Fruit tree root exudates extraction device and extraction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a fruit tree root exudates extraction device and an extraction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of fruit tree root exudates extraction.The device comprises a culture box, a partition plate is installed on the inner wall of the culture box, and a set of culture holes are formed in the upper surface of the partition plate; by means of the arranged extraction assembly, root exudates of fruit trees cultivated in the incubator can be extracted, electrode slices are arranged in the incubator to apply an electric field, the physiological state of the root systems of the fruit trees can be effectively changed, the metabolic activity of the root systems is promoted, and the effect of increasing the secretion amount of the exudates is achieved; due to the electrophoresis effect of the electric field, the secretions can be easily separated from the surface of the root system and rapidly enter a nutrient solution, the extraction efficiency and quality can be improved, the parameters of the electric field can be optimized according to the types of fruit trees and complex experiment conditions, different requirements can be accurately met, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. And a good effect of efficiently and accurately extracting root exudates of various fruit trees under different conditions is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree root secretion extraction, in particular to a fruit tree root secretion extraction device and an extraction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fruit trees refer to woody plants that can provide edible fruits or seeds, and occupy an important position in the agricultural economy and ecological environment. Fruit tree root secretions are a series of substances actively or passively released by the fruit tree roots into the surrounding environment, including sugars, amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, etc. The extraction of fruit tree root secretions is of great significance. By analyzing its composition and content changes, we can have a deep understanding of the growth status of fruit trees, nutrient absorption mechanism, and interaction with soil microorganisms. This is extremely critical to optimizing fruit tree cultivation management and improving fruit yield and quality. An extraction device is required when extracting fruit tree root secretions.

[0003] However, the existing fruit tree root secretion extraction device still has certain defects when in use. The extraction method of the existing fruit tree root secretion extraction device is inefficient, and the extraction method cannot change the physiological state of the root system, resulting in a small amount of root secretions, which is difficult to meet the demand for sufficient secretions for in-depth research. There is a lack of effective means to cause the secretions to separate from the root surface. The secretions are retained on the root surface, and the proportion of entering the nutrient solution is low, which greatly affects the extraction efficiency and extraction quality. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a fruit tree root secretion extraction device and an extraction method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the shortcomings of the prior art and to provide a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees and a method for extracting root secretions of fruit trees. The device can change the physiological state of the roots by applying a specific electric field by setting electrodes on the inner wall of the incubator, thereby promoting root metabolic activities and increasing the amount of secretions. The electrophoretic effect of the electric field is utilized to make it easier for the secretions to separate from the root surface and enter the nutrient solution, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the extraction quality. The electric field settings can be optimized according to the fruit tree species and experimental conditions through adjustable electric field parameters and a matching monitoring and feedback system, thereby achieving the effect of improving the versatility and accuracy of the extraction method.

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees, the device comprising an incubator, a partition is installed on the inner wall of the incubator, a group of culture holes are opened on the upper surface of the partition, two groups of clamping components are installed on the upper surface of the partition, and the clamping components are adapted to the culture holes, two electrode sheets are installed on the inner wall of the incubator, an electric field generating controller is installed on the front of the incubator, and the electric field generating controller is electrically connected to the electrode sheets through wires, a voltage sensor and a current sensor are installed on the inner bottom wall of the incubator, and an extraction component is installed on the outer surface of the incubator.

[0006] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes a fixed plate installed on the upper surface of the partition, the outer surface of the fixed plate is slidably connected with a pull rod, the end of the pull rod is installed with a pull ring, the end of the pull rod away from the pull ring is installed with a clamping frame, the inner wall of the clamping frame is installed with a group of protective strips, and a spring is installed between the clamping frame and the fixed plate.

[0007] Furthermore, two guide cylinders are installed on the outer surface of the fixing plate, the inner walls of the two guide cylinders are slidably connected with guide rods, and one end of the guide rod away from the guide cylinder is connected to the clamping frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the extraction component includes an extraction box installed on the outer surface of the incubator, a box cover is installed on the upper surface of the extraction box, and a coarse filter screen, a fine filter screen and a nanofiber filter membrane are installed on the inner wall of the extraction box.

[0009] Furthermore, a water pump is fixedly embedded on the outer surface of the extraction box, the input end of the water pump is fixedly connected to a water pump pipe, and the end of the water pump pipe away from the water pump is connected to the interior of the extraction box, and the outer surface of the extraction box is fixedly connected to a return pipe, and the top of the return pipe is connected to the interior of the incubator.

