Leaf vegetable culture medium taking pepper seed meal as raw material and preparation method of leaf vegetable culture medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable culture media, and relates to a leaf vegetable culture medium with pepper seed meal as a raw material and a preparation method thereof.The leaf vegetable culture medium is prepared by mixing and stirring pepper seed meal leavening, regenerated old media, activated coco coir powder, bamboo fiber charcoal powder, modified diatomite, modified zeolite powder and an adhesive according to the mass ratio of (8-12): (4-8): (2-4): (1-3): (3-7): (1-3): (1-3); placing for 2-3 days in an environment with the humidity of 70-80% and the temperature of 40-50 DEG C, then drying until the water content is less than or equal to 8%, and sterilizing to obtain the leafy vegetable culture medium. The Chinese prickly ash seed meal is used as a main raw material, and combined with compound bacteria fermentation, old substrate regeneration, functional material modification and waste high-value treatment, the defects of an existing substrate in the aspects of environmental friendliness, nutrient release, recovery rate, water and fertilizer retention capacity and the like are systematically overcome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation substrates, and particularly relates to a leaf vegetable cultivation substrate using pepper seed meal as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The cultivation substrate originally originated from the concept of soilless cultivation, which is mainly used to replace soil to provide mechanical support and material supply for crops. The substrate helps crops absorb nutrient solution and oxygen by fixing plant roots, thereby promoting growth. However, the existing vegetable cultivation substrate has the following defects:

[0003] 1) The raw materials are non-renewable and have poor environmental protection. Traditional substrates mostly rely on non-renewable resources such as peat, peat and rock wool. The mining of peat and peat destroys the wetland ecology. Rock wool is non-degradable, has a heavy burden on the environment and is costly.

[0004] 2) The fermentation process is imperfect, the nutrient release is uneven, and the microbial species or proportions are single or improper in the conventional fermentation process, resulting in incomplete decomposition of organic matter, slow or uneven nutrient release in the matrix, low matrix fertilizer efficiency, and the need for additional fertilization. It is easy to breed pathogens and there is a risk of soil-borne diseases.

[0005] 3) The waste rate of old substrates is high, and resources are wasted seriously. In the existing technology, the cultivation substrate is usually discarded directly after use, occupying land and polluting the environment. Some recycling technologies only sterilize it simply without restoring its physical and chemical properties, resulting in low resource utilization and increased planting costs.

[0006] 4) Insufficient water and fertilizer retention capacity, requiring frequent management. The existing matrix has poor water retention and weak ion exchange capacity, requiring frequent irrigation and fertilization, increasing water and fertilizer consumption and high management costs.

[0007] 5) There is a lack of green recycling technology and insufficient resource integration. The treatment methods for agricultural waste (such as pepper seed meal and bamboo fiber) are single, and most of them are directly incinerated or landfilled. They are not converted into high value-added products, which aggravates environmental pollution and wastes resources.

[0008] Therefore, it is an urgent problem to provide a leafy vegetable cultivation substrate that is renewable, recyclable, has a high fertilizer utilization rate, and retains water and fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using pepper seed meal as raw material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1, crushing the pepper seed meal to a particle size of ≤5mm, the temperature is 110-130℃, the pressure is 0.15-0.3MPa, steam treatment is carried out for 23-25h, and then mixed with crop straw, edible fungus residue and composite fungus powder, adjusting the C / N to 25-30, the moisture content to 55%-65%, the temperature to 60-70℃, the fermentation period to 7-10 days, and after the fermentation is completed, mixing with perlite to obtain pepper seed meal fermentation product.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the pepper seed meal, crop straw, edible fungus residue, composite fungus powder and perlite is 70:30:1:15.

[0012] Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, oat straw and sorghum straw.

[0013] Preferably, the edible fungus residue is one or more of shiitake mushroom residue, oyster mushroom residue, straw mushroom residue, morel mushroom residue, hericium erinaceus residue and king oyster mushroom residue.

[0014] Preferably, the composite bacterial powder is Trichoderma powder, lactic acid bacteria powder and Bacillus subtilis powder, and the mass ratio is 1:2:1.

[0015] Step 2: crush coconut bran into 30-40 meshes, then mix with citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:5, soak at 50-60° C. for 2-3 hours, take out and dry at 75-85° C. until the moisture content is ≤10%, to obtain activated coconut bran powder.

[0016] Preferably, the mass fraction of the citric acid solution is 4%-6%.

