Method for cultivating seeds by using brassica napobrassica mother roots

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating seeds by using brassica napobrassica mother roots, and relates to the technical field of crop cultivation. A method for cultivating seeds by means of brassica napobrassica mother roots comprises the following steps that oblate genotype brassica napobrassica seeds are selected for pretreatment, sowing and growth, and then oblate tuberous roots meeting the standard are harvested to serve as the mother roots; after mother roots are treated, wide-narrow row planting is carried out, degradable fiber nets are laid below planting rows, and slow release fertilizer is buried below the planting rows; impurity removal, supplementary pollination and pest control are carried out in the flowering stage; harvesting when the seed pods become yellowish brown, and performing after-ripening, threshing, drying and storing to obtain the brassica napobrassica seeds. According to the method, a set of full-chain system covering'parent breeding-seed production by optimizing mother roots' is constructed, the core problems of unstable characters, poor stress resistance, low seed production efficiency and the like in a traditional method are solved, and reliable technical support is provided for large-scale breeding of the brassica napobrassica oblate variety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating seeds using Brucke's mother roots. Background Art

[0002] Brussels sprouts, also known as rutabaga, rutabaga or Swedish turnip, is an important root crop. Its tubers are rich in carbohydrates, vitamin C and dietary fiber, and are widely used for fresh consumption, processing and feed production. In recent years, with the increasing demand for standardization of raw materials in the food processing industry, oblate tubers have become the mainstream form of market demand due to their processing convenience (such as high efficiency in slicing and canning) and commodity consistency advantages. However, the shape of the tubers of Brussels sprouts is affected by the interaction of genetic factors and the environment, and traditional breeding methods face significant challenges in stabilizing the oblate trait. 1. Limitations of traditional breeding technology: In traditional breeding, the selection of oblate tubers mainly relies on phenotypic screening and multi-generation self-pollination. Farmers usually select individuals that are approximately oblate from the field for seed preservation, but due to their high genetic heterogeneity, the offspring are prone to trait separation, resulting in unstable tuber morphology (the ratio of horizontal to vertical diameter can fluctuate from 1.2:1 to 2.0:1). In addition, Puliuk is a cross-pollinated crop with a natural hybridization rate of more than 30%. If isolation measures are insufficient, it is easy to hybridize with closely related species such as cabbage and Chinese cabbage, further exacerbating trait drift. Studies have shown that among the offspring of seeds that have not been strictly screened, the proportion of tubers that meet the oblate standard is less than 50%, which seriously restricts commercial production. 2. Insufficient mother root treatment and cultivation technology: The quality of the mother root directly determines the success or failure of seed production. In traditional methods, the mother roots are mostly directly planted, lacking systematic pretreatment, resulting in a long seedling slow period after planting, slow new root formation, and weak stress resistance. Especially in high temperature and high humidity environments, the incidence of soft rot and clubroot can reach 25%-40%, causing a large loss of mother roots. In addition, problems such as rot or premature germination caused by improper temperature and humidity control during the storage of the mother root further reduce the efficiency of seed production. 3. Shortcomings of the seed production system: Existing seed production technologies focus more on yield improvement and ignore genetic purification and trait solidification. For example, pollination relies on natural bee colonies, which are easily contaminated by pollen from the outside world; the timing of seed pod harvesting relies on experience, resulting in uneven seed maturity and germination rates fluctuating between 70% and 85%. Seed ripening and processing technology is also imperfect, and some production areas still use open-air drying, which is prone to rain and mildew. The moisture content of seeds is difficult to stably control below 8%, and the storage period is shortened to 1-2 years. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for cultivating seeds using the mother roots of Bruker, which uses a root circulation planting method to achieve the flat and round effect of Bruker products.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in this application is:

[0005] The present application provides a method for cultivating seeds using Prueck's mother root, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, selecting oblate genotype Bruker seeds for pretreatment, sowing and growth, and then harvesting oblate tubers that meet the standards as mother roots;

[0007] S2. After the mother roots are processed, they are planted in wide and narrow rows, and a degradable fiber net is laid under the planting row and a slow-release fertilizer is buried;