[0010] A method for extracting root secretions of fruit trees, applicable to the above-mentioned device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees, comprises the following steps: Preliminary preparation: According to the type of fruit tree to be studied, select the appropriate culture matrix and nutrient solution formula, fill the culture matrix into the culture well in the incubator, and then inject the prepared nutrient solution into the incubator so that the nutrient solution covers the matrix in the culture well. Select healthy fruit tree seedlings with intact root systems, fix the fruit tree seedlings with the clamping assembly, and set the initial electric field parameters on the electric field generation controller, including voltage, current and frequency; Extraction process: Turn on the electric field generation controller to make the electrode sheet generate an electric field in the incubator, and start the water pump at the same time. The water pump pumps the nutrient solution containing root secretions into the extraction box. The nutrient solution is filtered through the coarse filter, fine filter and nanofiber filter membrane in turn. The nanofiber filter membrane intercepts the root secretions. The filtered nutrient solution flows back to the incubator through the reflux pipe. During the extraction process, the voltage sensor and the current sensor monitor the voltage and current data of the electric field in real time and feed them back to the electric field generation controller. If the monitoring data deviates from the preset parameters, the electric field generation controller automatically adjusts the electric field parameters. Post-processing: After the set extraction time, turn off the water pump and the electric field generating controller, open the cover of the extraction box, take out the nanofiber filter membrane, and identify the components and determine the content of the root secretions retained on the nanofiber filter membrane.

[0011] Furthermore, in the preliminary preparation step, the selected fruit tree seedlings are disinfected, specifically by soaking the roots of the fruit tree seedlings in a diluted carbendazim solution for 15-20 minutes and then rinsing them with clean water.

[0012] Furthermore, in the extraction process step, the temperature and pH data of the nutrient solution in the incubator are recorded every 2-4 hours. If the temperature exceeds the range suitable for fruit tree growth and the pH deviates from the set value, the environmental conditions of the incubator are adjusted in time.

[0013] Furthermore, in the post-processing step, the analyzed nanofiber filter membrane is cleaned and disinfected. The cleaning is repeated rinsing with deionized water for 3-5 times, and the disinfection is carried out by high temperature and high pressure steam sterilization at 121°C and 0.1MPa for 20-30 minutes.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the fruit tree root secretion extraction device and the extraction method thereof have the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention uses the coordinated arrangement of an incubator, a partition, a culture hole, a clamping component, an electrode sheet, an electric field generating controller, a voltage sensor, a current sensor and an extraction component. By using the arranged extraction component, the root secretions of the fruit trees cultivated inside the incubator can be extracted. The electrode sheets are arranged inside the incubator to apply an electric field, which can effectively change the physiological state of the roots of the fruit trees, promote the metabolic activity of the roots, and increase the secretion amount of the secretions, thereby providing a guarantee for obtaining sufficient secretions. The electrophoretic effect of the electric field can allow the secretions to easily detach from the root surface and quickly enter the nutrient solution, thereby improving the extraction efficiency and quality. The electric field parameters can be optimized according to the type of fruit tree and complex experimental conditions, and can be accurately adapted to different needs, so as to achieve good results of efficiently and accurately extracting root secretions from various fruit trees under different conditions.

[0015] 2. The present invention The present invention cooperates with an incubator, an extraction box, a box cover, a coarse filter, a fine filter, a nanofiber filter membrane, a water pump, a water suction pipe and a reflux pipe. The water pump can draw the nutrient solution and root secretions inside the incubator into the extraction box through the water suction pipe. The coarse filter can intercept larger impurities in the nutrient solution to prevent the larger impurities from entering the subsequent filtration link. The fine filter can further filter out smaller suspended impurities and some microorganisms. The nanofiber filter membrane can filter and extract the root secretions. By opening the box cover, the nanofiber filter membrane can be easily taken out and the secretions filtered on the nanofiber filter membrane can be subsequently processed.

[0016] 3. Through the coordinated arrangement of the incubator, partitions, culture holes, fixing plates, pull rods, pull rings, clamping frames, protective strips, springs, guide cylinders and guide rods, when the device is used to cultivate fruit trees, first pull the two pull rings outside the culture holes outward, the pull rings can drive the pull rods and the clamping frames to move, and can compress the springs. After the cultivated fruit trees are placed inside the culture holes, the two pull rods are released, and the two clamping frames can be reset under the elastic force of the springs, so that the fruit tree seedlings can be clamped between the two clamping frames, which can facilitate the clamping and positioning of the fruit tree seedlings and ensure the stable growth of the fruit tree seedlings.