[0017] Step three, crush the bamboo chips into 0.5-1cm particles, mix them with the enzymatic hydrolysis solution at a mass ratio of 1:5, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis at 50-60℃ for 6-8h. After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, filter and collect the filtrate for later use. Carbonize the filter residue and heat it to 600-700℃ at a heating rate of 10℃ / min. After reaching the target temperature, keep it warm for 1-2h. After taking it out, cool it to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20℃ / min, and crush it to 60-70 mesh to obtain bamboo fiber charcoal powder.

[0018] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis solution comprises cellulase, ligninase, pectinase and water in a mass ratio of 1:3:2:1000.

[0019] Step 4: mix diatomaceous earth and sodium bicarbonate solution in a mass ratio of 1:4, perform ultrasonic treatment at 40-50kHz for 20-30min, take out and roast at 300-400℃ for 2-3h, take out and cool to room temperature, and then crush to 70-80 mesh to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0020] Preferably, the mass fraction of the sodium bicarbonate solution is 3%-4%.

[0021] Step 5: crush the zeolite to 70-80 mesh, then soak it in sodium chloride solution for 23-25 ​​hours, and then calcine it at 500-600° C. for 1-2 hours to obtain modified zeolite powder.

[0022] Preferably, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 1 mol / L.

[0023] Step six, remove the remaining plant roots in the old substrate, then steam sterilize at 120-150°C for 30-40 minutes, then spray humic acid solution to a moisture content of 15-25%, and let it stand for 15-18 hours to regenerate the old substrate.

[0024] Preferably, the mass fraction of the humic acid solution is 0.1%-0.2%.

[0025] Step seven, mix the fermented pepper seed meal, the old matrix, the activated coconut bran powder and the bamboo fiber charcoal powder, stir at 60-90rpm for 10-15min, then add the modified diatomaceous earth and the modified zeolite powder, stir at 90-120rpm for 15-20min, then add the binder, and place it in an environment with a humidity of 70-80% and a temperature of 40-50℃ for 2-3 days, then dry it at 40-50℃ to a moisture content of ≤8%, and obtain the cultivation matrix after sterilization.

[0026] Preferably, the binder comprises sodium alginate, filtrate and water in a mass ratio of 1:10:40.

[0027] Preferably, the sterilization treatment is ultraviolet sterilization, with a wavelength of 250-260nm and an irradiation dose of 3000-3500μW·s / cm 2 .

[0028] Preferably, the mass ratio of the fermented Zanthoxylum bungeanum meal, regenerated old matrix, activated coconut bran powder, bamboo fiber charcoal powder, modified diatomaceous earth, modified zeolite powder and binder is (8-12):(4-8):(2-4):(1-3):(3-7):(1-3):(1-3).

[0029] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] (1) The present invention uses pepper seed meal as the main raw material, combined with crop straw, edible fungus residue and other wastes to replace non-renewable materials, and through the synergistic fermentation of composite bacterial powder, efficiently decomposes lignin and cellulose, releases organic acids and small molecular peptides, improves matrix nutrients, reduces raw material costs, and reduces environmental pollution.

[0031] (2) The Trichoderma in the composite bacterial powder decomposes lignin, lactic acid bacteria inhibit pathogens, and Bacillus subtilis promotes cellulose degradation. The three synergistically significantly improve the decomposition rate of organic matter, uniformly release the initial nutrients of the matrix, and reduce the frequency of additional fertilization.

[0032] (3) The present invention uses steam sterilization combined with humic acid solution to activate and recycle old substrates. Humic acid repairs the pore structure and enhances the cation exchange capacity, significantly improving the regeneration rate of old substrates and significantly reducing planting costs.

[0033] (4) The present invention adds modified diatomaceous earth (ultrasound-calcination treatment) and modified zeolite powder (sodium chloride activation), which significantly improves the porosity and cation exchange capacity of the matrix and enhances the water and fertilizer retention capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 These are the vegetables grown in Experimental Example 2. On the left: the vegetables grown in Treatment 1, and on the right: the vegetables grown in Treatment 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Step 1: crush the pepper seed meal to a particle size of ≤5mm, steam for 24h at 120℃ and 0.2MPa, then mix with corn stalks, mushroom residue and composite bacterial powder, adjust C / N to 30, moisture content to 60%, temperature to 65℃, ferment for 8 days, mix with perlite after fermentation to obtain pepper seed meal fermentation. The mass ratio of pepper seed meal, corn stalks, mushroom residue, composite bacterial powder and perlite is 70:30:1:15. The composite bacterial powder is Trichoderma powder, lactic acid bacteria powder and Bacillus subtilis powder, with a mass ratio of 1:2:1.

