raising the temperature, spray heavy water once to make the soil water content reach basic saturation to change the mycelium osmotic pressure, and then maintain the soil water content at 50-55% and the relative humidity of the air at 85%-95%;

[0032] ⑤ Microbial stimulation: dilute compound probiotics (provided by Jiangsu Xinye Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.) 30 times and spray the entire bed surface to increase the soil microbial population and stimulate mushroom production;

[0033] 7) Mushroom preservation: The key points of management are temperature and humidity control, ventilation and shading. In the early stage, pay attention to heating and heat preservation. In the later stage, as the natural temperature continues to rise, pay attention to cooling. Always keep the bed surface temperature between 4-20℃, and the best temperature on the bed surface is 6-18℃; keep the relative humidity of the space at 85-95% during the formation and growth of primordium, and keep the relative humidity at 75-80% before harvesting; keep the shading rate at 65-70% in the early stage; gradually dismantle the small arch shed according to the natural temperature rise after mid-March to reduce the temperature in the shed;

[0034] 8) Harvest. When the morels grow to 5-18cm, preferably 8-15cm, the ridges and pits on the cap surface are obvious, the ascocarps are no longer enlarged, and before the spores are ejected, they should be harvested. Late harvesting can easily cause over-ripening and reduced product quality. When harvesting, hold the mushroom body lightly with five fingers together, cut straight from the base of the mushroom body with a sharp knife, and clean the mud at the base of the mushroom body. Handle with care during harvesting and transportation to prevent cracking or deformation.

[0035] The present invention drains the lotus field in advance in early November, harvests lotus roots on the 10th to 20th of November, sows morels in late November to early December, harvests morels in late February to March, and sows lotus roots in April. Experiments have shown that the above crop rotation schedule can effectively connect morels and lotus roots, ensuring timely harvest.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] In 2021-2022, in Wangqiao Village, Damiao Town, Economic Development Zone, Xuzhou City, 240m of Morchella was cultivated using the efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation. 2 , and did 240m at the same time 2 Dry field cultivation was used as a comparative test. The morel variety selected was Su Morel No. 1, which is a medium-low temperature variety. It was systematically bred from local wild morels, has strong local adaptability, is easy to produce mushrooms, and can achieve the goals of early fruiting and high yield.

[0038] An efficient cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation specifically comprises the following steps:

[0039] 1) Harvesting lotus roots: The lotus fields were drained on November 8, and lotus root harvesting began on November 13;

[0040] 2) Soil treatment: On November 18, apply 72kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 28.8kg of lime powder, 36kg of plant ash, 16.8kg of superphosphate, and 1.08kg of 5% phoxim granules, adjust the soil pH to 7.0, and till the soil to a depth of 30cm;

[0041] 3) Shed construction: Use two-film and one-curtain cold shed cultivation, build in the north-south direction, 3.0m high, 7m wide, covered with two layers of drip-free ecological film, a layer of straw curtain with a shading rate of 65% between the two layers of film, 100cm wide ventilation holes are left at 1m above the ground on both sides of the shed, sprinkler facilities are installed in the shed, and a small arch shed is set up in the shed for heat preservation and moisture retention; dig 40cm wide and 30cm deep drainage and irrigation ditches around the arch shed at 0.8m away from the edge of the shed;

[0042] 4) Building furrows and sowing: Sowing was carried out on November 22. The furrows were built in a north-south direction, with a width of 120 cm for each furrow and a 35 cm wide operation path between two furrows. The sowing was carried out using the "deep trench and shallow wave strip sowing method": small furrows with a spacing of 22 cm and a depth of 15 cm were opened on the furrow surface. The fungus was broken into bean-sized pieces and spread into the furrows. 0.25 kg of fungus was used per square meter. After that, 1 cm thick soil was taken from the operation path to cover the fungus.

[0043] 5) Management after sowing: After sowing, atomize water to the soil moisture content of 55% on the bed surface, cover the bed surface with black film, and make holes with a diameter of 1 cm at intervals of 12 cm on the black film, which can play the role of moisturizing, shading, stabilizing temperature, ventilation, and inhibiting weeds; keep the temperature in the small arch shed below 20°C, the relative humidity of the air is 80%, and the shading rate is 65%; on December 4, place a morel nutrition conversion bag on the bed surface. Calculated by mass percentage, the culture medium in the morel nutrition conversion bag includes: 78% wheat, 12% rice husk, 3% lime, 2% gypsum, 4% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% zinc sulfate; the bag specifications are 12×26cm, and the wet weight of each bag is 0.3-0.35kg;

[0044] 6) Mushroom promotion: Mushroom promotion was carried out on February 12, with the following specific steps: ① Light stimulation and raising the temperature in the greenhouse; ② Heating and diurnal temperature difference stimulation, maintaining the bed surface temperature at 4-20℃, and maintaining a diurnal temperature difference of 6-10℃; ③ Removing the black film on the bed surface; ④ Removing the nutrient conversion bag for Morchella; ⑤ While raising the temperature, spraying heavy water once to make the soil water content basically saturated to change the mycelium osmotic pressure, and then maintaining the soil water content at 50-55% and the relative air humidity at 85%-95%; ⑥ Microbial stimulation, using 3kg of compound probiotics (provided by Jiangsu Xinye Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.) diluted 30 times and sprayed on the entire bed surface to increase the soil microbial population and stimulate mushroom production;