[0017] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a culture box in a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a clamping component in a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an extraction component in a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of an extraction box in a device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees; Figure 6 The present invention is a schematic diagram of a process for extracting root exudates of fruit trees.

[0020] In the figure: 1. incubator; 2. partition; 3. incubator hole; 4. clamping assembly; 401. fixing plate; 402. pull rod; 403. pull ring; 404. clamping frame; 405. protective strip; 406. spring; 407. guide cylinder; 408. guide rod; 5. electrode sheet; 6. electric field generating controller; 7. voltage sensor; 8. current sensor; 9. extraction assembly; 901. extraction box; 902. box cover; 903. coarse filter; 904. fine filter; 905. nanofiber filter membrane; 906. water pump; 907. water pump pipe; 908. reflux pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0022] Embodiment 1 See also Figure 1-Figure 6 A device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees comprises an incubator 1, a partition 2 is installed on the inner wall of the incubator 1, a group of culture holes 3 are opened on the upper surface of the partition 2, two groups of clamping components 4 are installed on the upper surface of the partition 2, and the clamping components 4 are adapted to the culture holes 3, two electrode sheets 5 are installed on the inner wall of the incubator 1, an electric field generating controller 6 is installed on the front of the incubator 1, and the electric field generating controller 6 is electrically connected to the electrode sheets 5 through a wire, a voltage sensor 7 and a current sensor 8 are installed on the inner bottom wall of the incubator 1, and an extraction component 9 is installed on the outer surface of the incubator 1.

[0023] The partition 2 fits tightly to the inner wall of the incubator 1, dividing the interior of the incubator 1 into two layers, the openings 3 on the upper surface of the partition 2 are evenly distributed in two rows, and two electrode sheets 5 are respectively installed on the inner walls of the incubator 1 on both sides opposite to each other. They are made of platinum-iridium alloy and have good conductivity and corrosion resistance. The electric field generating controller 6 is installed on the operation panel on the front of the incubator 1 and is connected to the electrode sheet 5 through a shielded wire, which effectively reduces external electromagnetic interference. The voltage sensor 7 and the current sensor 8 are installed on the bottom wall of the incubator 1 near the electrode sheet 5, which can accurately monitor the real-time voltage and current data of the electric field.

[0024] Before extracting the root secretions of fruit trees, a cultivation matrix is ​​selected according to the type of fruit trees being studied and filled into the culture holes 3 in the culture box 1. The filling height is about 3 / 4 of the depth of the culture holes 3. A nutrient solution suitable for tree growth is prepared and slowly injected into the culture box 1. Fruit tree seedlings with strong growth, developed root systems and no diseases or insect pests are selected and stably clamped by the clamping assembly 4. The initial electric field parameters are set on the electric field generating controller 6. The electric field generating controller 6 is turned on and the electrode sheet 5 generates an electric field in the culture box 1. The electric field acts on the roots of the seedlings, changes their physiological state, promotes root metabolic activity, and increases the amount of secretions. At the same time, the electrophoresis is used to make the secretions quickly enter the nutrient solution. The root secretions are extracted by the extraction assembly 9. During the extraction process, the voltage sensor 7 and the current sensor 8 monitor the voltage and current data of the electric field in real time and feed the data back to the electric field generating controller 6. After the set extraction time, the extracted root secretions are identified and the content is determined.

[0025] The clamping assembly 4 includes a fixed plate 401 installed on the upper surface of the partition 2, and the outer surface of the fixed plate 401 is slidably connected to a pull rod 402, and a pull ring 403 is installed at the end of the pull rod 402, and a clamping frame 404 is installed at the end of the pull rod 402 away from the pull ring 403, and a group of protective strips 405 are installed on the inner wall of the clamping frame 404, and a spring 406 is installed between the clamping frame 404 and the fixed plate 401, and two guide cylinders 407 are installed on the outer surface of the fixed plate 401, and the inner walls of the two guide cylinders 407 are slidably connected to guide rods 408, and the end of the guide rod 408 away from the guide cylinder 407 is connected to the clamping frame 404.