[0039] Step 2: crush the coconut bran into 35 meshes, then mix it with 5% by mass citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:5, soak it at 55° C. for 2.5 hours, take it out and dry it at 80° C. to a moisture content of ≤10%, to obtain activated coconut bran powder.

[0040] Step 3: crush the bamboo pieces into 0.5-1cm particles, mix them with the enzymatic solution at a mass ratio of 1:5, enzymatically hydrolyze at 55°C for 7h, filter after the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, collect the filtrate for later use, carbonize the filter residue, heat it to 650°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min, keep it warm for 1.5h after reaching the target temperature, take it out and cool it to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20°C / min, crush it to 65 mesh, and obtain bamboo fiber charcoal powder. The enzymatic solution includes cellulase, ligninase, pectinase and water, with a mass ratio of 1:3:2:1000.

[0041] Step 4: mix diatomite and 3% sodium bicarbonate solution in a mass ratio of 1:4, perform ultrasonic treatment at 50kHz for 25 minutes, take out and roast at 350°C for 2.5 hours, take out and cool to room temperature, and then crush to 75 mesh to obtain modified diatomite.

[0042] Step 5: crush the zeolite into 75 mesh, then soak it in 1 mol / L sodium chloride solution for 24 hours, and then calcine it at 550° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain modified zeolite powder.

[0043] Step six, remove the plant roots remaining in the old substrate, then steam sterilize at 130° C. for 35 minutes, then spray 0.2% by mass humic acid solution to a moisture content of 20%, and let it stand for 16 hours to regenerate the old substrate.

[0044] Step 7: Mix the fermented pepper seed meal, old matrix, activated coconut bran powder and bamboo fiber charcoal powder, stir at 90rpm for 10min, add modified diatomaceous earth and modified zeolite powder, stir at 120rpm for 20min, then add binder, place at 75% humidity and 45℃ for 2 days, then dry at 45℃ to a moisture content of ≤8%, wavelength 254nm, irradiation dose 3200μW·s / cm 2 After ultraviolet irradiation for 5 minutes, the cultivation matrix is ​​obtained. The mass ratio of the fermented pepper seed meal, the regenerated old matrix, the activated coconut bran powder, the bamboo fiber carbon powder, the modified diatomaceous earth, the modified zeolite powder and the binder is 10:6:3:2:5:2:2. The binder includes sodium alginate, filtrate and water in a mass ratio of 1:10:40.

[0045] Test Example 1

[0046] In this test example, health-care lettuce was used as the experimental crop, and two groups of experiments were set up. Treatment 1: Use the vegetable cultivation matrix prepared in Example 1. Treatment 2: Refer to "Encyclopedia of Soilless Cultivation Technology of Organic Vegetables", published by Chemical Industry Press, written by Pei Xiaobo, to prepare the lettuce cultivation matrix, and repeat five times in each group. Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 only differ in the cultivation matrix, and other management methods are the same, such as water management, fertilizer management, and pest and disease control methods, all of which refer to "Encyclopedia of Soilless Cultivation Technology of Organic Vegetables". After the cultivation was completed, the lettuce was sent to the local testing agency for testing of vitamin C content and chlorophyll content. During the planting process, the yield, matrix water retention, fertilizer utilization rate, disease incidence rate and old matrix recovery rate were respectively counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0047] Table 1

[0048] Process 1 Process 2 Yield (g / pot) 543 339 Vitamin C content (mg / 100g) 48.7 32.2 Chlorophyll content (SPAD value) 63.9 47.0 Water retention (water holding capacity%) 88.1 65.4 Fertilizer utilization rate (%) 69.6 52.5 Disease incidence (%) 4.8 12.2 Recovery rate of old matrix (%) 95.2 47.5

[0049] It can be seen from Table 1 that the vegetable cultivation substrate prepared by the present invention can significantly increase the yield of lettuce and the vitamin C content and chlorophyll content in the leaves, significantly improve the quality of lettuce, and significantly improve the fertilizer utilization rate and the recovery rate of old substrates, and reduce the incidence of diseases compared to traditional cultivation substrates. Therefore, the cultivation substrate prepared by the present invention is significantly better than the existing cultivation substrate.