[0008] S3. Remove weeds, assist pollination and control pests and diseases during flowering period;

[0009] S4. Harvest when the seed pods turn yellow-brown, and carry out post-ripening, threshing, drying and storage to obtain puliuk seeds.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0011] This application has constructed a full-chain system covering "parent breeding - mother root optimization of seed production", which solves the core problems of unstable traits, poor stress resistance and low seed production efficiency in traditional methods, and provides reliable technical support for the large-scale breeding of the Brueckner oblate variety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a picture of the seeds and mother roots of Example 1 of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0015] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0016] A method for cultivating seeds using the Bruck mother root comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1, selecting oblate genotype Bruker seeds for pretreatment, sowing and growth, and then harvesting oblate tubers that meet the standards as mother roots;

[0018] S2. After the mother roots are processed, they are planted in wide and narrow rows, and a degradable fiber net is laid under the planting row and a slow-release fertilizer is buried;

[0019] S3. Remove weeds, assist pollination and control pests and diseases during flowering period;

[0020] S4. Harvest when the seed pods turn yellow-brown, and carry out post-ripening, threshing, drying and storage to obtain puliuk seeds.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned S1 step comprises sterilizing and germinating the seeds, wherein the sterilizing step is specifically as follows: soaking the seeds in 45-52°C warm water for 20-30 minutes, then soaking them in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15-25 minutes, rinsing with clean water and drying; and the germination step is to keep the sterilized seeds at 25-28°C for 24-48 hours. Germination can improve the uniformity of seedling emergence.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present application, the sowing temperature is 10-20°C, the sowing time can be in spring or autumn, and the sowing in autumn avoids high temperatures; the sowing row spacing is 40-50cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25cm to ensure that the tubers have sufficient space to expand; water and fertilizer management and disease prevention and control are carried out during the growth period. The water and fertilizer management is specifically as follows: apply base fertilizer before sowing: 3 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu + compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=15-15-15) 50kg, deep plowing to 20cm soil layer; during the root expansion period (60-80 days after sowing), topdressing potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate 20kg / mu), control nitrogen to prevent excessive growth. Keep soil moisture at 60-70%, reduce watering in the late expansion period to prevent root cracking. Disease prevention and control include: use lime to adjust soil pH to above 6.5 before sowing, irrigate roots with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution in the early stage of the disease to prevent clubroot. Regularly spray 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000 times solution to prevent black rot.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present application, the processing of the mother root in the above-mentioned S2 step includes screening and cutting of the shape of the mother root; wherein the cutting treatment is specifically to cut off the lower 1 / 3 of the fibrous roots of the mother root to promote new roots. The wide and narrow row planting is specifically 60-80cm wide row and 40-50cm narrow row, which is convenient for mechanized management. The time for planting is above 10℃ in spring or in autumn to avoid frost. The planting plot is required to be ≥2000m away from the cruciferous crops (cabbage, kale, etc.) in a straight line.

[0024] The time for planting the mother root can be spring (average daily temperature > 10°C) or autumn. When planting in autumn, slow-release fertilizer particles (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=10-20-20) more, provide basic nutrition during the winter period. And carry out winter protection from December to February of the following year, and spray 20ppm of gibberellin in spring (March to May) to break its dormancy and promote bolting.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present application, the degradable fiber net in the above step S2 is laid 10-15 cm below the planting row, which can induce the mother root to grow vertically, reduce the competition of horizontal lateral roots, and improve the nutrient absorption efficiency. Spraying chitosan-alginate liquid film (thickness 0.05 mm) forms a breathable and waterproof layer on the surface, which can reduce water evaporation by 30% and inhibit the germination of weeds.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present application, the weeding in the above step S3 is to remove non-oblate plants, weak plants and weeds; auxiliary pollination includes artificial pollination and the introduction of bumblebee pollination system to improve the seed setting rate. The pest control includes the control of aphids (spraying 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, once a week), cabbage loopers (spraying 500 times of Bacillus thuringiensis) and sclerotinia (irrigating the roots with 1000 times of 50% procymidone wettable powder).