[0026] In addition to screw fixation, sealant is also used for sealing between the fixed plate 401 and the partition 2 to prevent leakage of nutrient solution. The surface of the pull rod 402 is smoothed to reduce the friction between the fixed plate 401 and make the pulling operation easier. The surface of the pull ring 403 is designed with anti-slip texture to increase the friction between the operator's hand and the pull ring 403, making it easier to apply force. The semi-cylindrical structure of the clamping frame 404 is adapted to the curvature of the culture hole 3, and can better fit the roots of the seedlings. The silicone material of the protective strip 405 has a good buffering effect and can protect the roots of the seedlings from damage. The guide cylinder 407 and the guide rod 408 have higher matching accuracy. When the guide rod 408 slides in the guide cylinder 407, it ensures that the clamping frame 404 always remains stable during the movement without deviation.

[0027] When it is necessary to place the fruit tree seedlings, the operator holds the pull ring 403 and pulls it outward with even force. The pull rod 402 slides smoothly on the fixed plate 401, driving the clamping frame 404 to move outward. At this time, the spring 406 is compressed, and the guide rod 408 slides synchronously in the guide cylinder 407 to play a role of stable guidance. The selected fruit tree seedlings are carefully placed in the culture hole 3 so that the seedling roots are fully in contact with the nutrient solution and remain upright. The pull ring 403 is slowly released, and the spring 406 restores its elastic deformation. The elastic force generated pushes the clamping frame 404 to move toward the center of the culture hole 3 until the seedling roots are stably clamped. In the subsequent electric field application and nutrient solution circulation extraction process, the clamping assembly 4 always remains stable, and the fixing effect of the seedlings will not be affected by factors such as the electric field, nutrient solution flow or equipment vibration, providing a stable growth environment for the seedlings and ensuring the normal secretion of root secretions and the smooth progress of extraction.

[0028] The extraction component 9 includes an extraction box 901 installed on the outer surface of the incubator 1, a box cover 902 is installed on the upper surface of the extraction box 901, a coarse filter screen 903, a fine filter screen 904 and a nanofiber filter membrane 905 are installed on the inner wall of the extraction box 901, a water pump 906 is fixedly embedded on the outer surface of the extraction box 901, the input end of the water pump 906 is fixedly connected to a water pump pipe 907, and the end of the water pump pipe 907 away from the water pump 906 is connected to the interior of the extraction box 901, and the outer surface of the extraction box 901 is fixedly connected to a return pipe 908, and the top of the return pipe 908 is connected to the interior of the incubator 1.

[0029] The material of the extraction box 901 is high-strength transparent plastic, which can not only withstand a certain pressure, but also facilitate the observation of the internal filtration situation. The coarse filter 903 is made of stainless steel and can effectively intercept larger impurities. The fine filter 904 is made of polyester fiber to further filter impurities. The nanofiber filter membrane 905 has a high efficiency in intercepting root secretions. The power of the water pump 906 can be adjusted according to actual needs. By adjusting the working frequency of the water pump 906, the flow rate of the nutrient solution in the water pump 907 can be changed between 4-8L / h. The return pipe 908 is equipped with a flow regulating valve at the part entering the incubator 1, which can control the flow rate of the return nutrient solution so that it is evenly distributed in the incubator 1.

[0030] After the fruit tree seedlings are fixed and the electric field parameters are set, the electric field generating controller 6 and the water pump 906 are turned on, and the water pump 906 starts to work, and the nutrient solution containing the peach root secretions in the incubator 1 is pumped into the extraction box 901 through the water pumping pipe 907. The nutrient solution first impacts the coarse filter 903, and larger impurities such as soil particles and root debris are intercepted on the coarse filter 903. As the nutrient solution continues to rise, it passes through the fine filter 904, and the fine filter 904 filters out smaller suspended impurities and some microorganisms, so that the nutrient solution is further purified. Finally, The nanofiber filter membrane 905 intercepts the root secretions and only allows water molecules and a very small amount of small molecules to pass through. The filtered nutrient solution flows back to the incubator 1 through the reflux pipe 908. At the same time, according to the experimental requirements, the power of the water pump 906 can be adjusted in time to change the extraction and reflux speed of the nutrient solution to achieve the best extraction effect. When the set extraction time is reached, the electric field generating controller 6 and the water pump 906 are turned off, the box cover 902 of the extraction box 901 is opened, and the nanofiber filter membrane 905 is taken out for subsequent root secretion component identification and content determination.