[0050] Test Example 2

[0051] In this test example, rapeseed (green vegetables) was used as the experimental crop, and two groups of experiments were set up. Treatment 1: Use the vegetable cultivation matrix prepared in Example 1. Treatment 2: Refer to "Encyclopedia of Soilless Cultivation Technology of Organic Vegetables", published by Chemical Industry Press, written by Pei Xiaobo, to prepare the rapeseed cultivation matrix, with five replicates in each group. Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 only differ in the cultivation matrix, and other management methods are the same, such as water management, fertilizer management, and pest and disease control methods, all of which refer to "Encyclopedia of Soilless Cultivation Technology of Organic Vegetables". After the cultivation was completed, the yield was measured and the vegetables were sent to the local testing agency to test the vitamin C content and nitrate content. During the planting process, the yield, matrix water retention, fertilizer utilization rate, disease incidence rate and old matrix recovery rate were respectively counted. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2

[0053] Process 1 Process 2 Yield (g / pot) 590 323 Vitamin C content (mg / 100g) 22.9 15.7 Nitrate content (mg / kg value) 277 366 Water retention (water holding capacity%) 85.1 67.3 Fertilizer utilization rate (%) 67.5 51.8 Disease incidence (%) 2.5 9.3 Recovery rate of old matrix (%) 95.2 47.5

[0054] As shown in Table 2, the vegetable cultivation substrate prepared by the present invention can significantly increase the yield of green vegetables and the content of vitamin C in the leaves, significantly reduce the nitrate content of green vegetables, and significantly improve the quality of green vegetables compared with the traditional cultivation substrate. In addition, the present invention can significantly increase the fertilizer utilization rate and the recovery rate of the old substrate, and reduce the incidence of diseases compared with the traditional cultivation substrate. Therefore, the cultivation substrate prepared by the present invention is significantly better than the existing cultivation substrate.

[0055] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using prickly ash seed meal as raw material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: crushing the pepper seed meal, steam sterilizing it, mixing it with crop straw, edible fungus residue and composite fungus powder for fermentation, and mixing it with perlite after the fermentation is completed to obtain the pepper seed meal fermentation product; Step 2: After the cultivation substrate is used, it is the old substrate. The plant roots remaining in the old substrate are removed, and after steam sterilization, humic acid solution is sprayed to a moisture content of 15-25%, and the old substrate is left to stand for 15-18 hours to regenerate the old substrate; Step 3, mixing and stirring the fermented pepper seed meal, the old matrix, the activated coconut bran powder and the bamboo fiber carbon powder, then adding the modified diatomaceous earth and the modified zeolite powder, continuing to stir, and finally adding the binder, and placing it in an environment of humidity 70-80% and temperature 40-50° C. for 2-3 days, and then drying it to a moisture content of ≤8%, and sterilizing it to obtain a leafy vegetable cultivation matrix; The mass ratio of the fermented pepper seed meal, the regenerated old matrix, the activated coconut bran powder, the bamboo fiber carbon powder, the modified diatomaceous earth, the modified zeolite powder and the binder is (8-12):(4-8):(2-4):(1-3):(3-7):(1-3):(1-3).

2. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using prickly ash seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the pepper seed meal, crop straw, edible fungus residue, composite fungus powder and perlite in step 1 is 70:30:1:

15.

3. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using prickly ash seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite bacterial powder in step 1 is Trichoderma powder, lactic acid bacteria powder and Bacillus subtilis powder, and the mass ratio is 1:2:

1.

4. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using pepper seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the humic acid solution in step 2 is 0.1%-0.2%.

5. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using pepper seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the activated coconut bran powder in step 3 is as follows: the coconut bran is crushed into 30-40 meshes, then mixed with a citric acid solution at a mass ratio of 1:5, soaked at 50-60° C. for 2-3 hours, and then taken out and dried at 75-85° C. to a moisture content of ≤10%, thereby obtaining the activated coconut bran powder.

6. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using prickly ash seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the bamboo fiber charcoal powder described in step three is to crush the bamboo pieces into 0.5-1 cm particles, mix them with the enzymatic hydrolysis solution at a mass ratio of 1:5, enzymatically hydrolyze them at 50-60°C for 6-8 hours, filter them after the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, collect the filtrate for later use, carbonize the filter residue at 600-700°C, cool it to room temperature, and crush it to obtain bamboo fiber charcoal powder.

7. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using pepper seed meal as raw material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The binder in step three includes sodium alginate, filtrate and water in a mass ratio of 1:10:

40.

8. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using pepper seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified diatomite is as follows: diatomite and sodium bicarbonate solution are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:4, calcined at 300-400°C for 2-3h after ultrasonic treatment, taken out and cooled to room temperature, and crushed to obtain the modified diatomite.

9. The method for preparing a leafy vegetable cultivation medium using pepper seed meal as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified zeolite powder is as follows: pulverizing the zeolite, then soaking it in a sodium chloride solution for 23-25 ​​hours, and calcining it at 500-600° C. for 1-2 hours to obtain the modified zeolite powder.

10. The leafy vegetable cultivation substrate prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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