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the ripening in the above step S4 is specifically to hang the seed plants upside down in a ventilated and dry place for 5-7 days to promote seed ripening. The threshing is carried out by manual kneading or mechanical threshing (rotation speed ≤ 500rpm), and sieving to remove impurities.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present application, the drying step in step S4 is specifically carried out by 40°C hot air circulation drying until the moisture content is ≤8%; after drying, 3.0mm aperture sieve is used for sorting to retain plump seeds with a thousand-grain weight ≥3.2g.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the storage in the above step S4 is specifically sealed in an aluminum foil bag and stored in a cold storage at 0-2°C with a relative humidity of ≤30%.

[0030] The features and performance of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for cultivating seeds using Prueck's mother root, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0033] S1. Select the oblate genotype Buliuk seeds, soak them in 48°C warm water for 20 minutes, then soak them in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 minutes, rinse them with clean water and dry them; then germinate them at 25°C for 36 hours, and sow them after the seeds turn white; sow them in early spring at the end of March (average daily temperature 10-15°C), with a row spacing of 45 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm; apply 3 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=15-15-15) 50kg, deep plowing to 20cm soil layer; water and fertilizer regulation and disease prevention and control during the growth period, topdressing potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate 20kg / mu) during the root expansion period (60-80 days after sowing). Harvest the mother roots 110 days after sowing, the harvesting standard is that the root diameter reaches 12-15cm, the vertical diameter ≤8cm, and the shape is close to oblate;

[0034] S2. Remove the forked, deformed and diseased mother roots, and then measure the individuals with a transverse to longitudinal ratio of >1.5:1 and cut off the lower 1 / 3 of the fibrous roots as the planting mother roots, and carry out wide and narrow row planting. The specific wide and narrow row planting is 70cm wide and 45cm narrow. In addition, lay a degradable fiber net 10-15cm below the planting row and bury a slow-release fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizer is NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=10-20-20.

[0035] S3. Remove non-oblate plants, weak plants and weeds during the budding stage; then add beehives for bee pollination during the flowering period, and carry out water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control throughout the growing period.

[0036] S4. When the seed pods turn yellow-brown, harvest them once in the early morning before the dew dries up to prevent the seeds from falling. After harvesting, hang the seed plants upside down in a ventilated and dry place for 7 days to promote seed ripening. Then use mechanical threshing to dry the seeds with hot air circulation at 40°C to a moisture content of ≤8%. After drying, use a 3.0mm aperture sieve to select and retain full seeds with a thousand-grain weight of ≥3.2g. Finally, seal them with aluminum foil bags and store them in a cold storage at 2°C with a relative humidity of ≤30% to obtain Buleuk seeds. The seeds and mother roots in the planting process of this embodiment are as follows. Figure 1 shown.

[0037] The seeds (200 g / bag) produced in this example were sent for inspection according to GB / T3543-1995; the results showed that the purity was 96.8%, the germination rate was 99%, and the moisture content was 7.1%.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A method for cultivating seeds using Prueck's mother root, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1. Select the oblate genotype Buliuk seeds, soak them in 50℃ warm water for 20min, then soak them in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 25min, rinse them with clean water and dry them; then germinate them at 25℃ for 36h, and sow them after the seeds turn white; sow them in early spring at the end of March (average daily temperature 10-15℃), with a row spacing of 45cm and a plant spacing of 25cm; apply 3 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=15-15-15) 50kg, deep plowing to 20cm soil layer; water and fertilizer regulation and disease prevention and control during the growth period, topdressing potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate 20kg / mu) during the root expansion period (60-80 days after sowing). Harvest the mother roots 120 days after sowing, the harvesting standard is that the root diameter reaches 12-15cm, the vertical diameter ≤8cm, and the shape is close to oblate;

[0041] S2. Remove the forked, deformed and diseased mother roots, and then measure the individuals with a transverse to longitudinal ratio of >1.5:1 and cut off the lower 1 / 3 of the fibrous roots as the planting mother roots, and carry out wide and narrow row planting. The specific wide and narrow row planting is 60cm wide and 45cm narrow. In addition, lay a degradable fiber net 10-15cm below the planting row and bury slow-release fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizer is NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=10-20-20.