[0045] 7) Mushroom preservation: Keep the bed surface temperature between 6-18℃; keep the relative humidity of the space at 85-95% during the formation and growth of primordium, and keep the relative humidity at 75-80% before harvesting; keep the shading rate at 65%; gradually dismantle the small arch shed according to the natural temperature rise after mid-March to reduce the temperature in the shed; add water 4 times during the whole mushroom preservation period;

[0046] 8) Harvest. When the morels grow to 8-15cm, the ridges and pits on the surface of the cap are obvious, the ascocarps no longer increase, and before the spores are ejected, they are harvested. Late harvesting can easily cause over-ripening and reduced product quality. When harvesting, hold the mushroom body with five fingers together, cut it straight from the base of the mushroom body with a sharp knife, and clean the mud at the base of the mushroom body. Handle it with care during harvesting and transportation to prevent cracking or deformation. The primordium of morels began to occur on February 18 and began to occur in large quantities on February 20. During the period, low temperatures occurred on the 15th, 18th, and 19th, but the temperature in the greenhouse remained stable at above 5℃, and the greenhouse showed a good insulation effect. By February 25, the first batch of morels had grown to more than 8cm, and the first batch of morels began to be harvested. After March 20, spray cooling and water injection in the drainage ditch were adopted, which achieved a good cooling effect. The morels continued to produce mushrooms until March 30, with a total concentrated fruiting period of 42 days. A total of 206.5 kg of fresh morels were harvested, equivalent to a yield of 573.9 kg per mu, or 0.86 kg per square meter. No obvious soil-borne pests and diseases were found during the entire morel germination and fruiting stage.

[0047] The existing model is to apply 85kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 29kg of lime powder, 36kg of plant ash, 20kg of superphosphate, 1kg of 5% phoxim granules, 22kg of lime powder, and 30cm of tillage depth. Morchella primordia began to appear on February 22, the first batch of Morchella began to be harvested on February 29, and the harvest of Morchella ended on April 7. A total of 151.7kg of fresh Morchella was harvested, equivalent to 421.6kg per mu, or about 0.6kg per square meter. Water was replenished 6 times during the mushroom preservation period.

[0048] From Example 1, the high-efficiency cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation of the present invention can increase the yield by 26.54% compared with the existing model, while reducing the use of organic fertilizer by 15.3%, the use of phosphate fertilizer by 15%, and the use of water by 30%. No obvious soil-borne diseases and insect pests were found, truly realizing the ecological cultivation of morels.

[0049] Example 2

[0050] In 2022-2023, in Zhangzhuang Town, Pei County, Xuzhou, 300m of Morchella will be cultivated using the efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation. 2 , in order to further verify the actual effect of this method.

[0051] An efficient cultivation method of morel and lotus root rotation comprises the following steps:

[0052] 1) Harvesting lotus roots: The lotus fields were drained on November 10, and lotus root harvesting began on November 12;

[0053] 2) Soil treatment: On November 20, apply 90kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 36kg of lime powder, 45kg of plant ash, 21kg of superphosphate, and 1.35kg of 5% phoxim granules, adjust the soil pH to 7.2, and till the soil to a depth of about 30cm;

[0054] 3) Shed construction: Use two-film and one-curtain cold shed cultivation. The shed is built in a north-south direction, 3.5m high and 7m wide. Two layers of drip-free ecological film are covered on the shed, and a layer of straw curtain with a shading rate of 65-70% is placed between the two layers of film. A 100cm wide vent is left at a height of 1m on both sides of the shed, and sprinkler facilities are installed in the shed; 40cm wide and 30cm deep drainage and irrigation ditches are dug around the arch shed at 0.8m from the edge of the shed;

[0055] 4) Building furrows and sowing: Sowing was carried out on November 25. The furrows were built in a north-south direction, with each furrow 100 cm wide and a 30 cm wide operation path between the two furrows. The sowing was carried out using the "deep trench and shallow wave strip sowing method": small furrows with a spacing of 22 cm and a depth of 15 cm were opened on the furrow surface. The fungus was broken into bean-sized pieces and spread into the furrows. 0.25 kg of fungus was used per square meter. After that, 1.5 cm thick soil was taken from the operation path to cover the fungus.

