Hybrid wheat breeding method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid wheat breeding, and particularly relates to a hybrid wheat breeding method which comprises the following steps: step 1, first-generation hybridization: A, parent breeding selection: taking out wheat seeds which survive well in a certain low-temperature environment for a certain time, taking a marker F1 of the wheat seeds as a male parent, and taking out high-yield wheat seeds as a female parent; b, selection of test fields: selecting a plurality of test fields with similar areas, environments, illumination ranges and illumination time, and the method has the beneficial effects that according to the hybrid wheat breeding method, the original seeds are hybridized with high-yield and good-disease-resistance seeds in sequence, the disease resistance and yield of the hybridized seeds can be improved, and the breeding efficiency is improved; meanwhile, multi-condition multi-generation planting contrast (simultaneous multi-generation planting contrast is needed due to the fact that the wheat planting period is long and the planting environment is different each time) is carried out subsequently, the seed production state during hybridization can be more highlighted, the period for finding high-quality hybrid seeds is shortened, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid wheat breeding, and in particular relates to a hybrid wheat breeding method. Background Art

[0002] Wheat has always been one of the traditional crop varieties planted in my country. People's lives cannot be separated from flour, and crop planting cannot be separated from wheat. However, yield has always been an important factor restricting its development. my country's wheat planting is mainly winter wheat, which survives the winter at low temperatures during the seedling stage. In order to ensure the survival rate and yield of the seedlings during the winter, a hybrid wheat is needed.

[0003] Some existing hybrid wheats have a long breeding cycle, high hybridization costs, and the disease resistance and yield of the hybrid wheat itself are still poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] To solve the problems raised in the above background technology, the present invention provides a hybrid wheat breeding method, which has the characteristics of shorter breeding cycle, lower cost, higher disease resistance and yield of wheat itself.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hybrid wheat breeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1, first generation hybridization: A. Parent breeding selection: Take out the wheat seeds that survive well in a certain low temperature environment for a certain period of time, and mark them as F1 as the father, and take out the high-yield wheat seeds as the mother;

[0007] B. Experimental field selection: select multiple experimental fields with similar area, environment, light range and light time, and plant F1 and mother parent in different experimental fields;

[0008] C. Artificial pollination growth: Before the wheat blooms, remove the stamens from the mother plant and use the pollen from F1 to pollinate the mother plant.

[0009] Step 2, second generation hybridization: A. Comparison of wheat yields and secondary cultivation of parents: observe and understand the yields of multiple groups of test fields, take seeds with better development at this time, and place them at low temperature and time for the second time. The wheat seeds with good conditions are still taken out as the male parent F2, and the wheat seeds with good disease resistance are taken as the female parent;

[0010] B. Repeat the test field selection and secondary artificial pollination: Plant F2, disease-resistant female parent and F1 in part of the test field. The test field is divided into two parts, in which the temperature can be controlled in some test fields, and the other conditions are similar. F2 is hybridized with the disease-resistant female parent;

[0011] C. Comparison of wheat yield and three-time cultivation of parents: Comparison of maternal wheat yields under F1 and F2 pollination at different temperatures, comparison of cold resistance of seeds at different stages, and taking out the better growing part of the maternal F2 hybrid as the paternal F3 for seed cultivation;

[0012] Step 3: Multi-generation hybridization: A. Experimental field selection and natural pollination: Four experimental fields with eight species were selected, and F3 and F2 were planted in the four experimental fields and allowed to pollinate naturally;

[0013] B. Compare wheat yields and repeat operations: Compare wheat production in each experimental field and conduct multiple generations of natural pollination operations in the future;

[0014] C. Select high-quality hybrid seeds after repeated generations: When the breeding yields under various conditions are similar, high-quality seeds can be produced.

[0015] Preferably, the low-temperature cultivation temperature for seeds in parent cultivation selection is 3-6 degrees, and the cultivation time is 7-10 hours.

[0016] Preferably, the four test fields in multi-generation hybridization are normal temperature with spraying of pesticides, normal temperature without spraying of pesticides, low temperature with spraying of pesticides, and low temperature without spraying of pesticides.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The present invention hybridizes original seeds with high-yield and disease-resistant seeds in sequence, which can improve the disease resistance and yield of the seeds after hybridization, and subsequently performs multi-condition and multi-generation planting controls (because the wheat planting cycle is long and the planting environment is different each time, it is necessary to perform multi-generation planting controls at the same time), which can better highlight the state of seed production during hybridization, shorten the cycle of finding high-quality hybrid seeds, and reduce the use of costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of first-generation hybridization in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the second generation hybridization in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the process of multi-generation hybridization in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] See also Figure 1-4 The present invention provides the following technical solution: a hybrid wheat breeding method, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step 1, first generation hybridization: A. Parent breeding selection: Take out the wheat seeds that survive well in a certain low temperature environment for a certain period of time, and mark them as F1 as the father, and take out the high-yield wheat seeds as the mother;

[0028] B. Experimental field selection: select multiple experimental fields with similar area, environment, light range and light time, and plant F1 and mother parent in different experimental fields;

[0029] C. Artificial pollination growth: Before the wheat blooms, remove the stamens from the mother plant and use the pollen from F1 to pollinate the mother plant.