[0031] Embodiment 2 See also Figure 6 This embodiment describes in detail the method and process of extracting root secretions using the above-mentioned device.

[0032] Preliminary preparation: According to the growth needs of the seedlings, choose a loose, breathable, and organic-rich cultivation matrix, such as a matrix mixed with vermiculite and peat soil in a 1:1 ratio. According to the special nutrient solution formula for fruit trees, prepare a nutrient solution containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other elements. Fill the cultivation matrix into the culture hole 3 in the incubator 1 to about 80% of the volume of the culture hole 3, and then slowly inject the prepared nutrient solution into the incubator 1 to cover the matrix in the culture hole 3, and keep the liquid level at about 2 / 3 of the height of the incubator 1.

[0033] Select saplings with healthy growth, intact root systems and no diseases or insect pests, soak the roots of the saplings in a 1000-fold diluted carbendazim solution for 15 minutes for disinfection, then rinse with clean water, pull the pull ring 403 to drive the pull rod 402 and the clamping frame 404 to move outward, compress the spring 406, put the sapling into the culture hole 3, let the root system naturally stretch in the nutrient solution, release the pull ring 403, and under the elastic force of the spring 406, the two clamping frames 404 are reset to stably clamp the sapling in the middle to ensure that the sapling remains upright and stable during the cultivation process.

[0034] The initial electric field parameters are set on the electric field generating controller 6, and the voltage, current and frequency of the electric field generating controller 6 are set according to the relevant research data of the seedlings and the results of the previous preliminary experiments.

[0035] Extraction process: turn on the electric field generating controller 6, the electrode sheet 5 generates an electric field in the incubator 1, the electric field acts on the roots of the seedlings, promotes root metabolism, increases the amount of secretions, and uses electrophoresis to make the secretions quickly enter the nutrient solution. At the same time, start the water pump 906, and the water pump 906 draws the nutrient solution containing root secretions into the extraction box 901 through the water pump pipe 907. The nutrient solution is filtered through the coarse filter 903, the fine filter 904 and the nanofiber filter membrane 905 in turn. The coarse filter 903 intercepts larger impurities, the fine filter 904 filters smaller suspended impurities and some microorganisms, and the nanofiber filter membrane 905 retains root secretions. The filtered nutrient solution flows back to the incubator 1 through the reflux pipe 908 at the same flow rate to form a cycle.

[0036] During the extraction process, the temperature and pH data of the nutrient solution in the incubator 1 are recorded every 2 hours using a temperature sensor and a pH sensor. The temperature range of the nutrient solution suitable for the growth of seedlings is 20-25°C, and the pH range is 6.0-7.0. If the temperature exceeds this range, it is adjusted by the heating or cooling device equipped in the incubator 1; if the pH deviates from the set value, an appropriate amount of acid or alkaline solution is added for adjustment to ensure that the seedlings grow in a stable environment and to ensure the normal secretion of root secretions.

[0037] The voltage sensor 7 and the current sensor 8 monitor the voltage and current data of the electric field in real time and feed back to the electric field generating controller 6. If the monitoring data deviates from the preset voltage and current by ±10%, the electric field generating controller 6 automatically adjusts the output to restore the electric field parameters to the set values, thereby ensuring the stability of the electric field and maintaining an efficient extraction effect.

[0038] Post-processing: After the set extraction time, turn off the water pump 906 and the electric field generating controller 6, open the box cover 902 of the extraction box 901, carefully take out the nanofiber filter membrane 905, and use high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify the components and determine the content of the root secretions retained on the nanofiber filter membrane 905, and analyze the types and contents of components such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids.

[0039] After the determination is completed, the nanofiber filter membrane 905 is cleaned and disinfected for the next use. When cleaning, the nanofiber filter membrane 905 is placed in deionized water and cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner for 3 times, each time for 10 minutes, and then repeatedly rinsed with deionized water for 3 times. The high-temperature and high-pressure steam sterilization method is used for disinfection. The nanofiber filter membrane 905 is placed in a high-pressure sterilizer and sterilized at 121°C and 0.1MPa for 25 minutes. After sterilization, it is dried and set aside.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees, characterized in that: The device comprises a culture box (1), wherein a partition (2) is installed on the inner wall of the culture box (1), a group of culture holes (3) are opened on the upper surface of the partition (2), two groups of clamping components (4) are installed on the upper surface of the partition (2), and the clamping components (4) are compatible with the culture holes (3), two electrode sheets (5) are installed on the inner wall of the culture box (1), an electric field generating controller (6) is installed on the front of the culture box (1), and the electric field generating controller (6) is electrically connected to the electrode sheets (5) through a wire, a voltage sensor (7) and a current sensor (8) are installed on the inner bottom wall of the culture box (1), and an extraction component (9) is installed on the outer surface of the culture box (1).