[0056] 5) Management after sowing: After sowing, water was added to the soil moisture content of the bed surface to 55%, and the bed surface was covered with black film, and holes with a diameter of 1 cm were made on the black film at intervals of 15 cm; the temperature in the small arch shed was kept below 20°C, the relative humidity of the air was 75-85%, and the shading rate was 70%; on December 7, a morel nutrient conversion bag was placed on the bed surface. By mass percentage, the culture medium in the morel nutrient conversion bag included: 78% wheat, 12% rice husk, 3% lime, 2% gypsum, 4% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% zinc sulfate; the bag size was 12×26cm, and the wet weight of each bag was 0.3-0.35kg;

[0057] 6) Mushroom growth: Mushroom growth started on February 14, with the following specific steps: ① Raise the temperature in the greenhouse and keep the bed surface temperature at 4-20℃; ② Maintain a day-night temperature difference of 6-10℃; ③ Remove the black film on the bed surface; ④ Remove the morel nutrient conversion bag; ⑤ While raising the temperature, spray heavy water once to make the soil water content basically saturated to change the mycelium osmotic pressure, and then maintain the soil water content at 50-55% and the relative air humidity at 85%-95%; ⑥ Use 3.75kg of compound probiotics (provided by Jiangsu Xinye Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.) diluted 30 times and sprayed on the entire bed surface;

[0058] 7) Mushroom preservation: Keep the bed surface temperature at 6-18℃; keep the relative humidity of the space at 85-95% during the primordium formation and growth period, and keep the relative humidity at 75-80% before harvesting; keep the shading rate at 70%;

[0059] 8) Harvest. The primordium of Morchella began to occur on February 21, and began to occur in large quantities on February 23. The first batch of Morchella was harvested on February 27, and the fruiting continued until March 28. The entire concentrated fruiting period was 36 days, and a total of 288.3 kg of fresh Morchella was harvested, equivalent to 641 kg per mu, or 0.96 kg per square meter. No obvious soil-borne pests and diseases were found during the entire Morchella germination and fruiting stage.

[0060] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient cultivation method for Morchella and lotus root rotation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Harvesting lotus roots: Drain the lotus fields in November and harvest the lotus roots; 2) Soil treatment: fertilize, adjust soil pH to 6.8-7.8, and till the soil to a depth of 25-35 cm; 3) Building a greenhouse: Use a two-film and one-curtain cold greenhouse for cultivation, install sprinkler facilities in the greenhouse, with a shading rate of 65-70%, and dig drainage and irrigation ditches around the arch shed; 4) Bed construction and sowing: Sowing is carried out in late November to early December, with beds built in a north-south direction, using deep furrows and shallow wave-like drill sowing; 5) Management after sowing: Keep the soil moisture content of the bed surface at 50-55%, cover the bed surface with black film, make holes with a diameter of 1 cm at intervals of 12-15 cm on the black film, keep the temperature in the greenhouse below 20°C, the relative humidity of the air at 70-85%, and the shading rate at 65-70%; place the Morchella nutrient conversion bag on the bed surface 10-15 days after sowing; 6) Mushroom growth: In early February, control the shading rate to 65-70%, the bed surface temperature to 4-20℃, maintain a day and night temperature difference of 6-10℃, remove the Morchella nutrient conversion bag, spray the soil to saturate the water content, then maintain the soil moisture content at 50-55%, the relative air humidity at 85%-95%, and spray the bed with compound probiotics; 7) Mushroom preservation: Maintain the bed surface temperature at 4-20℃, maintain the relative humidity of the space at 85-95% during the primordium formation and growth period, and maintain the relative humidity at 75-80% before harvesting; maintain the shading rate at 65-70%; reduce the temperature in the greenhouse after mid-March; 8) Harvesting.

2. The efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2), organic fertilizer, 0.12 kg lime powder, 0.15 kg wood ash, 0.07 kg superphosphate, and 4.5 g 5% phoxim granules are used per square meter of soil, and the organic fertilizer is 3 kg ordinary organic fertilizer or 0.3 kg commercial organic fertilizer.

3. The efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the middle shed is built in a north-south direction, with a height of 1.5-3.5m and a width of 3-8m. The shed is covered with two films and one curtain, using a light ecological film, and a straw curtain with a shading rate of 65-70% is covered between the two films. A 80-100cm wide ventilation hole is left at a height of 1m on both sides of the shed; Dig drainage ditches 40-50cm wide and 30cm deep around the outer arch shed, 0.8m away from the edge of the shed.

4. The efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 4), the ridges are built in the north-south direction, each ridge is 80-120 cm wide, and a 30-35 cm wide operation path is left between two ridges.

5. The efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation according to claim 4, characterized in that: When sowing in the deep-ditch shallow-layer wave-like strip sowing method in step 4), small furrows with a spacing of 22-25 cm and a depth of 10-15 cm are opened on the bed surface, and the fungus is broken into bean-sized pieces and scattered in the furrows. 0.25 kg of fungus is used per square meter, and then soil is taken on the operation path to cover the fungus with a thickness of 1-1.5 cm.

6. The efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 5), the culture medium in the Morchella nutrient conversion bag includes, by mass percentage, 78% wheat, 12% rice husk, 3% lime, 2% gypsum, 4% superphosphate, 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.5% zinc sulfate.

7. The efficient cultivation method of Morchella and lotus root rotation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 8), the morels are harvested when they grow to 5-18 cm. When harvesting, five fingers are put together, the mushroom body is lightly grasped, and a sharp knife is used to cut straightly from the base of the mushroom body, and the mud at the base of the mushroom body is cleaned.