[0030] Step 2, second generation hybridization: A. Comparison of wheat yields and secondary cultivation of parents: observe and understand the yields of multiple groups of test fields, take seeds with better development at this time, and place them at low temperature and time for the second time. The wheat seeds with good conditions are still taken out as the male parent F2, and the wheat seeds with good disease resistance are taken as the female parent;

[0031] B. Repeat the test field selection and secondary artificial pollination: Plant F2, disease-resistant female parent and F1 in part of the test field. The test field is divided into two parts, in which the temperature can be controlled in some test fields, and the other conditions are similar. F2 is hybridized with the disease-resistant female parent;

[0032] C. Comparison of wheat yield and three-time cultivation of parents: Comparison of maternal wheat yields under F1 and F2 pollination at different temperatures, comparison of cold resistance of seeds at different stages, and taking out the better growing part of the maternal F2 hybrid as the paternal F3 for seed cultivation;

[0033] Step 3: Multi-generation hybridization: A. Experimental field selection and natural pollination: Four experimental fields with eight species were selected, and F3 and F2 were planted in the four experimental fields and allowed to pollinate naturally;

[0034] B. Compare wheat yields and repeat operations: Compare wheat production in each experimental field and conduct multiple generations of natural pollination operations in the future;

[0035] C. Select high-quality hybrid seeds after repeated generations: When the breeding yields under various conditions are similar, high-quality seeds can be produced.

[0036] Specifically, in parent breeding selection, the low-temperature incubation temperature for seeds is 3-6 degrees, and the incubation time is 7-10 hours.

[0037] Specifically, the four types of experimental fields in multi-generation hybridization are normal temperature with pesticides, normal temperature without pesticides, low temperature with pesticides, and low temperature without pesticides.

[0038] The working principle and use process of the present invention:

[0039] Step 1, first generation hybridization: A. Parent breeding selection: Take out the wheat seeds that survive well in a certain low temperature environment for a certain period of time, and mark them as F1 as the father, and take out the high-yield wheat seeds as the mother;

[0040] B. Experimental field selection: select multiple experimental fields with similar area, environment, light range and light time, and plant F1 and mother parent in different experimental fields;

[0041] C. Artificial pollination growth: Before the wheat blooms, remove the stamens from the mother plant and use the pollen from F1 to pollinate the mother plant.

[0042] Step 2, second generation hybridization: A. Comparison of wheat yields and secondary cultivation of parents: observe and understand the yields of multiple groups of test fields, take seeds with better development at this time, and place them at low temperature and time for the second time. The wheat seeds with good conditions are still taken out as the male parent F2, and the wheat seeds with good disease resistance are taken as the female parent;

[0043] B. Repeat the test field selection and secondary artificial pollination: Plant F2, disease-resistant female parent and F1 in part of the test field. The test field is divided into two parts, in which the temperature can be controlled in some test fields, and the other conditions are similar. F2 is hybridized with the disease-resistant female parent;

[0044] C. Comparison of wheat yield and three-time cultivation of parents: Comparison of maternal wheat yields under F1 and F2 pollination at different temperatures, comparison of cold resistance of seeds at different stages, and taking out the better growing part of the maternal F2 hybrid as the paternal F3 for seed cultivation;

[0045] Step 3: Multi-generation hybridization: A. Experimental field selection and natural pollination: Four experimental fields with eight species were selected, and F3 and F2 were planted in the four experimental fields and allowed to pollinate naturally;

[0046] B. Compare wheat yields and repeat operations: Compare wheat production in each experimental field and conduct multiple generations of natural pollination operations in the future;

[0047] C. Select high-quality hybrid seeds after repeated generations: When the breeding yields under various conditions are similar, high-quality seeds can be produced.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid wheat breeding method comprising the following steps: Features: Step 1, first generation hybridization: A. Parent breeding selection: Take out the wheat seeds that survive well in a certain low temperature environment for a certain period of time, and mark them as F1 as the father, and take out the high-yield wheat seeds as the mother; B. Experimental field selection: select multiple experimental fields with similar area, environment, light range and light time, and plant F1 and mother parent in different experimental fields; C. Artificial pollination growth: Before the wheat blooms, remove the stamens from the mother plant and use the pollen from F1 to pollinate the mother plant. Step 2, second generation hybridization: A. Comparison of wheat yields and secondary cultivation of parents: observe and understand the yields of multiple groups of test fields, take seeds with better development at this time, and place them at low temperature and time for the second time. The wheat seeds with good conditions are still taken out as the male parent F2, and the wheat seeds with good disease resistance are taken as the female parent; B. Repeat the test field selection and secondary artificial pollination: Plant F2, disease-resistant female parent and F1 in part of the test field. The test field is divided into two parts, in which the temperature can be controlled in some test fields, and the other conditions are similar. F2 is hybridized with the disease-resistant female parent; C. Comparison of wheat yield and three-time cultivation of parents: Comparison of maternal wheat yields under F1 and F2 pollination at different temperatures, comparison of cold resistance of seeds at different stages, and taking out the better growing part of the maternal F2 hybrid as the paternal F3 for seed cultivation; Step 3: Multi-generation hybridization: A. Experimental field selection and natural pollination: Four experimental fields with eight species were selected, and F3 and F2 were planted in the four experimental fields and allowed to pollinate naturally; B. Compare wheat yields and repeat operations: Compare wheat production in each experimental field and conduct multiple generations of natural pollination operations in the future; C. Select high-quality hybrid seeds after repeated generations: When the breeding yields under various conditions are similar, high-quality seeds can be produced.

2. The hybrid wheat breeding method according to claim 1, Features: In parent breeding selection, the low-temperature incubation temperature for seeds is 3-6 degrees, and the incubation time is 7-10 hours.

3. The hybrid wheat breeding method according to claim 1, Features: The four types of experimental fields in multi-generation hybridization are normal temperature with pesticides, normal temperature without pesticides, low temperature with pesticides, and low temperature without pesticides.

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