2. The device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (4) comprises a fixing plate (401) mounted on the upper surface of the partition (2); the outer surface of the fixing plate (401) is slidably connected to a pull rod (402); a pull ring (403) is mounted on the end of the pull rod (402); a clamping frame (404) is mounted on the end of the pull rod (402) away from the pull ring (403); a group of protective strips (405) are mounted on the inner wall of the clamping frame (404); and a spring (406) is mounted between the clamping frame (404) and the fixing plate (401).

3. The device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: Two guide cylinders (407) are installed on the outer surface of the fixing plate (401), and the inner walls of the two guide cylinders (407) are slidably connected to guide rods (408), and one end of the guide rod (408) away from the guide cylinder (407) is connected to the clamping frame (404).

4. The device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction assembly (9) comprises an extraction box (901) mounted on the outer surface of the culture box (1), a box cover (902) being mounted on the upper surface of the extraction box (901), and a coarse filter screen (903), a fine filter screen (904) and a nanofiber filter membrane (905) being mounted on the inner wall of the extraction box (901).

5. The device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 4, characterized in that: A water pump (906) is fixedly embedded on the outer surface of the extraction box (901); the input end of the water pump (906) is fixedly connected to a water pump pipe (907), and the end of the water pump pipe (907) away from the water pump (906) is connected to the interior of the extraction box (901); the outer surface of the extraction box (901) is fixedly connected to a return pipe (908), and the top end of the return pipe (908) is connected to the interior of the incubator (1).

6. The method for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 1, which is applicable to the device for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claims 1-5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Preliminary preparation: according to the type of fruit tree to be studied, select a suitable culture matrix and nutrient solution formula, fill the culture matrix into the culture hole (3) in the culture box (1), and then inject the prepared nutrient solution into the culture box (1) so that the nutrient solution covers the matrix in the culture hole (3), select healthy fruit tree seedlings with complete root system, fix the fruit tree seedlings by the clamping component (4), and set the initial electric field parameters on the electric field generating controller (6), including voltage, current and frequency; Extraction process: the electric field generating controller (6) is turned on to make the electrode sheet (5) generate an electric field in the incubator (1), and the water pump (906) is started at the same time. The water pump (906) draws the nutrient solution containing the root secretions into the extraction box (901). The nutrient solution is filtered through the coarse filter (903), the fine filter (904) and the nanofiber filter membrane (905) in sequence. The nanofiber filter membrane (905) intercepts the root secretions. The filtered nutrient solution flows back to the incubator (1) through the return pipe (908). During the extraction process, the voltage sensor (7) and the current sensor (8) monitor the voltage and current data of the electric field in real time and feed them back to the electric field generating controller (6). If the monitoring data deviates from the preset parameters, the electric field generating controller (6) automatically adjusts the electric field parameters. Post-processing: After the set extraction time has passed, the water pump (906) and the electric field generating controller (6) are turned off, the cover (902) of the extraction box (901) is opened, the nanofiber filter membrane (905) is taken out, and the root secretions retained on the nanofiber filter membrane (905) are identified and the content is measured.

7. The method for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the preliminary preparation step, the selected fruit tree seedlings are disinfected by soaking the roots of the fruit tree seedlings in a diluted carbendazim solution for 15-20 minutes and then rinsing them with clean water.

8. The method for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the extraction process, the temperature and pH data of the nutrient solution in the incubator (1) are recorded every 2-4 hours. If the temperature exceeds the range suitable for fruit tree growth or the pH deviates from the set value, the environmental conditions of the incubator (1) are adjusted in time.

9. The method for extracting root secretions of fruit trees according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the post-processing step, the analyzed nanofiber filter membrane (905) is cleaned and disinfected. The cleaning is repeated rinsing with deionized water for 3-5 times, and the disinfection is carried out by high temperature and high pressure steam sterilization at 121°C and 0.1MPa for 20-30 minutes.

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