[0042] S3. Remove non-oblate plants, weak plants and weeds during the budding stage; then add beehives for bee pollination during the flowering period, and carry out water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control throughout the growing period.

[0043] S4. When the seed pods turn yellow-brown, harvest them once in the early morning before the dew dries up to prevent the seeds from falling. After harvesting, hang the seed plants upside down in a ventilated and dry place for 7 days to promote seed ripening. Then use mechanical threshing to dry the grains at 40°C with hot air circulation to a moisture content of ≤8%. After drying, use a 3.0mm aperture sieve to select and retain full seeds with a thousand-grain weight ≥3.2g. Finally, seal them in aluminum foil bags and store them in a cold storage at 0°C with a relative humidity of ≤30% to obtain Buleuk seeds.

[0044] The seeds (200 g / bag) produced in this example were sent for inspection according to GB / T3543-1995; the results showed that the purity was 98.2%, the germination rate was 98%, and the moisture content was 7.2%.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A method for cultivating seeds using Prueck's mother root, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1. Select the oblate genotype Buliuk seeds, soak them in 49°C warm water for 28 minutes, then soak them in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 minutes, rinse them with clean water and dry them; then germinate them at 28°C for 24 hours, and sow them after the seeds turn white; sow them in early spring at the end of March (average daily temperature 10-15°C), with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 22 cm; apply 3 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=15-15-15) 50kg, deep plowing to 20cm soil layer; water and fertilizer regulation and disease prevention and control during the growth period, topdressing potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate 20kg / mu) during the root expansion period (60-80 days after sowing). Harvest the mother roots 100 days after sowing, the harvesting standard is that the root diameter reaches 12-15cm, the vertical diameter ≤8cm, and the shape is close to oblate;

[0048] S2. Remove the forked, deformed and diseased mother roots, and then measure the individuals with a transverse to longitudinal ratio of >1.5:1 and cut off the lower 1 / 3 of the fibrous roots as the planting mother roots. Carry out wide and narrow row planting at the end of March in spring. The specific wide and narrow row planting is 60cm wide and 45cm narrow. Lay a degradable fiber net 10-15cm below the planting row and bury a slow-release fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizer is NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 10-20-20. Spraying chitosan-alginate liquid film (thickness 0.05 mm) forms a breathable and water-proof layer on the ground surface, which can reduce evaporation by 30% and inhibit weed germination.

[0049] S3. Remove non-oblate plants, weak plants and weeds during the budding stage; then add beehives for bee pollination during the flowering period, and carry out water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control throughout the growing period.

[0050] S4. When the seed pods turn yellow-brown, harvest them once in the early morning before the dew dries up to prevent the seeds from falling. After harvesting, hang the seed plants upside down in a ventilated and dry place for 7 days to promote seed ripening. Then use mechanical threshing to dry the grains at 40°C with hot air circulation to a moisture content of ≤8%. After drying, use a 3.0mm aperture sieve to select and retain full seeds with a thousand-grain weight ≥3.2g. Finally, seal them in aluminum foil bags and store them in a cold storage at 0°C with a relative humidity of ≤30% to obtain Buleuk seeds.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] A method for cultivating seeds using Prueck's mother root, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0053] S1. Select the oblate genotype Buliuk seeds, soak them in 46°C warm water for 30 minutes, then soak them in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 minutes, rinse them with clean water and dry them; then germinate them at 25°C for 48 hours, and sow them after the seeds turn white; sow them in early spring at the end of March (average daily temperature 10-15°C), with a row spacing of 45 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm; apply 3 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer + compound fertilizer (NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O=15-15-15) 50kg, deep plowing to 20cm soil layer; water and fertilizer regulation and disease prevention and control during the growth period, topdressing potassium fertilizer (potassium sulfate 20kg / mu) during the root expansion period (60-80 days after sowing). Harvest the mother roots 100 days after sowing, the harvesting standard is that the root diameter reaches 12-15cm, the vertical diameter ≤8cm, and the shape is close to oblate;

[0054] S2. Remove the forked, deformed and diseased mother roots, and then measure the individuals with a transverse to longitudinal ratio of >1.5:1 and cut off the lower 1 / 3 of the fibrous roots as the planting mother roots, and carry out wide and narrow row planting. The specific wide and narrow row planting is 60cm wide and 45cm narrow. In addition, lay a degradable fiber net 10-15cm below the planting row and bury slow-release fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizer is NP 2 O 5 -K 2 O = 10-20-20. Spraying chitosan-alginate liquid film (thickness 0.05 mm) forms a breathable and water-proof layer on the ground surface, which can reduce evaporation by 30% and inhibit weed germination.

[0055] S3. Remove non-oblate plants, weak plants and weeds during the budding stage; then add beehives for bee pollination during the flowering period, and carry out water and fertilizer management and pest and disease control throughout the growing period.

[0056] S4. When the seed pods turn yellow-brown, harvest them once in the early morning before the dew dries up to prevent the seeds from falling. After harvesting, hang the seed plants upside down in a ventilated and dry place for 7 days to promote seed ripening. Then use mechanical threshing to dry the grains at 40°C with hot air circulation to a moisture content of ≤8%. After drying, use a 3.0mm aperture sieve to select and retain full seeds with a thousand-grain weight ≥3.2g. Finally, seal them in aluminum foil bags and store them in a cold storage at 0°C with a relative humidity of ≤30% to obtain Buleuk seeds.

[0057] The seeds retained in the embodiment of the present application are used for seedling raising and planting, and the proportion of oblate brooks is counted after maturity, wherein the target for F1 generation is ≥70%; and the target for F3 generation is ≥95%, and the genetic stability is enhanced. The qualified rate of oblate brooks is 20-40% higher than that of traditional seed direct seeding.

[0058] To sum up, one of the embodiments of the present application has the following advantages: the present application constructs a full-chain system covering "parent breeding-mother root optimization and seed production", which solves the core problems of unstable traits, poor stress resistance and low seed production efficiency in traditional methods, and provides reliable technical support for the large-scale breeding of the Brueckner oblate variety.

[0059] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating seeds using Prueck's mother root, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, selecting oblate genotype Bruker seeds for pretreatment, sowing and growth, and then harvesting oblate tubers that meet the standards as mother roots; S2. After the mother roots are processed, they are planted in wide and narrow rows, and a degradable fiber net is laid under the planting row and a slow-release fertilizer is buried; S3. Remove weeds, assist pollination and control pests and diseases during flowering period; S4. Harvest when the seed pods turn yellow-brown, and carry out post-ripening, threshing, drying and storage to obtain puliuk seeds.

2. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment of the seeds in step S1 includes disinfecting and germinating the seeds, wherein the disinfection step is specifically: soaking the seeds in 45-52° C. warm water for 20-30 minutes, then soaking them in 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 15-25 minutes, rinsing with clean water and drying; the germination step is to keep the disinfected seeds at 25-28° C. for 24-48 hours.

3. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing temperature is 10-20°C; the sowing row spacing is 40-50cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25cm; water and fertilizer management and disease prevention and control are carried out during the growth period.

4. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing of the mother root in step S2 includes screening and cutting of the shape of the mother root; wherein the cutting processing specifically includes cutting off the lower 1 / 3 of the fibrous roots of the mother root.

5. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the degradable fiber mesh is laid 10-15 cm below the planting row.

6. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weeding in step S3 is to remove non-oblate plants, weak plants and weeds; the auxiliary pollination includes artificial pollination and the introduction of a bumblebee pollination system.

7. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-ripening in step S4 is specifically to hang the seed plants upside down in a ventilated and dry place for 5-7 days.

8. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying step in step S4 is specifically carried out by circulating hot air at 40° C. to dry the mixture to a moisture content of ≤8%.

9. The method for cultivating seeds using the Prueckner root according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage in step S4 is specifically sealed in an aluminum foil bag and stored in a cold storage at 0-2° C. with a relative humidity of ≤30%.

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